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1542:(between two and five kilometres behind the German frontline) and to Kleve; and Kleve to Goch, along the eastern edge of the Reichswald. The lack of suitable roads was made worse by the soft ground conditions and the deliberate flooding of the flood plains, which necessitated the use of amphibious vehicles. The few good roads were rapidly damaged and broken up by the constant heavy traffic that they had to carry during the assaults.
1435:
1204:, the local German commander, strongly disagreed, believing, correctly, that the Reichswald was the more likely route. He acted against the assessments of his superiors and therefore ensured that the area was well fortified, strengthened the Siegfried Line defences and quietly moved some of his reserves to be nearer this line of attack which meant that fresh and hardened troops were readily available to him.
1006:'s U.S. Ninth Army. The operation had complications. First, the heavily forested terrain, squeezed between the Rhine and Maas rivers, reduced Anglo-Canadian advantages in manpower and armour; the situation was exacerbated by soft ground which had thawed after the winter and also by the deliberate flooding of the adjacent Rhine
1614:. Men were literally deafened for hours by the noise of 1,034 guns. It was hoped that this would not only destroy the German defences throughout the Reichswald but also destroy the defenders' morale and their will to fight. Air raids were also undertaken to isolate the battle area from further reinforcement.
1803:
First
Canadian Army losses from "8 February ... ... 10 March were ... 1,049 officers and 14,585 other ranks; the majority of these were British soldiers". Canadian losses amounted to 379 officers and 4,925 other ranks, the vast majority being lost during Operation Blockbuster. Total allied losses in
1681:
amphibious vehicles to move through the flooded areas; the water rendered the German field defences and minefields ineffective and isolated their units on islands where they could be picked off, one by one. XXX Corps had rehearsed forest warfare tactics and were able to bring armour forward with them
1813:
Canadian First Army captured 22,239 prisoners during the operation, and the intelligence section estimated the number of German soldiers killed or made "long-term wounded" to have amounted to 22,000 men. In conjunction with
Operation Grenade, the combined allied effort inflicted approximately 90,000
1740:
After the war, Eisenhower commented this "was some of the fiercest fighting of the whole war" and "a bitter slugging match in which the enemy had to be forced back yard by yard". Montgomery wrote "the enemy parachute troops fought with a fanaticism un-excelled at any time in the war" and "the volume
1724:
By the time the waters from the Roer dams had subsided and the US 9th Army crossed the Roer on 23 February, other Allied forces were also close to the Rhine's west bank. Rundstedt's divisions which had remained on the west bank of the Rhine were cut to pieces in the
Rhineland and 230,000 men were
1566:
Preparations for the operations were complicated by the poor condition of the few routes into the concentration area, its small size, the need to maintain surprise and, therefore, the need to conceal the movements of men and materiel. A new rail bridge was constructed that extended rail access to
1525:
The
Reichswald is a forest close to the Dutch/German border. The Rhine flood plain, 2â3 miles (3.2â4.8 km) wide (and which, at the time of the operation, had been allowed to flood after a wet winter), is the northern boundary of the area and the Maas flood plain is the southern boundary. The
1634:
east of
Nijmegen, but Operation Grenade had to be postponed for two weeks when the Germans released the waters from the Roer dams and river levels rose. The U.S. Ninth Army was unable to move and no military actions could proceed across the Roer until the water subsided. During the two weeks of
1617:
Operation
Veritable began on 8 February 1945, at 10:30 five infantry divisions, 50,000 men with 500 tanks, attacked in line â respectively from the north, the 3rd and 2nd Canadian, the 15th (Scottish) in the center and the 53rd (Welsh) and 51st (Highland) on the right. The next day the Germans
1609:
The operation started as an infantry frontal assault, with armoured support, against prepared positions, in terrain that favoured the defenders. On 7 February more than 750 RAF heavy bombers deluged Kleve and Goch with high explosive. In order to reduce the defenders' advantages, a large scale
1221:
in
Normandy. It was augmented by the well-equipped Luftwaffe 2nd Parachute Regiment, which was placed between the western tip of the Reichswald and the Maas. Two regiments, 1062nd Grenadier Regiment and 1051st Grenadier Regiment, covered the edge of the forest facing the Allies and the 1052nd
1716:
Once the
Reichswald had been taken, the Allied forces paused to regroup before continuing their advance towards the Hochwald (High Forest) ridge, plus Xanten to the east of it, and the US 9th Army. This stage was Operation Blockbuster. As planned, it would start on 22 February when the 15th
1721:; two days later, the 53rd (Welsh) Division would advance southwards from Goch, take Weeze, and continue south-westward. Finally, the II Canadian Corps would launch, on 26 February, the operation intended to overcome the German defences based on the Hochwald and then exploit to Xanten.
