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3661:, initially intended to prevent the demonstrators from storming the hotel where Johnson was speaking, was to a certain extent based on exaggerated reports from undercover agents which had infiltrated the organizations sponsoring the protest. "Unresistant demonstrators were beaten – some in front of literally thousands of witnesses – without even the pretext of and attempt to make an arrest." A crowd the Los Angeles Times reports at 10,000 clashed with 500 riot police outside President Johnson's fundraiser at the Century City Plaza Hotel. Expecting only 1,000 or 2,000 protesters, the LAPD field commander later told reporters he had been 'astounded' by the size of the demonstration. "Where did all those people come from? I asked myself." Scores were injured, including many peaceful middle-class protesters. Some sources put the crowd as high as 15,000 and noted that the police attacked the marchers with
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2058:' Gatling-gun snare shots. ... he says 'evil man make me kill you ... make you kill me although we're only families apart.'" This song was often accompanied by pleas from Hendrix to bring the soldiers back home and cease the bloodshed. While Hendrix's views may not have been analogous to the protesters, his songs became anthems to the antiwar movement. Songs such as "Star Spangled Banner" showed individuals that "you can love your country, but hate the government." Hendrix's anti-violence efforts are summed up in his words: "when the power of love overcomes the love of power ... the world will know peace." Thus, Hendrix's personal views did not coincide perfectly with those of the anti-war protesters; however, his anti-violence outlook was a driving force during the years of the Vietnam War even after his death (1970).
2114:" alludes to a new method of governing that is necessary and warns those who currently participate in government that the change is imminent. Dylan tells the "senators and congressmen please heed the call." Dylan's songs were designed to awaken the public and to cause a reaction. The protesters of the Vietnam War identified their cause so closely with the artistic compositions of Dylan that Joan Baez and Judy Collins performed "The Times they are A-Changin'" at a march protesting the Vietnam War (1965) and also for President Johnson. While Dylan renounced the idea of subscribing to the ideals of one individual, his feelings of protest towards Vietnam were appropriated by the general movement and they "awaited his gnomic yet oracular pronouncements", which provided a guiding aspect to the movement as a whole.
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board, "I have absolutely no intention to report for that exam, or for induction, or to aid in any way the
American war effort against the people of Vietnam ..." The opposition to the United States' involvement in the Vietnam War had many effects, which led to the eventual end of the involvement of the United States. This refusal letter soon led to an overflow of refusals ultimately leading to the event provided by Zinn stating, "In May 1969 the Oakland induction center, where draftees reported from all of Northern California, reported that of 4,400 men ordered to report for induction, 2,400 did not show up. In the first quarter of 1970 the Selective Service System, for the first time, could not meet its quota."
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positively and tangibly to the group's goals, or believed that women could not truly understand and join the anti-war movement because they were unaffected by the draft. Women involved in opposition groups disliked the romanticism of the violence of both the war and the anti-war movement that was common amongst male war protesters. Despite the inequalities, participation in various antiwar groups allowed women to gain experience with organizing protests and crafting effective anti-war rhetoric. These newfound skills combined with their dislike of sexism within the opposition movement caused many women to break away from the mainstream anti-war movement and create or join women's anti-war groups, such as
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1679:, and William 'Charlie' Chin, performed across the nation as traveling troubadours who set the anti-racist politics of the Asian American movement to music." This band was so against the imperialistic actions of the United States, that they supported the Vietnamese people vocally through their song 'War of the Flea'. Asian American poets and playwrights also joined in unity with the movement's anti-war sentiments. Melvyn Escueta created the play 'Honey Bucket', and was an Asian American war veteran. Through this play, "Escueta establishes equivalencies between his protagonist, a Filipino American soldier named Andy, and the Vietnamese people."
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2308:(NWRO). The NWRO, set up in 1967, critiqued the government spending budget for the Vietnam War instead of providing families domestically, decried the sending of poor men and their sons to fight in the Vietnam War, linked capitalism and the prioritization of corporations and military spending over human needs, invoked the image of the mother, and highlighted the impact of poverty and military participation on women, particularly black mothers. As well as this, they criticized the conflict for harming impoverished women, forcing them to supply labor and troops while raising children without proper pay.
2124:. Given his immense fame due to the success of the Beatles, he was a very prominent movement figure with the constant media and press attention. Still being proactive on their honeymoon, the newlyweds controversially held a sit-in, where they sat in bed for a week answering press questions. They held numerous sit-ins, one where they first introduced their song "Give Peace a Chance". Lennon and Ono's song overshadowed many previous held anthems, as it became known as the ultimate anthem of peace in the 1970s, with their words "all we are saying ... is give peace a chance" being sung globally.
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camp, they were not limited to their music. Protesters were being arrested and were participating in peace marches, and popular musicians were among their ranks. This concept of intimate involvement reached new heights in May 1968 when the "Composers and
Musicians for Peace" concert was staged in New York. As the war continued, along with the new media coverage, the movement snowballed, and popular music reflected this. As early as the summer of 1965, music-based protests against the American involvement in Southeast Asia began with works like
678:, then the bordering countries would be sure to fall as well, like dominoes. This theory was largely held due to the fall of Eastern Europe to communism and the Soviet sphere of influence following World War II. However, military critics of the war pointed out that the Vietnam War was political, and that the military mission lacked any clear idea of how to achieve its objectives. Civilian critics of the war argued that the government of South Vietnam lacked political legitimacy or that support for the war was completely immoral.
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1682:"The Asian American antiwar movement emerged from a belief that the mainstream peace movement was racist in its disregard to Asians ... Steve Louie remembers that while the white anti-war movement had 'this moral thing about no killing,' Asian Americans sought to bring attention to 'a bigger issue ... genocide.' ... the broader movement had a hard time with the Asian movement ... because it broadened the issues out beyond where they wanted to go ... the whole question of US imperialism as a system, at home and abroad."
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promoted free speech, student input in the curriculum, and an end to archaic social restrictions. Students joined the anti-war movement because they did not want to fight in a foreign civil war that they believed did not concern them or because they were morally opposed to all war. Others disliked the war because it diverted funds and attention away from problems in the US Intellectual growth and gaining a liberal perspective at college caused many students to become active in the anti-war movement.
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1482:"Self-determination for Black America and Vietnam," while whites marched under banners that said, "Support Our GIs, Bring Them Home Now!". Within these groups, however, many African American women were seen as subordinate members by black male leaders. Many African American women viewed the war in Vietnam as racially motivated and sympathized strongly with Vietnamese women. Such concerns often propelled their participation in the anti-war movement and their creation of new opposition groups.
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plea for peace." Additionally, "At Boston
College, a Catholic institution, six thousand people gathered that evening in the gymnasium to denounce the war." At Kent State University, "on May 4, when students gathered to demonstrate against the war, National Guardsmen fired into the crowd. Four students were killed." Four days later, on May 8, ten (some sources say eleven) people present at a demonstration that was a response to both the war in Vietnam and the Kent State massacre were
1448:" at the Riverside Church in New York, attacking President Johnson for "deadly Western arrogance," declaring that "we are on the side of the wealthy, and the secure, while we create a hell for the poor". King's speech attracted much controversy at the time, with many feeling that it was ungrateful for him to attack the president who had done the most for civil rights for African Americans since Abraham Lincoln had abolished slavery a century before. Liberal newspapers such as the
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resulting in higher enlistment rates compared to white, middle-class men. This led to the enforcement of a draft that was perceived as economically and racially discriminatory. In 1967, although there were fewer draft-eligible black men (29% of all draft-eligible men) compared to white men (63%), a higher percentage of the eligible black men (64% of the 29%) were chosen for conscription to serve in the war, as opposed to only 31% of eligible white men.
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1655:, that during his tour of duty in Vietnam of 1969-70 that there was an atmosphere of systematic racism towards all Vietnamese people, who were seen as less than human, being merely "gooks". Because most white Americans did not make much effort to distinguish between Chinese-Americans, Japanese-Americans, Korean-Americans, and Filipino-Americans, the anti-Asian racism generated by the war led to the emergence of a pan-Asian American identity.
2250:, radicalizing more and more students. Although the media often portrayed the student antiwar movement as aggressive and widespread, only 10% of the 2500 colleges in the United States had violent protests throughout the Vietnam War years. By the early 1970s, most student protest movements died down due to President Nixon's de-escalation of the war, the economic downturn, and disillusionment with the powerlessness of the anti-war movement.
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1039:, despite being in front of journalists. South Vietnamese reports, provided as justification after the fact, claimed that Lem was captured near the site of a ditch holding as many as thirty-four bound and executed bodies of police and their relatives, including some who were the families of General Loan's deputy and close friend. The execution created an iconic image that influenced public opinion in the United States against the war.
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Vietnam, nor did they question the morality or legality of the US intervention. Instead, they made pragmatic claims that the war was a mistake. Contrarily, the Hawks represented people who argued that the war was legitimate, winnable, and part of US foreign policy. The Hawks claimed that the one-sided criticism of the media contributed to the decline of public support for the war and ultimately caused the U.S. to lose the war.
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As a result of the present factors in terms of affluence, biographical availability (defined in the sociological areas of activism as the lack of restrictions on social relationships of which most likely increases the consequences of participating in a social movement), and increasing political atmosphere across the county, political activity increased drastically on college campuses. In one instance,
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2046:(1942–1970). Hendrix had a huge following among the youth culture exploring itself through drugs and experiencing itself through rock music. He was not an official protester of the war; one of Hendrix's biographers contends that Hendrix, being a former soldier, sympathized with the anticommunist view. He did, however, protest the violence that took place in the Vietnam War. With the song "
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4147:. Even though the demonstration was quickly put together, protesters were still able to bring out thousands to march in the Capital. It was an almost spontaneous response to the events of the previous week. Police ringed the White House with buses to block the demonstrators from getting too close to the executive mansion. Early in the morning before the march,
2755:", areas as large as 80 square miles (210 km) in which soldiers were free to shoot any Vietnamese they encountered after curfew without first making sure they were hostile. Allegations of exaggeration of body count, torture, murder and general abuse of civilians and the psychology and motivations of soldiers and officers were discussed at length.
1470:. To combat these issues, King rallied the poor working class in hopes that the federal government would redirect resources toward fighting the War on Poverty. To emphasize his point, King would use the statistic that the US government had underestimated the cost of the 1967 war budget by $ 10 billion, which was five times the poverty budget.
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Harris poll asked the
American public how the war affected their family, job or financial life. The majority of respondents, 55%, said that it had had no effect on their lives. Of the 45% who indicated the war had affected their lives, 32% listed inflation as the most important factor, while 25% listed casualties inflicted.
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such as, Brown
University, Kent State University, and the University of Massachusetts. Even at The College of William and Mary unrest occurred with protests by the students and even some faculty members that resulted in "multiple informants" hired to report to the CIA on the activities of students and faculty members.
3676:(R-KY) stated before congress: "Let us now, while we are yet strong, bring our men home, every man jack of them. The Viet Cong fight fiercely and tenaciously because it is their land and we are foreigners intervening in their civil war. If we must fight, let us fight in defense of our homeland and our own hemisphere."
1596:, and demonstrations. During marches, Asian American activists carried banners that read "Stop the Bombing of Asian People and Stop Killing Our Asian Brothers and Sisters." Its newsletter stated, "our goal is to build a solid, broad-based anti-imperialist movement of Asian people against the war in Vietnam."
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March 17 – Major rally outside the US Embassy in London's
Grosvenor Square turned to a riot with 86 people injured and over 200 arrested. Over 10,000 had rallied peacefully in Trafalgar Square but met a police barricade outside the embassy. A UK Foreign Office report claimed that the rioting had
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November 1967 – a non-binding referendum was voted on in San
Francisco, California which posed the question of whether there should be an immediate withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam. The vote was 67% against the referendum, which was taken by a Johnson administration official as support
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The protest on June 23 in Los
Angeles is singularly significant. It was one of the first massive war protests in the United States and the first in Los Angeles. Ending in a clash with riot police, it set a pattern for the massive protests which followed and due to the size and violence of this event,
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at the
University of New Mexico. 131 were arrested. Finally, "At the Brown University commencement in 1969, two-thirds of the graduating class turned their backs when Henry Kissinger stood up to address them." Basically, from all of the evidence here provided by the historians, Zinn and McCarthy, the
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A major factor in the
American public's disapproval of the Vietnam War was the numbers of casualties being inflicted on US forces. In a Harris poll from 1967 asking what aspect most troubled people most about the Vietnam war the plurality answer of 31% was "the loss of our young men." A separate 1967
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News Service began asking the American public whether it was a "mistake to send troops to Vietnam" in August 1965. At the time, less than a quarter of Americans polled, 24%, believed it was a mistake to send troops to Vietnam, while 60% of Americans polled believed the opposite. Three years later, in
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The Anti-war movement became part of a larger protest movement against the traditional American Values and attitudes. Meyers (2007) builds off this claim in his argument that the "relatively privileged enjoy the education and affirmation that afford them the belief that they might make a difference."
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Many Asian Americans spoke against the war because of the way that the Vietnamese were referred to within the US military by the disparaging term "gook", and more generally because they encountered bigotry, because they looked like "the enemy". One Japanese-American veteran, Norman Nakamura, wrote in
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Of these organizations, the Bay Area Coalition Against the War was the biggest and most significant. BAACAW was "highly organized, holding biweekly ninety-minute meetings of the Coordinating Committee at which each regional would submit detailed reports and action plans." The driving force behind its
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King, during the year of 1966, publicly declared that it was hypocritical for Black Americans to be fighting in Vietnam since they were being treated as second-class citizens back home. One of his arguments was that many white middle-class men avoided the draft by college deferments, but his greatest
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The events of Tet in early 1968 as a whole significantly altered public opinion regarding the war. US military officials had previously reported successful prosecution of counter-insurgency in South Vietnam. While the Tet Offensive resulted in a significant victory for the US and allied militaries by
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repeatedly wrote about his approval of the war and suggested, "he United States has been timid, if not cowardly, in refusing to seek 'victory' in Vietnam." The Hawks claimed that liberal media was responsible for the growing popular disenchantment with the war and blamed Western media for losing the
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also shook citizens at home as the new television brought images of the wartime conflict to viewers in their homes. Newsmen, like NBC's Frank McGee, stated that the war was all but lost as a "conclusion to be drawn inescapably from the facts." For the first time in American history, the media had the
3359:, said that Ali "should be held in utter contempt by every patriotic American." In 1967 Ali was sentenced to 5 years in prison for draft evasion, but his conviction was later overturned on appeal. In addition, he was stripped of his title and banned from professional boxing for more than three years.
