84:, with up to a dozen slots that allow multiple hardware manufacturers to produce add-ons, and for the user to freely install them. By contrast, closed architectures, if they are expandable at all, have one or two "expansion ports" using a proprietary connector design that may require a license fee from the manufacturer, or enhancements may only be installable by technicians with specialized tools or training.
230:"In some ways, the most far-reaching decision made by the team that built the IBM PC was to use an open architecture, rather than one that was proprietary to IBM. That decision led to the market for add-in boards, for large numbers of third party applications, and eventually to a large number of competitors all creating "IBM-compatible" machines.
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Similarly, an open software architecture is one in which additional software modules can be added to the basic framework provided by the architecture. Open APIs (Application
Programming Interfaces) to major software products are the way in which the basic functionality of such products can be
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are examples. A second type of open software architecture consists of the messages that can flow between computer systems. These messages have a standard structure that can be modified or extended per agreements between the computer systems. An example is IBM's
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Open architecture allows potential users to see inside all or parts of the architecture without any proprietary constraints. Typically, an open architecture publishes all or parts of its architecture that the developer or integrator wants to share. The
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processes involved with an open architecture may require some license agreements between entities sharing the architecture information. Open architectures have been successfully implemented in many diverse fields, including the
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Amiga was one of the first computers with an open architecture. It had two expansion slots, one on the side and one on the bottom.
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TRON Project 1987 Open-Architecture
Computer Systems: Proceedings of the Third TRON Project Symposium
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Software design paradigm emphasizing ease of swapping out and modifying components
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went to IBM's
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or they may incorporate a proprietary bus standard such as that used on the
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Concise
Encyclopedia of System Safety: Definition of Terms and Concepts
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Computer
History: From The Antikythera Mechanism To The Modern Era
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may include systems with both open and closed architectures. The
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have an open architecture supporting plug-in cards, whereas the
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for equal-access requirements in telecommunications
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219:"Why the IBM PC Had an Open Architecture"
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186:Clifton A. Ericson, II (12 April 2011).
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295:"The HOW and WHY of OPEN ARCHITECTURE"
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217:Michael J. Miller (August 8, 2011).
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253:by Aris Mpitziopoulos "
110:are open architecture.
336:Software architecture
331:Computer architecture
194:John Wiley & Sons
42:software architecture
38:computer architecture
346:Open-source hardware
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62:closed architecture
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116:Google APIs
108:desktop PCs
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311:2015-07-02
174:References
66:system bus
50:Amiga 2000
232:Bill Lowe
224:pcmag.com
134:U.S. Navy
58:Apple IIc
54:Apple IIe
300:navy.mil
140:See also
92:Mac mini
82:Apple II
68:such as
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