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295:, was convicted six times before he fell to his death in 2006, while attempting to climb to a nest high up in a tree. While the threat of imprisonment after 2000 encouraged some to give up egg collecting, others were not deterred. One individual has been convicted ten times and imprisoned twice. As recently as 2018, a man was imprisoned for amassing a collection of 5000 eggs, after previously being imprisoned in 2005. Another man was convicted of possessing 200 eggs in 2021.
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and prosecutors are able to distinguish them from recently collected eggs. It is illegal to sell a collection, regardless of the eggs' age, so old collections may only be disposed of by giving the eggs away or by destroying them. Museums are reluctant to accept donations of collections without reliable collection data (i.e. date and place that they were collected) that gives them scientific value. Also, museums no longer put egg collections on public display.
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allowed for six months' imprisonment for the possession of the eggs of wild birds and, since it came into force, a number of individuals have been imprisoned, both for possessing and for attempting to buy egg collections. The
Jourdain Society continued to meet although membership dwindled after 1994,
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In the United
Kingdom, to avoid the possibility of prosecution, owners of old egg collections must retain sufficient proof to show, on the balance of probabilities, that the eggs pre-date 1981. However owners of genuinely old collections are unlikely to face prosecution as experienced investigators
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The Royal
Society for the Protection of Birds has been particularly active in fighting illegal egg collection and maintains an investigative unit that collects intelligence on egg collectors and assists police in mounting prosecutions on them, in addition to investigating other wildlife crimes. At
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When collecting eggs, normally the whole clutch of eggs is taken. Because eggs will rot if the contents are left inside, they must be "blown" to remove the contents. Although collectors will take eggs at all stages of incubation, freshly laid eggs are much easier to blow, usually through a small,
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were not readily available. Thus it was often more practical to shoot the birds or collect their eggs. While the collection of the eggs of wild birds by amateurs was considered a respectable scientific pursuit in the 19th century and early 20th century, from the mid 20th century onwards it was
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in the United
Kingdom, has made it impossible to collect wild birds' eggs legally. In the United Kingdom, it is only legal to possess a wild-bird's egg if it was taken before 1954, or with a permit for scientific research; selling wild birds' eggs, regardless of their age, is illegal.
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Egg collecting was still popular in the early 20th century, even as its scientific value became less prominent. Egg collectors built large collections and traded with one another. Frequently, collectors would go to extreme lengths to obtain eggs of rare birds. For example,
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However, the practice of egg collecting, or egging, continues as an underground or illegal activity in the UK and elsewhere. In the 1980s and 1990s, the fines allowed by the law were only a moderate deterrent to some egg collectors. However, the
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Nests and Eggs of
Australian Birds: Embracing Papers On "Oology of Australian Birds," Read Before the Field Naturalists' Club of Victoria, Supplemented by Other Notes & Memoranda ; Also, an Appendix of Several Outs - Nesting, Shooting
595:, in which they explored the 'social history' of oology in Britain. The exhibition included a vast recreation of an illegal egg collection, as well as a film narrating the history of egg collecting in Britain.
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eggs from historical collections with more recent egg-shell samples, and was able to demonstrate a decline in shell thickness. This was found to cause the link between the use by farmers of
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when a dinner of the society was raided by police, assisted by the Royal
Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). This resulted in six members being convicted and fined.
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In the United States, the collection and possession of wild bird eggs is also restricted, and in some cases is a criminal act. Depending on the species, the
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inconspicuous hole drilled with a specialized drill through the side of the eggshell. Egg blowing is also done with domestic bird's eggs for the hobby of
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was willing to have his teeth broken to remove a rare egg that became stuck in his mouth. He had placed the egg in his mouth while climbing down a tree.
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Oology became increasingly popular in
Britain and the United States during the 1800s. Observing birds from afar was difficult because high-quality
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after
Jourdain's death in 1940. Rothschild and Jourdain founded it as a breakaway group after egg collecting by members of the
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Nests and Eggs of
Australian Birds, Including the Geographical Distribution of the Species and Popular Observations Thereon
122:(Working Group for the Protection of Peregrine Falcons). Egg contents were filled for pesticide testing and then examined.
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in camouflage skills and in surveillance, map and radio techniques, to better enable them to guard nests of rare birds.