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A further effect of the opposition was that many college campuses were completely shut down due to protests. These protests led to wear on the government who tried to mitigate the tumultuous behavior and return the colleges back to normal. The colleges involved in the anti-war movement included ones
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A 1965 Gallup Poll asked the question, "Have you ever felt the urge to organize or join a public demonstration about something?" Positive responses were quite low; not many people wanted to protest anything, and those who did want to show a public demonstration often wanted to demonstrate in support
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Faced with the sexism sometimes found in the antiwar movement, New Left, and Civil Rights Movement, some women created their own organizations to establish true equality of the sexes. Some of frustrations of younger women became apparent during the anti-war movement: they desired more radical change
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College enrollment reached 9 million by the end of the 1960s. Colleges and universities in America had more students than ever before, and these institutions often tried to restrict student behavior to maintain order on the campuses. To combat this, many college students became active in causes that
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during the Vietnam War both were genres that Dylan would dabble in. His success in writing protest songs came from his pre-existing popularity, as he did not initially intend on doing so. Todd Gitlin, a leader of a student movement at the time, was quoted in saying "Whether he liked it or not, Dylan
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Even many of those who never received a deferment or exemption never served, simply because the pool of eligible men was so huge compared to the number required for service, that the draft boards never got around to drafting them, when a new crop of men became available (until 1969), or because they
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explains the story of the entire spectrum of the clergy and their involvement. Michael Friedland is able to tell the story completely in his chapter entitled, "A Voice of Moderation: Clergy and the Anti-War Movement: 1966–1967". In basic summary, each specific clergy from each religion had their own
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and political opinions, and during the Vietnam War, the same relationship occurred between feelings about the war and theology. This article was a social experiment finding results on how the pastors and clergy members reacted to the war. Based on the results found, the clergy did not believe in the
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Black anti-war groups opposed the war for similar reasons as white groups but often protested in separate events and sometimes did not cooperate with the ideas of white anti-war leadership. They harshly criticized the draft because poor and minority men were usually most affected by conscription. In
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Despite the increasingly disheartening news of the war, many Americans continued to support President Johnson's efforts. Apart from the Domino Theory, there was a sense that the objective of preventing a communist takeover of a pro-Western government in South Vietnam was a noble goal. Many Americans
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The media also played a substantial role in the polarization of American opinion regarding the Vietnam War. In 1965, the majority of media attention was focused on military tactics, with very little discussion about the necessity for a full-scale intervention in Southeast Asia. After 1965, the media
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On June 23, 1967 President Johnson came to Century City, Los Angeles to speak. The Mobe got permission to march past his hotel without stopping. PLP, SDS, the War Resisters' League and other left forces determined to stop in front of the hotel. Leadership of the march of 20,000 was wrested from the
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Another effect the opposition to the war had was that the American soldiers in Vietnam began to side with the opposition and feel remorse for what they were doing. Zinn argues this with an example in which the soldiers in a POW camp formed a peace committee as they wondered who the enemy of the war
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in terms of "Biographical Availability", where individuals must have a certain degree of social, economic, and psychological freedom to be able to participate in large scale social movements. This explanation can also be applied to the Anti-War Movement because it occurred around the same time and
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as a way of avoiding Vietnam. All of these issues raised concerns about the fairness of who was selected for involuntary service, since it was often the poor or those without connections who were drafted. Ironically, in light of modern political issues, a certain exemption was a convincing claim of
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in the United States was held on December 1, 1969, and was met with large protests and a great deal of controversy; statistical analysis indicated that the methodology of the lotteries unintentionally disadvantaged men with late-year birthdays. This issue was treated at length in a January 4, 1970,
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The involvement of the clergy did not stop at King. The analysis entitled "Social Movement Participation: Clergy and the Anti-Vietnam War Movement" expands upon the anti-war movement by taking King, a single religious figurehead, and explaining the movement from the entire clergy's perspective. The
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Many Asian Americans were strongly opposed to the Vietnam War. They saw the war as being a significant action of US imperialism and "connected the oppression of the Asians in the United States to the prosecution of the war in Vietnam." Unlike many Americans in the anti-war movement, they viewed the
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interpreted events such as the attack on the American embassy in Saigon as a sign of US military vulnerability. The military victories on the battlefields of Tet were overshadowed by shocking images of violence on television screens, extensive casualty lists, and a new perception among the American
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December 26 – 15 anti-war veterans began to occupy the Statue of Liberty, flying a US flag upside down from her crown. They left on December 28, following issuance of a Federal Court order. Also on December 28, 80 young veterans clashed with police and were arrested while trying to occupy the
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At the University of Massachusetts, "The 100th Commencement of the University of Massachusetts yesterday was a protest, a call for peace", "Red fists of protest, white peace symbols, and blue doves were stenciled on black academic gowns, and nearly every other senior wore an armband representing a
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Both the NWRO and TWWA actively connected opposition to the Vietnam War to broader critiques of economic injustice and militarism, emphasizing their profound impact on women and families. These groups pioneered expansive and inclusive anti-war activism, focusing on the specific challenges faced by
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Women were a large part of the anti-war movement, even though they were sometimes relegated to second-class status within the organizations or faced sexism within opposition groups. Some leaders of anti-war groups viewed women as sex objects or secretaries, not actual thinkers who could contribute
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affects mass movement mobilization. For example, according to Meyers' thesis, consider that American wealth increased drastically after World War II. At this time, America was a superpower and enjoyed great affluence after thirty years of depression, war, and sacrifice. Benjamin T. Harrison (2000)
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that they faced in the United States. As historian Daryl Maeda notes, "the anti-war movement articulated Asian Americans' racial commonality with Vietnamese people in two distinctly gendered ways: identification based on the experiences of male soldiers and identification by women." Asian American
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in each locality had broad discretion on whom to draft and whom to exempt in cases where there was no clear guideline for exemption. In late July 1965, Johnson doubled the number of young men to be drafted per month from 17,000 to 35,000, and on August 31, 1965, he signed the Draft Card Mutilation
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The Student Libertarian Movement – Libertarian organization that was formed in 1972. The guiding principles of this organization were opposition to the war in Vietnam and opposition to the draft. The organization did not take a strong stand on racial issues. For example, "In virtually hundreds of
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The fewer numbers of soldiers as an effect of the opposition to the war also can be traced to the protests against the ROTC programs in colleges. Zinn argues this by stating, "Student protests against the ROTC resulted in the canceling of those programs in over forty colleges and universities. In
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The first effect of the opposition movement that led to the end of the war was that fewer soldiers were available for the army. The draft was protested and even ROTC programs too. Howard Zinn first provides a note written by a student of Boston University on May 1, 1968, which stated to his draft
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to the exploitation of poor communities of color domestically, highlighted how the draft disproportionately impacted families of minorities by taking sons and leaving women behind, supported oppressed peoples rising up against their oppressors, and took inspiration from Vietnamese women fighters.
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To date, over 5,000 Vietnam War-related songs have been recorded to date, and many took a patriotic, pro-government, or pro-soldier perspective. The two most notable genres involved in this protest were rock and roll and folk music. While composers created pieces confronting the pro-war political
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In his speech "Beyond Vietnam," King stated, "the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today: my own government. For the sake of those boys, for the sake of this government, for the sake of the hundreds of thousands trembling under our violence, I cannot be silent." King was not looking for
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from school. About 15 million Americans took part in the demonstration of October 15, making it the largest protest in a single day at that point in history. A second round of "Moratorium" demonstrations was held on November 15 and attracted more people than the first. Over half a million people
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published photographs of the faces of the roughly 250 or so American servicemen who had been killed in Vietnam during a "routine week" of war in the spring of 1969. Contrary to expectations, the issue sold out, with many individuals being haunted by the photographs of the ordinary young Americans
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As the war continued, the public became much more opposed to the war, seeing that it was not ending. In a poll from December 1967, 71% of the public believed the war would not be settled in 1968. A year later the same question was asked and 55% of people did not think the war would be settled in
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often held free draft counseling centers to give young men legal and illegal methods to oppose the draft. Members of Women For Peace showed up at the White House every Sunday for 8 years from 11 to 1 for a peace vigil. Such female antiwar groups often relied on maternalism, the image of women as
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vehemently opposed US involvement in Vietnam. At the beginning of the war, some African Americans did not want to join the war opposition movement because of their loyalty to President Johnson for pushing the Civil Rights legislation, but soon the escalating violence of the war and the perceived
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The concerns regarding equity prompted the establishment of a draft lottery in 1970, where a young man's birthday determined his relative risk of being drafted. For the year 1970, September 14 was the birthday at the top of the draft list, while the following year, July 9 held this distinction.
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debate. The Doves represented people who had liberal views and were critics of the war. Doves claimed that the war was well-intended, but a disastrous mistake in an otherwise benign foreign policy. It is important to note that the Doves did not question the intentions of the US in intervening in
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Howard Zinn provides that piece of evidence to reiterate how all of this destruction and fighting against an enemy that seems to be unknown has been taking a toll on the soldiers and that they began to sense a feeling of opposition as one effect of the opposition occurring in the United States.
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Mothers and older generations of women joined the opposition movement, as advocates for peace and people opposed to the effects of the war and the draft on the generation of young men. These women saw the draft as one of the most disliked parts of the war machine and sought to undermine the war
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in 1971 that he was wounded in Vietnam. He was initially refused medical treatment because he was seen as a "gook" with the doctors thinking that he was a South Vietnamese soldier (who was clothed in American uniforms). Only when he established that he spoke English as his first language was he
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that the United States had gone into Vietnam for "honorable and sensible purposes", but the war had turned out to be "harder, longer, more complicated" than expected. Donovan ended his editorial by writing that the war was "not worth winning", as South Vietnam was "not absolutely imperative" to
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music festival (1969). "Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-To-Die Rag" was a song that used sarcasm to communicate the problems with not only the war but also the public's naïve attitudes towards it. It was said that "the happy beat and insouciance of the vocalist are in odd juxtaposition to the lyrics that
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who argued that it was folly to associate the civil rights movement with the anti-Vietnam war movement, maintaining that this would set back civil rights for African Americans. This speech also showed how bold King could be when he condemned US "aggression" in Vietnam, and this is considered a
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Most of those subjected to the draft were too young to vote or drink in most states, and the image of young people being forced to risk their lives in the military without the right of enfranchisement or the ability to drink alcohol legally also successfully pressured legislators to lower the
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used theatre as a vehicle for portraying their thoughts about the Vietnam War, often satirizing the role of America in the world and juxtaposing the horrific effects of war with normal scenes of life. Regardless of medium, anti-war artists ranged from pacifists to violent radicals, and caused
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In 1967, the continued operation of the draft system, then calling for as many as 40,000 men for induction each month, fueled a burgeoning draft resistance movement. The draft exhibited a disproportionate selection of young African American men and economically disadvantaged men of all races,
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Within the United States military, various service members would organize to avoid military duties, and individual actors would also carry out their own acts of resistance. The movement consisted of the self-organizing of active duty members and veterans in collaboration with civilian peace
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November 15 – crowds of up to half a million people participated in an anti-war demonstration in Washington, D.C. and a similar demonstration was held in San Francisco. These protests were organized by the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (New Mobe) and the Student
3267:, and Dr. Benjamin Spock, among others, spoke at an anti-war rally of about 30,000 in Washington, D.C., in the largest demonstration to date. Parallel protests occurred elsewhere around the nation. On that same day, President Johnson announced a significant escalation of US involvement in
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to protest what seemed to be the tendency of the USA to step into Indochina as France was stepping out. The moral imperative argument against the war was especially popular among American college students, who were more likely than the general public to accuse the United States of having
574:, who were most at risk of being drafted, but the opposition grew to include a varied cross-section of Americans. The growing opposition to the Vietnam War was partly attributed to greater access to uncensored information through extensive television coverage on the ground in Vietnam.
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African Americans involved in the anti-war movement often formed their own groups, such as Black Women Enraged, National Black Anti-War Anti-Draft Union, and National Black Draft Counsellors. Some differences in these groups included how Black Americans rallied behind the banner of
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for Best Documentary amid considerable controversy. The South Vietnamese government also antagonized many of its citizens with the suppression of political opposition through such measures as holding large numbers of political prisoners, torturing political opponents, and holding a
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This policy of attempting to win the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese people, however, often was at odds with other aspects of the war, which sometimes served to antagonize many Vietnamese civilians and provided ammunition to the anti-war movement. These included the emphasis on
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peaceful caretakers of the world, to express and accomplish their goals. The government often saw middle-aged women involved in such organizations as the most dangerous members of the opposition movement because they were ordinary citizens who quickly and efficiently mobilized.
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on the steps of the Pentagon. These actions were interrupted by clashes with soldiers and police. In all, 647 arrests were made. When a plot to airdrop 10,000 flowers on the Pentagon was foiled by undercover agents, some of these flowers ended up being placed in the barrels of
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clergy were often forgotten though throughout this opposition. The analysis refers to that fact by saying, "The research concerning clergy anti-war participation is even more barren than the literature on student activism." There is a relationship and correlation between
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Until we got to the first camp, we didn't see a village intact; they were all destroyed. I sat down and put myself in the middle and asked myself: Is this right or wrong? Is it right to destroy villages? Is it right to kill people en masse? After a while it just got to
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April 19 – in response to renewed escalation of bombing, students at many colleges and universities around the country broke into campus buildings and threatened strikes. The following weekend, protests were held in Los Angeles, New York City, San Francisco, and
1436:
of the era had already associated their actions with opposition to the Vietnam War, and SNCC first disrupted an Atlanta draft board in August 1966. According to historians Joshua Bloom and Waldo Martin, SDS's first Stop the Draft Week of October 1967 was "inspired by
626:
means to broadcast battlefield images. Graphic footage of casualties on the nightly news eliminated any myth of the glory of war. With no clear sign of victory in Vietnam, American military casualties helped stimulate opposition to the war by Americans. In their book
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was read and 51 protesters arrested. This was one of the first massive war protests in the United States and the first in Los Angeles, Ending in a clash with riot police, it set a pattern for the massive protests which followed. The vigor of the response from the
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reinforce the sad fact that the American public was being forced into realizing that Vietnam was no longer a remote place on the other side of the world, and the damage it was doing to the country could no longer be considered collateral, involving someone else."
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set up a Vietnam war crimes exhibit in an annex to his Congressional office. The exhibit featured four large posters depicting atrocities committed by American soldiers embellished with red paint. This was followed shortly thereafter by four days of hearings on
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bearing the signatures of 6,766 teachers and professors. The advertisement spanned two and a quarter pages in Section 4, The Week in Review. The advertisement itself cost around $ 16,500 and was sponsored by the Inter-University Committee for Debate on Foreign
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September 20 – over one thousand members of WSP rallied at the White House. The police used brutal tactics to try to limit it to 100 people (as per the law) or stop the demonstration, and the event tarnished the wholesome and nonviolent reputation of the
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The transcripts describe alleged details of US military's conduct in Vietnam. Some tactics were described as "gruesome", such as the severing of ears from corpses to verify body count. Others involved the killing of civilians. Soldiers claimed to have ordered
988:
However, popular anti-war speculation that most American soldiers, as well as most of the American soldiers killed during the Vietnam War, were draftees was discredited in later years, as the large majority of these soldiers were confirmed to be volunteers.
3383:
2980:. Citing public polling data on protests during the war he claimed that: "The American public turned against the Vietnam War not because it was persuaded by the radical and liberal left that it was unjust, but out of sensitivity to its rising costs."
1271:
However, anti-war feelings also began to rise. Many Americans opposed the war on moral grounds, appalled by the devastation and violence of the war. Others claimed the conflict was a war against Vietnamese independence or an intervention in a foreign
1526:, "significant examples of this politically engaged production...encompassed painting, sculpture, performance, installation, posters, short films, and comics—and... ranged from the most 'representational' to the most 'abstract' forms of expression."
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hands of the Mobe's marshals by the PL-led militants. A four-hour bloody battle ensued after the police attacked the march, with injuries on both sides and -a partial victory for the anti-war movement because LBJ never dared speak in public again.
4162:: more than 450 university, college and high school campuses across the country were shut by student strikes and both violent and non-violent protests that involved more than 4 million students, in the only nationwide student strike in US history.
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Mid-October – the anti-war movement had significantly expanded to become a national and even global phenomenon, as anti-war protests drawing 100,000 were held simultaneously in as many as 80 major cities around the US, London, Paris, and
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imperialistic goals in Vietnam and to criticize the war as "immoral." Civilian deaths, which had been downplayed or omitted entirely by the Western media, became a subject of protest when photographic evidence of casualties emerged. The
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demonstrations took place. Millions of Americans took the day off from work and school to participate in local demonstrations against the war. These were the first major demonstrations against the Nixon administration's handling of the
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of the Vietnam War. However, when the American Public was asked in 1990, "Looking back, do you wish that you had made a stronger effort to protest or demonstrate against the Vietnam War, or not", 25 percent said they wished they had.
2292:(WSP), also known as Women For Peace. Female soldiers serving in Vietnam joined the movement to battle the war and sexism, racism, and the established military bureaucracy by writing articles for anti-war and anti-military newspapers.
4403:(SANE) – liberal international organization that was founded in 1957 by a group of nuclear pacifists. They attempted to increase public opinion in favor of their cause in an attempt to influence policy makers to halt atmospheric
3379:
2246:, protesting universities furnishing grades to draft boards, and protesting military and Dow Chemical job fairs on campus. From 1969 to 1970, student protesters attacked 197 ROTC buildings on college campuses. Protests grew after the
1189:; conducting medical programs for civilians who had no access to medical facilities; facilitating cooperation among local civilian leaders; conducting hygiene and other training for civilians; and engaging in similar activities.
4613:† Various committees and campaigns for peace in Vietnam came about, including Campaign for Disarmament, Campaign to End the Air War, Campaign to Stop Funding the War, Campaign to Stop the Air War, Catholic Peace Fellowship, and
2315:(TWWA) expanded the NWRO's reach by including black, Puerto Rican, Chicana, Asian, and Indigenous women. The TWWA, organized against the Vietnam War from an internationalist and anti-imperialist perspective, linked the cost of
2230:, sat down in front of Westover Air Force Base near Chicopee, Massachusetts, along with 1000 students, some faculty, and his wife Barbara to protest against Richard Nixon's escalation of offensive bombing in Southeast Asia.
1304:. By this time, it had also become commonplace for the most radical anti-war demonstrators to prominently display the flag of the Viet Cong "enemy," an act which alienated many who were otherwise morally opposed to the war.
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In October 1967, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee held hearings on resolutions urging President Johnson to request an emergency session of the United Nations security council to consider proposals for ending the war.
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Americans to think more critically about the war. Art as war opposition was quite popular in the early years of the war, but soon faded as political activism became the more common and most visible way of opposing the war.
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There were also Asian American musicians who traveled around the United States to oppose the imperialist actions of the American government, specifically their involvement in Vietnam. "The folk trio 'A Grain of Sand' ...
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July 6 – four Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur on a White House Tour stopped and began praying to protest the war. In the next six weeks, such kneel-ins became a popular form of protest and led to over 158 protesters'
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Another attractive feature of the opposition movement was the fact that it was a popular social event. Most student anti-war organisations were locally or campus-based, including chapters of the very loosely coordinated
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1966, 191,749 college students enrolled in ROTC. By 1973, the number was 72,459." The number of ROTC students in college drastically dropped and the program lost any momentum it once had before the anti-war movement.
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1968:
Protest of American participation in the Vietnam War was a movement in which many popular musicians participated, a stark contrast to the pro-war compositions of artists during World War II. The musicians included
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condemned King for his "Beyond Vietnam" speech, while the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) disallowed him. The "Beyond Vietnam" speech involved King in a debate with the diplomat
2242:, because they were easier to organize and participate in than national groups. Common anti-war demonstrations for college students featured attempts to sever ties between the war machine and universities through
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May 22 – the Canadian government announced that immigration officials would not and could not ask about immigration applicants' military status if they showed up at the border seeking permanent residence in
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a US-flagged merchant vessel under contract with the US government, carrying 10,000 tons of napalm bombs for use by the US Air Force in the Vietnam War. The hijackers forced its master to divert to then-neutral
1533:, Jerry Abrams, Peter Gessner, and David Ringo created documentary-style movies featuring footage from the anti-war marches to raise awareness about the war and the diverse opposition movement. Playwrights like
3710:, from holding a job fair on campus. The police eventually forced the demonstration to end, but Dow was banned from the campus. Three police officers and 65 students were injured in the event, dubbed "Dow Day".