1526:
Reichswald ridge is a glacial remnant which, when wet, easily turns to mud. At the time of the operation, the ground had thawed and was largely unsuitable for wheeled and tracked vehicles. These conditions caused breakdowns to a significant number of tanks.
1529:
Routes through the forest were a problem for the Allies, both during their advance through the forest and later for supply and reinforcements. The only main roads passed to the north (Nijmegen to Kleve) and south (Mook to Goch) of the forest - no eastâwest
1639:
to withdraw east behind the Rhine, arguing that it would only delay the inevitable fight. Von
Rundstedt was ordered to fight where his forces stood. The imposed US standstill allowed German forces to be concentrated against the Anglo-Canadian assault.
1222:
Grenadier
Regiment defended the Rhine flood plain on the German right. Two more, ineffective, units were held in the rear area: the Sicherungs Battalion MĂźnster (a small unit of elderly men used to guard static installations) and the 276th
1549:
to the Maas along the western edge of the Reichswald, manned by the 84th Division and the 1st Parachute Regiment; this was a "trip-wire" line intended only to delay an assault and alert the main forces. The second, beyond the forest, was
1947:
from controlling the remaining crews bombing accurately. The attack on Kleve had been offered to Horrocks by the RAF. He had accepted the offer, and was later to state it was "the most terrible decision I had ever taken in my
1622:
dam, sending water surging down the valley, and irreparably jammed the sluices to ensure a steady flow for many days. The next day they added to the flooding by doing the same to dams further upstream on the Roer and the
954:
was brought forward and allocated to the First Canadian Army. British XXX Corps was attached to the Canadians for the operation and the date was provisionally set as 1 January 1945. At this point, the name
1975:
1589:
The breaching of the enemy's second defensive system east and south-east of the Reichswald, the capture of the localities Weeze-Uedem-Kalkar-Emmerich and the securing of the communications between them.
3408:
383:
1068:
during the previous autumn. It was, numerically, the smallest of the Allied armies in northern Europe and, despite its name, contained significant British units as part of its structure. For
877:, in amphibious vehicles, cleared German positions in the flooded Rhine plain. The Allied advance proceeded more slowly than expected and at greater cost as the American southern pincer,
3398:
3023:
637:
3082:
2549:
985:. It was part of Eisenhower's "broad front" strategy to occupy the entire west bank of the Rhine before crossing the river. The Allied expectation was that the northern end of the
1682:(despite a high rate of damage due to the natural conditions combined with the age of the tanks). The German defences had not anticipated such tactics, so these tanks, including
1643:
At first, XXX Corps made rapid progress across most of its front but after the first day, German reinforcements appeared and violent clashes were reported with a regiment of the
1571:
and roads were repaired and maintained. Elaborate and strict restrictions were placed on air and daytime land movements; troop concentrations and storage dumps were camouflaged.
3403:
981:
The objective of the operation was to clear German forces from the area between the Rhine and Maas rivers, east of the Netherlands (Dutch) / German (Deutsch) frontier, in the
1674:
and Xanten. XXX Corps was to operate on the right and take Goch before swinging towards the Rhine and linking with the Americans â once Operation Grenade had been launched.
2318:
599:
376:
922:, the Allied Commander, had decided that the best route into Germany would be across the relatively flat lands of northern Europe, taking the industrial heartland of the
604:
2852:
2645:
2559:
989:
was less well defended than elsewhere and an outflanking movement around the line was possible and would allow an early assault against the Ruhr industrial region.
950:, in Netherlands' Limburg, on 7 December 1944 between Allied generals, to consider ways of maintaining pressure on the Germans throughout the winter. Consequently,
572:
2513:
3107:
2836:
369:
2544:
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and the US advance. The whole battle area was between the Rhine and Maas rivers, initially through the Reichswald and then across rolling agricultural country.
630:
2761:
2728:
926:. This first required that Allied forces should close up to the Rhine along its whole length. Montgomery's 21st Army Group had established a front along the
577:
2066:
552:
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185:
946:) - an assault south-eastwards from Nijmegen between the Rhine and Maas rivers, initially had been shelved by Montgomery. A conference was convened at
904:
on 4 March after the execution of Operation Grenade. Fighting continued as the Germans sought to retain a bridgehead on the west bank of the Rhine at
3393:
2360:
1737:
conducted a review of its own part in the forest phase of the battle, in order to highlight the experiences of the armoured units and learn lessons.