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399:(formerly the Museum of Comparative Oology) (11,000 egg sets from 1,300 species), Santa Barbara, California, US
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421:(Sheffield England, Pawson & Brailsford, 1900) Reissued 1974, by Wren, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Numerous books, and at one point a journal, have been published on egg collecting and identification:
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89:, meaning egg. Oology can also refer to the hobby of collecting wild birds' eggs, sometimes called
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919:"Man jailed and told to give his collection of 5,000 rare bird eggs to Natural History Museum"
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1226:"Andy Holden & Peter Holden: Natural Selection review – artfulness is egg-shaped"
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William Leon Dawson (March–April 1916). "The New Museum of
Comparative Oology".
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This article is about the study of eggs. For scientific studies in general, see
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and father, ornithologist Peter Holden, staged a series of exhibitions titled
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1052:. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. 30 January 2004. Archived from
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increasingly regarded as being a hobby rather than a scientific discipline.
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Despite this, some of those who engage in egg collecting show considerable
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Mid-19th century illustration showing the eggs of a number of bird species
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1127:"H.R.37 - 93rd Congress (1973-1974): Endangered Species Conservation Act"
1022:. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. 12 July 2004. Archived from
478:(1874–84). He has been called "the father of American oölogy". He wrote
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708:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 978.
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843:"The day Britain's most notorious egg collector climbed his last tree"
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Branch of ornithology studying bird eggs, nests and breeding behavior
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describes a student's interest in hunting for the eggs of a water
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one point, RSPB staff were being trained by soldiers from the
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deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a
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and breeding behaviour. The word is derived from the Greek
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939:"Norfolk man who illegally hoarded 5,000 rare eggs jailed"
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In 1922, the British Oological Association was founded by
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A Natural History of the Nests and Eggs of British Birds
393:(190,000 clutches with >800,000 eggs), California, US
1304:
1282:, a 2015 film documentary about illegal egg collecting
762:"Operation Easter The hunt for illegal egg collectors"
870:"No bird for Longford egg collector after court date"
964:"Wild birds' eggs theft: Huddersfield man sentenced"
52:
1164:
626:"Oology Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster"
46:
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990:"Soldiers train RSPB staff to combat egg thieves"
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470:, wrote most of the biographical sketches in the
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668:. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp.
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101:, which is now illegal in many jurisdictions.
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1152:"The Hatching of Oology at the County Museum"
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215:The examples and perspective in this section
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536:Nests and Eggs of Birds of the United States
1173:(2). Cooper Ornithological Society: 68–74.
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233:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
822:. London: Guardian News and Media Limited
794:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
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717:
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572:"Birds of Prey" surrounds illegal oology.
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
192:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
118:Part of the egg collection of the german
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440:(Boston: DeWolfe, Fiske & Co., 1890)
391:Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology
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397:Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History
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587:, which took place at Bristol Museum,
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515:Nests and Eggs of North American Birds
490:Illustrations of Eggs of British Birds
482:which was partially published in 1857.
281:Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000
120:Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wanderfalkenschutz
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728:Barkham, Patrick (11 December 2006).
543:
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1125:John, Dingell (18 September 1973).
1076:"Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918"
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760:Rubinstein, Julian (22 July 2013).
387:(41,000 clutches with 135,000 eggs)
13:
1046:"Disposing of old egg collections"
891:"Compulsion of prolific egg thief"
517:, (fifth edition, Columbus, 1898).
373:National Museum of Natural History
361:Delaware Museum of Natural History
174:, a prominent naturalist, and the
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841:Wainright, Martin (27 May 2006).
375:(190,000 eggs), Washington DC, US
272:Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
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889:George, Sally (3 January 2008).
492:, (third edition, London, 1856).
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1154:. San Bernardino County Museum.
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664:Oology and Ralph's Talking Eggs
472:History of North American Birds
444:Francis Charles Robert Jourdain
381:(150,000 eggs), Toulouse France
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1294:Morris, Francis Orpen (1853).
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1:
1224:Cumming, Laura (2017-09-10).
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184:British Ornithologists' Union
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134:In the 1960s, the naturalist
814:George, Rose (3 June 2003).
660:Henderson, Carrol L (2007).
438:Eggs of North American Birds
404:Oologists and egg collectors
385:San Bernardino County Museum
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268:Protection of Birds Act 1954
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178:; the group was renamed the
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988:Brown, Paul (29 May 2002).
917:Walsh, Peter (2018-11-27).
599:
455:Oology related publications
327:, or other laws may apply.
229:, discuss the issue on the
10:
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868:Dimmer, Sam (2014-03-05).