1874:, became a more mainstream protest tactic. As of 1972, an estimated 200,000–500,000 people were refusing to pay the excise taxes on their telephone bills, and another 20,000 were resisting part or all of their
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Schuman, Howard. 2000. 'Two Sources of Antiwar Sentiment in America,' in Hixson, Walter L. (ed) The United States and the Vietnam War: Significant Scholarly Articles. New York: Garland Publishing, pp. 127–150
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July 30 – Gallup poll reported 52% of Americans disapproved of Johnson's handling of the war, 41% thought the US made a mistake in sending troops, and over 56% thought the US was losing the war or at an
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January 15 – over five thousand women rallied in D.C. in the Jeannette Rankin Brigade protest. This was the first all-female anti-war protest intended to get Congress to withdrawal troops from Vietnam.
615:) was not legally justifiable. Some Americans believed that the communist threat was used to hide imperialistic intentions. Others argued that the American intervention in South Vietnam interfered with the
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February – Gallup poll showed 35% approved of Johnson's handling of the war; 50% disapproved; the rest, no opinion. In another poll that month, 23% of Americans defined themselves as "doves" and 61%
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that, "in the course of the war, there developed in the United States the greatest anti-war movement the nation had ever experienced, a movement that played a critical role in bringing the war to an end."
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To gain an exemption or deferment, many men attended college, though they had to remain in college until their 26th birthday to be certain of avoiding the draft. Some men were rejected by the military as
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April 17 – National media films the anti-war riot that breaks out at Columbia University. The over-reaction by the police at Columbia is shown in Berlin and Paris, sparking reactions in those cities.
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May – A Gallup poll shows that 56% of the public believed that sending troops to Vietnam was a mistake, 61% of those over 50 expressed that belief compared to 49% of those between the ages of 21–29.
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Witnesses described that legal, by-the-book instruction was augmented by more questionable training by non-commissioned officers as to how soldiers should conduct themselves. One witness testified about
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over 700 medals on the West Steps of the Capitol building. The next day, anti-war organizers claimed that 500,000 people had marched, making this the largest demonstration since the November 1969 march.
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Many women in America sympathized with the Vietnamese civilians affected by the war and joined the opposition movement. They protested the use of napalm, a highly flammable jelly weapon created by the
921:, a leading intellectual opponent of the war. In the essay, Chomsky argued that much responsibility for the war lay with liberal intellectuals and technical experts who were providing, what he saw as,
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Beyond opposition to the draft, anti-war protesters also made moral arguments against US involvement in Vietnam. In May 1954, preceding the Quaker protests but just after the defeat of the French at
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The clergy, often a forgotten group during the opposition to the Vietnam War, played a large role as well. The clergy covered any of the religious leaders and members, including individuals such as
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joined the race for the US presidency as an anti-war candidate. He was shot and killed on June 5, the morning after he won a decisive victory over McCarthy in the Democratic primary in California.
1365:, leading his people to freedom." These figures were driven from public life by McCarthyism, however, and black leaders were more cautious about criticizing US foreign policy as the 1960s began.
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Aaron Fountain "The War in the Schools: San Francisco Bay Area High Schools and the Anti–Vietnam War Movement, 1965–1973" pp. 22–41 from California History, Volume 92, Issue 2, Summer 2015
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Echols, Alice (1992). "'Women Power' and Women's Liberation: Exploring the Relationship between the Antiwar Movement and the Women's Liberation Movement". In Melvin Small, William Hoover (ed.).
5189:, a 1998 book by Vietnam veteran and sociology professor Jerry Lembcke which argues against the widely believed narrative that American soldiers were spat upon and insulted by antiwar protesters
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April – Gallup poll shows that 59% believe that sending troops to Vietnam was not a mistake. Among the age group of 21–29, 71% believe it was not a mistake compared to 48% of those over 50.
1647:. Both Boggs and Kochiyama were inspired by the civil rights movement of the 1960s and "a growing number of Asian Americans began to push forward a new era in radical Asian American politics."
2796:, he argued for the immediate, unilateral withdrawal of US forces from Vietnam. During nearly two hours of discussions with committee members, Kerry related in some detail the findings of the
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reject the mainstream view of how the media influenced the war and propose that the media instead censored the more brutal images of the fighting and the death of millions of innocent people.
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Many artists during the 1960s and 1970s opposed the war and used their creativity and careers to oppose the war visibly. Writers and poets who were opposed to involvement in the war included
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strikes on villages which did not appear to have any military presence. Soldiers were claimed to use racist terms such as "gooks", "dinks" and "slant eyes" when referring to the Vietnamese.
1627:, they also had to address sexism as well. This, in turn, led to women's leadership in the Asian American antiwar movement. Patsy Chan, a "Third World" activist, said at an antiwar rally in
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When the American public was asked about the Vietnam-era Anti-War movement in the 1990s, 39% of the public said they approved, while 39% said they disapproved. The last 22% were unsure.
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people that the military had been less than truthful about the success of earlier military operations, and, ultimately, the ability to achieve a meaningful military solution in Vietnam.
648:
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was broadcast. "It showed GIs close to mutiny, balking at orders that seemed to them unreasonable. This was something never seen on television before." The documentary was produced by
2077:, one of the most successful protest bands. Although this song was not on music charts probably because it was too radical, it was performed at many public events including the famous
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1965 and 1966, African Americans accounted for 25 percent of combat deaths, more than twice their proportion of the population. As a result, black enlisted men protested and began the
1412:
when he told a journalist that "millions of dollars can be spent every day to hold troops in South Vietnam and our country cannot protect the rights of Negroes in Selma". In 1965, the
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4535:(TWLF) – Some Asian American student organizations under this were: Filipino American Collegiate (PACE), Asian American Political Alliance (AAPA), and Chinese for Social Action (ICSA)
4458:
Corps of Kazoos (FUCK) – created to make fun of the military and campus ROTC program at Furman University in South Carolina. Such anti-campus ROTC groups were common throughout the US
3641:, a 2005 biography, during the tour, several college students protested the astronaut, and shouted such phrases as "Murderers get out of Vietnam!" and other anti-Vietnam War messages.
4513:
issues of libertarian newspapers, bulletins, and journals, the civil rights movement, Black nationalism, or race in general composed no more than 1 percent of all articles surveyed."
1506:. Artists often incorporated imagery based on the tragic events of the war, as well as on the disparity between life in Vietnam and life in the United States. Visual artists such as
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Debenedette, Charles. (2000). On the Significance of Citizen Peace Activism: America, 1961–1975,' in Hixson, Walter (ed) the Vietnam Antiwar Movement. New York: Garland Publishing
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1478:. After taking measures to reduce the fatalities, apparently in response to widespread protest, the military brought the proportion of blacks down to 12.6 percent of casualties.
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in New York City. Huang viewed his actions as part of an anti-imperialist opposition to the war in Vietnam, as he deemed the Taiwan government as an "accomplice of Washington."
1912:, which warned of the harmful effects of pesticide use on the earth. For demonstrators, Carson's warnings coincided with the United States' use of chemicals in Vietnam such as
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4946:
2622:
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protests. By 1967, an increasing number of Americans considered military involvement in Vietnam to be a mistake. This was echoed decades later by former Secretary of Defense
4912:
2207:
argues that the post World War II affluence set the stage for the protest generation in the 1960s. His central thesis is that the World Wars and Great Depression spawned a '
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movements, as well as sectors of organized labor. Additional involvement came from many other groups, including educators, clergy, academics, journalists, lawyers, military
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ran on its cover a cartoon of a female Viet Cong guerrilla being faced with an Asian-American soldier who is commanded by his white officer to "Kill that gook, you gook!".
1898:
Momentum from the protest organizations and the impact of the war on the environment became the focal point of issues to an overwhelmingly main force for the growth of an
9023:
Tygart, Clarence. "Social Movement Participation: Clergy and the Anti-Vietnam War Movement." Sociological Analysis Vol. 34. No. 3 (Autumn, 1973): pp. 202–211. Print.
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organized over 3,000 people across the nation in an antiwar tax protest. Participants refused to pay their taxes or did not pay the amount designated for funding the war.
977:, in Boston in 1968. By the late 1960s, one-quarter of all court cases dealt with the draft, including men accused of draft-dodging and men petitioning for the status of
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rallied in Washington, D.C., while about 250,000 rallied in San Francisco. The Washington demonstration was preceded by the "March against Death" on November 13 and 14.
1589:." The organization supported the Japanese Community Youth Center, members of the Asian Community Center, student leaders of Asian American student unions, and others.
1074:, but he did surprisingly well against an incumbent. The resulting blow to the Johnson campaign, combined with other factors, led the President to announce that he was
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9501:
4962:
3644:
June 23 – President Johnson was met in Los Angeles by a massive anti-war protest on the street outside the hotel where he was speaking at a Democratic fundraiser.
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3476:(WSP) marched to the Pentagon. This was a peaceful protest that became rowdier when the demonstrators were denied a meeting with Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara.
3035:
second effect was very prevalent and it was the uproar at many colleges and universities as an effect of the opposition to the United States' involvement in Vietnam.
2964:
The opposition to the United States' involvement in the Vietnam War had many effects, which arguably led to the eventual end of the involvement of the United States.
1162:
The US realized that the South Vietnamese government needed a solid base of popular support if it were to survive the insurgency. To pursue this goal of winning the "
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6227:, Keiji Hirano, Kyodo News, The Japan Times, February 16, 2002. (Web edition hosted by lbo-talk under the title "What Japanese Anti-Vietnam War activists are up to")
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conducted a raid on the Camden, New Jersey draft board offices. The 28 included five or more members of the clergy, as well as a number of local blue-collar workers.
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3718:
3542:
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published the results of a Gallup poll showing that 53% of the respondents approved of Nixon's handling of the war, 30% disapproved, and the balance had no opinion.
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later described it, "achieving Peace with Honor." Additionally, instances of Viet Cong atrocities were widely reported, most notably in an article that appeared in
10951:
5149:
4720:" was a popular slogan used by socially conscious and minority antiwar groups, protesting that the war diverted funds that struggling Americans desperately needed.
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and decreased acceptance of societal gender roles than older women activists. Female activists' disillusion with the anti-war movement led to the formation of the
344:
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anti-war demonstrations across the United States. The demonstrations prompted many workers to call in sick from their jobs and adolescents nationwide engaged in
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3954:
3947:
167:
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was shot and killed by a policeman while watching and commenting on the anti-Vietnam War and education reform student protests at the University of Puerto Rico.
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showed 48% of US respondents felt the government was handling the war effectively, 28% felt the situation was being handled badly, and the rest had no opinion.
3822:
was launched and resulted in much higher casualties and changed perceptions. The optimistic assessments made prior to the offensive by the administration and
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formed the Stop It Committee. The group was prominent in every major London anti-war demonstration. It remained active until the end of the war in April 1975.
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4027:, and several others bombed several corporate offices and military installations (including the Whitehall Army Induction Center) in and around New York City.
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875:. They intended to introduce legislation making these activities illegal. Anti-war demonstrators disrupted the meeting, with 50 individuals being arrested.
502:. Nixon began the draw-down of US troops in April 1969. Protests spiked after the announcement of the expansion of the war into Cambodia in April 1970. The
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military induction center, and saw more than a thousand registrants return their draft cards in events across the country. The cards were delivered to the
1057:
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August 24 – near 3:40 a.m., a van filled with ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixture was detonated on the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the
3983:, toured and performed on behalf of her husband, throughout the remainder of 1969, attempting to raise consciousness around the issue of ending the draft.
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8334:
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covered the dissent and domestic controversy that existed within the United States, but mostly excluded the expressed views of dissidents and resisters.
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This collection contains leaflets and newspapers that were distributed on the University of Washington campus during the decades of the 1960s and 1970s.
8932:
3979:
was arrested for refusing the draft and would ultimately serve a fifteen-month prison sentence; Harris' wife, prominent musician, pacifist and activist
1851:
Student opposition groups on many college and university campuses seized campus administration offices and in several instances forced the expulsion of
1312:
As the Vietnam War continued to escalate, public disenchantment grew, and a variety of different groups were formed or became involved in the movement.
12525:
10876:
6657:
Harrison, Benjamin T. (2000)'Roots of the Anti-Vietnam War Movement,' in Hixson, Walter (ed) the Vietnam Antiwar Movement. New York: Garland Publishing
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2615:
2382:
311:
160:
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McCarthy, David. "'The Sun Never Sets on the Activities of the CIA': Project Resistance at William and Mary". Routledge Publishing: September 4, 2012.
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brought to bear 23,000 police and National Guardsman upon 10,000 protesters. Tensions between police and protesters quickly escalated, resulting in a
3316:
July 3 – A crowd of 4,000 demonstrated against the US war in London and scuffled with police outside the US embassy. 33 protesters were arrested.
12088:
3313:
June – The Gallup poll respondents supporting the US handling of the war slipped to 41%, 37% expressed disapproval, and the rest had no opinion.
4148:
3031:
8738:
Schoenwald Jonathan (2001). "No War, No Welfare, and No Damm Taxation: The Student Libertarian Movement, 1968–1972", in Gilbert, Marc Jason (ed).
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October 15 – the first large scale act of civil disobedience in opposition to the Vietnam War occurred when approximately 40 people staged a
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and only informational in nature. As a condition of room use, press and camera presence were not permitted, but the proceedings were transcribed.
4494:
3849:' rapidly becoming fashionable among war opponents for a more clean-cut style to in order not to scare voters. These were known as "Clean Genes."
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to disperse the crowd. Due to the size and violence of this event, Johnson attempted no further public speeches in venues outside military bases.
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to protest the war, where they were addressed by critics of the war such as Benjamin Spock, Martin Luther King Jr., event initiator and director
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activists. By 1971 the United States military would become so demoralized that the military would have severe difficulties properly waging war.
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2054:, describes the song as "scary funk ... his sound over the drone shifts from a woman's scream, to a siren, to a fighter plane diving, all amid
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2668:, had called for formal investigations into the allegations, but Congress chose not to endorse these proceedings. As such, the hearings were
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challenged the white left to escalate their resistance to the military draft in a manner similar to the black movement. Some participants in
17:
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4244:; two people were killed. Immediately after the marchers were dispersed, sheriff's deputies raided a nearby bar, where they shot and killed
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in the 1950's, and in November 1960, 1,100 Quakers undertook a silent protest vigil. The group "ringed the Pentagon for parts of two days".
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May 15 – another large demonstration, with 10,000 picketers calling for an end to the war, took place outside the White House and the
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6971:""There has always been a Black women's peace movement': Women of Colour and Anti-War Activism in the U.S., 1968-1972 – Frankie Chappell""
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Guttmann, Allen. 1969. Protest against the War in Vietnam. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 382. pp. 56–63,
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demonstrators converged on Washington, D.C. to protest the shooting of the students in Ohio and the Nixon administration's incursion into
2170:
1592:
The BAACAW members consisted of many Asian Americans, and they were involved in anti-war efforts like marches, study groups, fundraisers,
1197:" as a way of measuring military success on the battlefield, civilian casualties during the bombing of villages (symbolized by journalist
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STATUE OF LIBERTY – Celebrating the Immigrant: An Administrative History of the Statue of Liberty National Monument 1952 – 1982
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were published in June 1971. The last draftees reported in late 1972, and the last US combat troops withdrew from Vietnam in March 1973.
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May 5 – 1,146 people were arrested on the Capitol grounds trying to shut down Congress. This brought the total arrested during the
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and others ended with police beating many of the marchers, a precursor to the police riots later that year at the Democratic Convention.
1276:; others opposed it because they felt it lacked clear objectives and appeared to be unwinnable. Many anti-war activists themselves were
10941:
6275:
5318:
Herman, Edward S. & Chomsky, Noam. (2002) Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books.
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4169:
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September 1968, 54% of Americans polled believed it was a mistake to send troops to Vietnam, while 37% believed it was not a mistake.
1043:
bringing the Viet Cong into open battle and dismantling them as a fighting force, the American media, including respected figures like
895:
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Voters in San Francisco Reject Immediate Vietnam Cease-Fire; San Franciscans Reject Proposal for a Cease-Fire and Withdrawal of Troops
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May 13 – protests again spread across the country in response to President Nixon's decision to mine harbors in North Vietnam and
3326:
Protests, strikes and sit-ins continued at Berkeley and across other campuses throughout the year. Three army privates, known as the "
1416:(SNCC) became the first major civil rights group to issue a formal statement against the war. When SNCC-backed Georgia Representative
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poster is published – "easily the most successful poster to vent the outrage that so many felt about the war in Southeast Asia."
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Another element of the American opposition to the war was the perception that US justification for intervention in Vietnam (i.e. the
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the same biographical factors applied to the college-aged anti-war protesters. David Meyers (2007) also explains how the concept of
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On October 16, 1967, draft card turn-ins were held across the country, yielding more than 1,000 draft cards, later returned to the
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The American public's support of the Vietnam War decreased as the war continued on. As public support decreased, opposition grew.