1666:
was directed to Kleve and the Reichswald. On 11 February the 15th had cleared the town. Having expanded the front line to 14 miles (23 km), the
1337:
623:
2508:
1655:. With only one road available, units of the 43rd, 15th and Canadian divisions became inextricably mixed in a column 10 miles (16 km) long.
3433:
2441:
2432:
1196:
were that an Allied advance through the Reichswald would be too difficult and the expected assault would be by the British Second Army from the
2270:
2106:
1647:
and armored detachments. Horrocks ordered the 43rd (Wessex) Division to advance past Kleve into the German rear. This resulted in the greatest
1351:
2144:
Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War: Volume III. The Victory Campaign: The operations in North-West Europe 1944â1945
1072:, it was further strengthened by XXX Corps. At the start of the operation, Allied deployment was, from left to right across the Allied front:
3127:
3112:
3050:
2518:
2977:
2972:
2967:
1943:
Groups. The attack on Goch was stopped after 155 aircraft had bombed as the smoke from the resulting fires on the ground was stopping the
3478:
2830:
2501:
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908:
and evacuate as many men and as much equipment as possible. On 10 March the German withdrawal ended and the last bridges were destroyed.
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2539:
2446:
647:
3453:
3018:
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63:
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70:
44:
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3075:
2987:
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The 'break-through' of the Hochwald 'lay-back' defence lines and the advance to secure the general line Geldern-Xanten."
1032:
2899:
2674:
2427:
2263:
1539:
1154:
1000:
796:
393:
134:
1658:
The 15th Division had orders to capture Kleve, but on the night of 9 February they were held up on the outskirts. The
1345:
A possible reserve formation, according to Allied assessments, that might be in place within six hours of the assault.
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3035:
2795:
2773:
2345:
2122:
1969:
1959:
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448:
110:
77:
1670:, with the 2nd and 3rd Divisions and the 4th Armoured Division, became responsible for the drive along the Rhine to
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1627:. The river rose at two feet an hour and the valley downstream to the Maas stayed flooded for about two weeks.
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1125:
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503:
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and the 15th Panzer Grenadier, were at just over 50 per cent strength with no more than 90 tanks between them.
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2256:
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801:
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Elements in reserve at Geldern, as a result of Schlemm's expectation of an offensive through the Reichswald.
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138:
1741:
of fire from enemy weapons was the heaviest which had so far been met by British troops in the campaign."
530:
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1611:
1229:, whose personnel had chronic digestive ailments that made them unsuited for active roles in the defence.
1043:
849:
743:
2578:
2155:
1700:
1601:
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856:
766:
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562:
540:
525:
1061:, would advance through the Reichswald Forest and its adjacent flood plains to the Kleve â Goch road.
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2962:
2812:
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2628:
2395:
2365:
791:
3463:
3423:
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2801:
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2734:
2606:
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2187:
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1379:
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482:
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2710:
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2400:
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1383:
935:
916:
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689:
535:
84:
37:
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1630:
XXX Corps advanced with heavy fighting along the narrow neck of land between the Meuse and the
1605:
British infantrymen advance through the Reichswald during Operation Veritable, 8 February 1945.
1249:
823:
587:
2063:"REPORT ON 34 ARMOURED BRIGADE OPERATIONS: The Reichswald Forest Phase, 8 to 17 February 1945"
978:
or the Ardennes Offensive) and the advantages to the Allies of hard, frozen ground were lost.
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3255:
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in late 1944 and had also considered several offensive operations to enlarge and defend the
3285:
3243:
3102:
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2906:
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2616:
2279:
1928:
1003:
919:
557:
471:
2188:"The Battle of the Rhineland; Part II: Operation "Blockbuster", 22 Februaryâ10 March 1945"
8:
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3065:
2722:
2567:
2350:
2233:
1734:
1683:
1217:
This was an inexperienced and under-equipped division re-formed after its destruction at
1183:) â transferred across the Maas from the British Second Army as the operation progressed.
1173:(Brigadier H. J. B. Cracroft) â Part of XXX Corps' reserve at the start of the operation.
1039:
975:
845:
773:
760:
684:
515:
497:
414:
408:
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286:
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1965:
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427:
361:
178:
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that took place between 8 February and 11 March 1945 during the final stages of the
3237:
3225:
3213:
3176:
3122:
2864:
1936:
1582:
The clearing of the Reichswald and the securing of the line Gennep-Asperden-Cleve.
