812:
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1381:, who sent a telegram to Wavell betraying his ignorance of events by stating: "Without using the Tiger cubs you have taken the offensive, advanced 30 mi (48 km), captured Halfaya and Sollum, taken 500 German prisoners and inflicted heavy losses in men and tanks. For this twenty I tanks and 1,000 or 1,500 casualties do not seem too heavy a cost." Churchill ended the message by asking Wavell "What are your dates for bringing Tiger cubs into action?", in reference to the reinforcements that had arrived at
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had repulsed a strong
British tank attack. As nightfall approached, Herff broke off the action and went on to the defensive. He intended to repair his damaged machines, reorganise, and resume offensive operations on 18 May. 2RTR pulled back to Bir el Khireigat, initially followed by two German tanks, one of which withdrew after the other was destroyed. The regiment arrived at Bir el Khireigat, from where it had set out two days previously, at around 02:30 on 17 May.
1309:
divisions operating in the areaâhad grown uneasy. A Squadron's patrol was interpreted as an attempt to concentrate south of Sidi Azeiz, in preparation for a thrust north the next day; such a move threatened to sweep aside Herff's force and unhinge the German front in the SollumâBardia area. Herff broke contact with the
British; his plan was to join up with Cramer's Panzer Regiment 8 to mount a concentrated counter-attack the following morning.
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leading C Company, and the attack on the fort began without armoured support. The fort was vigorously defended, and it was not until just before midday that C Company, reunited with A Squadron 4RTR and reinforced by A and B Companies 1DLI, eventually took the position. D Company 1DLIâwhich had been in reserve during the attackâthen made a wide left hook to capture a small landing ground to the north of the fort.
1492:. The Allied force was organised into informal brigade groups, with individual units of the 7th Armoured Division detached to different brigade groups according to their mission. As well as specific units identified in this article, brigade groups included supporting arms such as artillery batteries, and additional units which played no significant part in the operation.
980:, the main offensive that he was planning for June. Operation Brevity's primary objectives were to recapture the Halfaya Pass, to drive the enemy from the Sollum and Capuzzo areas, and to deplete Rommel's forces. A secondary objective was to advance toward Tobruk, although only as far as supplies would allow, and without risking the force committed to the operation.
1179:. At the cost of the seven tanks, the position was taken by C Squadron 4RTR and G Company 2nd Scots Guards and the brigade group pushed on towards the Bir Wair-Musaid road. At around 08:00, it received the surrender of a large German-Italian camp, and by 10:15 Bir Wair and Musaid had been taken in the face of sporadic opposition.
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Infantry suffered the most during the operation losing 196 men killed, wounded or captured. The 2nd Scots Guards lost one man killed and four wounded, the 3rd
Coldstream Guards lost one man killed and the 11th Hussars suffered four men wounded. Losses among the 2nd Rifle Brigade are unknown. German casualties numbered three tanks (a
1258:
Although the German and
Italian commands in North Africa knew that a British offensive was imminent, Operation Brevity nevertheless caught them unprepared, and Rommel recorded in his diary that the initial attacks had caused him considerable losses. By midday on 15 May, Axis command was showing signs
1385:
on 12 May as part of a convoy code-named
Operation Tiger. The 11th Hussar's regimental history notes that "it was clear that no further offensive action would be possible before 7 Armoured Division was fully prepared". The Tiger convoy brought 238 tanks and made it possible to refit the 7th Armoured
1335:
but by mid-morning both groups had run out of fuel. The German advance resumed at 16:00 before being stopped by around 17 tanks of 2RTR. The
British reported one German tank set alight and another disabled and that an advance of up to fifty tanks had been halted, while the Germans believed that they
719:
regained the fort during the afternoon causing heavy casualties amongst its defenders. Gottâconcerned that his forces were in danger of being caught by German armour in open groundâconducted a staged withdrawal to the
Halfaya Pass on 16 May, and Brevity was closed down. The importance of the Halfaya
1397:
The historian, Thomas Jentz, suggests that
Brevity could have ended in victory for the British. While their tank forces were fighting ineffectively, the "gutsy" actions by 2RTR and their patrol toward Sidi Azeiz had convinced the Germans that the battle was lost by the evening of 15 May. Because of
703:
Wavell defined
Operation Brevity's main objectives as the acquisition of territory from which to launch a further planned offensive toward Tobruk, and the depletion of German and Italian forces in the region. With limited battle-ready units to draw on in the wake of Rommel's recent successes, on 15
656:
area of the border between Egypt and Libya. Although the operation got off to a promising start, throwing the Axis high command into confusion, most of its early gains were lost to local counter-attacks, and with German reinforcements being rushed to the front the operation was called off after one
1219:
On the desert flank, 2RTR advanced with the 7th
Armoured Brigade group. During the morning, reports were received of up to 30 German armoured vehicles operating nearby, and A Squadron 2RTR moved to investigate. Most of the German force had pulled back, but three tanks were located and brought
1352:
Operation Brevity failed to achieve most of its objectives, succeeding only in retaking the Halfaya Pass. The British lost five tanks destroyed and a further 13 were damaged but the tank regiments suffered no losses in personnel. Total casualties amounted to at least 206 men. The 1st Durham Light
1300:
The Germans concentrated their riposte against the central column. Herffâwho had been prepared to fall backâinstead launched a local counter-attack toward Fort Capuzzo during the afternoon of 15 May with the 2nd Battalion Panzer Regiment 5. At around 13:30, D Company 1DLI at the landing
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positions behind a ridge near the fort were 20â30 German tanks, supported by anti tank guns. These engaged A Squadron, disabling five tanks, but were forced to withdraw as the squadron pressed its attack. On the final approach to Fort Capuzzo, contact was lost between 4RTR's tanks and 1DLI's
866:
was to block British attempts to drive the Italians out of the region. Rommel seized on the weakness of his opponents and without waiting for his forces fully to assemble, rapidly went on the offensive. During March and April, the remaining units of the 2nd Armoured Division were destroyed as the
1206:
F. Rileyâcharged the gun positions and quickly neutralised them, but one carrier was disabled when the group was subsequently engaged by anti-tank guns. Riley executed a second charge, silencing these too and taking their crews prisoner. His carrier was hit three times; for his actions Riley was
943:
Tobruk prevented him from building up his forces at Sollum, making further advances into Egypt impractical.}}{{efn|Tripoli was the main supply base and all supplies then had to be shipped along the coast or driven to the front. By maintaining possession of Tobruk, the British had the initiative.
1308:
On the desert flank, A Squadron 2RTR's patrol toward Sidi Azeiz was being monitored by Panzer Regiment 5, but the Germans misidentified the light cruiser tanks as heavily armoured Matilda infantry tanks, and reported that an attack was not possible. Herffâbelieving the British had two
1325:
Realising that the 22nd Guards Brigade group would be vulnerable to German armoured counterattacks in the open ground around Bir Wair and Mussaid, Brigadier Gott withdrew it during the early hours of the morning of 16 May. By 10:00, the infantry had taken up new positions back at Halfaya Pass,
700:â100 mi (160 km) inside Libyaâhad resisted the Axis advance, and its substantial Australian and British garrison constituted a significant threat to Rommel's lengthy supply chain. He therefore committed his main strength to besieging the city, leaving the front line only thinly held.