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defence was that the arms race and the Vietnam War were taking much-needed resources away from the civil rights movement and the
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attempted, with the help of anthropologists, to isolate rural South Vietnamese villages and affect the loyalty of the residents.
330:
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7029:"At the Intersection of Race, Gender, and Class: Honoring the Revolutionary Feminist Legacy of the Third World Women's Alliance"
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Fountain, Aaron "The War in the Schools: San Francisco Bay Area High Schools and the Anti–Vietnam War Movement, 1965–1973" p. 33
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Late August – A Gallup poll showed that 24% of Americans view sending troops to Vietnam as a mistake versus 60% who do not.
2185:
There was a great deal of civic unrest on college campuses throughout the 1960s as students became increasingly involved in the
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women our militant solidarity with our brothers and sisters from Indochina. We, as Third World people know of the struggle the
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SNCC had special significance as a nexus between the student movement and the black movement. At an SDS-organized conference at
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acknowledged his agreement with the anti-war statement, he was refused his seat by the State of Georgia, an injustice which he
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1201:'s famous quote, "it became necessary to destroy the town to save it"), and the killing of civilians in such incidents as the
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March 26 – anti-war demonstrations were held around the country and the world, with 20,000 taking part in New York City.
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emboldened by the ghetto rebellions." SNCC appears to have originated the popular anti-draft slogan: "Hell no! We won't go!"
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Of those soldiers who served during the war, there was increasing opposition to the conflict amongst GIs, which resulted in
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4172:. The commission was directed to study the dissent, disorder, and violence breaking out on college and university campuses.
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to take over responsibility for the war from the US, 19% favored the current policy, and 33% wanted total military victory.
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Over 30,000 people left the country and went to Canada, Sweden, and Mexico to avoid the draft. The Japanese anti-war group
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are waging against imperialism, because we share that common enemy in the United States." Some other notable figures were
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248:
223:
3599:, which ruled that the US and its allies had committed war crimes in Vietnam. The proceedings were criticized as being a "
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In addition to Ron Dellums (Dem-CA), an additional 19 Congressional representatives took part in the hearings, including:
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ran against him for the Democratic nomination on an anti-war platform. McCarthy did not win the first primary election in
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of the country, expressing that the war in Vietnam was a civil war that ought to have determined the fate of the country.
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from August 28 to September 3, attracting 100,000 participants. The festival, arranged by the People's Army Jamboree (an
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Sherwin, Wilson; Fox Piven, Frances (2019). "The Radical Feminist Legacy of the National Welfare Rights Organization".
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5329:"UC Berkeley Library Social Activism Sound Recording Project: Anti-Vietnam War Protests – San Francisco Bay Area"
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been organized by 100 members of the German SDS who were "acknowledged experts in methods of riot against the police."
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In April 1971, thousands of these veterans converged on the White House in Washington, D.C., and hundreds threw their
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10887:
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4464:– coffeehouses created by anti-war activists as a method of supporting antiwar and anti-military sentiment among GIs.
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January 18 – while in the White House for a conference about juvenile delinquency, black singer and entertainer
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Some Americans who were not subject to the draft protested the conscription of their tax dollars for the war effort.
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Kornbluh, Felicia (1998). "The Goals of the National Welfare Rights Movement: Why We Need Them Thirty Years Later".
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Records of Statement on the War in Vietnam are held by Simon Fraser University's Special Collections and Rare Books
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Civil Affairs units, while remaining armed and under direct military control, engaged in what came to be known as "
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7479:"Eleven Bayonetted and 131 Arrested at Student Union Building :: UNM Timeline | The University of New Mexico"
4586:(WILPF) – founded in 1919 after World War I and provided women with an early entry into the antiwar movement.
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May 30 – Jan Crumb and ten like-minded men attended a peace demonstration in Washington, D.C., and on June 1
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and various other NASA officials began a tour of South America to raise awareness for space travel. According to
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Attitudes of US citizens towards the Vietnam War between May 1966 and May 1971, according to public opinion polls
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in November 1965 demonstrated how strongly some people felt that the war was immoral. On November 2, 32-year-old
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March 17 – a group of anti-war citizens marched to the Pentagon to protest American involvement in Vietnam.
2781:) on proposals relating to ending the war. On the third day of the hearings, April 22, 1971, future Senator and
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American opposition to the military draft was impelled by a sentiment that the draft was unfairly administered.
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Henderson, David. 'Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky: Jimi Hendrix, Voodoo Child. New York: Atria, 2009. 339. Print
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9030:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. December 15, 2013.
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Berhe, Solomon; Doran, Derek; De la Rosa Algaran, Alberto; Hart, Darlene; Maynard, Marc; Stout, Meena (2008).
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Berhe, Solomon; Doran, Derek; De la Rosa Algaran, Alberto; Hart, Darlene; Maynard, Marc; Stout, Meena (2008).
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Berhe, Solomon; Doran, Derek; De la Rosa Algaran, Alberto; Hart, Darlene; Maynard, Marc; Stout, Meena (2008).
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Meyer, David S. 2007. The Politics of Protest: Social Movements in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
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in the United States. Another 19 cards were burned on May 22, 1965, at a demonstration following the Berkeley
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Social Activism Sound Recording Project: Anti-Vietnam War Protests in the San Francisco Bay Area & Beyond
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National Black Draft Counselors (NBDC) – led by and created to help young black men avoid being drafted.
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2050:", dedicated to those fighting in Vietnam, this protest of violence is manifest. David Henderson, author of '
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http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2009/05/crowd-battles-lapd-as-war-protest-turns-violent-.html
3845:, leading to more expressions of opposition against the war. McCarthy urged his supporters to exchange the '
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protest was attended by 2,500 participants. This model was to be repeated at 35 campuses across the country.
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David McCarthy, "'The Sun Never Sets on the Activities of the CIA': Project Resistance at William and Mary"
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4476: – founded in 1920, was one of the first groups to call for an end to military involvement in Vietnam.
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3330:", refused to deploy in Vietnam, calling the war "illegal and immoral", and were sentenced to prison terms.
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2110:" embodied Dylan's anti-war, pro-civil rights sentiment. To complement "Blowin' in the Wind" Dylan's song "
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entered the race on March 16 and ran for the nomination on an anti-war platform. Johnson's vice president,
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As Obama Visits Afghanistan, Tavis Smiley on Rev. Martin Luther King and His Opposition to the Vietnam War
8794:""Hell no, we won't go!" The infamous chant is shouted by draft opponents in the streets of New York City"
4681:" was heard in mass marches in Washington D.C., Seattle, San Francisco, Berkeley, New York, and San Diego.
802:
Draft card protests were primarily aimed at the immoral conduct of the war, rather than the draft itself.
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that mainly drew from minorities and lower and middle-class whites, drove much of the protest after 1965.
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March – polls indicated that 19% of Americans wanted the war to end as soon as possible, 26% wanted
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April 26 – a million college and high school students boycotted class to show opposition to the war.
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August – attempts were made by activists at Berkeley to stop the movement of trains carrying troops.
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2216:
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of Vietnamese women, which in turn affected how Asian American women in the military were treated. "In a
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soldiers in the US military were many times classified as being like the enemy. They were referred to as
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The US became polarized over the war. Many supporters of US involvement argued for what was known as the
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Rads: The 1970 Bombing of the Army Math Research Center at the University of Wisconsin and Its Aftermath
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were also concerned about maintaining dignity in the event of disengaging from the war or, as President
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view of the war and how they dealt with it, but as a whole, the clergy was completely against the war.
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1916:, a chemical compound that was used to clear forestry being used as cover, initially conducted by the
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US Marshals dragging away an anti-Vietnam War protester during a demonstration at the Pentagon in 1967
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Lift Up Your Voice Like A Trumpet: White Clergy And The Civil Rights And Antiwar Movements, 1954–1973
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Lift Up Your Voice Like A Trumpet: White Clergy And The Civil Rights And Antiwar Movements, 1954–1973
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involved. Also, a conviction for certain crimes earned an exclusion, the topic of the anti-war song "
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Lift Up Your Voice Like A Trumpet: White Clergy And The Civil Rights And Antiwar Movements, 1954–1973
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officer suspected of participating in the murder of South Vietnamese government officials during the
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and used as a weapon during the war, by boycotting Saran Wrap, another product made by the company.
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article, , Evelyn Yoshimura noted that the US military systematically portrayed Vietnamese women as
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and their identity was racialized in comparison to their Non-Asian counterparts. There was also the
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9166:, multimedia collection of photographs, video, oral histories and essays on Vietnam War resistance.
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March – Gallup poll reported that 49% of respondents felt involvement in the war was an error.
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maintain American interests in Asia, which made it impossible "to ask young Americans to die for."
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on May 5, 1965. Student activists at the University of California Berkeley marched on the Berkeley
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participated in the largest anti-war demonstration in Los Angeles. Police attacked the crowd with
4117:(which promptly was taken over by anti-Communists, who eventually returned to the ship to the US).
4048:(through "for their future security"), it suggests that the right and duty of revolting against a
3695:, a longtime critic of the war in Vietnam, was among those arrested in the Oakland demonstrations.
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From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Struggle for Economic Justice
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From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Struggle for Economic Justice
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From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Struggle for Economic Justice
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From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Struggle for Economic Justice
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From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Struggle for Economic Justice
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1105:, also ran for the nomination, promising to continue to support the South Vietnamese government.
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was elected President of the United States in 1968 on the platform of ending the Vietnam War and
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4488:(NBAWADU) – led by Gwen Patton and formed from black members of SNCC and socialist parties.
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was, because it certainly was not known among them. The statement of one of the soldiers reads:
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unfit for service failing to meet physical, mental, or moral standards. Still others joined the
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By the middle of the decade, open condemnation of the war became more common, with figures like
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sought to portray the devastation the war was causing to the South Vietnamese people and won an
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4470:– an organization of anti-war and anti-military GIs formed within the US Navy in San Diego, CA.
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6678:"The Disobedience of John William Ward: Myth, Symbol, and Political Praxis in the Vietnam Era"
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pacifism." The organization used civil disobedience in direct action against military action.
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was arrested on charges of interstate travel to incite a riot and assaulting a police officer.
1522:, among many others, created anti-war works. According to art historian Matthew Israel's book
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Vietnam, The Necessary War: A Reinterpretation of America's Most Disastrous Military Conflict
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4199:: To avert potential violence arising from planned anti-war protests, a government-sponsored
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A demonstration against Vietnam War conscription at Martin Place & Garden Island Dock in
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4217:, was set up when the FBI told the governor that President Nixon's planned appearance at an
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May – First anti-Vietnam War demonstration in London was staged outside the US embassy.
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in New York staged the first draft card burning, resulting in an arrest under the new law.
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8611:"Peaceful Antiwar Protests Held Here And in Other Cities Across the Nation", John Darnton,
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4774:" was especially chanted by students and other marchers and demonstrators in opposition to
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4502: – popularized the use of kneel-ins and prayer to end the war and stop its escalation.
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February 8 – Christian groups opposed to the war staged a nationwide "Fast for Peace."
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3156:, set herself on fire in the first known act of self-immolation to protest the Vietnam War.
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documented the events surrounding the march, and the march on the Pentagon itself, in his
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6309:"1962 – Operation Ranch Hand > Air Force Historical Support Division > Fact Sheets"
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981:. Over 210,000 men were accused of draft-related offenses, 25,000 of whom were indicted.
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The growing anti-war movement alarmed many in the US government. On August 16, 1966, the
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7745:"Gale – Free Resources – Black History – Biographies – Muhammad Ali"
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April 4 – Martin Luther King Jr. gave a speech in New York City. "America rejected
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maintained a very pro-war editorial stance until October 1967, when the editor-in-chief
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4767:" was a common anti-war chant during anti-war marches and rallies in the later sixties.
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2211:' refusing to conform to mainstream American values which lead to the emergence of the
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in the United States. Many of the environment-oriented demonstrations were inspired by
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University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Vietnam War Era Ephemera
5166:, a 2005 documentary about the anti-war movement in the ranks of the U.S. Armed Forces
2120:, former member of the Beatles, did most of his activism in his solo career with wife
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sang for us. ... We followed his career as if he were singing our songs." The anthem "
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9230: – Organization of Vietnam War peace activists, including veterans and scholars.
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March 5 – Senator J. William Fulbright was prevented from speaking at the first
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August – Gallup poll shows 53% said it was a mistake to send troops to Vietnam.
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became prominent opponents of the Vietnam War, and Bevel became the director of the
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If America's soul becomes totally poisoned, part of the autopsy must read "Vietnam."
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magazine: Remembering Martin Luther King Jr. 40 Years Later. Time Inc, 2008. p. 139
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and many other activities which hampered the US's ability to wage war effectively.
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Lunch, William (March 1979). "American Public Opinion and the War in VietnamWar".
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GI Underground Newspaper May 1970 – 1000 GIs march against the war.
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October – 58% of Gallup respondents said US entry into the war was a mistake.
3887:, anti-war protesters marched and demonstrated throughout the city. Chicago mayor
3013:
2801:
1932:
1695:
racial equality through this speech but tried to voice an end to the war instead.
12486:
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9108:
Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era
8356:
8338:
8298:
8259:
8234:
8209:
8174:
8159:
8139:
8125:
7904:
7782:
7708:"Commentaries for 2011 – Pew Research Center for the People & the Press"
6585:
6565:
6542:
6414:
6364:
6340:
6224:
6205:
6177:
Tygart, "Social Movement Participation: Clergy and the Anti-Vietnam War Movement"
5913:
5144:
5064:
5054:
4461:
4404:
4283:
4218:
3838:
3827:
3747:
3561:, and Jan Barry Crumb, a veteran of the war. On the same date 100,000, including
3558:
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3245:
3238:
3048:
2789:
2688:
2529:
2227:
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2006:
1833:
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1507:
1495:
1277:
1221:
1202:
1182:
1155:
1120:
1102:
1083:
1067:
1062:
Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election
1044:
832:
825:
536:
504:
476:
430:
213:
11616:
9157:
8167:
7799:
Dann, Jim; Dillon, Hari. "2: The Retreat From the Anti-War Movement 1967-1968".
4336:
for encircling the Federal Courthouse with a chain, to protest the trial of the
4077:
3429:
Placards reading "USA out of Vietnam" and "USA murder" during demonstrations in
1185:": constructing (or reconstructing) schools, public buildings, roads, and other
883:
12265:
12239:
12189:
11492:
11374:
11269:
11199:
10853:
10672:
10435:
10405:
10309:
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10284:
10239:
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9932:
9879:
9705:
9558:
9208:
9114:
8343:
8239:
8214:
7975:
6579:
Bringing It All Back Home or Another Side of Bob Dylan: Midwestern Isolationist
6559:
Bringing It All Back Home or Another Side of Bob Dylan: Midwestern Isolationist
4573:
4569:
3741:, attempted to "exorcise" and "levitate" the building, while others engaged in
3738:
3673:
3632:
3455:
3442:
Johnson attempted no further public speeches in venues outside military bases.
3398:
2752:
2736:
2716:
2700:
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2198:
2010:
1859:
1763:
1644:
1491:
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1212:
1186:
970:
934:
805:
At that time, only a fraction of all men of draft-able age were actually being
465:
441:
403:
10145:
9286:
9224: – Documentary on draft resistance and its impact during the Vietnam War.
6588:." Journal of American Studies 26.3 (1992): 352. JSTOR. Web. January 26, 2011.
6568:." Journal of American Studies 26.3 (1992): 351. JSTOR. Web. January 26, 2011.
4749:
in antinuclear demonstrations and became incorporated into the antiwar events.
3241:, a 31-year-old pacifist, set himself on fire below the third-floor window of
2197:. Doug McAdam explains the success of the mass mobilization of volunteers for
1569:
war "not just as imperialist but specifically as anti-Asian." Groups like the
448:
youth. Opposition grew with the participation of leaders and activists of the
12550:
12162:
12033:
11917:
11899:
11706:
11691:
11656:
11440:
11344:
10800:
10738:
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10645:
10620:
10425:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9837:
9803:
9675:
9635:
9568:
9512:
9191:
8476:"Protesters Fail to Stop Congress, Police Seize 1,146", James M. McNaughton,
8163:
6942:
6287:
5860:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 328.
5796:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 319.
5771:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 310.
5746:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University Of Pennsylvania Press. p. 309.
5721:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 309.
4577:
4441:
4315:
4237:
4200:
3940:
3904:
3819:
3763:
3730:
3569:
3402:
2365:
2203:
2133:
2066:
2032:
1970:
1908:
1903:
1814:
1810:
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helped some American soldiers to desert and hide from the military in Japan.
1628:
1542:
1421:
1241:
1171:
1091:
1071:
1020:
925:
justification for the policies of the US government. The Time Inc. magazines
922:
852:
671:
608:
601:
495:
306:
273:
182:
8246:
7232:"Casualties, Public Opinion, and Presidential Policy during the Vietnam War"
5435:
The Brothers' Vietnam War: Black Power, Manhood, and the Military Experience
1090:
initiated secret peace negotiations at the apartment of French intermediary
494:
in August 1964, with US ground troops arriving in Vietnam on March 8, 1965.