1287:
1258:
1223:
738:
567:
546:
489:
1057:(one of two such formations in the First Canadian Army), under Lieutenant-General
881:, was delayed by the deliberate flooding of the Ruhr River by German forces under
869:
was the northern pincer movement and started with XXX Corps advancing through the
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3357:
3350:
3231:
3219:
3192:
3155:
3117:
3028:
2638:
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2355:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1534:
route passed through it. There were three northâsouth routes: two radiating from
1270:
1024:
841:
826:
754:
509:
2172:"The Battle of the Rhineland: Part I: Operation "Veritable", 8â21 February 1945"
3473:
3273:
2650:
1912:
1709:
1705:
1652:
1218:
1201:
1058:
986:
882:
860:
320:
308:
303:
281:
242:
3387:
3336:
2783:
2601:
1944:
1755:
1551:
1113:
1080:
1035:
970:
was delayed by the diversion of forces to stem the German attack through the
779:
200:
187:
3331:
2687:
2238:
1631:
1209:
1046:
852:
830:
615:
315:
297:
267:
1610:
artillery bombardment was employed, the biggest British barrage since the
885:, which allowed them to be concentrated against the Commonwealth advance.
2657:
1240:
1164:
1083:
1064:
The First Canadian Army had had a severe time clearing the approaches to
1007:
520:
3307:
2572:
2248:
2046:
Operation Veritable: A dirty slogging-match in the mud of the Rhineland
2033:
Operation Veritable: A dirty slogging-match in the mud of the Rhineland
2020:
Operation Veritable: A dirty slogging-match in the mud of the Rhineland
1998:
Operation Veritable: A dirty slogging-match in the mud of the Rhineland
1531:
1139:
947:
934:, Gelderland bridgehead and its important bridges (captured during the
927:
2922:
2208:
1751:
1507:
1502:
launchers in preparation for the offensive in the Reichswald, Germany
982:
1804:
Operations Veritable/Blockbuster and Grenade amounted to 22,934 men.
1463:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1368:
1313:
995:
was the northern arm of a pincer movement. The southern pincer arm,
888:
On 22 February, once clear of the Reichswald, and with the towns of
150:
26:
1321:
1049:) and the U.S. Ninth Army (Lieutenant General William Simpson). In
971:
931:
1561:
1243:, the only German armour immediately available in the Reichswald.
1065:
901:
155:
Operations Veritable and Blockbuster (yellow) and Grenade (green)
3409:
Battles and operations of World War II involving the Netherlands
2114:
1671:
1519:
292:
254:
1545:
The Germans had built three defence lines. The first was from
1146:
Further divisions were committed as the operation progressed:
2663:
1961:
The Bomber Command War Diaries: An Operational Reference Book
1718:
1555:
1511:
1317:
1197:
1167:) â Part of XXX Corps' reserve at the start of the operation.
1157:) â Part of XXX Corps' reserve at the start of the operation.
905:
889:
2680:
1624:
1619:
1515:
1495:
923:
893:
2319:
Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
2146:. The Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery Ottawa.
2142:
Stacey, Colonel Charles Perry; Bond, Major C.C.J. (1960).
1574:
Operation Veritable was planned in three separate phases:
3399:
Land battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
2646:
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954
1278:
Elements fought in defensive positions at Kleve and Goch.
1200:
area. Reserves were therefore placed to respond to this.
1193:
2141:
1554:, Kleve, Goch and the third ran from Rees, through the
1510:(captured during Operation Market Garden) eastwards to
2156:"Winter on the Maas â 9 November 1944â7 February 1945"
391:
3404:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
2762:
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954
1717:(Scottish) Division would attack woods north-east of
1958:
Everitt, Chris; Middlebrook, Martin (2 April 2014).
2209:
The 3rd Canadian Infantry Division in the Rhineland
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3024:Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite
2837:President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
2401:Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany
1957:
2729:U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
356:~44,239 casualties (Canadian First Army Estimate)
3385:
2853:U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division
1832:
1830:
1567:Nijmegen, a bridge was built across the Maas at
2871:PriceâAnderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act
896:in their control, the offensive was renewed as
1562:Operation Veritable (Battle of the Reichswald)
3113:Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)
3051:Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport
2968:Republican Party presidential primaries (1948
2264:
1827:
1518:, turning south eastwards along the Rhine to
631:
377:
900:and linked up with the U.S. Ninth Army near
645:
2831:People to People Student Ambassador Program
2607:Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization
1851:A Short History of the 8th Armoured Brigade
1708:Mk XI Royal Artillery OP tank (left) and a
1397:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2271:
2257:
2214:A detailed, personal account of the battle
2081:
959:was attached to the operation in place of
638:
624:
384:
370:
2993:United States Presidential election (1952
2090:
2003:
1911:Note, Kleve was bombed by a force of 295
1479:Learn how and when to remove this message
1417:Learn how and when to remove this message
1257:Guarding the Maas river bank, facing the
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
3394:Battles of World War II involving Canada
3088:Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center
2913:Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960
2278:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1699:
1689:
1600:
1490:
2105:
2056:
2054:
1744:
1686:flame-throwers, had great shock value.