1237:
The advance along the coastal roadâwhich lacked tank supportâwas held up all morning by determined Italian resistance at the bottom of Halfaya Pass. This objective was finally achieved toward evening when S Company 2nd Rifle Brigadeâsupported by Australian anti-tank gunners fighting as
1174:
infantry tanks. At 400 yd (370 m), the gunners shifted targets, aiming at the tracks and undercarriages, when the tanks raised up crossing low stone walls and rocks, seven tanks were disabled. For his conduct during this action, Rommel recommended that Montemurro be awarded the
1128:
to adopt a more aggressive posture. On 13 May, Axis aircraft bombed British tank concentrations and Herff expected an imminent British attack. On the following day aircraft were unable to locate the British, and it was reported that the "enemy intentions to attack were not known".
1305:, the remaining troops of 1DLI were forced to fall back toward Musaid. A fortuitous dust cloud aided their withdrawal but by 14:45 Panzer Regiment 5 was reporting that it had recaptured Capuzzo, inflicting heavy casualties on the British and taking 70 prisoners.
676:
in the process. British attention then shifted to Greece, which was under the threat of Axis invasion. While Allied divisions were being diverted from North Africa, the Italians reinforced their positions and were supported by the arrival of the German
1386:
Division, which had been out of action since February as a result of the losses it sustained during Operation Compass. Preparations could now be made for Operation Battleaxe and the relief of Tobruk. In the system of British and Commonwealth
1142:
On 13 May, Wavell's infantry battalions began to concentrate at their start lines, followed by the tank regiments during the early hours of 15 May. At 06:00, the three columns began their advance, supported overhead by a standing patrol of
1357:
and two Panzer IIIs, although several more suffered minor damage) and 258 men killed, wounded or captured. Jack Greene and Alessandro Massignani place total Italian losses at 395. Allied accounts record the capture of 347 of these men.
1228:
and forcing the remainder to withdraw. By midday, the brigade group had reached a position west of Fort Capuzzo, and in the afternoon the nine remaining cruisers of A Squadron 2RTR began a reconnaissance patrol towards Sidi Azeiz.
938:
and Rommel was unable to take the port. This failure was significant; his front line positions at Sollum were at the end of a long supply route from Tripoli, threatened by the Tobruk garrison. The substantial commitment required to
1074:) and the infantry tanks of 4RTR. In the north, the coast group was to advance along the coast road, capturing the lower Halfaya Pass, Sollum barracks, and the town of Sollum. The group included elements of the 2nd Battalion
6447:
1377:, Italy's highest award for bravery. The medal citation reported that Cova had organised a counter-attack and was killed attempting to throw a hand-held bomb at a British tank. The British received plaudits from
1409:
Operation Brevity highlighted to Rommel the importance of the Halfaya Pass; whichever side held it would have a "comparatively safe route for his supplies" during offensives in the area. On 27 May, he launched
1398:
their failure to engage 2RTR late that day, several German commanders from Panzer Regiment 5, including its commanding officer, were removed from their posts after the battle. Jentz notes that a feint by the
6233:
1275:
for a concerted effort to defeat it. Forces around Tobruk were redeployed east of the besieged city, to block any attempt at relief and to prevent the garrison from breaking out to meet the British advance.
1062:, whose task was to patrol the open desert on the left flank and monitor the Sidi AzeizâBardia road. In the centre, the 22nd Guards Brigade group was to clear the top of the Halfaya Pass, secure Bir Wair,
885:âwere captured and the British command structure had to be reorganised. HQ Cyrenaica was dissolved on 14 April and its command functions taken over by a new HQ Western Desert Force (Lieutenant-General
1224:
was disabled and the other two driven off, for the loss of one British tank due to mechanical failure. A second force of 15 German tanks was engaged by two tanks of No 2 Troop, destroying a
1198:
In the afternoon, one company of the 2nd Scots Guards probed toward Bardia, the infantry coming under heavy machine gun fire from three positions as they neared Sollum barracks. A group of
764:
and reorganised under HQ Cyrenaica Command (CYRCOM), the troops of the former Western Desert Force adopted a defensive posture. Over the next few months, HQ Cyrenaica lost its commander,
1524:) and 135 Infantry tanks. Many of the division's personnel had also been dispersed to other tasks, meaning the division would also have to reorganise and retrain to become battle ready.
6593:
6442:
808:
were deployed to Cyrenaica but both formations were inexperienced, ill-equipped and in the case of the 2nd Armoured Division, well under strength, after detachments to Greece.
6603:
1365:, who had defended Halfaya Pass "...with lionlike courage until the last man against stronger enemy forces. The greatest part of them died faithful to the flag". Lieutenant
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1501:
Erskine states "the Company was in an exposed position at the time, and there is no doubt that Sergeant Riley's speed and dash saved it from suffering heavy casualties."
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was to move 30 mi (48 km) from Bir el Khireigat to Sidi Azeiz destroying any opposition encountered en route. This group included three small mobile forces ("
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1160:. This unit fought tenaciously, doing much to repair the poor impression Rommel had of his Italian allies. Opening fire upon the attacking British tanks, the
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out of Tobruk might have caused a realignment of the Axis forces, weakening their overall position and perhaps even forcing them to give up the Sollum area.
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2682:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I (Facs. repr. Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). London: HMSO.
692:. Rapidly taking the offensive against his distracted and over-stretched opponent, by April 1941 Rommel had driven the British and Commonwealth forces in
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2697:
Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; Flynn, Captain F. C.; Molony, Brigadier C. J. C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S. E. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
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1096:, positioned on the desert plateau. It included 30â50 tanks of the 2nd Battalion, Panzer Regiment 5, an Italian motorised infantry battalion of the
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1108:âwell trained Italian motorised infantryâwith artillery support. On 9 May, the Germans intercepted a British weather report over the radio. The
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Cramer's reinforcements arrived in the Sidi Azeiz area at 03:00 and reached Fort Capuzzo at 06:30. At around 08:00, he made contact with
756:
and destroying the 10th Army. The advance was halted in February 1941 due to supply shortages and because priority had been given to the
976:âconceived Operation Brevity as a rapid blow in the Sollum area. Wavell intended to create advantageous conditions from which to launch
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4596:
3321:
2701:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). HMSO.
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of confusion. It was erroneously believed that the offensive involved more than 100 tanks, and repeated requests were made to both the
578:
1019:âin command of all Allied front-line forces since the retreatâwas to lead the operation and his plan was to advance in three parallel
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Tank Combat in North Africa: The Opening Rounds, Operations Sonnenblume, Brevity, Skorpion and Battleaxe, February 1941 â June 1941
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was taken against stiff Italian opposition, and deeper inside Libya Fort Capuzzo was captured, but German counter-attacks under
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1066:, and Fort Capuzzo, and conduct a company-sized probe toward Bardia. The group included two infantry formations (1st Battalion
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fighters. Reaching the top of the Halfaya Pass, the 22nd Guards Brigade group ran into heavy opposition from a company of
1118:, Bardi, Tobruk, and the Gebel". Rommel strengthened the eastern side of his cordon around Tobruk as a precaution against
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A Squadron 4RTR and the 1st Durham Light Infantry (1DLI) continued the advance toward Fort Capuzzo. Concealed in
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war diary noted that "In the past, such reports had always been issued prior to the important enemy offensives to
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in passing, it then advanced into Egypt; by the end of April it had taken Sollum and the tactically important
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The Eleventh at War: Being the Story of the XIth Hussars (Prince Albert's Own) through the Years 1934â1945
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2826:. Australia in the War of 1939â1945. Series 1 â Army. Vol. III. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
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Division, and supporting arms. The front line area around Halfaya Pass was defended by two companies of
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although the 7th Armoured Brigade group was ordered to remain west of Fort Capuzzo for the time being.