12280:
11762:
11701:
11537:
10753:
10591:
10445:
10383:
10349:
10319:
9922:
9917:
9827:
9817:
9710:
9522:
9441:
8360:
8308:, Volume 76, Number 137, pp.1-2, photocopy at retrieved March 1, 2018 from
8090:
7894:
Day of Protest, Night of Violence: The Century City Peace March, a Report
7731:
Antiwarriors: The Vietnam War and the Battle for America's Hearts and Minds
7572:
1964: May 12—Twelve students at a New York rally burn their draft cards ...
5162:
4705:
4643:
4561:
4553:
4429:
4020:
3961:
3917:, founded in 1968 by graduate students and junior faculty in Asian studies.
3903:
and prosecuted in 1969 for conspiracy to riot; the 1970 convictions of the
3873:
3546:
3493:
3418:
3356:
3334:
3264:
3249:
3208:
3168:
2977:
2792:
to testify before Congress in opposition to the war. Speaking on behalf of
2692:
2174:
2151:
2043:
1982:
1913:
1887:
1879:
1845:
1822:
1757:
1676:
1530:
1458:
1380:
risked his career and a prison sentence to resist the draft in 1966. Soon,
1377:
1354:
1237:
1198:
1175:
1078:
on March 31 in a televised speech. He also announced the initiation of the
966:
918:
836:
637:
571:
544:
243:
8221:
7802:
The Five Retreats: A History of the Failure of the Progressive Labor Party
7239:
Casualties, Public Opinion, and Presidential Policy During the Vietnam War
7013:
4221:
convention in Portland could lead to violence worse than that seen at the
1127:
killed. On October 15, 1969, hundreds of thousands of people took part in
871:(HUAC) began investigations of Americans who were suspected of aiding the
444:
within the United States at first consisted of many students, mothers and
11876:
11829:
11752:
11349:
11194:
11169:
10763:
10500:
10465:
10430:
10410:
10324:
10037:
9972:
9912:
9847:
9842:
9381:
8378:
Island X: Taiwanese Student Migrants, Campus Spies, and Cold War Activism
5674:
Black Against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party
5124:
4565:
4557:
4121:
4024:
3808:
3734:
3554:
3528:
3447:
3320:
3294:
3231:
3198:
2965:
2724:
2712:
2708:
2676:
2656:
2459:
2444:
2405:
2375:
2178:
2117:
2055:
2018:
1998:
1960:
1805:
1636:
1632:
1617:
1546:
1538:
1519:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1389:
1358:
1220:
in 1971. Covert counter-terror programs and semi-covert ones such as the
552:
532:
472:
208:
48:
9163:
7121:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. pp. 203–207.
6693:
6677:
6578:
6558:
6505:
5676:(University of California Press, 2013), pp. 29, 41–42, 102–103, 128–130.
3362:
June 1966 – American students and others in England meeting at the
3289:
February – a group of about 100 veterans attempted to return their
3182:
at student demonstrations in May organized by a new anti-war group, the
11782:
11254:
10795:
10607:
10485:
10470:
10460:
10279:
9987:
9937:
9852:
9832:
9355:
9085:
8933:"A LONG FRIENDSHIP - Why Vietnam made the president of India nostalgic"
8195:
6950:
4445:
4332:
March 29 – 166 people, many of them seminarians, were arrested in
4214:
4057:
3998:
3793:
3600:
3573:
3149:
3127:
leads six hundred people in an anti-war demonstration in San Francisco.
2805:
2785:
2684:
2661:
2039:
2002:
1986:
1875:
1841:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1405:
social injustice of the draft propelled involvement in antiwar groups.
1194:
11557:
9247:
Waging Peace in Vietnam – US Soldiers and Veterans Who Opposed the War
9008:
Apocalypse Then: American Intellectuals and the Vietnam War, 1954–1975
8406:"Pew Research Center: Generations Divide Over Military Action in Iraq"
8280:
7163:
6632:"Vietnam and the Soldiers' Revolt The Politics of a Forgotten History"
6535:
6407:
6357:
6333:
4674:" was heard in anti-draft and antiwar protests throughout the country.
2800:, in which veterans had described personally committing or witnessing
2142:
2089:, who attended and organized anti-war events and wrote such songs as "
1781:
Various anti-war groups, such as Another Mother for Peace, WILPF, and
814:
Act, making it a crime to knowingly destroy or mutilate a draft card.
11911:
11767:
11211:
10733:
10219:
9977:
9887:
8463:"Reports of Its Death Have Been Greatly Exaggerated", James Buckley,
8153:
6830:
The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America
4418:
4322:
4295:
3994:
3980:
3797:
3692:
3592:
3430:
3268:
3124:
2744:
2339:
to establish true equality for American women in all facets of life.
2098:
2086:
2078:
2022:
1978:
1974:
1944:
1883:
1867:
1797:
1369:
1273:
1087:
1066:
In 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson began his re-election campaign.
900:
750:
war in Southeast Asia, as communism was no longer a threat to them.
675:
612:
482:
US military involvement in Vietnam began in 1950 with the support of
425:
began in 1965 with demonstrations against the escalating role of the
9246:
9160:
Includes chronology, texts, online audio and video (via UC Berkeley)
6924:
3957:
by members of the Veterans and Reservists to End the War in Vietnam.
3683:
October – Stop the Draft Week resulted in major clashes at the
3621:
that the fire was caused by Belgian Maoists against the Vietnam War.
3413:
3186:. Events included a teach-in attended by 30,000, and the burning in
2304:
Many black mothers also joined and headed organizations such as the
11787:
11390:
11369:
10822:
10475:
9606:
9548:
9241:
7996:
7155:
5179:
5152:, book about soldier & sailor resistance during the Vietnam War
4875:
4727:" was an anti-draft slogan used by the SDS and other organizations.
4526:
4422:
4414:
4241:
4196:
4140:
4114:
4082:
4065:
4064:
By end of the year – 69% of students identified themselves as
3653:
3614:
3153:
3142:
2704:
2552:
2296:
itself through undermining the draft. Another Mother for Peace and
2121:
1789:
1700:
1593:
1158:, cited as an example of a war crime by anti-Vietnam War protesters
1016:
888:
855:. Both protests were conscious imitations of earlier (and ongoing)
799:
733:
52:
9020:
King, Martin Luther Jr. "Beyond Vietnam". New York. April 4, 1967.
7950:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 171–181.
7920:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 159–170.
6138:"Looking Like the Enemy: Political Identity & the Vietnam War"
3043:
1462:
milestone in King's critiques against imperialism and militarism.
1150:
1082:
with Vietnam in that speech. On August 4, 1969, US representative
9251:
8664:
8662:
8660:
8321:
7557:
Hell no, we won't go!: resisting the draft during the Vietnam War
3884:
3521:
2996:, holding a sign saying "bring all the troops home now!", in 1971
2720:
2212:
2061:
The song known to many as the anthem of the protest movement was
2035:
as one of the earliest musical protests against the Vietnam War.
1943:, and Gösta Cervin at a protest march against the Vietnam War in
1871:
1132:
780:
461:
9772:
9219:
7965:. Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. pp. 177–195.
7318:
7292:
7266:
6208:, Norton Starr, Journal of Statistics Education v. 5, n. 2, 1997
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
4482:– an anti-war and GI rights organization during the Vietnam War.
4101:
March 14 – two merchant seamen, claiming allegiance to the
4005:. Peace was a primary theme in this pivotal popular music event.
429:. Over the next several years, these demonstrations grew into a
11772:
11666:
11354:
10743:
10693:
10440:
10370:
9507:
9227:
7533:. Modern war studies. University Press of Kansas. p. 175.
6709:
5354:. Modern war studies. University Press of Kansas. p. 175.
5019:
4701:
4391:
4209:
4049:
3846:
3750:'s rifles, as seen in famous photographs of the event (such as
3707:
3531:'s revolutionary government seeking self-determination. ... " (
3459:
3224:
3187:
3137:
March 24 – organized by professors against the war at the
1745:
1444:
On April 4, 1967, King gave a much-publicized speech entitled "
1036:
763:
551:
played an active role despite their small numbers. Student and
352:
11845:
9141:
Norman's Triumph: the Transcendent Language of Self-Immolation
9038:
Norman's Triumph: the Transcendent Language of Self-Immolation
8754:
The War That Never Ends: Student Opposition to the Vietnam War
8657:
8203:"Two Who Say They Support S.D.S. Tell How They Hijacked Ship,"
7931:
Davies, Lawrence E. (November 8, 1967). "The New York Times".
6783:
The War That Never Ends: Student Opposition to the Vietnam War
5649:
Selma to Saigon: The Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War
5570:
Selma to Saigon: The Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War
5543:
Selma to Saigon: The Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War
4428:
Concerned Americans Abroad, London-based group established by
1658:
Another Japanese-American veteran, Mike Nakayama, reported to
1266:
732:
The media established a sphere of public discourse around the
10480:
9242:
A Matter of Conscience – GI Resistance During the Vietnam War
8694:
8692:
8492:"Statue of Liberty NM: An Administrative History (Chapter 1)"
5832:
American Reckoning: The Vietnam War and Our National Identity
5684:
5682:
5406:
4821:): Slogans chanted by leftists of Calcutta, including future
4155:
but nothing was resolved, and the protest went on as planned.
2664:" in Vietnam, which began April 25. Dellums, assisted by the
2655:
In January 1971, just weeks into his first term, Congressman
2097:", another key historical figure of the antiwar movement was
1293:
60:
8961:. contributor Charles Chatfield. Syracuse University Press.
6545:." Social Text 23 (1989): 132. JSTOR. Web. January 27, 2011.
6218:
Antiwar campaigners to donate documents to Vietnamese museum
4437:– an organization of officers formed within the US military.
3926:
1599:
The anti-war sentiment of Asian Americans was fueled by the
8957:
An American Ordeal: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era
8740:
The Vietnam War on Campus: Other Voices, More Distant Drums
7948:
Give Peace A Chance: Exploring the Vietnam Antiwar Movement
7918:
Give Peace A Chance: Exploring the Vietnam Antiwar Movement
7916:
Swerdlow, Amy (1992). Melvin Small; William Hoover (eds.).
7588:
An American Ordeal: The Antiwar Movement of the Vietnam Era
5437:. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. pp. 16–17.
5238:"Robert S. McNamara, Architect of a Futile War, Dies at 93"
4693:
4506:
4249:
4192:. One researcher was killed, and three others were injured.
3931:
3913:
1968 – Among the academic or scholarly groups was the
1852:
1605:
1573:, the Bay Area Coalition Against the War (BAACAW), and the
937:
came out against the war. Donovan wrote in an editorial in
558:
Opposition to the war arose during a time of unprecedented
12557:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
11523:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
11275:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
11113:
9502:
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
9288:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
8980:
Northern passage: American Vietnam War resisters in Canada
8752:
Anderson, Terry (2007). David Anderson, John Ernst (ed.).
8689:
6525:
Andresen, Lee. Battle Notes. Superior: Savage Press, 2000.
6408:
War Music and the American Composer during the Vietnam Era
6358:
War Music and the American Composer during the Vietnam Era
6334:
War Music and the American Composer during the Vietnam Era
5679:
3872:
April 27 – an anti-war march in Chicago organized by
3729:
for another rally and an all-night vigil. Some, including
423:
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
10028:
National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
9686:
National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
8432:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1970
8429:
The Report of the President's Commission on Campus Unrest
7865:
6711:
6276:"Rachel Carson's Lessons, 50 Years After 'Silent Spring'"
5376:"ReclaimingQuarterly.org: Memoirs of a Draft-Card Burner"
5268:: Wider Quaker Fellowship, Philadelphia. pp. 12, 14.
4981:
National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
4444:
or Fuck the Army, depending on the situation, was led by
4182:
3899:". Eight leading anti-war activists were indicted by the
3719:
National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
3572:
led a small group of protesters against both the war and
1398:
National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
999:
News media and the Vietnam War § Tet Offensive, 1968
819:
National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam
8292:"U.S. Bomb Ship Seized in Mutiny: Anchored Off Cambodia"
6859:. Rutgers, the State University Press. pp. 197–209.
6800:. Rutgers, the State University Press. pp. 149–161.
5943:. Rutgers, the State University Press. pp. 149–161.
5915:
Kill for Peace: American Artists Against the Vietnam War
5314:
5312:
5150:
Soldiers in Revolt: GI Resistance During the Vietnam War
4968:
Anti-Vietnam War protest. Vancouver, B.C., Canada. 1968.
1524:
Kill for Peace: American Artists Against the Vietnam War
1408:
In March 1965, King first criticized the war during the
1174:" units, were used extensively for the first time since
8349:
6781:
Fry, Joseph (2007). David Anderson; John Ernst (eds.).
4732:
War is not healthy for children and other living things
4031:
Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (SMC).
3955:
National Convocation on the Challenge of Building Peace
3543:
Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
3284:
An anti-Vietnam War protest in Netherlands in July 1966
1357:
weighed in on the Vietnamese struggle in 1954, calling
1108:
962:. Resisters expected to be prosecuted immediately, but
9237:, a documentary about GI resistance to the Vietnam War
4792:" was also chanted in marches from Brisbane to Boston.
4783:
One, two, three, four, we don't want your fucking war.
3759:
The Ultimate Confrontation: The Flower and the Bayonet
1007:
Battle of Huế § Impact on American public opinion
471:
Anti-war demonstrations consisted mostly of peaceful,
9164:
Pacific Northwest Antiwar and Radical History Project
8168:"Columbia Eagle / Mutiny / Cambodia," segment #208707
7609:
7178:"Iraq Versus Vietnam: A Comparison of Public Opinion"
5309:
5158:
anti-Vietnam War movement in and around the U.S. Navy
4800:
3499:
March 12 – A three-page anti-war ad appeared in
3355:, called Ali "disgusting" and the governor of Maine,
969:
chose to prosecute a group of ringleaders, including
600:
shooting a Viet Cong captain in handcuffs during the
9252:
Waging Peace in Vietnam Interviews with GI resisters
7583:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6078:
4790:
Fuck, fuck, fuck it all. We don't want this anymore.
4765:
Ho, Ho, Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnam Cong are gonna win.
3725:
in Washington, D.C. and at least 30,000 people then
3345:
and refused to go to war. According to a writer for
3101:
May 12 – twelve young men in New York publicly
1058:
1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity
229:
1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity
10791:
Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)
8623:
8621:
8536:"Students Picket Harrisburg Trial", Eleanor Blaus,
7930:
7774:"Crowd Battles LAPD as War Protest Turns Violent",
6809:
6807:
6088:
4756:" was an antiwar and anti-draft slogan used by the
4610:, became involved in the antiwar movement as well.
4440:FTA – a group whose initials either stand for
4294:A rally in support of the Vietnamese people at the
3815:
about the generation of young men dying in the war.
3717:took place. A large demonstration organized by the
2777:, held a series of 22 hearings (referred to as the
1862:, once mostly isolated to solitary anarchists like
1769:"Statisticians Charge Draft Lottery Was Not Random"
1031:, the South Vietnamese National Police Chief. Loan
674:, a theory that stated that if one country fell to
109:
reducing of American foreign military intervention
10355:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
9066:The Cambridge History of Asian American Literature
9047:. New York: HarperCollins Publishing, 2003. Print.
8954:
8584:
8575:
8562:"War Foes March in the Rain Here", Martin Arnold,
8332:"2 American Ship Hijackers Want to Quit Cambodia,"
8086:"Iraq war resisters meet cool reception in Canada"
8056:
7585:
6855:Tischler, Barbara (1992). Barbara Tischler (ed.).
6827:
6737:"50 years ago, 'Dow Day' left its mark on Madison"
6155:. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 123–124.
6105:
6091:The Cambridge History of Asian American Literature
6015:
5652:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 113–120.
4584:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
4397:Clergy and Laymen Concerned about Vietnam (CALCAV)
3175:in Washington, D.C., with about 25,000 protesters.
2637:List of Congressional opponents of the Vietnam War
2286:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
2063:The "Fish" Cheer/I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die Rag
1623:Asian American groups realized that to extinguish
1345:African-American leaders of earlier decades, like
312:Vietnam War protests at the University of Michigan
12592:Post–civil rights era in African-American history
9182:Book excerpt of student seizure of WSU in Detroit
8489:
7584:DeBenedetti, Charles; Chatfield, Charles (1990).
7200:
7198:
6493:Room Full of Mirrors: a Biography of Jimi Hendrix
6480:Room Full of Mirrors: a Biography of Jimi Hendrix
6458:Room Full of Mirrors: a Biography of Jimi Hendrix
6075:
5616:
5614:
4785:" was chanted in marches from Brisbane to Boston.
4640:contains a list that has not been properly sorted
4387:Bay Area Asian Coalition Against the War (BAACAW)
3446:January 14 – 20,000–30,000 people staged a "
1813:, but very few men attempted this because of the
12548:
8618:
7592:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.
6999:
6804:
6599:The Vietnam Antiwar Movement in American History
5573:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 83–84.
5080:List of protests in the United States § War
4772:Hey, hey, LBJ! How many kids did you kill today?