505:Oology of Australian Birds
349:Major research collections
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317:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
266:Legislation, such as the
176:Reverend Francis Jourdain
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1273:Alberto Masi Egg Gallery
496:Archibald James Campbell
486:William Chapman Hewitson
474:, by Baird, Brewer, and
415:Archibald James Campbell
291:in their activity. One,
816:"Egg poachers at large"
705:Encyclopædia Britannica
434:Charles Johnson Maynard
527:, (New York, 1893–96).
369:, Melbourne, Australia
367:H. L. White Collection
355:Natural History Museum
325:Endangered Species Act
123:
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1016:"Old egg collections"
480:North American Oölogy
117:
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1729:Egg drop competition
1269:at Wikimedia Commons
699:"Birdsnesting"
507:. Ferguson no. 7870)
227:improve this section
190:at a meeting of the
1205:www.artangel.org.uk
1201:"Natural Selection"
730:"The egg snatchers"
630:merriam-webster.com
591:in Eastbourne, and
525:Dictionary of Birds
1724:Egg-and-spoon race
1551:List of egg dishes
1364:Fish and amphibian
1345:List of egg topics
566:A 2007 episode of
544:In popular culture
464:Thomas Mayo Brewer
379:Muséum de Toulouse
363:(520,000 eggs), US
357:(610,000 eggs), UK
301:Brigade of Gurkhas
124:
32:
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1784:Ovo vegetarianism
1265:Media related to
679:978-0-292-71451-9
593:Leeds Art Gallery
581:Natural Selection
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186:was denounced by
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970:. 2021-04-23
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110:As a science
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1869:Ornithology
1739:Fabergé egg
1105:www.fws.gov
1101:"Lacey Act"
1080:www.fws.gov
1060:23 November
1030:23 November
771:10 November
577:Andy Holden
425:E. J. Court
188:Earl Buxton
95:birdnesting
75:ornithology
1858:Categories
1749:HowToBasic
1744:Free range
1719:Easter egg
1714:Decorating
1696:In culture
1586:Deep fried
1507:Components
1387:Cephalopod
1243:2020-08-22
1210:2020-08-22
1167:The Condor
1000:25 October
974:2022-02-17
949:2022-02-17
924:2022-02-17
875:2022-02-17
853:25 October
826:9 November
799:9 November
740:25 October
612:References
331:Collecting
289:recidivism
158:As a hobby
144:pesticides
128:binoculars
1704:Balancing
1666:Scrambled
1478:Ovulation
1468:Oviparity
1448:Oogenesis
1407:Pathology
1369:Monotreme
1238:0029-7712
1136:7 January
1110:7 January
1085:7 January
902:24 August
553:'s novel
321:Lacey Act
311:In the US
262:In the UK
239:June 2015
231:talk page
138:compared
79:bird eggs
77:studying
1830:Category
1631:Powdered
1616:Omelette
1611:Meringue
1561:Benedict
1528:membrane
1428:Egg cell
1401:dinosaur
996:. London
968:BBC News
943:BBC News
896:BBC News
849:. London
736:. London
636:June 13,
600:See also
585:Artangel
534:(1882).
225:You may
152:dieldrin
146:such as
1842:Commons
1811:Tossing
1806:Tapping
1801:Rolling
1789:Pysanka
1774:Organic
1769:Oomancy
1681:Soufflé
1671:Shirred
1636:Pickled
1626:Poached
1591:Deviled
1576:Coddled
1571:Century
1543:As food
1533:Chalaza
1493:Trophic
1463:Oviduct
1453:Ootheca
1423:Allergy
1416:Biology
1397:Reptile
1289:journal
1279:Poached
1187:1362747
561:wagtail
476:Ridgway
336:Methods
105:History
69:; also
1864:Oology
1764:Oology
1734:Egging
1709:Carton
1676:Smoked
1661:Scotch
1656:Salted
1641:Quiche
1596:Eggnog
1566:Boiled
1498:Zygote
1443:Oogamy
1433:Embryo
1267:Oology
1236:
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1050:Advice
1020:Advice
676:
323:, the
319:, the
99:egging
71:oölogy
35:Oology
1651:Salad
1601:Fried
1556:Balut
1524:Shell
1519:White
1488:Tooth
1483:Spawn
1458:Ovary
1352:Types
1183:JSTOR
83:nests
21:Ology
1759:Hunt
1606:Iron
1526:and
1514:Yolk
1392:Fish
1359:Bird
1336:Eggs
1234:ISSN
1138:2016
1112:2016
1087:2016
1062:2012
1032:2012
1002:2012
904:2020
855:2012
828:2011
801:2011
773:2013
742:2012
674:ISBN
638:2023
501:Etc.
270:and
150:and
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1646:Roe
1175:doi
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