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back across the Egyptian border. Although the battlefront now lay in the border area, the port city of
472:
2674:; Stitt, Commander G. M. S.; Molony, Brigadier C. J. C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S. E. (2004) .
1414:, during which Herff recaptured the pass and reversed the last British territorial gain from Brevity.
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Only ten British tanks were lost in action; the remainder were caused by breakdowns and lack of fuel.
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struck a mine and sank but not before her crew was taken off. The tank reinforcements comprised 21
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752:. In two months, the British advanced 500 mi (800 km), occupying the Italian province of
593:
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Pass as a safe supply route was highlighted to Rommel, and 11 days later it was recaptured during
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32:
1488:, although one of these thirty tanks was in a field depot under repair. The infantry tanks were
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attacked in three columns with a mixed infantry and armoured force. The strategically important
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Swift and Bold: The Story of the King's Royal Rifle Corps in the Second World War 1939â1945
1390:, units that served in the Halfaya Pass area between 15 and 27 May were awarded the honour
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2777:"War Diaries For The 11th Hussars, (Prince Albert's Own) September 1939 To March 1946"
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and the remaining British forces withdrew a further 100 mi (160 km) east to
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The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans Come to the Help of their Ally (1941)
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The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)
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and elements of the 7th Armoured Division. Its armoured component consisted of 29
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1012:(RAF) allocated all its fighters and a small force of bombers to the operation.
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792:, with virtually no serviceable tanks left, was also withdrawn and sent to the
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advanced, which also forced the British and Commonwealth forces into retreat.
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1250:
A Panzer II (right) and a Panzer III (left), the main tanks in use by the
889:). The 9th Australian Infantry Division fell back to the fortress port of
246:
49:
The Egyptian and Libyan border over which Operation Brevity was conducted.
5830:
5816:
5478:
4147:
3968:
3953:
3307:
2847:
1634:
1280:
1103:
1047:
907:
868:
641:
598:
44:
2656:. The Crucible of War. Vol. I (new ed.). Weidenfeld Military.
2116:
2026:
1810:
1682:
1301:
ground was overrun, and with no anti-tank support more capable than the
5185:
4938:
4917:
3803:
3136:
3064:
2249:
1735:
1574:
1489:
1382:
1225:
1171:
1035:
935:
793:
588:
5448:
4853:
4650:
4461:
4252:
4207:
1550:
1354:
1290:
1262:
1221:
1191:
753:
693:
145:
3728:
1238:
infantryâoverran the Italian positions taking around 130 prisoners.
958:
3712:
3440:
1289:
with a tank battalion from Panzer Regiment 8 and a battery of
1203:
744:
and three months later, the British and Commonwealth troops of the
1348:
Pencil drawing of Halfaya Pass by New Zealand artist, Jack Crippen
1246:
796:
for rest and refitting. Wilson was replaced by Lieutenant-General
668:
forces in September 1940, but by February of the following year a
16:
World War II military offensive during the Western Desert Campaign
6443:
89th (Cinque Ports) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
2902:"History of the British 7th Armoured Division: Operation Brevity"
2872:
Operations in the Middle East from 7th February to 15th July 1941
2737:
Battle Honours of the British Empire and Commonwealth Land Forces
1912:
1910:
1908:
713:
6249:
4329:
2920:
1344:
1182:
1119:
1063:
920:
894:
890:
697:
645:
2718:
The DLI at War: History of the Durham Light Infantry 1939â1945
2517:
Rommel's North Africa Campaign: September 1940 â November 1942
1905:
624:
was a limited offensive conducted in mid-May 1941, during the
4517:
2612:
The Longest Siege: Tobruk, the Battle that Saved North Africa
1876:
1711:
2206:
1186:
Fort Capuzzo, the focal point of much of the day's fighting.
1156:, supported by anti-tank guns, under the command of Colonel
6438:
51st (London) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
2631:
Eighth Army: From the Western Desert to the Alps, 1939â1945
1966:
1964:
1927:
1925:
2315:
2313:
1983:
1981:
1979:
6594:
Land battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
2696:
2670:
2397:
2367:
2355:
2331:
2200:
2125:
2050:
2048:
2039:
1949:
1816:
1792:
1741:
1705:
1676:
1640:
1580:
1556:
1544:
2237:
2182:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2143:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2014:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1961:
1922:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1762:
1658:
2310:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2106:
2104:
1976:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1827:
1825:
1752:
1750:
962:
The battlefield over which Operation Brevity was fought
640:, Brevity was intended to be a rapid blow against weak
3582:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
2045:
6604:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
2373:
2155:
2060:
1993:
1849:
1837:
1723:
831:
to North Africa. From February 1941 until early May,
632:. Conceived by the commander-in-chief of the British
2385:
2294:
Cenni storici e normativa dell'onorificenza (1941).
2218:
2131:
2101:
2089:
1937:
1888:
1822:
1798:
1747:
1646:
1622:
1586:
927:. Rommel garrisoned these positions, reinforced the
6422:
Artillery: (some original units, some replacements)
2536:
The Rifle Brigade in the Second World War 1939â1945
2337:
2270:"Italians' Bravery Praised By Nazi Chief in Africa"
1774:
1598:
1042:On the desert flank to the south, the 7th Armoured
819:
Mk II armoured car, as operated by the 11th Hussars
6448:13th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery
6248:
2649:
2519:. Great Campaigns (rev. ed.). Da Capo Press.
1610:
1562:
1444:List of Italian military equipment in World War II
1434:List of British military equipment of World War II
1439:List of German military equipment of World War II
6555:
2794:Faithful: The Story of the Durham Light Infantry
2514:
2267:
1916:
845:to reinforce their Italian allies. Commanded by
1211:, the battalion's first decoration of the war.
934:The Tobruk garrison received supplies from the
2887:(Supplement). 2 July 1946. pp. 3423â3444.
2515:Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1999) .
2462:The Encyclopedia of Code Names of World War II
1293:, and additional reinforcements under General
988:Operation Brevity would be carried out by the
6234:
2936:
2554:
2212:
1268:
1161:
1148:
1101:
672:had advanced well into Libya, destroying the
262:
1520:, 82 Cruiser tanks (including 50 of the new
1330:
1291:88 mm (3.46 in) anti-aircraft guns
1284:
1260:
1254:during 1941, advance across the open desert.
1123:
1109:
1091:
603:
6589:Battles of World War II involving Australia
6401:Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade
276:
6433:4th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)
6241:
6227:
2943:
2929:
901:. With the main Axis force conducting the
269:
255:
2845:
2791:
2628:
2421:Bauer, Eddy (2000) . Young, Peter (ed.).
2319:
2243:
1970:
150:
6541:90th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
2877:
2796:. Uckfield: Naval & Military Press.
2720:. Uckfield: Naval & Military Press.
2533:
2054:
1343:
1316:
1245:
1181:
1025:
957:
915:continued to press eastwards. Capturing
810:
6599:Battles of World War II involving Italy
6406:70th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
2819:
2590:
2555:Howard, Michael; Sparrow, John (1951).