4271:A Vietnam War veteran throwing his medal at the
3826:came under heavy criticism and ridicule as the "
3541:April 15 – 400,000 people organized by the
2968:, a controversial historian, states in his book
2650:
2127:
10175:
8777:
8775:
8058:"At Peace Meal, Protestors Drown Out Fulbright"
7632:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7599:
6421:75.3 (1991): 320. JSTOR. Web. January 27, 2011.
6371:75.3 (1991): 318. JSTOR. Web. January 27, 2011.
6347:75.3 (1991): 317. JSTOR. Web. January 27, 2011.
6238:"GI resistance in the Vietnam war | libcom.org"
5939:Greene, Alexis (1992). Barbara Tischler (ed.).
5883:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5546:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 9–10.
4495:National Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam
4175:July 1970 – the award-winning documentary
4168:June 13 – President Nixon established the
3960:April 6 – a spontaneous anti-war rally in
3830:" that had opened in 1967 widened into a chasm.
3252:, emulating the actions of the Vietnamese monk
3234:. They were sentenced to 10 to 15 days in jail.
3207:June – Protests were held on the steps of
1394:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
779:Early organized opposition was led by American
394:Opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War
12607:Lyndon B. Johnson administration controversies
9415:April 15, 1967 Anti-Vietnam war demonstrations
8994:Against the Vietnam War: Writings by Activists
8341:written July 3, 1970, published July 4, 1970,
8035:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 315–318.
7961:Gills, Gerald (1992). Barbara Tischler (ed.).
7460:
7458:
7396:
7394:
7381:
7379:
7321:"The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research"
7295:"The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research"
7269:"The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research"
7195:
5611:
5594:
5592:
5590:
4195:August 28 – September 3 –
3337: – formerly known as Cassius Clay –
2641:
2268:A woman protesting the Vietnam War during the
1422:successfully appealed up to the Supreme Court.
1097:After breaking with Johnson's pro-war stance,
824:Gruesome images of two anti-war activists who
11861:
11406:
11099:
10806:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces
10161:
9788:
9272:
8904:
8454:Bliss, Edward Jr.(1991). Now the news. p. 349
8065:. Lubbock, Texas. March 6, 1969. p. 10–A
7794:
7792:
7790:
7722:
6601:. Berkeley Heights, New Jersey: Enslow, 2000.
6173:
6171:
6071:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 113.
6056:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 104.
6041:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 120.
6003:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 101.
5988:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 101.
4615:Central Committee for Conscientious Objectors
4407:and reversing the arms race and the Cold War.
4124:attempted to assassinate Taiwan Vice Premier
2976:An alternative point of view is expressed by
2616:
2101:. Folk and Rock were critical aspects of the
2042:music community of the anti-war spectrum was
1577:made opposition to the war their main focus.
1337:speaking to an anti-Vietnam War rally at the
1051:
338:
168:
11722:Third World Liberation Front strikes of 1968
11573:1968 Democratic National Convention protests
10009:1968 Democratic National Convention protests
9461:1968 Democratic National Convention protests
9110:. New York: New York University Press, 2010.
8772:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7762:
7596:
6796:Adams, Nina (1992). Barbara Tischler (ed.).
6553:
6551:
5986:Chains of Babylon: The Rise of Asian America
5973:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 99.
5958:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 96.
5874:
4505:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee –
3297:in protest of the war, but were turned back.
1139:
873:National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam
523:United States news media and the Vietnam War
12397:Normalization of US–Vietnam relations
9656:Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee
8952:
8850:
8838:
8781:
8766:
8756:. University of Kentucky. pp. 245–264.
8742:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. pp. 1–20.
8726:
8712:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmall1992 (
8683:
8651:
8639:
8627:
8024:
7990:
7988:
7851:
7694:
7616:Historical Dictionary of the War in Vietnam
7455:
7391:
7376:
7102:Give Viet Cong Voice In Peace Talks – Cohen
7062:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmall1992 (
6893:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmall1992 (
6874:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmall1992 (
6785:. University of Kentucky. pp. 219–243.
6140:. Pacific Council on International Affairs.
6131:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6089:Srikanth, Rajini; Hyoung Song, Min (2015).
5947:
5603:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmall1992 (
5587:
5451:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSmall1992 (
5105:List of protest marches on Washington, D.C.
4983:'s march on the Pentagon, October 21, 1967.
4806:
3458:neighborhood that had become the center of
3051:, who refused deployment to Vietnam in 1966
1829:had high lottery numbers (1970 and later).
1267:Opposition to the war from Vietnam veterans
794:and forty students staged the first public
11868:
11854:
11413:
11399:
11106:
11092:
10168:
10154:
9795:
9781:
9279:
9265:
8569:
8549:"Campus Outbreaks Spread", Martin Arnold,
8371:
8369:
8110:
7924:
7787:
6730:
6728:
6168:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5432:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5253:
5251:
5040:Congressional opponents of the Vietnam War
4197:Vortex I: A Biodegradable Festival of Life
4038:performed their song "Declaration" on the
3934:, Sweden in the late 1960s and early 1970s
3520:, led a march of 5,000 against the war in
3038:
2623:
2609:
1227:
992:
345:
331:
175:
161:
59:
11597:1968 student demonstrations in Yugoslavia
11503:Human rights movement in the Soviet Union
10759:Global Day of Action on Military Spending
10113:William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe
8146:newsletter, retrieved March 1, 2018 from
7909:
7857:
7759:
6932:
6613:"GI Movement, 1968-1973: Special Section"
6548:
6097:
5956:Chaines of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
5100:Lists of protests against the Vietnam War
4754:Not my son, not your son, not their sons.
4743:End the nuclear race, not the human race.
4417:organization that "blended philosophical
3841:received more votes than expected in the
3796:marching against the Vietnam War 1968 in
3165:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
3076:Lists of protests against the Vietnam War
2758:
1414:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
1166:" of the Vietnamese people, units of the
786:Protests began bringing attention to the
716:Learn how and when to remove this message
11682:Occupation of the Student Union Building
9052:Chains of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
8862:
8751:
8671:Chains of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
8483:
7985:
7915:
7888:
7886:
7553:
6910:
6854:
6813:
6710:University of Wisconsin-Madison (2017).
6705:
6703:
6153:Chains of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
6135:
6120:
6069:Chains of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
6054:Chains of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
6039:Chains of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
6001:Chains of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
5971:Chains of Babylon: Rise of Asian America
4486:National Black Anti-War Anti-Draft Union
4371:American Writers Against the Vietnam War
4289:
4277:
4266:
4096:University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras
4076:
3925:
3788:
3691:on October 20. Singer/musician-activist
3638:First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong
3619:killing over 300 people amid speculation
3424:
3412:
3401:at an anti-Vietnam War protest march in
3393:
3374:
3279:
3084:
3042:
3012:
2987:
2927:
2263:
2169:
2141:
1931:
1739:
1663:recognized as an American. In May 1972,
1571:Asian American Political Alliance (AAPA)
1329:
1231:
1149:
894:
882:
757:
647:
526:
433:which was incorporated into the broader
12418:Opposition to United States involvement
9404:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
9064:Srikanth, Rajini and Hyoung Song, Min.
9045:A People's History of the United States
8366:
8315:California Digital Newspaper Collection
7517:A People's History of the United States
7504:A People's History of the United States
7466:A People's History of the United States
7450:A People's History of the United States
7437:A People's History of the United States
7415:A People's History of the United States
7402:A People's History of the United States
7387:A People's History of the United States
7346:A People's History of the United States
7206:"Gallup Vault: The Urge to Demonstrate"
6968:
6734:
6725:
6629:
6623:
6495:. New York: Hyperion, 2006. 271. Print.
6482:. New York: Hyperion, 2006. 221. Print.
6460:. New York: Hyperion, 2006. 248. Print.
5791:
5766:
5741:
5716:
5712:
5710:
5459:
5281:
5248:
4692:" were two slogans used by students at
4170:President's Commission on Campus Unrest
3907:were subsequently overturned on appeal.
3721:, a crowd of nearly 100,000 met at the
3472:February – about 2,500 members of
2970:A People's History of the United States
2065: – first released on an
1446:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
862:
516:
14:
12549:
11835:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
11518:Northern Ireland civil rights movement
10491:Soviet influence on the peace movement
10083:Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8
9054:. University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
8030:
7994:
7954:
7945:
7798:
7229:
7112:
7110:
7026:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6199:Nonrandom Risk: The 1970 Draft Lottery
6108:The Making of Asian America: A History
6018:The Making of Asian America: A History
5938:
5911:
5855:
5175:Soviet influence on the peace movement
4560:, Paul Johnson, Susan Kent Cakars and
4552:) Magazine editors and staff included
4258:columnist, with a tear-gas projectile.
3698:October 18 – 300 students at the
2342:
1240:watching an anti-Vietnam War march in
869:House Un-American Activities Committee
65:A demonstrator offering a flower to a
11849:
11394:
11087:
10678:World March for Peace and Nonviolence
10149:
9776:
9544:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion
9260:
9228:Vietnam Peace Commemoration Committee
9113:
9059:The Making of Asian Ameria: A History
8826:
8814:
8707:
8668:
8506:from the original on November 2, 2012
8375:
8269:Page 13 retrieved March 1, 2018 from
8083:
8077:
7960:
7883:
7728:
7528:
7141:
7088:
7076:
7057:
7039:from the original on January 14, 2024
6981:from the original on January 14, 2024
6964:
6962:
6960:
6906:
6904:
6888:
6869:
6825:
6795:
6747:from the original on October 27, 2017
6700:
6675:
6273:
6150:
6066:
6051:
6036:
5998:
5983:
5968:
5953:
5899:
5887:
5816:
5645:
5598:
5566:
5539:
5447:
5349:
4620:
4135:Protest, Washington, D.C.: After the
3950:destroyed a Themis construction site.
3915:Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars
1651:an article in the June/July issue of
817:On October 15, 1965, the student-run
326:
254:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion
156:
12531:
11637:Columbia University protests of 1968
11627:Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968
11436:1968–69 Japanese university protests
11420:
10835:Third Party Non-violent Intervention
9528:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
9475:Columbia University protests of 1968
9170:GI resistance during the Vietnam War
8408:. People-press.org. October 17, 2002
8098:from the original on August 26, 2010
8033:The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 2005
7863:
7733:. Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc.
7710:. People-press.org. October 17, 2002
7642:. Library.law.ua.edu. Archived from
7357:
6604:
6383:"The Vietnam War: A History in Song"
6274:Koehn, Nancy F. (October 27, 2012).
5828:
5707:
5257:
4624:
4329:Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
4010:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
2723:(Dem-NY), John Seiberling (Dem-OH),
2306:National Welfare Rights Organisation
1893:
1315:
1307:
1115:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
1109:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
1086:and North Vietnamese representative
680:
249:Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam
224:Columbia University protests of 1968
12135:U.S. escalation / "Americanization"
10004:Youth International Party (Yippies)
9068:. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
8500:United States National Park Service
8116:M. Paul Holsinger, "And Babies" in
8084:Keung, Nicholas (August 20, 2010).
7995:Bowman, Karlyn (October 18, 2001).
7896:(Los Angeles: Sawyer Press, 1967),
7676:from the original on April 23, 2009
7248:from the original on April 27, 2018
7116:
7107:
6780:
6759:
6430:
6380:
6103:
6013:
5470:
5203:Writers and Editors War Tax Protest
5120:Myth of the spat-on Vietnam veteran
4850:Leaflet targeting Veterans and GIs.
4401:Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy
4223:1968 Democratic National Convention
4120:April 24 – Taiwanese activist
4044:. Consisting of the opening of the
3964:was recorded and later released as
3930:Anti-Vietnam War demonstrations in
3881:1968 Democratic National Convention
3837:March 12 – anti-war candidate
3672:August 28 – US Representative
3490:The Responsibility of Intellectuals
3095:1964 Democratic National Convention
2270:1972 Republican National Convention
1280:, as evidenced by the organization
915:The Responsibility of Intellectuals
899:Protest against the Vietnam War in
878:
766:during the 10th anniversary of the
570:. The military draft mobilized the
123:Disruption of military conscription
24:
12064:1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt
11060:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir
10957:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014)
10245:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp
9681:Movement for a Democratic Military
9351:1965 March against the Vietnam War
9123:Historical Dictionary of the 1960s
9072:
8996:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.
8982:, Harvard University Press, 2001.
8911:. Hachette Australia. p. 69.
8587:Historical Dictionary of the 1970s
8243:archives, retrieved March 1, 2018.
8218:archives, retrieved March 1, 2018.
8186:Vanderbilt Television News Archive
8021:Jennings & Brewster 1998: 413.
8003:from the original on June 10, 2011
7980:Counsel to the President: A Memoir
7892:ACLU, Southern California Branch,
7809:from the original on June 23, 2015
6957:
6901:
6735:Worland, Gayle (October 8, 2017).
6610:
6536:The Vietnam War and American Music
6136:Ishizuka, Karen L. (May 7, 2019).
5672:Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin,
5484:"Five myths about the Vietnam War"
5115:Movement for a Democratic Military
4940:1965 protest in Sydney, Australia.
4696:and other colleges to protest the
4596:American Friends Service Committee
4480:Movement for a Democratic Military
3180:University of California, Berkeley
3178:Draft-card burnings took place at
2953:
2771:Senate Foreign Relations Committee
1557:
1476:resistance movement among veterans
1261:The Blood-Red Hands of Ho Chi Minh
1035:in the head on a public street in
1003:Tet Offensive § United States
25:
12618:
12059:North Vietnamese invasion of Laos
11662:March of the One Hundred Thousand
10552:International Day of Non-Violence
10210:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
9802:
9701:Students for a Democratic Society
9151:
9040:Quaker History, Fall 2105, 18–39.
8886:from the original on May 21, 2017
8348:retrieved March 1, 2018 from the
7554:Gottlieb, Sherry Gershon (1991).
6264:War Resisters League (2003) p. 75
6112:. Simon & Schuster. pp.
5912:Israel, Matthew (July 15, 2013).
4376:Asian American Political Alliance
4303:April 23 – Vietnam veterans
4262:
3583:May 2 – British philosopher
3390:about peace marches in April 1967
3271:, from 120,000 to 400,000 troops.
3173:first of several anti-war marches
3161:Students for a Democratic Society
2983:
2811:
2413:Filibuster of the Armed Ship Bill
2240:Students for a Democratic Society
1287:
945:
774:
12530:
12521:
12520:
12511:
12510:
12413:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War
11556:
10962:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
9908:Center for Constitutional Rights
9721:Vietnam Veterans Against the War
9323:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War
9082:. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
8925:
8898:
8868:
8856:
8844:
8832:
8820:
8808:
8786:
8760:
8745:
8732:
8720:
8701:
8677:
8673:. University of Minnesota Press.
8645:
8633:
8605:
8556:
8543:
8530:
8518:
8470:
8457:
8448:
8420:
8398:
8122:, Greenwood Press, 1999, p. 363.
8119:War and American Popular Culture
8049:
8015:
7969:
7939:
7845:
7737:
7700:
7688:
7658:
7577:
7547:
7522:
7509:
7496:
7471:
7442:
7429:
7420:
7407:
7351:
7338:
7312:
7286:
7260:
7223:
6022:. Simon & Schuster. p.
5208:Vietnam Veterans Against the War
5000:
4988:
4973:
4961:
4945:
4933:
4911:
4895:
4883:
4867:
4855:
4843:
4725:Girls say yes to men who say no.
4629:
4590:† Traditional peace groups like
4539:Vietnam Veterans Against the War
4359:
4081:An anti-Vientnam War protest in
3626:Vietnam Veterans Against the War
3534:
3417:An anti-Vietnam var protests at
3008:
2922:Gallup, Oct. 29 – Nov. 2, 1965
2834:Urge to Organize or Demonstrate
2794:Vietnam Veterans Against the War
2479:Repeal of Tonkin Gulf Resolution
2364:
2148:Vietnam Veterans Against the War
1722:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War
1715:
1620:as a way of dehumanizing them."
1575:Asian Americans for Action (AAA)
1282:Vietnam Veterans Against the War
835:set himself on fire in front of
685:
302:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War
91:United States in the Vietnam War
12049:Vietnamese migration of 1954–55
11875:
11820:Segregation in Northern Ireland
10335:Social Democratic Party (Japan)
9716:United States Servicemen's Fund
8444:The Scranton Commission Report.
7864:Hill, Gladwin (June 24, 1967).
7170:
7144:The Western Political Quarterly
7135:
7094:
7082:
7070:
7051:
7027:Mendez, Karla (July 22, 2021).
7020:
6993:
6882:
6863:
6848:
6819:
6789:
6669:
6660:
6651:
6642:
6591:
6571:
6528:
6519:
6498:
6485:
6472:
6463:
6450:
6424:
6400:
6374:
6350:
6326:
6301:
6267:
6255:
6230:
6211:
6192:
6180:
6159:
6144:
6060:
6045:
6030:
6007:
5992:
5977:
5962:
5932:
5905:
5893:
5849:
5822:
5810:
5785:
5760:
5735:
5666:
5639:
5560:
5533:
5520:
5511:
5502:
5476:
5441:
5426:
5393:
5193:United States Servicemen's Fund
4890:1975 flyer for a protest march.
4523:Students for Democratic Society
4411:Committee for NonViolent Action
4366:Americans for Democratic Action
4282:An anti-Vietnam War protest in
4094:, a 21-year-old student at the
3700:University of Wisconsin–Madison
3032:bayoneted by National Guardsmen
3017:An anti-Vietnam War protest at
1955:; the Big Fool said to push on.