1635:flooding, Hitler forbade Field Marshal
3434:20th century in North Rhine-Westphalia
3386:
1931:, 156 Lancasters and 16 Mosquitoes of
1208:84th Infantry Division (Major-General
2252:
2239:51st (Highland) Division â Reichswald
2117:: Tempus Publishing. pp. 92â93.
2060:
1857:from the original on 14 February 2009
1171:4th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)
619:
365:
3046:Eisenhower Executive Office Building
2983:Republican National Convention (1952
2418:Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952
2051:
1978:from the original on 3 November 2023
1428:
1395:adding citations to reliable sources
1362:
1312:Army Group H's armoured reserve, at
873:(German: Imperial Forest) while the
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
3214:Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower
2069:from the original on 4 October 2013
942:(a development of an earlier plan;
395:Western Allied invasion of Germany
13:
3479:Western Allied invasion of Germany
2900:Student loans in the United States
2675:National Aeronautics and Space Act
1013:
135:Western Allied invasion of Germany
14:
3490:
3036:Eisenhower National Historic Site
2796:Federal Voting Assistance Program
2774:Air Pollution Control Act of 1955
2346:1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy
2202:
1712:(right) in Goch, 21 February 1945
1136:51st (Highland) Infantry Division
1110:15th (Scottish) Infantry Division
861:Lieutenant-general Brian Horrocks
833:. The operation was conducted by
3454:History of Limburg (Netherlands)
3367:
3366:
2752:Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954
1875:Stacey, Chapter 17, pp 436 - 439
1618:released water from the largest
1433:
1367:
314:
302:
291:
280:
260:
247:
235:
149:
143:European theatre of World War II
25:
3303:Eisenhower baseball controversy
2848:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
2808:Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
2670:EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958
2381:People of Western Europe speech
2303:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
2099:
2038:
2025:
2012:
1990:
1951:
1234:655th Heavy Anti-Tank Battalion
1151:43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division
36:needs additional citations for
3414:February 1945 events in Europe
2889:National Defense Education Act
2860:Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957
2376:June 6, 1944, order of the day
2361:European Theater of Operations
2295:President of the United States
1905:
1839:
1814:casualties on the German army.
1807:
1797:
1664:Heinrich Freiherr von LĂźttwitz
1334:15th Panzer Grenadier Division
1305:Heinrich Freiherr von LĂźttwitz
1126:53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division
1100:4th Canadian Armoured Division
1090:2nd Canadian Infantry Division
1077:3rd Canadian Infantry Division
875:3rd Canadian Infantry Division
844:, primarily consisting of the
822:) was the northern part of an
169:(1 month and 3 days)
1:
3170:Backstairs at the White House
3041:Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial
2865:Little Rock Nine intervention
2757:Internal Revenue Code of 1954
2134:
2035:, by William Moore (pp. 3â5).
911:
802:End of World War II in Europe
181:(Germany), and adjacent areas
3133:Other tributes and memorials
2411:European Advisory Commission
1847:"Geilenkirchen to the Rhine"
1821:
1790:
1728:
1506:The Allied advance was from
1320:. After the fighting in the
7:
3419:March 1945 events in Europe
3326:Introduction to Outer Space
3314:And I don't care what it is
3128:Places named for Eisenhower
2711:Outer Continental Shelf Act
2532:Militaryâindustrial complex
2219:A biography of Henry Crerar
2009:Stacey, Chap 18, pp 465-466
1773:
1612:Second Battle of El Alamein
1459:the claims made and adding
1153:(Acting Lieutenant-General
936:operation to capture Arnhem
10:
3495:
3459:Berg en Dal (municipality)
2579:Korean Armistice Agreement
2550:Presidential Proclamations
2457:State of the Union Address
2311:Chief of Staff of the Army
2234:2nd Lincolnshires' history
2111:The End of the Third Reich
2048:, by William Moore (p. 5).
2022:, by William Moore (p. 3).
2000:, by William Moore (p. 2).