2495:
2008:
1931:
1858:
1768:
1664:
1321:British troops captured by the Italians
972:âthe commander-in-chief of the British
164:
6556:
6411:16th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
4797:
4775:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2866:
2792:Ward, S. G. P.; Poett, Nigel (2005) .
2753:
2734:
2715:
2478:
2464:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
2439:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2164:
2071:
1987:
1843:
1729:
1628:
1592:
1170:could not penetrate the armour of the
6222:
5646:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
5078:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4724:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4680:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3778:Rape during the occupation of Germany
2924:
2775:
2609:
2571:
2459:
2447:. British Battles. London: Batsford.
2420:
2255:
2231:
2188:
2176:
2149:
2137:
2110:
2095:
2083:
2020:
1955:
1943:
1899:
1882:
1870:
1831:
1804:
1780:
1756:
1717:
1652:
1616:
1604:
1568:
1312:
1054:, the cruiser tanks of 2RTR, and the
748:began a counter-offensive, codenamed
732:In early September 1940, the Italian
250:
6396:Czechoslovak 11th Infantry Battalion
4768:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3793:Rape during the liberation of France
2899:
2757:(1982) . Liddell Hart, Basil (ed.).
2647:
2343:
2559:. London: Oxford University Press.
1297:were despatched the following day.
931:and ordered it onto the defensive.
13:
6512:101st Motorized Division "Trieste"
6428:1st Regiment Royal Horse Artillery
4994:German invasion of the Netherlands
3267:Weather events during World War II
2812:
2739:. Marlborough: The Crowood Press.
2593:Tobruk 1941: Rommel's Opening Move
2268:The United Press (5 August 1941).
1510:The convoy lost 57 tanks when the
14:
6620:
5625:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
2893:
1547:, pp. 362â366, 371â376, 289.
1424:Operation Brevity order of battle
1241:
1232:
954:Operation Brevity order of battle
829:102nd Motorized Division "Trento"
6533:21st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
6528:15th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)
6185:
2950:
2854:. Aldershot: Gale & Polden.
2672:Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.
2557:The Coldstream Guards, 1920â1946
2425:(rev. ed.). London: Orbis.
1214:
1137:
166:
152:
138:
126:
43:
6496:55th Infantry Division "Savona"
6488:132nd Armored Division "Ariete"
2874:. Wavell's Official Despatches.
2666:– via Archive Foundation.
2287:
2261:
1504:
1495:
1470:
1461:
1429:North African campaign timeline
1361:On 5 August, Herff praised the
1122:from the garrison and to order
983:
825:132nd Armored Division "Ariete"
6504:61st Infantry Division "Sirte"
5872:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
3575:Territorial changes of Germany
3483:Indonesian National Revolution
2534:Hastings, R. H. W. S. (1950).
2500:. Naval & Military Press.
1295:Hans-Karl Freiherr von Esebeck
835:saw the arrival of the German
220:Elements of several battalions
1:
6536:Originally 5th Light Division
6319:(December 1940-February 1941)
6304:Allied campaigns and offences
5272:Japanese invasion of Thailand
5223:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4987:German invasion of Luxembourg
3361:Mediterranean and Middle East
2413:
2298:. Presidenza Della Repubblica
1375:Gold Medal of Military Valour
1369:, a platoon commander in the
1090:The main Axis opposition was
1085:
1078:, and the 8th Field Regiment
727:
6460:Eighth Army (United Kingdom)
5179:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4868:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
4179:Independent State of Croatia
2358:, pp. 1â2, 32, 163â164.
1917:Greene & Massignani 1999
1339:
7:
6163:End of World War II in Asia
6003:Western invasion of Germany
5510:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
5487:Second Battle of El Alamein
5057:Hundred Regiments Offensive
5029:Battle of the Mediterranean
4882:Italian invasion of Albania
3049:Air warfare of World War II
2460:Chant, Christopher (1986).
2423:The History of World War II
1476:The cruiser tanks were six
1417:
724:, a German counter-attack.
10:
6625:
6089:Naval bombardment of Japan
5457:First Battle of El Alamein
5376:Battle of Christmas Island
5321:Japanese invasion of Burma
5085:Italian invasion of Greece
5001:German invasion of Belgium
4973:German invasion of Denmark
4946:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
4815:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
3072:Comparative military ranks
2735:Rodger, Alexander (2003).
2498:The Scots Guards 1919â1955
2483:. London: Michael Joseph.
951:
947:
876:General Officer Commanding
6480:
6353:
6303:
6265:British capture of Tobruk
6257:
6178:
6010:BratislavaâBrno offensive
5950:
5941:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
5678:
5565:Allied invasion of Sicily
5519:
5425:Aleutian Islands campaign
5397:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
5344:
5335:Greek famine of 1941â1944
5230:Second Battle of Changsha
5135:German invasion of Greece
5103:
4980:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
4955:
4893:
4788:
4669:
4395:
4305:
4146:
3849:
3840:
3598:
3423:
3315:North and Central Pacific
3276:
3038:
3031:
2958:
2629:Neillands, Robin (2004).
2572:Jentz, Thomas L. (1998).
2258:, War diary, 15 May 1941.
2213:Howard & Sparrow 1951
1132:
742:Italian invasion of Egypt
670:British counter-offensive
644:front-line forces in the
288:
226:
209:
180:
119:
53:
42:
30:
25:
6384:3rd Indian Motor Brigade
6379:7th Division (Australia)
6373:9th Division (Australia)
6343:(November-December 1941)
5602:Allied invasion of Italy
5579:Solomon Islands campaign
5328:Third Battle of Changsha
4925:First Battle of Changsha
4831:Second Sino-Japanese War
3764:German military brothels
3630:United States war crimes
2820:Maughan, Barton (1966).
2576:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer.
2496:Erskine, David (2001) .
1885:, pp. 131â133, 142.
1720:, pp. 128â129, 131.
1449:
1373:, received a posthumous
1371:8th Bersaglieri Regiment
774:2nd New Zealand Division
594:3rd Indian Motor Brigade
280:Western Desert Campaign
6579:Western Desert campaign
6416:4th Royal Tank Regiment
6311:Western Desert campaign
6252:in the Second World War
6024:Second Guangxi campaign
5879:Philippines (1944â1945)
5383:Battle of the Coral Sea
5286:Fall of the Philippines
4932:Battle of South Guangxi
4838:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
4237:Italian Social Republic
2716:Rissik, David (2004) .
2479:Clarke, Dudley (1952).
1006:4th Royal Tank Regiment
998:2nd Royal Tank Regiment
911:) commanded by Colonel
879:British Troops in Egypt
806:9th Australian Division
780:when they were sent to
778:6th Australian Division
626:Western Desert Campaign
33:Western Desert Campaign
6574:Tobruk in World War II
6292:Axis capture of Tobruk
6258:Fighting around Tobruk
5609:Armistice of Cassibile
5411:Battle of Dutch Harbor
5362:Battle of the Java Sea
5265:Attack on Pearl Harbor
5165:SyriaâLebanon campaign
5158:Battle of South Shanxi
5128:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4911:Battle of the Atlantic
4525:Korean Liberation Army
4231:(until September 1943)
4188:(until September 1944)
4166:(until September 1944)
2648:Pitt, Barrie (2001) .
2610:Lyman, Robert (2009).