1736:Vietnam War resisters in Sweden
1732:Vietnam War resisters in Canada
1704:war and wished to help end it.
887:An anti-Vietnam War protest in
643:
82:28 January 1965 – 29 March 1973
12587:Civil rights movement protests
12577:Criticism of the United States
12298:United States prisoners of war
10255:List of pacifist organisations
10051:Miami and the Siege of Chicago
9518:Weather High School Jailbreaks
9480:Court-martial of Susan Schnall
9187:Vietnam War: Disturbing Images
8591:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
8382:University of Washington Press
7610:Ronald B. Frankum Jr. (2011).
5368:
5343:
5321:
5297:
5272:
5230:
5095:List of anti-war organizations
4862:Stop the Hawk protest sticker.
4500:Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur
3606:May 22 – the fashionable
3108:August – Prompted by the
2666:Citizens Commission of Inquiry
2560:House Concurrent Resolution 63
1218:one-man election for President
1146:Hearts and Minds (Vietnam War)
239:Weather High School Jailbreaks
187:involvement in the Vietnam War
37:involvement in the Vietnam War
13:
1:
12481:Henry Kissinger’s involvement
11607:1968 Red Square demonstration
9762:Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth
9061:. Simon & Schuster, 2015.
8953:DeBenedetti, Charles (1990).
8946:
8253:"Mutiny Involved 5: Captain,"
7256:– via Rand Corporation.
6743:. Madison, WI: John Humenik.
6676:Brown, James Patrick (2006).
6093:. Cambridge University Press.
5918:. University of Texas Press.
5198:Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth
5135:Pacifism in the United States
4836:
4738:, and was popular on posters.
4390:Black Women Enraged – a
4052:government is still relevant.
3895:and the chant by protesters "
2960:Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth
2651:Dellums (war crimes hearings)
2177:students protest against the
2128:Military members and veterans
2112:The Times they are A-Changin'
2085:Along with singer-songwriter
2069:in the October 1965 issue of
2052:Scuse Me While I Kiss the Sky
1376:speaking out. Champion boxer
839:. On November 9, 22-year-old
604:also provoked public outcry.
511:
204:March Against the Vietnam War
18:Opposition to the Vietnam War
11587:1968 Polish political crisis
11543:West German student movement
11468:Black Consciousness Movement
10661:World Peace Bell Association
10562:Dialogue Among Civilizations
10265:New Socialist Party of Japan
10250:Iraq War resisters in Canada
10215:Coalition of Women for Peace
9590:Winter Soldier Investigation
9410:Court-martial of Howard Levy
6630:Seidman, Derek (June 2016).
5218:Winter Soldier Investigation
5045:Court-martial of Howard Levy
4802:Amar nam tomar nam Bhiẏetnam
4797:আমার নাম তোমার নাম ভিয়েতনাম
4718:Stop the war, feed the poor.
4690:Making money burning babies!
4592:Fellowship of Reconciliation
4564:. Published authors such as
4533:Third World Liberation Front
4178:The World of Charlie Company
3551:UN building in New York City
3485:The New York Review of Books
3351:, the governor of Illinois,
3333:Heavyweight boxing champion
2949:Public opinion of militaries
2798:Winter Soldier Investigation
2313:Third World Women's Alliance
1927:
1581:formation was anger at "the
1428:in October 1966, SNCC Chair
910:The New York Review of Books
144:Withdrawal of troops and aid
35:Opposition to United States
7:
12089:Independence Palace bombing
11793:Racism in the United States
11758:Counterculture of the 1960s
11579:The whole world is watching
11548:Women's liberation movement
11292:Women's liberation movement
11115:Counterculture of the 1960s
10829:The whole world is watching
10597:Peace & Love (festival)
10547:Imagine Piano Peace Project
10023:Counterculture of the 1960s
10015:The whole world is watching
9747:Counterculture of the 1960s
9646:Concerned Officers Movement
9467:The whole world is watching
8442:This book is also known as
8228:"U.S. Asks Return of Ship,"
7997:"Articles & Commentary"
7666:"Usa Today/Cnn Gallup Poll"
7362:. Free Press. p. 137.
7230:Lorell, Mark (March 1985).
6834:. New York: Penguin Books.
6223:September 28, 2007, at the
5829:Appy, Christian G. (2015).
5433:Graham III, Herman (2003).
5380:www.reclaimingquarterly.org
5085:Legality of the Vietnam War
5035:Concerned Officers Movement
5012:
4954:Vancouver, British Columbia
4926:
4801:
4435:Concerned Officers Movement
4213:group) and Oregon governor
4046:Declaration of Independence
3897:The whole world is watching
3565:, marched in San Francisco.
3454:in San Francisco, near the
3069:
2921:
2783:2004 presidential candidate
2769:In April and May 1971, the
2642:United Nations intervention
2599:Yemen War Powers Resolution
2452:McGovern–Hatfield Amendment
2355:to American involvement in
2337:Women's Liberation Movement
2260:Women's liberation movement
2165:
2146:Protesters affiliated with
1953:Waist Deep in the Big Muddy
1205:. In 1974, the documentary
891:, Finland, in December 1967
849:United Nations Headquarters
435:counterculture of the 1960s
411:Women's liberation movement
357:Counterculture of the 1960s
185:Opposition to United States
45:counterculture of the 1960s
27:1965–1973 anti-war movement
10:
12623:
12471:Canada and the Vietnam War
12140:1965 South Vietnamese coup
11948:People's Republic of China
11928:International participants
10952:2011 intervention in Libya
10572:List of places named Peace
10557:International Day of Peace
10275:Peace and conflict studies
10195:Anti-nuclear organizations
10131:The Trial of the Chicago 7
9691:Pacific Counseling Service
9434:The Ultimate Confrontation
9372:political self-immolations
8490:Blumberg, Barbara (1985).
8306:San Bernardino, California
8192:, retrieved March 1, 2018.
8133:"6 Famous Naval Mutinies,"
7903:December 20, 2016, at the
6433:"Vietnam War Song Project"
5130:Opposition to the Iraq War
5025:Canada and the Vietnam War
4952:Anti-Vietnam War protest.
4831:
4816:Your name, My Name Vietnam
4679:Bring the troops home now!
4474:The League of Women Voters
4382:Asian Americans for Action
3433:in the Netherlands by the
3364:London School of Economics
3073:
2957:
2946:
2762:
2729:Benjamin Stanley Rosenthal
2634:
2383:House Federalists’ Address
2257:
2156:United States Bicentennial
2131:
1855:programs from the campus.
1725:
1719:
1561:
1485:
1319:
1143:
1112:
1055:
1052:1968 presidential election
996:
975:William Sloane Coffin, Jr.
762:Students demonstrating in
753:
520:
12506:
12476:CIA activities in Vietnam
12458:
12405:
12362:
12324:
12248:
12072:
12006:
11973:
11892:
11883:
11735:
11672:Memphis sanitation strike
11565:
11554:
11453:1968 movement in Pakistan
11428:
11337:
11314:
11240:Back-to-the-land movement
11220:
11165:San Francisco Renaissance
11157:
11126:
11068:
10997:
10862:
10686:
10587:Nobel Peace Prize Concert
10582:Mother's Day Proclamation
10532:Dances of Universal Peace
10509:
10363:
10345:The Women's Peace Crusade
10187:
10066:
9996:
9900:
9861:
9810:
9739:
9626:
9582:
9536:
9493:
9453:
9390:
9346:Edmonton aircraft bombing
9338:
9305:
9294:
9175:October 20, 2020, at the
8063:Lubbock Avalanche-Journal
7529:Flynn, George Q. (1993).
7002:Women's Studies Quarterly
6969:Jenkins, Lyndsey (2021).
6934:2027/spo.0499697.0024.108
6597:McCormick, Anita Louise.
5646:Lucks, Daniel S. (2014).
5567:Lucks, Daniel S. (2014).
5540:Lucks, Daniel S. (2014).
5508:Karnow, Stanley "Vietnam"
5350:Flynn, George Q. (1993).
5075:Israel–Hamas war protests
4995:1968 protests in Chicago.
4608:Catholic Workers Movement
4529:and the antiwar movement.
4149:Nixon met with protesters
4055:Late December – the
3946:March – students at
3118:Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
2911:High school nongraduates
2572:House Joint Resolution 68
2091:I Ain't Marching Any More
1774:November 4, 2013, at the
1685:
1587:mining of Haiphong Harbor
1140:Hearts and Minds campaign
847:did the same in front of
623:Media coverage of the war
492:Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
364:
199:Edmonton aircraft bombing
194:
116:
96:
86:
78:
58:
42:
34:
12498:Women in the Vietnam War
12430:United States news media
12375:Indochina refugee crisis
12370:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
12145:Bombing of North Vietnam
12084:Strategic Hamlet Program
11652:King assassination riots
11612:1968 uprising in Senegal
11508:Mexican Movement of 1968
11230:American Indian Movement
10848:Violence begets violence
10781:Non-aggression principle
10651:The Non-Violence Project
10631:Promoting Enduring Peace
10614:Promoting Enduring Peace
10270:Pacifist Socialist Party
8144:History in the Headlines
7866:"51 Protesters Arrested"
6204:January 1, 2005, at the
5856:Thomas, Jackson (2007).
5792:Jackson, Thomas (2007).
5767:Jackson, Thomas (2007).
5742:Jackson, Thomas (2007).
5717:Jackson, Thomas (2007).
5224:
4745:" was first used by the
4736:Another Mother for Peace
4334:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
3993:August 15–18 – the
3975:July 16 – activist
3879:August 26–29 – the
3496:as a special supplement.
3467:Another Mother for Peace
3171:activist group, led the
3103:burned their draft cards
3089:Anti-Vietnam War on the
3019:Florida State University
2282:Another Mother for Peace
2253:
2075:Country Joe and the Fish
1673:JoAnne 'Nobuko' Miyamoto
1080:Paris Peace Negotiations
841:Catholic Worker Movement
488:communist Chinese forces
427:United States in the war
140:Voting age lowered to 18
12117:Gulf of Tonkin incident
12038:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
10942:Military action in Iran
10577:Monuments and memorials
10527:Concert Yutel for Peace
10330:React, Include, Recycle
10260:List of peace activists
10225:Conscientious objectors
9313:1960s Berkeley protests
8992:Mary Susannah Robbins,
8540:, March 30, 1972, p. 15
8467:, April 25, 1971, P. E1
8350:Harold Weisberg Archive
7560:. Viking. p. xix.
7325:ropercenter.cornell.edu
7299:ropercenter.cornell.edu
7273:ropercenter.cornell.edu
6975:Women's History Network
6741:Wisconsin State Journal
5258:Bell, Colin W. (1973).
5213:Waging Peace in Vietnam
5090:List of peace activists
5007:1970 protest in Boston.
4902:Poster advertising the
4550:Workshop in Nonviolence
4321:August 1971 – the
4160:National Student Strike
4072:
3921:
3784:
3773:The Armies of the Night
3727:marched to the Pentagon
3646:Progressive Labor Party
3578:New York Stock Exchange
3407:San Francisco City Hall
3370:
3275:
3131:
3110:Gulf of Tonkin incident
3080:
3039:Lowered military morale
2994:University of San Diego
2467:Cooper–Church Amendment
1918:United States Air Force
1564:Asian American movement
1339:University of Minnesota
1228:Increasing polarization
1076:pulling out of the race
993:Developments in the war
549:Conscientious objectors
543:The draft, a system of
292:1960s Berkeley protests
135:Withdrawal of candidacy
126:Lowered military morale
12597:Asian-American history
12526:Battles and operations
12466:Awards and decorations
12380:Vietnamese boat people
12349:Impact of Agent Orange
12337:Body count controversy
12044:1954 Geneva Conference
11778:Antisemitism in Poland
11687:Poor People's Campaign
11622:Battle of Valle Giulia
11592:1968 protests in Egypt
11478:Black Power Revolution
11448:1968 movement in Italy
10863:Opposition to specific
10818:Swords to ploughshares
10812:Soldiers are murderers
10205:Anti-war organizations
10033:Mayor Richard J. Daley
9564:Student strike of 1970
9026:Friedland, Michael B.
8937:www.telegraphindia.com
8905:Walker, Frank (2013).
8566:, April 23, 1972, p. 1
8553:, April 19, 1972, p. 1
8355:March 5, 2018, at the
8337:March 1, 2018, at the
8297:March 1, 2018, at the
8258:March 1, 2018, at the
8233:March 1, 2018, at the
8208:March 1, 2018, at the
8173:March 1, 2018, at the
8138:March 1, 2018, at the
7781:July 22, 2017, at the
7729:Small, Melvin (2002).
7358:Lind, Michael (1999).
6165:King, "Beyond Vietnam"
5264:. Swarthmore Meeting.
4904:Student strike of 1970
4672:Hell, no, we won't go!
4413:(CNVA) – radical
4299:
4287:
4275:
4086:
4008:October 15 – the
3935:
3800:
3713:October 21 – the
3617:, Belgium burnt down,
3514:Martin Luther King Jr.
3474:Women Strike for Peace
3438:
3422:
3410:
3391:
3343:conscientious objector
3285:
3139:University of Michigan
3097:
3063:
3052:
3022:
2997:
2933:
2900:High school graduates
2759:Fulbright (end to war)
2357:wars and interventions
2290:Women Strike for Peace
2276:
2182:
2158:
1966:
1948:
1900:environmental movement
1749:
1692:Martin Luther King Jr.
1382:Martin Luther King Jr.
1342:
1335:Martin Luther King Jr.
1245:
1159:
979:conscientious objector
904:
892:
826:set themselves on fire
771:
668:
663:Martin Luther King Jr.
653:
540:
464:, physicians (such as
269:Student strike of 1970
12235:1975 spring offensive
12194:ARVN campaign in Laos
12190:Vietnamization policy
11808:Years of Lead (Italy)
11463:Anti-nuclear movement
11458:Civil Rights Movement
11250:Civil rights movement
11235:Anti-nuclear movement
10865:wars or their aspects
10786:Nonviolent resistance
10636:Show of Peace Concert
10401:Anti-nuclear movement
9601:Clay v. United States
9595:1971 May Day protests
9574:Sterling Hall bombing
9420:March on the Pentagon
9189: – slideshow by
9106:Heineman, Kenneth J.
8669:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
8376:Cheng, Wendy (2023).
8190:Vanderbilt University
8031:Gallup, Alec (2006).
7963:Sights on the Sixties
7672:. November 15, 2005.
7117:Uhl, Michael (2007).
7014:10.1353/wsq.2019.0060
6857:Sights on the Sixties
6798:Sights on the Sixties
6506:"Country Joe's Place"
6419:The Musical Quarterly
6369:The Musical Quarterly
6345:The Musical Quarterly
6151:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
6067:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
6052:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
6037:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
5999:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
5984:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
5969:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
5954:Maeda, Daryl (2009).
5941:Sights on the Sixties
5170:Sterling Hall bombing
5140:People's Peace Treaty
5110:May Day Protests 1971
4646:for more information.
4312:1971 May Day Protests
4293:
4281:
4270:
4190:Sterling Hall bombing
4080:
3929:
3843:New Hampshire primary
3792:
3715:March on the Pentagon
3702:attempted to prevent
3518:civil rights movement
3428:
3416:
3405:April 15, 1967, with
3397:
3386:
3283:
3184:Vietnam Day Committee
3093:boardwalk during the
3088:
3074:Further information:
3058:
3046:
3016:
2991:
2947:Further information:
2931:
2773:, chaired by Senator
2578:2013 Syrian Civil War
2515:Hughes–Ryan Amendment
2503:War Powers Resolution
2491:Case–Church Amendment
2267:
2187:Civil Rights Movement
2173:
2145:
2073: – by
1950:
1935:
1743:
1353:and anti-capitalist.
1333:
1322:Civil rights movement
1302:United States Capitol
1235:
1153:
1011:On February 1, 1968,
997:Further information:
898:
886:
761:
655:
651:
629:Manufacturing Consent
568:civil rights movement
562:, which followed the
530:
384:Civil rights movement
369:Anti-nuclear movement
284:1971 May Day protests
279:Sterling Hall bombing
219:March on the Pentagon
105:military conscription
71:March on the Pentagon
12354:Environmental impact
12226:Battle of Phước Long
11991:Cold War (1962–1979)
11803:Second-wave feminism
11743:1968 Summer Olympics
11677:Miss America protest
11513:Movement of 22 March
11473:Black power movement
11287:Second-wave feminism
11265:Free Speech Movement
11260:Free school movement
11245:Black Power movement
11221:Social and political
10947:Sri Lankan Civil War
10841:Turn the other cheek
10656:University for Peace
10567:List of peace prizes
9968:Country Joe McDonald
9666:GI's Against Fascism
9554:Kent State shootings
9221:The Boys Who Said NO
8615:, May 14, 1972, p.30
8265:Nashville Tennessean
7531:The Draft, 1940–1973
7033:Black Women Radicals
6826:Rosen, Ruth (2006).