1693:
1498:rockets being loaded into
1358:
167:8 February â 11 March 1945
3345:
3295:
3204:
3141:
3093:Eisenhower Medical Center
3006:
2963:Draft Eisenhower movement
2955:
2936:
2813:Interstate Highway System
2740:National Wool Act of 1954
2697:
2629:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
2591:"Chance for Peace" speech
2558:
2426:
2366:Allied invasion of Sicily
2329:
2286:
2228:The Canadian Encyclopedia
2224:"Battle of the Rhineland"
1324:, its two divisions, the
1248:180th Infantry Division (
1239:Around 36 self propelled
1187:
1179:(Temporary Major-General
1163:(Temporary Major-General
1138:(Temporary Major-General
1018:
659:
403:
347:
326:
273:
228:
159:
148:
132:
127:
3439:History of the Rhineland
3164:(1949 television series)
2918:Civil Rights Act of 1960
2843:Civil Rights Act of 1957
2802:Bank Holding Company Act
2779:Agricultural Act of 1956
2735:Agricultural Act of 1954
2586:1953 Iranian coup d'ĂŠtat
1785:
1194:German Army High Command
1161:Guards Armoured Division
820:Battle of the Reichswald
3429:1945 in the Netherlands
3186:Ike: Countdown to D-Day
2767:Small Watershed Program
2061:Veale, MC, Lt-Col P.N.
1836:Stacey, Chap 19, p. 522
690:Siegfried Line campaign
3056:Eisenhower Fellowships
2371:Armistice of Cassibile
2096:Stacey, Chap 19, p 524
1902:Stacey, Chap 18, p 464
1893:Stacey, Chap 17, p 458
1884:Stacey, Chap 18, p 463
1713:
1677:The 3rd Division used
1645:6th Parachute Division
1606:
1599:
1503:
1284:7th Parachute Division
1267:6th Parachute Division
1177:11th Armoured Division
938:). One such proposal,
274:Commanders and leaders
16:Battle of World War II
3449:History of Gelderland
3320:Atoms for Peace Award
3256:Ida Stover Eisenhower
3252:(great-granddaughter)
2825:Fish and Wildlife Act
2705:Executive Order 10479
2514:Judicial appointments
2406:Disarmed Enemy Forces
1758:was Captain with the
1703:
1696:Operation Blockbuster
1690:Operation Blockbuster
1604:
1576:
1494:
1227:("Stomach") Battalion
1094:Albert Bruce Matthews
898:Operation Blockbuster
348:Casualties and losses
60:"Operation Veritable"
3286:Milton S. Eisenhower
3244:Mary Jean Eisenhower
3103:Eisenhower Golf Club
3061:Eisenhower Institute
2907:Hawaii Admission Act
2895:Federal Perkins Loan
2883:Humane Slaughter Act
2877:Alaska Statehood Act
2745:Special Milk Program
2280:Dwight D. Eisenhower
2044:War Monthly (1976).
2031:War Monthly (1976).
2018:War Monthly (1976).
1996:War Monthly (1976).
1927:Groups, Goch by 292
1745:Notable participants
1391:improve this section
1004:William Hood Simpson
999:, was to be made by
920:Dwight D. Eisenhower
45:improve this article
3268:Edgar N. Eisenhower
3083:U.S. Postage stamps
3066:Eisenhower Monument
2723:Submerged Lands Act
2568:Eisenhower Doctrine
2391:Operation Veritable
2351:Louisiana Maneuvers
1735:34 Armoured Brigade
1684:Churchill Crocodile
1192:Assessments by the
1040:First Canadian Army
1029:British Second Army
976:Battle of the Bulge
846:First Canadian Army
818:(also known as the
816:Operation Veritable
797:Invasion of Germany
197: /
128:Operation Veritable
3280:Earl D. Eisenhower
3108:Eisenhower Theater
2818:Highway Trust Fund
2717:Refugee Relief Act
2617:1955 Geneva Summit
2540:Kennedy transition
2396:Berlin Declaration
1733:After the battle,
1714:
1651:in the history of
1637:Gerd von Rundstedt
1607:
1504:
1444:possibly contains
1044:Lieutenant-General
1033:Lieutenant-General
1001:Lieutenant General
850:Lieutenant-General
840:'s Anglo-Canadian
838:Bernard Montgomery
287:Bernard Montgomery
3381:
3380:
3358:John F. Kennedy â
3351:â Harry S. Truman
3262:Arthur Eisenhower
3250:Jennie Eisenhower
3180:(1979 miniseries)
3172:(1979 miniseries)
3162:Crusade in Europe
3151:Eisenhower jacket
3098:Eisenhower Trophy
3071:Eisenhower dollar
2945:Crusade in Europe
2932:
2931:
2789:Soil Bank Program
2622:1960 U-2 incident
2452:1957 inauguration
2447:1953 inauguration
2386:Normandy landings
2244:Battle for Xanten
1964:. Pen and Sword.