1349:
1331:
1322:
1285:
1283:was sent to reinforce
1269:
1261:
1255:
1187:
1177:Iron Cross First Class
1162:
1149:
1124:
1110:
1102:
1092:
1039:
963:
854:and consisting of the
823:The Italians sent the
820:
604:
181:Commanders and leaders
71:EgyptianâLibyan border
6584:Egypt in World War II
6354:Allied units involved
6276:(April-November 1941)
5773:Second Battle of Guam
5669:Bengal famine of 1943
5639:Second Battle of Kiev
5595:Battle of the Dnieper
5300:Battle of Wake Island
5172:East African campaign
5114:Battle of South Henan
4759:atrocities by Germans
4532:Korean Volunteer Army
3506:Occupation of Germany
3260:Music in World War II
2823:Tobruk and El Alamein
2614:. London: Macmillan.
2591:Latimer, Jon (2001).
2244:Ward & Poett 2005
1971:Ward & Poett 2005
1347:
1332:Kampfgruppe von Herff
1320:
1286:Kampfgruppe von Herff
1249:
1185:
1125:Kampfgruppe von Herff
1093:Kampfgruppe von Herff
1068:Durham Light Infantry
1029:
961:
952:Further information:
905:a small battlegroup (
887:Noel Beresford-Peirse
833:Operation Sonnenblume
814:
802:2nd Armoured Division
790:7th Armoured Division
770:Henry Maitland Wilson
606:Sonderkommando Blaich
227:Casualties and losses
215:3 infantry battalions
92:31.58083°N 25.05222°E
6465:Tobruk Ferry Service
6059:Surrender of Germany
5537:Battle of West Hubei
5494:Guadalcanal campaign
5464:Battle of Stalingrad
5390:Battle of Madagascar
4157:Albania protectorate
3944:(formerly Swaziland)
3653:Wehrmacht war crimes
3469:Expulsion of Germans
3253:Art and World War II
3151:British contribution
3100:Governments in exile
2908:on 29 September 2007
2368:Playfair et al. 2004
2356:Playfair et al. 2004
2334:, pp. 116, 119.
2332:Playfair et al. 2004
2203:, pp. 159, 162.
2201:Playfair et al. 2004
2126:Playfair et al. 2004
2040:Playfair et al. 2004
1958:, pp. 134, 137.
1817:Playfair et al. 2004
1793:Playfair et al. 2004
1742:Playfair et al. 2004
1706:Playfair et al. 2004
1677:Playfair et al. 2004
1641:Playfair et al. 2004
1581:Playfair et al. 2004
1557:Playfair et al. 2004
1545:Playfair et al. 2004
1303:Boys anti-tank rifle
1168:47 mm anti-tank guns
1116:capture Sidi Barrani
913:Maximilian von Herff
881:âLieutenant-General
860:15th Panzer Division
746:Western Desert Force
717:Maximilian von Herff
236:6 aircraft destroyed
200:Maximilian von Herff
6481:Axis units involved
6470:Scrap Iron Flotilla
6390:Replacement units:
6332:Operation Battleaxe
6149:Potsdam Declaration
6038:Italy (Spring 1945)
5801:Liberation of Paris
5258:Siege of Sevastopol
4269:(until August 1944)
4172:Wang Jingwei regime
3994:from September 1943
3954:from September 1944
3892:from September 1944
3752:Romanian war crimes
3743:Persecution of Jews
3729:Croatian war crimes
3699:Japanese war crimes
3513:Occupation of Japan
3462:First Indochina War
3174:Military production
3086:Declarations of war
2406:, pp. 136â137.
2370:, pp. 163â164.
2191:, pp. 141â142.
2179:, pp. 140â141.
2152:, pp. 139â140.
2086:, pp. 132â133.
2023:, pp. 136â138.
1873:, pp. 128â129.
1795:, pp. 159â160.
1518:Mark VI light tanks
990:22nd Guards Brigade
978:Operation Battleaxe
974:Middle East Command
634:Middle East Command
553:Associated articles
88: /
6361:The Rats of Tobruk
6340:Operation Crusader
6142:Surrender of Japan
5975:Battle of Iwo Jima
5824:Belgrade offensive
5237:Siege of Leningrad
5121:Battle of Shanggao
5050:British Somaliland
5015:Dunkirk evacuation
4966:Norwegian campaign
4904:Invasion of Poland
4731:Japanese prisoners
3692:Italian war crimes
3623:British war crimes
3538:Soviet occupations
3322:South-West Pacific
3209:Allied cooperation
3167:Military equipment
2884:The London Gazette
2595:. Oxford: Osprey.
2274:The New York Times
1412:Operation Skorpion
1350:
1323:
1313:British withdrawal
1278:Lieutenant-Colonel
1256:
1200:Universal Carriers
1188:
1070:and 2nd Battalion
1040:
964:
899:EgyptâLibya border
821:
772:, followed by the
766:Lieutenant-General
722:Operation Skorpion
674:Italian Tenth Army
97:31.58083; 25.05222
6564:Conflicts in 1941
6551:
6550:
6537:
6524:
6516:
6508:
6500:
6492:
6344:
6336:
6328:
6324:Operation Brevity
6320:
6316:Operation Compass
6296:
6286:
6281:Twin Pimples raid
6277:
6269:
6216:
6215:
6174:
6173:
6017:Battle of Okinawa
5916:Burma (1944â1945)
5750:Mariana and Palau
5530:Tunisian campaign
5355:Fall of Singapore
5279:Fall of Hong Kong
5022:Battle of Britain
4875:Operation Himmler
4784:
4783:
4448:Dutch East Indies
4084:Southern Rhodesia
3836:
3835:
3736:Genocide of Serbs
3639:German war crimes
3616:Soviet war crimes
3609:Allied war crimes
3455:Division of Korea
3434:Chinese Civil War
3232:Strategic bombing
3144:Manhattan Project
2900:Paterson, Ian A.
2868:Wavell, Archibald
2848:Deeds, William F.
2761:. Da Capo Press.
2759:The Rommel Papers
2621:978-0-230-71024-5
2540:Gale & Polden
2526:978-1-580-97018-1
1990:, pp. 56â57.
1934:, pp. 78â79.
1771:, pp. 48â64.
1679:, pp. 33â35.
1667:, pp. 43â45.
1643:, pp. 19â40.
1379:Winston Churchill
1271:Regia Aeronautica
1076:The Rifle Brigade
1052:7th Support Group
1034:(foreground) and
817:Marmon-Herrington
750:Operation Compass
622:Operation Brevity
616:
615:
296:Invasion of Egypt
245:
244:
241:3 tanks destroyed
234:5 tanks destroyed
115:
114:
26:Operation Brevity
6616:
6535:
6522:
6514:
6506:
6498:
6490:
6367:Original units:
6342:
6334:
6326:
6318:
6294:
6284:
6275:
6267:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6220:
6219:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6192:World portal
6190:
6189:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6052:Prague offensive
6047:
6045:Battle of Berlin
6040:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5989:Vienna offensive
5984:
5977:
5970:
5968:Battle of Manila
5963:
5943:
5934:
5925:
5918:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5858:
5849:
5842:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5803:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5761:
5752:
5745:
5736:
5727:
5718:
5711:
5709:KorsunâCherkassy
5704:
5693:
5671:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5551:Bombing of Gorky
5546:
5539:
5532:
5512:
5505:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5418:Battle of Midway
5413:
5406:
5404:Battle of Gazala
5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5314:Battle of Borneo
5309:
5307:Malayan campaign
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5251:Bombing of Gorky
5246:
5244:Battle of Moscow
5239:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5096:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5008:Battle of France
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4861:Munich Agreement
4856:
4849:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4817:
4810:
4795:
4794:
4777:
4770:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4746:Soviet prisoners
4740:
4733:
4726:
4717:
4710:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4686:German prisoners
4682:
4662:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4217:
4215:French Indochina
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4159:
4139:
4130:
4123:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4062:from August 1944
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3945:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3847:
3846:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3788:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3754:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3706:Nanjing Massacre
3701:
3694:
3685:
3683:Nuremberg trials
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3524:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3416:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3287:Asia and Pacific
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3218:
3216:Mulberry harbour
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3058:
3051:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3017:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2904:. Archived from
2888:
2875:
2863:
2846:Wake, Hereward;
2842:
2840:
2838:
2807:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2772:
2750:
2731:
2712:
2693:
2676:Butler, J. R. M.
