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the legs all the way to the surface, creating a more streamlined profile for the arms to pull through the water. Both of these mechanisms of becoming horizontal require a small amount of energy from the swimmer. When a person wearing a thick wetsuit floats motionless in the water, their legs tend to float on the surface. Theoretically, this obviates the small energy expenditure mentioned above, although an additional small amount of energy is required to continually flex the wetsuit during swimming motions.
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228:. Some swimmers tend to keep it simple, using a basic swimsuit, goggles, and swim cap. Many records are based on that attire, which is known as 'channel attire' because it is stipulated in the rules for English Channel crossings and the rules for other long swims. Swimmers often utilize changing robes to dry off and change into or out of their swimwear attire in often cold and public places.
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is correspondingly reduced. In calmer conditions, or when facing surface chop, swimmers can also significantly benefit from swimming immediately behind or closely alongside a swimmer of comparable or faster speed. Not all race organizers permit drafting, and swimmers can run the risk of disqualification if they are caught.
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Various types of wetsuits of varying thicknesses are used in open water swimming. Some employ high-tech materials and workmanship, others are of basic materials found in surfing and diving wetsuits. Some designs cover the torso, arms and legs, while other designs leave the arms and shoulders exposed.
191:
When entering the water, swimmers can use techniques to take advantage of the shallow water. One such technique is walking along the bottom. Another technique is "dolphining", which involves diving down to the bottom and launching oneself upwards and forwards. This technique can also help to avoid
173:
When covering large distances, swimmers may head off course due to current, waves, wind, and poor visibility. Typically, buoys are stationed periodically across a large expanse to provide guidance. However, buoys are often invisible due to interference from choppy water and reduced visibility through
252:
When a person floats motionless in the water, their legs tend to sink. When a person swims freestyle, the legs rise toward surface because water passing underneath the body pushes the legs up, similar to how the wind can lift a kite into the air. In addition, a proper kicking technique will bring
182:
Drafting, which is prohibited by some race regulations, is the technique of following another swimmer so closely that water resistance is reduced. When swimming closely alongside or behind a swimmer in the lead swimmer's wake, resistance is reduced and the amount of effort to swim at the same speed
256:
High-end triathlon wetsuits have extra flexibility that provides easier range of motion than a surfing or diving wetsuit. Some triathlon wetsuits have varied thickness by way of panels that provide custom flotation that aids the wearer in keeping an efficient position in the water.
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rule is that wetsuits are allowed for elite triathlons at below 23 °C (73 °F) if 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) or more, and below 21 °C (70 °F) if shorter. Wetsuits are mandatory in triathlons below 16 °C (61 °F) if 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) or more.
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goggles. Swimmers are encouraged to 'triangulate' by looking for two aligned, easily visible objects on land that are directly behind the destination (such as the end of a pier as it lines up with a hilltop), and to make sure they continue to appear aligned during the race.
107:
in South Africa (attributed to Wayne Ridden), the Great Swim in the UK (whose idea is attributed to Colin Hill), and the Batley race have helped create and grow interest and participation in the sport.
85:
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The equipment allowed in a race depends on the sanctioning body and/or the race organizers. For example, races may have divisions for wetsuits and/or relays; may require escort boats /
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without penalty in any event sanctioned by USA Triathlon up to and including a water temperature of 78 degrees
Fahrenheit (26 °C)." The
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For triathlons, competitive rule 4.4 of USA Triathlon, states that "each age group participant shall be permitted to wear a
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in 1896, the swimming competition was held in open water. In 2000, the
Olympic Games first included a
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Gozo to Malta Open water race, one of the most scenic open water races in the
Mediterranean, (
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Though most open water races do not require a specific stroke, most competitors employ the
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57:. Competitive open water swimming is governed by the International Swimming Federation,
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492:-sanctioned discipline. It has been included in the Olympic Games since 2008, and the
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is a swimming discipline which takes place in outdoor bodies of water such as open
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St Lucia
Channel Swim - 21 miles (34 km) swim from St Lucia to Martinique
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Water
Warrior Amphibious Assault - One Mile Ocean Swim out of Del Mar Beach,
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Wind, Waves, and
Sunburn: A Brief History of Marathon Swimming
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In some competitions, a swim buoy is used for extra visibility
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And walk into the water:the start of the one-mile course.