1760:Royal Scots Greys
1668:II Canadian Corps
1489:
1488:
1481:
1446:original research
1427:
1426:
1419:
1301:47th Panzer Corps
1120:Colin Muir Barber
1055:British XXX Corps
1053:, the reinforced
1027:consisted of the
997:Operation Grenade
879:Operation Grenade
857:British XXX Corps
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353:15,634 casualties
224:
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179:Reichswald Forest
121:
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3238:Susan Eisenhower
3226:David Eisenhower
3123:Mount Eisenhower
2556:
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2545:Executive Orders
2526:Farewell address
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1316:, south-east of
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1130:Robert Knox Ross
1036:Miles C. Dempsey
831:Second World War
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3424:1945 in Germany
3384:
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3291:
3246:(granddaughter)
3240:(granddaughter)
3234:(granddaughter)
3232:Anne Eisenhower
3220:John Eisenhower
3200:
3156:Eisenhower Tree
3143:
3137:
3118:Fort Eisenhower
3002:
2951:
2928:
2698:Domestic policy
2693:
2639:Restricted Data
2634:Atoms for Peace
2612:New Look policy
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2430:
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2356:Operation Torch
2341:Military career
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1190:
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1102:(Major-General
1092:(Major-General
1025:21st Army Group
1023:At this stage,
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1014:Order of battle
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1691:
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1662:under General
1653:modern warfare
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974:in December, (
966:In the event,
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2124:0-7524-3939-1
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2107:Thacker, Toby
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1967:
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1945:Master Bomber
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1780:Western Front
1778:
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1756:Murray Walker
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1500:Land Mattress
1497:
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1442:This section
1440:
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1376:This section
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1140:Thomas Rennie
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1127:
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1118:
1117:Major-General
1115:
1111:
1108:
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1098:
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1081:Major-General
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835:Field Marshal
832:
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101:February 2011
93:
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62: â
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56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
3365:
3356:
3349:
3332:Eddie Slovik
3324:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3029:Boyhood home
3014:Bibliography
2944:
2688:Operation 40
2390:
2227:
2191:. Retrieved
2185:Chapter 19:
2175:. Retrieved
2169:Chapter 18:
2159:. Retrieved
2143:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2045:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2014:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1960:
1953:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
1809:
1799:
1765:
1754:commentator
1739:
1732:
1723:
1715:
1676:
1657:
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1629:
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1608:
1594:
1592:
1586:
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1579:
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1573:
1565:
1558:to Geldern.
1544:
1528:
1524:
1505:
1475:
1466:
1443:
1413:
1404:
1389:Please help
1377:
1352:Steinmueller
1326:116th Panzer
1241:assault guns
1224:
1210:Heinz Fiebig
1191:
1145:
1069:
1063:
1050:
1047:Harry Crerar
1022:
992:
991:
980:
967:
965:
960:
956:
951:
943:
939:
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887:
866:
865:
853:Harry Crerar
819:
815:
814:
785:
784:
772:
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726:
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663:
593:
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588:Itter Castle
545:
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461:
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426:
420:
419:
407:
298:Harry Crerar
229:Belligerents
133:Part of the
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
3196:(2014 play)
3188:(2004 film)
2658:Suez Crisis
2321:(1943â1945)
2313:(1945â1948)
2305:(1951â1952)
2297:(1953â1961)
2153:Chapter 17
1649:traffic jam
1165:Allan Adair
1155:Ivor Thomas
1104:Chris Vokes
1084:Daniel Spry
1008:flood plain
961:Valediction
952:Valediction
940:Valediction
651:(1944â1945)
435:Blockbuster
343:700 mortars
332:200,000 men
204: /
3388:Categories
3308:Camp David
3228:(grandson)
3019:Birthplace
2573:Korean War
2442:Transition
2428:Presidency
2161:30 October
2135:References
1982:27 October
1917:Mosquitoes
1913:Lancasters
1766:Black Rats
1540:Kranenburg
1453:improve it
948:Maastricht
928:River Maas
912:Background
871:Reichswald
786:Reichswald
573:DĂźsseldorf
558:Friesoythe
472:Lumberjack
449:Flashpoint
341:1,054 guns
339:90,000 men
334:1,400 guns
71:newspapers
3288:(brother)
3282:(brother)
3276:(brother)
3270:(brother)
3264:(brother)
2956:Elections
2923:Sikes Act
2073:3 October
1929:Halifaxes
1822:Citations
1791:Footnotes
1752:Formula 1
1729:Aftermath
1706:Valentine
1508:Groesbeek
1457:verifying
1378:does not
1303:(General
1070:Veritable
1051:Veritable
993:Veritable
983:Rhineland
968:Veritable
957:Veritable
867:Veritable
774:Blackcock
594:Logistics
578:Stuttgart
563:Nuremberg
541:Heilbronn
526:Paderborn
516:Frankfurt
498:Undertone
421:Veritable
415:Rhineland
409:Blackcock
3372:Category
3258:(mother)
3194:Pressure
2597:Cold War
2433:timeline
2331:Military
2109:(2006).