2667:
2655:
2652:Wavell's Command
2644:
2625:
2606:
2587:
2568:
2551:
2530:
2511:
2492:
2475:
2456:
2436:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2037:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
1991:
1985:
1974:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1903:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1525:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1334:
1288:
1274:
1266:
1220:under fire. One
1165:
1152:
1145:Hawker Hurricane
1127:
1113:
1107:
1095:
970:Archibald Wavell
883:Richard O'Connor
786:Operation Lustre
758:Battle of Greece
664:by Libyan-based
638:Archibald Wavell
630:Second World War
609:
283:
281:
271:
264:
257:
248:
247:
187:Archibald Wavell
176:
172:
170:
169:
162:
158:
156:
155:
144:
142:
141:
132:
130:
129:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
55:
54:
47:
37:Second World War
23:
22:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6613:
6609:May 1941 events
6554:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6476:
6349:
6299:
6273:Siege of Tobruk
6253:
6247:
6217:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6184:
6182:
6170:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6108:
6103:Atomic bombings
6101:
6094:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5966:
5959:
5946:
5939:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5861:
5852:
5845:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5806:
5799:
5794:Eastern Romania
5792:
5787:Warsaw Uprising
5785:
5780:Tannenberg Line
5778:
5771:
5766:Western Ukraine
5764:
5755:
5748:
5739:
5730:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5696:
5687:
5674:
5667:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5558:Battle of Kursk
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5515:
5508:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5446:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5369:St Nazaire Raid
5367:
5360:
5353:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5193:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5151:Anglo-Iraqi War
5149:
5142:Battle of Crete
5140:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5099:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5071:Eastern Romania
5069:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4889:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4813:
4806:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4757:
4750:
4745:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4713:
4706:
4697:
4690:
4685:
4678:
4665:
4658:
4649:
4642:
4637:
4632:Western Ukraine
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4576:Northeast China
4574:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4275:Slovak Republic
4273:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4246:Empire of Japan
4244:
4235:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4162:
4155:
4142:
4135:
4126:
4119:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3948:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3832:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3791:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3758:Sexual violence
3757:
3750:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3527:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3488:
3481:
3476:Greek Civil War
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3419:
3412:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3301:South-East Asia
3299:
3292:
3285:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3160:Military awards
3158:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3047:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2954:
2949:
2911:
2909:
2896:
2891:
2836:
2834:
2815:
2813:Further reading
2810:
2804:
2782:
2780:
2769:
2747:
2728:
2709:
2690:
2664:
2641:
2633:. John Murray.
2622:
2603:
2584:
2527:
2508:
2472:
2441:Carver, Michael
2433:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2296:"COVA Giacinto"
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2219:
2211:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2061:
2053:
2046:
2038:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2007:
1994:
1986:
1977:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1906:
1898:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1583:, pp. 2â5.
1579:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1420:
1342:
1315:
1244:
1235:
1217:
1140:
1135:
1088:
1080:Royal Artillery
1010:Royal Air Force
986:
956:
950:
903:siege of Tobruk
848:Generalleutnant
800:; parts of the
730:
686:Generalleutnant
660:Egypt had been
619:
618:
617:
612:
564:Devil's gardens
550:
430:2nd Bir el Gubi
420:1st Bir el Gubi
284:
279:
277:
275:
240:
239:605+ casualties
235:
233:
232:206+ casualties
221:
216:
204:Italo Gariboldi
202:
198:
189:
167:
165:
163:
153:
151:
139:
137:
136:
127:
125:
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
73:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6622:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6530:
6517:
6509:
6501:
6493:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6462:
6454:Outside units:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6364:
6363:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6337:
6329:
6321:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6270:
6268:(January 1941)
6261:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6246:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6223:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6122:
6119:South Sakhalin
6115:
6114:
6113:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5956:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5919:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5859:
5850:
5843:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5753:
5746:
5737:
5728:
5719:
5712:
5705:
5694:
5684:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5656:
5642:
5635:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5598:
5591:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5544:Battle of Attu
5540:
5533:
5525:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5506:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5435:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5350:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5293:Battle of Guam
5289:
5282:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5216:Battle of Kiev
5212:
5205:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5109:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4834:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4803:
4801:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4727:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:United Kingdom
4711:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4683:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4647:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4528:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4309:
4303:
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4300:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4263:
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4249:
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4225:
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4204:
4197:
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4152:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4133:
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4117:
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4112:British Empire
4105:United Kingdom
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3946:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3921:Czechoslovakia
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3853:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3818:Rape of Manila
3814:
3807:
3800:
3789:
3774:
3767:
3755:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3739:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3695:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3678:
3677:
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3656:
3649:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3589:United Nations
3585:
3578:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3448:Decolonization
3444:
3437:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3394:
3387:
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3371:
3357:
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3348:
3334:
3333:
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3325:
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3304:
3297:
3282:
3280:
3274:
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3271:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3220:
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3212:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3140:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3121:United Kingdom
3117:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
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2925:
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2895:
2894:External links
2892:
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2408:
2396:
2384:
2382:, p. 275.
2372:
2360:
2348:
2346:, p. 294.
2336:
2324:
2320:Neillands 2004
2309:
2286:
2260:
2248:
2246:, p. 485.
2236:
2234:, p. 142.
2217:
2215:, p. 388.
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2167:, p. 170.
2154:
2142:
2140:, p. 133.
2130:
2128:, p. 161.
2115:
2113:, p. 140.
2100:
2098:, p. 132.
2088:
2076:
2074:, p. 136.
2059:
2044:
2042:, p. 162.
2025:
2013:
1992:
1975:
1973:, p. 484.
1960:
1948:
1946:, p. 183.
1936:
1921:
1904:
1902:, p. 134.
1887:
1875:
1863:
1848:
1846:, p. 169.
1836:
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1821:
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1809:
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1797:
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1759:, p. 128.
1746:
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1732:, p. 134.
1722:
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1681:
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1645:
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1621:
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1607:, p. 121.