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Swimming to
Antarctica: Tales of a Long-Distance Swimmer
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92:
has featured open water swimming events since 1992. The
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192:
incoming waves. When exiting the water, swimmers can
224:/ paddleboards; and may require specifically colored
157:. The efficiency of this stroke was demonstrated by
386:, in the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Turkey
61:(formerly known as FINA), except when it is part of
199:
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797:Waterlog: A Swimmer's Journey Through Britain
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100:is held in several events around the world.
96:was held from 2000 to 2010. Since 2007, the
94:FINA World Open Water Swimming Championships
84:with a 1500 m swim leg, and in 2008, a
30:The start of an amateur ocean swim event on
511:List of successful English Channel swimmers
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637:|title=Home |website=defimonte-cristo.com}
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320:Byron Bay Ocean Swim Classic (Australia,
186:
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695:Dover Solo: Swimming The English Channel
303:Barbados Open Water Festival (Barbados,
211:
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135:
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120:Acclimatisation to the 14.5 °C water at
115:
25:
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347:word's largest ocean swim (Australia,
161:, who, as the first woman to swim the
98:FINA 10 km Marathon Swimming World Cup
840:
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635:https://www.defimonte-cristo.com/fr/
392:in the canals of downtown (Denmark,
327:Henley Swim Series (United Kingdom,
111:
650:
558:from the original on 31 March 2010.
471:X-Waters series (Russia and Europe)
468:Oceanman series (Europe and global)
72:In the first edition of the modern
13:
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14:
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494:FINA World Aquatics Championships
90:FINA World Aquatics Championships
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439:Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
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311:Bosphorus Intercontinental Swim
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200:Equipment used in competitions
1:
720:Wennerberg, Conrad A (1997).
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293:Circuito Gran Fondo Italia, (
132:Followed by warm-up exercises
196:to take advantage of waves.
65:, which are governed by the
7:
1404:Radio-controlled car racing
499:
480:Defi Monte Cristo (France,
410:Whitehaven Beach Ocean Swim
402:7800 participants (Sweden,
177:
168:
10:
1583:
1059:Mountain bike orienteering
866:
774:Munatones, Steven (2011).
693:Cleveland, Marcia (1999).
569:Circuito Gran Fondo Italia
488:Open water swimming is an
322:Byron Bay, New South Wales
86:10 km open water swim
18:
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1383:Offshore powerboat racing
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1335:Motorcycle chariot racing
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459:Santa Fe-Coronda Marathon
144:
1378:Inshore powerboat racing
751:. Walker & Company.
747:Mortimer, Gavin (2009).
672:Dean, Penny Lee (1998).
430:Series (United Kingdom,
19:Not to be confused with
1531:List of forms of racing
898:Middle-distance running
546:"ITU Competition Rules"
477:Swimcup series (Russia)
419:RCP Tiburon Mile (USA,
1373:Jet sprint boat racing
585:oceanman-openwater.com
337:(Australia, Victoria,
272:Long distance swimming
217:
209:
187:Beach starting/exiting
141:
133:
125:
39:
1567:Summer Olympic sports
976:Cross country running
903:Long-distance running
795:Roger Deakin (1999).
390:Round the Castle Swim
372:Rottnest Channel Swim
215:
207:
139:
131:
119:
29:
1470:Cross-country skiing
1444:Slalom skateboarding
1127:Mountain bike racing
833:at Wikimedia Commons
1552:Open water swimming
1278:Pickup truck racing
1213:Paralympic swimming
1203:Open water swimming
1112:Road bicycle racing
831:Open water swimming
777:Open Water Swimming
724:. Breakaway Books.
675:Open Water Swimming
651:Cox, Lynne (2004).
103:Events such as the
43:Open water swimming
1494:Multi-sport racing
1293:Touring car racing
1079:Canoe orienteering
1074:Radio orienteering
1069:Trail orienteering
780:. Human Kinetics.