2067:Archived
1976:Archived
1855:Archived
1853:. 2000.
1774:See also
1750:British
1532:metalled
1322:Ardennes
972:Ardennes
932:Nijmegen
855:and the
767:Nordwind
734:Lorraine
715:Boulogne
705:Le Havre
672:Chastity
665:Overlord
600:American
553:Dortmund
531:WĂźrzburg
327:Strength
174:Location
3296:Related
3144:culture
3142:Popular
2509:Cabinet
1915:and 10
1762:in the
1679:Buffalo
1595:Phase 3
1587:Phase 2
1580:Phase 1
1536:Hekkens
1451:Please
1399:removed
1384:sources
1359:Terrain
1288:Erdmann
1271:Plocher
1219:Falaise
1066:Antwerp
917:General
902:Geldern
749:Scheldt
710:Dunkirk
679:Dragoon
605:British
583:Hamburg
568:Lippach
510:TF Baum
483:Cologne
478:Remagen
463:Archway
456:Varsity
442:Plunder
428:Grenade
268:Germany
189:51°42â˛N
141:of the
137:in the
85:scholar
3469:Gennep
3216:(wife)
3206:Family
3007:Legacy
2947:(1948)
2925:(1960)
2909:(1959)
2893:1958;
2885:(1958)
2879:(1958)
2873:(1957)
2867:(1957)
2839:(1956)
2833:(1956)
2827:(1956)
2804:(1956)
2798:(1955)
2731:(1953)
2725:(1953)
2719:(1953)
2713:(1953)
2707:(1953)
2690:(1960)
2679:1958;
2666:(1958)
2660:(1956)
2593:(1953)
2577:1953;
2333:career
2193:28 May
2177:26 May
2121:
2115:Stroud
1968:
1948:life".
1861:26 May
1672:Kalkar
1520:Xanten
1314:DĂźlken
1188:German
1114:Acting
1019:Allied
944:Wyvern
859:under
848:under
824:Allied
739:Aachen
720:Calais
700:Dieppe
547:Howard
536:Kassel
491:Gisela
265:
255:Canada
252:
240:
217:Result
192:6°06â˛E
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
3474:Venlo
3222:(son)
2998:1956)
2988:1956)
2978:1956)
2937:Books
2664:DARPA
1941:No. 8
1937:No. 6
1933:No. 4
1925:No. 8
1921:No. 1
1786:Notes
1719:Weeze
1547:Wyler
1512:Kleve
1318:Venlo
1225:Magen
1198:Venlo
906:Wesel
890:Kleve
761:Bulge
755:Queen
685:Paris
92:JSTOR
78:books
2973:1952
2681:NASA
2502:1961
2497:1960
2492:1959
2487:1958
2482:1957
2477:1956
2472:1955
2467:1955
2462:1953
2292:34th
2195:2009
2179:2009
2163:2013
2119:ISBN
2075:2013
1984:2020
1966:ISBN
1939:and
1923:and
1863:2009
1764:4th
1632:Waal
1625:Urft
1620:Roer
1569:Mook
1552:Rees
1516:Goch
1514:and
1496:RP-3
1382:any
1380:cite
924:Ruhr
894:Goch
892:and
792:Alps
521:Ruhr
164:Date
64:news
3178:Ike
1919:of
1538:to
1455:by
1393:by
1038:),
47:by
3390::
2226:.
2113:.
2065:.
2053:^
1974:.
1935:,
1849:.
1829:^
1704:A
1010:.
963:.
863:.
3316:"
3312:"
2534:"
2530:"
2435:)
2431:(
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2265:t
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1986:.
1865:.
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1471:)
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