1597:
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1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1522:Crusader tanks
1503:
1494:
1490:Matilda Mk IIs
1469:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1388:battle honours
1341:
1338:
1314:
1311:
1243:
1242:Axis reactions
1240:
1234:
1233:Coastal column
1231:
1216:
1213:
1209:Military Medal
1202:âcommanded by
1158:Ugo Montemurro
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1087:
1084:
1038:infantry tanks
1002:infantry tanks
1000:(2RTR) and 24
985:
982:
949:
946:
874:Neame and the
740:conducted the
729:
726:
704:May Brigadier
614:
613:
611:
610:
601:
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581:
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274:
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259:
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229:
228:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
207:
206:
193:
183:
182:
178:
177:
148:
134:United Kingdom
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
69:
67:
63:
62:
61:15â16 May 1941
59:
51:
50:
40:
39:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6621:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6569:1941 in Egypt
6567:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6542:
6539:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6521:
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6409:
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6399:
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6380:
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6157:
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6143:
6139:
6134:
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6129:
6127:
6126:Kuril Islands
6123:
6120:
6116:
6111:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6086:
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5990:
5986:
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5927:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5908:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5893:Syrmian Front
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:Market Garden
5835:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
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5734:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5699:
5698:Monte Cassino
5695:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5666:
5661:
5657:
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5633:
5629:
5626:
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5615:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5588:
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5580:
5576:
5573:
5569:
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5534:
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5518:
5511:
5507:
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5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5484:
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5480:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
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5206:
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5196:
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5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5064:Baltic states
5061:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4708:United States
4705:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4644:Quáťc dân Äảng
4641:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4344:Liechtenstein
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4296:Collaboration
4293:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:United States
4118:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3811:Comfort women
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3795: /
3794:
3790:
3787:
3784: /
3783:
3780: /
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:Camp brothels
3768:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:The Holocaust
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3646:forced labour
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3499:Marshall Plan
3496:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3352:Eastern Front
3349:
3346:
3345:Western Front
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:Puppet states
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:Naval history
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3128:United States
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2876:published in
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2803:1-84574-147-1
2799:
2795:
2790:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2768:0-306-80157-4
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:Rommel, Erwin
2752:
2748:
2746:1-86126-637-5
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2727:1-84574-144-7
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2708:1-84574-066-1
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2689:1-84574-065-3
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2663:0-304-35950-5
2659:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2642:
2640:0-7195-5647-3
2636:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2602:0-275-98287-4
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2583:0-7643-0226-4
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2538:. Aldershot:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2507:1-84342-061-9
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2471:0-7102-0718-2
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2432:1-85605-552-3
2428:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2405:
2400:
2394:, p. 24.
2393:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2322:, p. 68.
2321:
2316:
2314:
2297:
2290:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2057:, p. 70.
2056:
2055:Hastings 1950
2051:
2049:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2017:
2011:, p. 79.
2010:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1919:, p. 70.
1918:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1861:, p. 78.
1860:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1789:
1783:, p. 21.
1782:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1744:, p. 41.
1743:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1619:, p. 82.
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1571:, p. 85.
1570:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:Giacinto Cova
1364:
1359:
1356:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1215:Desert column
1212:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1138:Centre column
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:armoured cars
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:Brigade group
1037:
1033:
1032:Cruiser Mk IV
1028:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:cruiser tanks
991:
981:
979:
975:
971:
968:
960:
955:
945:
942:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
877:
872:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:
849:
844:
840:
839:
834:
830:
826:
818:
813:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
725:
723:
718:
715:
711:
707:
701:
699:
695:
691:
688:
687:
682:
681:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
608:
607:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:Maletti Group
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:Frontier Wire
557:
556:
555:
554:
547:
544:
540:
539:Outpost Snipe
537:
535:
534:
530:
528:
527:
523:
522:
521:
518:
514:
513:
509:
507:
506:
502:
500:
499:
495:
494:
493:
492:
488:
486:
483:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
469:
466:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
449:
447:
446:
442:
441:
440:
439:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:
411:
410:
409:
408:
404:
402:
401:
397:
395:
394:
390:
388:
387:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
364:
363:
359:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
323:
322:
314:
311:
309:
306:
305:
304:
303:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
287:
282:
272:
267:
265:
260:
258:
253:
252:
249:
238:
231:
230:
225:
219:
214:
213:
208:
205:
201:
197:
194:
192:
188:
185:
184:
179:
175:
161:
149:
147:
135:
124:
123:
118:
110:
107:
106:
101:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
46:
41:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
6520:Afrika Korps
6453:
6452:
6421:
6420:
6389:
6388:
6366:
6365:
6323:
6200:Bibliography
6183:
5996:Project Hula
5961:VistulaâOder
5930:
5863:
5854:
5838:
5808:
5757:
5741:
5732:
5723:
5689:
5586:
5501:
5477:
5447:
5198:
5091:
5036:North Africa
4738:Soviet Union
4692:Soviet Union
4618:Soviet Union
4386:Vatican City
4289:Vichy France
4194:German Reich
4091:Soviet Union
4077:South Africa
4070:Sierra Leone
4023:Newfoundland
3842:Participants
3825:Marocchinate
3529:
3520:
3490:
3368:North Africa
3329:Indian Ocean
3188:Nazi plunder
3079:Cryptography
2952:World War II
2910:. Retrieved
2906:the original
2882:
2871:
2851:
2835:. Retrieved
2822:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2758:
2736:
2717:
2698:
2679:
2651:
2630:
2611:
2592:
2573:
2556:
2535:
2516:
2497:
2480:
2461:
2444:
2422:
2399:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2300:. Retrieved
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2273:
2263:
2251:
2239:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2145:
2133:
2091:
2079:
2016:
2009:Erskine 2001
1951:
1939:
1932:Erskine 2001
1878:
1866:
1859:Erskine 2001
1839:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1769:Latimer 2001
1764:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1672:
1665:Latimer 2001
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1559:, p. 2.