678:. Human Kinetics.
378:Cadiz Freedom Swim
218:
210:
142:
134:
126:
63:multi-sport events
40:
1539:
1538:
1422:
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1368:Hydroplane racing
1317:Motorcycle racing
1283:Sports car racing
1208:Marathon swimming
1089:Mountain marathon
1054:Foot orienteering
1040:
1039:
829:Media related to
801:Chatto and Windus
787:978-0-73609-284-5
758:978-0-8027-1749-8
731:978-1-55821-615-0
704:978-0-9672091-0-4
685:978-0-88011-704-3
664:978-0-375-41507-4
516:Lucky's Lake Swim
421:San Francisco Bay
277:Marathon swimming
124:in September 2010
112:Racing techniques
32:Christmas morning
21:Marathon swimming
1574:
1501:Adventure racing
1363:Drag boat racing
1355:Motorboat racing
1310:
1288:Stock car racing
1246:
1245:
1170:Greyhound racing
1094:Car orienteering
1064:Ski orienteering
1027:Snowshoe running
1022:Backward running
981:Mountain running
969:Off-road running
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451:(United States,
400:Vansbrosimningen
355:Lake Zurich Swim
329:Henley-on-Thames
208:Start at Vansbro
153:, also known as
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645:Further reading
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282:Winter swimming
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163:English Channel
159:Gertrude Ederle
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67:World Triathlon
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749:The Great Swim
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657:. A.A. Knopf.
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122:Salford Quays
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74:Olympic Games
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1439:Sandboarding
1434:Longboarding
1427:Board racing
1345:Track racing
1325:Beach racing
1298:Truck racing
1241:Motor racing
1202:
1175:Horse racing
1165:Camel racing
1046:Orienteering
986:Fell running
937:Road running
918:Steeplechase
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603:x-waters.com
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521:Roger Deakin
506:Cole Classic
496:since 1991.
487:
461:(Argentina,
345:Cole Classic
305:Carlisle Bay
288:Competitions
267:Ice swimming
255:
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190:
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38:, Australia.
1449:Street luge
1268:Kart racing
1258:Drag racing
1250:Auto racing
1117:Cyclo-cross
1017:Racewalking
412:(Australia
374:(Australia)
359:Lake Zurich
335:Pier to Pub
313:, (Turkey,
151:front crawl
105:Midmar Mile
36:Manly Beach
1546:Categories
1399:Air racing
1340:Rally raid
1142:BMX racing
996:Skyrunning
908:Relay race
621:swimcup.ru
532:References
449:Swim Miami
443:California
432:Windermere
428:Great Swim
414:Whitsunday
394:Copenhagen
1516:Aquathlon
1506:Triathlon
1330:Motocross
1084:Rogaining
893:Sprinting
767:166378101
526:Triathlon
482:Marseille
226:swim caps
194:body surf
155:freestyle
82:triathlon
34:2016, at
1562:Aquatics
1557:Swimming
1511:Duathlon
1485:Sledding
1223:Climbing
1195:Swimming
950:Marathon
913:Hurdling
740:42649860
713:42649860
553:Archived
500:See also
463:Santa Fe
315:Istanbul
222:kayakers
178:Drafting
169:Sighting
1032:Parkour
876:Running
490:Olympic
404:Vansbro
238:wetsuit
1136:Keirin
960:Ekiden
868:Racing
807:
784:
765:
755:
738:
728:
711:
701:
682:
661:
617:"Home"
599:"Home"
581:"Home"
145:Stroke
88:. The
78:Athens
55:rivers
53:, and
47:oceans
1392:Other
1005:Other
556:(PDF)
549:(PDF)
453:Miami
366:Malta
349:Manly
339:Lorne
295:Italy
51:lakes
805:ISBN
782:ISBN
763:OCLC
753:ISBN
736:OCLC
726:ISBN
709:OCLC
699:ISBN
680:ISBN
659:ISBN
426:The
475:TYR
242:ITU
76:in
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