1552:
1540:
1511:
1506:
1497:
1480:, seventeen
1472:
1463:
1408:
1396:
1392:Halfaya 1941
1391:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1328:
1324:
1307:
1299:
1257:
1252:Afrika Korps
1251:
1236:
1218:
1207:awarded the
1197:
1189:
1166:found their
1141:
1111:Afrika Korps
1097:
1089:
1072:Scots Guards
1060:11th Hussars
1048:Jock columns
1041:
1017:William Gott
1008:(4RTR). The
987:
984:Allied force
965:
933:
928:
925:Halfaya Pass
917:Fort Capuzzo
906:
873:
864:Afrika Korps
863:
852:Erwin Rommel
846:
838:Afrika Korps
836:
822:
798:Philip Neame
731:
710:Halfaya Pass
706:William Gott
702:
690:Erwin Rommel
684:
680:Afrika Korps
678:
659:
621:
620:
584:Babini Group
569:Fort Capuzzo
552:
551:
532:
525:
511:
504:
497:
490:
478:Sidi Haneish
468:Mersa Matruh
444:
437:
436:
413:
406:
399:
392:
385:
384:
378:Twin Pimples
368:Tobruk siege
361:
320:
319:
313:Sidi Barrani
301:
290:
196:Erwin Rommel
191:William Gott
120:Belligerents
111:Inconclusive
31:Part of the
18:
6375:(main unit)
6335:(June 1941)
6295:(June 1942)
6285:(July 1941)
5931:Bodenplatte
5817:Gothic Line
5043:West Africa
4590:Philippines
4569:Netherlands
4434:Czech lands
4372:Switzerland
4316:Afghanistan
4260:Philippines
4128:Puerto Rico
4044:Philippines
4030:New Zealand
4016:Netherlands
3969:Free France
3720:Prosecution
3521:Osoaviakhim
3391:West Africa
3375:East Africa
3022:Conferences
2879:"No. 37638"
2837:26 December
2404:Rommel 1982
2392:Carver 1964
2380:Rodger 2003
2279:16 February
2165:Clarke 1952
2072:Rommel 1982
1988:Rissik 2004
1844:Clarke 1952
1730:Rommel 1982
1629:Rommel 1982
1593:Rommel 1982
1513:Empire Song
1363:Bersaglieri
1281:Hans Cramer
1163:Bersaglieri
1150:Bersaglieri
1104:Bersaglieri
929:Kampfgruppe
908:Kampfgruppe
869:Axis forces
599:Baggush Box
520:2nd Alamein
473:1st Alamein
461:Tobruk 1942
362:Sonnenblume
334:Tobruk 1941
222:30â50 tanks
95: /
6558:Categories
6327:(May 1941)
6031:West Hunan
5864:Pointblank
5200:Silver Fox
5186:Summer War
4939:Winter War
4918:Phoney War
4699:Azerbaijan
4660:Yugoslavia
4555:Luxembourg
4397:Resistance
4137:Yugoslavia
4002:Luxembourg
3804:Sook Ching
3600:War crimes
3202:Technology
3195:Opposition
3137:Lend-Lease
3114:Australian
3107:Home front
3065:Blitzkrieg
3015:Casualties
3006:Commanders
2978:Operations
2414:References
2302:2 February
2256:11thH 1941
2232:Jentz 1998
2189:Jentz 1998
2177:Jentz 1998
2150:Jentz 1998
2138:Jentz 1998
2111:Jentz 1998
2096:Jentz 1998
2084:Jentz 1998
2021:Jentz 1998
1956:Jentz 1998
1944:Lyman 2009
1900:Jentz 1998
1883:Jentz 1998
1871:Jentz 1998
1832:Jentz 1998
1805:Jentz 1998
1781:Chant 1986
1757:Jentz 1998
1718:Jentz 1998
1653:Jentz 1998
1617:Jentz 1998
1605:Bauer 2000
1569:Jentz 1998
1484:and seven
1383:Alexandria
1226:Panzer III
1086:Axis force
1050:") of the
936:Royal Navy
794:Nile Delta
762:XIII Corps
760:. Renamed
728:Background
636:, General
589:Combeforce
579:Camouflage
546:El Agheila
485:Alam Halfa
456:Bir Hakeim
373:2nd Bardia
329:1st Bardia
83:25°03â˛08âłE
80:31°34â˛51âłN
6523:(Germany)
6096:Manchuria
5982:Indochina
5758:Bagration
5209:Lithuania
4854:Anschluss
4651:Viet Minh
4548:Lithuania
4490:Hong Kong
4253:Manchukuo
4208:Azad Hind
3867:Australia
3667:Aftermath
3530:Paperclip
3425:Aftermath
3225:Total war
3093:Diplomacy
3056:In Europe
2912:3 October
2489:222891295
2453:231745159
2344:Pitt 2001
1532:Citations
1455:Footnotes
1394:in 1957.
1355:Panzer II
1340:Aftermath
1263:Luftwaffe
1222:Panzer IV
1192:hull down
1014:Brigadier
856:5th Light
754:Cyrenaica
736:based in
734:10th Army
694:Cyrenaica
491:Agreement
425:Point 175
400:Battleaxe
344:Beda Fomm
146:Australia
6207:Category
6156:document
6066:document
5923:Ardennes
5907:Budapest
5855:Crossbow
5733:Overlord
5572:Smolensk
4790:Timeline
4625:Slovakia
4611:Thailand
4462:Ethiopia
4427:Bulgaria
4351:Portugal
4282:Thailand
4164:Bulgaria
3942:Eswatini
3935:Ethiopia
3888:Bulgaria
3713:Unit 731
3674:Response
3491:Keelhaul
3441:Cold War
3414:Americas
3405:timeline
3398:Atlantic
3278:Theaters
2870:(1946).
2850:(1949).
2443:(1964).
1418:See also
1267:and the
1204:Sergeant
1030:British
815:British
776:and the
533:Braganza
407:Crusader
393:Skorpion
354:Giarabub
217:53 tanks
210:Strength
66:Location
6515:(Italy)
6507:(Italy)
6499:(Italy)
6491:(Italy)
6133:Shumshu
5900:Hungary
5847:Estonia
5831:Lapland
5809:Dragoon
5742:Neptune
5724:Ichi-Go
5690:Tempest
5632:Changde
5587:Cottage
5479:Jubilee
5195:Finland
5093:Compass
4799:Prelude
4752:Finland
4638:Vietnam
4604:Romania
4476:Germany
4455:Estonia
4441:Denmark
4420:Belgium
4413:Austria
4406:Albania
4337:Ireland
4323:Andorra
4307:Neutral
4267:Romania
4201:Hungary
4186:Finland
4058:Romania
3950:Finland
3928:Denmark
3874:Belgium
3860:Algeria
3566:Romania
3552:Hungary
3308:Pacific
3032:General
2986:Leaders
2971:Battles
2964:Outline
2860:4089194
2783:1 April
2678:(ed.).
2565:9151069
2548:6190324
1486:Mk.IVAs
1482:Mk.IIAs
1404:7th RTR
1172:Matilda
1154:company
1120:sorties
1058:of the
1036:Matilda
1021:columns
1004:of the
996:of the
967:General
948:Prelude
897:on the
843:Tripoli
714:Colonel
666:Italian
662:invaded
650:Capuzzo
628:of the
526:Bertram
505:Caravan
445:Acrobat
414:Flipper
386:Brevity
339:Mechili
308:Nibeiwa
302:Compass
160:Germany
35:of the
6250:Tobruk
6110:Debate
6082:Taipei
6075:Borneo
5653:Tarawa
4847:Europe
4808:Africa
4597:Poland
4583:Norway
4562:Malaya
4541:Latvia
4483:Greece
4469:France
4365:Sweden
4330:Bhutan
4051:Poland
4037:Norway
4009:Mexico
3976:Greece
3962:France
3900:Canada
3881:Brazil
3851:Allies
3797:Serbia
3786:Poland
3559:Poland
3545:Baltic
3338:Europe
3040:Topics
2992:Allied
2858:
2832:954993
2830:
2800:
2779:. 1941
2765:
2743:
2724:
2705:
2686:
2660:
2637:
2618:
2599:
2580:
2563:
2546:
2523:
2504:
2487:
2468:
2451:
2445:Tobruk
2429:
1133:Battle
1098:Trento
1064:Musaid
941:invest
921:Bardia
895:Sollum
891:Tobruk
862:, the
788:. The
782:Greece
698:Tobruk
683:under
654:Bardia
646:Sollum
512:Nicety
498:Bigamy
451:Gazala
171:
157:
143:
131:
108:Result
5886:Leyte
5716:Narva
5702:Anzio
5660:Makin
5618:Burma
5502:Torch
5471:Rzhev
5432:Kiska
4518:Korea
4504:Japan
4497:Italy
4379:Tibet
4358:Spain
4229:Italy
3990:Italy
3983:India
3907:China
3782:Japan
3382:Italy
3294:China
3246:Women
1478:Mk.Is
1450:Notes
738:Libya
657:day.
349:Kufra
174:Italy
5952:1945
5680:1944
5521:1943
5449:Blue
5439:Attu
5346:1942
5105:1941
4957:1940
4895:1939
4824:Asia
4671:POWs
4511:Jews
4222:Iraq
4148:Axis
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3914:Cuba
2999:Axis
2914:2008
2856:OCLC
2839:2015
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2304:2015
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1402:and
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858:and
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768:Sir
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438:1942
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291:1940
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