6577:Førland, Tor Egil. "
6557:Førland, Tor Egil. "
6313:www.afhistory.af.mil
5490:. September 29, 2017
5352:The Draft, 1940–1973
5261:Where Service Begins
5070:GI Underground Press
5060:GI's Against Fascism
4711:The Ten Commandments
4698:Dow Chemical Company
4650:improve this article
4604:War Resisters League
4468:GI's Against Fascism
4139:, on May 4, 100,000
4137:Kent State shootings
3704:Dow Chemical Company
3576:who interrupted the
3291:military decorations
3243:Secretary of Defense
3159:April 17 – the
2775:J. William Fulbright
2391:Mexican–American War
2329:Dow Chemical Company
2274:Miami Beach, Florida
2248:Kent State shootings
2226:, then president of
2191:Second Wave Feminism
2138:GI Underground Press
2038:A key figure in the
1922:Operation Ranch Hand
1748:, Australia, in 1966
1326:Black Power movement
1300:on the steps of the
863:Government reactions
564:free speech movement
517:Causes of opposition
389:Free Speech Movement
374:Black power movement
264:Kent State shootings
12434:In popular culture
12387:Sino-Vietnamese War
12217:Paris Peace Accords
12030:First Indochina War
12019:Japanese occupation
11986:Cambodian Civil War
11727:Tlatelolco massacre
11642:Delano grape strike
11632:Central Park be-ins
11488:Cultural Revolution
11134:Black Arts Movement
10989:Nuclear disarmament
10972:in Russian Far East
10729:Department of Peace
10714:Counter-recruitment
10709:Conflict resolution
10699:Central Park be-ins
10687:Slogans and tactics
10666:Japanese Peace Bell
10456:Non-interventionism
10451:Modern-war pacifism
10389:Christian anarchism
10058:Weather Underground
9726:Weather Underground
9696:Stop Our Ship (SOS)
9368:Roger Allen LaPorte
9318:Central Park be-ins
9147:, Fall 2015, 18–39.
9139:Patler, Nicholas. "
9010:, NYU Press, 2000.
8882:. October 3, 2013.
8480:, May 6, 1971, P. 1
8303:San Bernardino Sun,
7618:. Scarecrow Press.
6104:Lee, Erika (2015).
6014:Lee, Erika (2015).
5694:Stanford University
5626:Stanford University
5156:Stop Our Ship (SOS)
4708:. and it refers to
4686:Dow shall not kill.
4544:Weather Underground
4517:Student Peace Union
4286:, on April 24, 1971
3685:Oakland, California
3597:war crimes tribunal
3587:presided over the "
3482:February 23 –
3308:Washington Monument
3259:November 27 –
3229:Ann Arbor, Michigan
3105:to protest the war.
2856:21 to 29 years old
2485:1973 Southeast Asia
2343:Political responses
2244:burning draft cards
2108:Blowin' in the Wind
1864:Henry David Thoreau
1844:nationally and the
1610:hyper sexualization
1529:Filmmakers such as
1402:Black Panther Party
1129:National Moratorium
845:Roger Allen LaPorte
297:Central Park be-ins
73:on October 21, 1967
12208:Christmas bombings
12181:Cambodian campaign
11667:May 1968 in France
11647:East L.A. walkouts
11528:Red Power movement
10883:American Civil War
10775:Make love, not war
10749:Economic sanctions
10704:Civil disobedience
10537:Festival for Peace
10510:Media and cultural
10496:Testimony of peace
10416:Christian pacifism
10117:(2009 documentary)
9641:Chicano Moratorium
9549:Free The Army tour
9328:Draft-card burning
9119:"Antiwar Movement"
9036:Patler, Nicholas.
8796:. December 6, 1967
8577:James Stuart Olson
8525:1973 World Almanac
8502:. pp. Ch. 1.
8301:, March 16, 1970,
8286:Hoffman, Fred S.,
8262:, March 19, 1970,
8142:November 6, 2012,
7870:The New York Times
7747:. Gale.cengage.com
7646:on August 28, 2012
7104:(October 27, 1967)
7091:, pp. 182–195
7016:– via JSTOR.
6816:, pp. 159–170
6584:2018-12-15 at the
6564:2018-12-15 at the
6541:2018-12-15 at the
6491:Cross, Charles R.
6478:Cross, Charles R.
6456:Cross, Charles R.
6413:2015-12-22 at the
6363:2015-12-22 at the
6339:2015-12-22 at the
6280:The New York Times
6262:War Tax Resistance
5890:, pp. 177–195
5331:. Lib.berkeley.edu
5266:Swarthmore College
5242:The New York Times
5186:The Spitting Image
5030:Civil disobedience
4823:President of India
4734:" was a slogan of
4621:Slogans and chants
4394:anti-war movement.
4300:
4288:
4276:
4252:news director and
4230:Chicano Moratorium
4109:SS Columbia Eagle,
4087:
4085:, Finland, in 1970
4034:December 7 –
3995:Woodstock Festival
3988:The New York Times
3936:
3801:
3743:civil disobedience
3689:Justice Department
3563:Coretta Scott King
3516:, a leader of the
3502:The New York Times
3465:February 8 –
3439:
3423:
3411:
3392:
3388:Universal Newsreel
3348:Sports Illustrated
3286:
3261:Coretta Scott King
3237:November 2 –
3098:
3053:
3023:
2998:
2934:
2889:College graduates
2779:Fulbright Hearings
2733:Robert Kastenmeier
2351:U.S. congressional
2277:
2183:
2159:
2028:Eve of Destruction
1949:
1937:Cornelis Vreeswijk
1860:War tax resistance
1819:Alice's Restaurant
1750:
1728:Draft-card burning
1549:, Grant Duey, and
1430:Stokely Carmichael
1386:Coretta Scott King
1363:Toussaint Overture
1343:
1246:
1170:, referred to as "
1168:United States Army
1160:
1025:summarily executed
973:and Yale chaplain
960:civil disobedience
956:Justice Department
907:In February 1967,
905:
893:
859:in South Vietnam.
796:Draft-card burning
772:
747:William F. Buckley
654:
617:self-determination
611:and the threat of
588:The New York Times
541:
446:anti-establishment
259:Free The Army tour
131:Johnson presidency
12602:Protests in India
12582:1960s in politics
12572:1970s in politics
12567:Anti-war protests
12544:
12543:
12261:Ho Chi Minh trail
12154:Buddhist Uprising
12112:Coup against Minh
12103:Coup against Diem
12026:(1949–1955)
11981:Laotian Civil War
11974:Related conflicts
11953:Republic of China
11843:
11842:
11798:School discipline
11717:Takeover of Vanha
11533:Sexual revolution
11388:
11387:
11322:Underground press
11299:Sexual revolution
11207:Bed-Ins for Peace
11144:Psychedelic music
11081:
11080:
10984:Military taxation
10854:War tax resisters
10421:Deterrence theory
10200:Anti-war movement
10143:
10142:
10093:Steal This Movie!
9875:Leonard Weinglass
9770:
9769:
9752:Anti-war movement
9671:G.I. coffeehouses
9622:
9621:
9206: – video by
9132:978-0-313-29271-2
9016:978-0-8147-8262-0
9006:Robert R. Tomes,
9002:978-0-7425-5914-1
8988:978-0-674-00471-9
8968:978-0-8156-0245-3
8598:978-0-313-30543-6
8310:OCR transcription
8271:OCR transcription
8177:, in transcript:
7625:978-0-8108-7956-0
7128:978-0-7864-3074-1
7119:Vietnam Awakening
7100:Chicago Tribune,
6712:"A Turning Point"
6636:monthlyreview.ord
6431:Brummer, Justin.
6381:Brummer, Justin.
5925:978-0-292-74543-8
5867:978-0-8122-2089-6
5803:978-0-8122-2089-6
5778:978-0-8122-2089-6
4776:Lyndon B. Johnson
4667:
4666:
4456:Furman University
4450:Donald Sutherland
4351:of North Vietnam.
4255:Los Angeles Times
4234:Mexican-Americans
4228:August 29 –
4133:Cambodia Invasion
4036:the 5th Dimension
3854:Robert F. Kennedy
3813:Lady Bird Johnson
3768:non-fiction novel
3409:in the background
3384:
3192:Lyndon B. Johnson
3152:, an 82-year-old
2926:
2925:
2788:became the first
2765:Fulbright Hearing
2633:
2632:
2224:John William Ward
2204:personal efficacy
2195:anti-war movement
1894:Environmentalists
1878:bills. Among the
1601:racial inequality
1434:ghetto rebellions
1341:on April 27, 1967
1316:African Americans
1308:Opposition groups
1099:Robert F. Kennedy
971:Dr Benjamin Spock
923:pseudo scientific
857:Buddhist protests
768:Geneva Agreements
726:
725:
718:
585:bought a page in
583:Service Committee
419:
418:
399:Sexual revolution
320:
319:
234:Bed-Ins for Peace
151:
150:
16:(Redirected from
12614:
12534:
12533:
12524:
12523:
12514:
12513:
12271:Operation Popeye
12203:Easter Offensive
12024:State of Vietnam
12014:French Indochina
11996:Cold War in Asia
11904:Việt Minh / PAVN
11870:
11863:
11856:
11847:
11846:
11825:Student activism
11560:
11483:Chicano Movement
11422:Protests of 1968
11415:
11408:
11401:
11392:
11391:
11185:Swinging Sixties
11180:Mods and rockers
11175:British Invasion
11108:
11101:
11094:
11085:
11084:
10908:list of protests
10769:Lesson of Munich
10724:Demilitarisation
10602:Peace journalism
10396:Anti-imperialism
10379:Anarcho-pacifism
10315:Peace psychology
10295:Peace conference
10290:Peace commission
10235:Culture of Peace
10170:
10163:
10156:
10147:
10146:
10136:
10126:
10118:
10108:
10098:
10088:
10078:
9928:Bernardine Dohrn
9884:
9871:(defense lawyer)
9869:William Kunstler
9797:
9790:
9783:
9774:
9773:
9757:Protests of 1968
9651:Donald W. Duncan
9360:Donald W. Duncan
9303:
9302:
9281:
9274:
9267:
9258:
9257:
9136:
8972:
8960:
8941:
8940:
8929:
8923:
8922:
8902:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8891:
8876:"Hey! Hey! LBJ!"
8872:
8866:
8860:
8854:
8851:DeBenedetti 1990
8848:
8842:
8839:DeBenedetti 1990
8836:
8830:
8824:
8818:
8812:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8801:
8790:
8784:
8782:DeBenedetti 1990
8779:
8770:
8767:DeBenedetti 1990
8764:
8758:
8757:
8749:
8743:
8736:
8730:
8727:DeBenedetti 1990
8724:
8718:
8717:
8705:
8699:
8696:
8687:
8684:DeBenedetti 1990
8681:
8675:
8674:
8666:
8655:
8652:DeBenedetti 1990
8649:
8643:
8640:DeBenedetti 1990
8637:
8631:
8628:DeBenedetti 1990
8625:
8616:
8609:
8603:
8602:
8590:
8573:
8567:
8560:
8554:
8547:
8541:
8534:
8528:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8487:
8481:
8474:
8468:
8461:
8455:
8452:
8446:
8441:
8439:
8437:
8424:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8402:
8396:
8395:
8373:
8364:
8328:Associated Press
8325:
8319:
8288:Associated Press
8284:
8278:
8250:
8244:
8237:March 25, 1970,
8225:
8219:
8212:March 26, 1970,
8199:
8193:
8180:CBS Evening News
8160:Cronkite, Walter
8157:
8151:
8129:
8123:
8114:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8081:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8060:
8053:
8047:
8046:
8028:
8022:
8019:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8008:
7992:
7983:
7973:
7967:
7966:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7943:
7937:
7936:
7935:. pp. 1, 3.
7928:
7922:
7921:
7913:
7907:
7890:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7876:
7861:
7855:
7852:DeBenedetti 1990
7849:
7843:
7842:
7836:
7832:
7830:
7822:
7816:
7814:
7796:
7785:
7772:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7752:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7726:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7715:
7704:
7698:
7695:DeBenedetti 1990
7692:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7651:
7636:
7630:
7629:
7607:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7581:
7575:
7574:
7551:
7545:
7544:
7526:
7520:
7513:
7507:
7500:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7483:timeline.unm.edu
7475:
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7202:
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7114:
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7068:
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7055:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7024:
7018:
7017:
7008:(3/4): 146–147.
6997:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6986:
6966:
6955:
6954:
6936:
6913:Feminist Studies
6908:
6899:
6898:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6867:
6861:
6860:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6833:
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6802:
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6793:
6787:
6786:
6778:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6732:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6707:
6698:
6697:
6682:American Studies
6673:
6667:
6664:
6658:
6655:
6649:
6646:
6640:
6639:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6611:Kindig, Jessie.
6608:
6602:
6595:
6589:
6575:
6569:
6555:
6546:
6532:
6526:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6502:
6496:
6489:
6483:
6476:
6470:
6467:
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6454:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6428:
6422:
6404:
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6397:
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6372:
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6330:
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6319:
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6299:
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6271:
6265:
6259:
6253:
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6248:
6234:
6228:
6215:
6209:
6196:
6190:
6184:
6178:
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6166:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6133:
6118:
6117:
6111:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6086:
6073:
6072:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6034:
6028:
6027:
6021:
6011:
6005:
6004:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5909:
5903:
5902:, pp. 57–60
5897:
5891:
5885:
5872:
5871:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5807:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5764:
5758:
5757:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5714:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5690:"Beyond Vietnam"
5686:
5677:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5622:"Beyond Vietnam"
5618:
5609:
5608:
5601:, pp. 57–60
5596:
5585:
5584:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5537:
5531:
5526:Karnow, Stanley
5524:
5518:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5457:
5456:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5430:
5424:
5419:Karnow, Stanley
5417:
5404:
5399:Karnow, Stanley
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5325:
5319:
5316:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5279:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5255:
5246:
5245:
5234:
5050:Donald W. Duncan
5004:
4992:
4977:
4965:
4949:
4937:
4915:
4899:
4887:
4871:
4859:
4847:
4826:Pranab Mukherjee
4820:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4760:during protests.
4662:
4659:
4653:
4633:
4632:
4625:
4338:Harrisburg Seven
4314:to over 12,000.
4205:Portland, Oregon
4153:Lincoln Memorial
4126:Chiang Ching-kuo
4092:Antonia Martínez
4041:Ed Sullivan Show
4019:November –
4003:Bethel, New York
3889:Richard J. Daley
3852:March 16 –
3723:Lincoln Memorial
3652:protesters. The
3611:department store
3589:Russell Tribunal
3585:Bertrand Russell
3568:April 24 –
3512:March 25 –
3452:Golden Gate Park
3403:San Francisco on
3385:
3353:Otto Kerner, Jr.
3339:declared himself
3263:, SDS President
3148:March 16 –
3123:December –
2992:Students at the
2831:
2830:
2681:Shirley Chisholm
2625:
2618:
2611:
2584:Syria Resolution
2545:Boland Amendment
2437:Ludlow Amendment
2398:Spot Resolutions
2369:
2368:
2347:
2346:
2324:women of color.
1995:Elie Siegmeister
1964:
1848:in many states.
1707:Another source,
1583:bombing of Hanoi
1361:"the modern day
1351:anti-imperialist
1347:W. E. B. Du Bois
1278:Vietnam veterans
1251:Richard M. Nixon
1236:A man wearing a
1208:Hearts and Minds
1164:Hearts and Minds
1045:Walter Cronkite,
1029:Nguyễn Ngọc Loan
964:Attorney General
879:Shifting opinion
721:
714:
710:
707:
689:
688:
681:
666:
634:Edward S. Herman
598:Nguyễn Ngọc Loan
560:student activism
484:French Indochina
379:Chicano movement
359:
354:Movements in the
347:
340:
333:
324:
323:
189:
177:
170:
163:
154:
153:
63:
38:
32:
31:
21:
12622:
12621:
12617:
12616:
12615:
12613:
12612:
12611:
12547:
12546:
12545:
12540:
12502:
12487:Pentagon Papers
12454:
12401:
12358:
12320:
12244:
12098:Buddhist crisis
12068:
12054:1955 referendum
12002:
11969:
11888:
11879:
11874:
11844:
11839:
11748:Anti-capitalism
11731:
11697:Presidio mutiny
11602:1968 Miami riot
11561:
11552:
11498:Hippie movement
11424:
11419:
11389:
11384:
11333:
11310:
11222:
11216:
11190:Hippie movement
11158:Cultural events
11153:
11139:Psychedelic art
11122:
11112:
11082:
11077:
11064:
10993:
10937:Afghanistan War
10888:Second Boer War
10864:
10858:
10682:
10505:
10359:
10305:Peace education
10188:Peace advocates
10183:
10174:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10124:
10116:
10106:
10096:
10086:
10076:
10062:
9992:
9896:
9893:Richard Schultz
9882:
9857:
9823:David Dellinger
9806:
9801:
9771:
9766:
9735:
9661:Fort Hood Three
9628:
9618:
9613:Pentagon Papers
9578:
9532:
9489:
9485:Presidio mutiny
9449:
9445:self-immolation
9398:Angry Arts week
9386:
9377:Fort Hood Three
9364:Norman Morrison
9334:
9297:
9290:
9285:
9177:Wayback Machine
9154:
9133:
9115:Olson, James S.
9075:
9073:Further reading
8969:
8949:
8944:
8931:
8930:
8926:
8919:
8903:
8899:
8889:
8887:
8874:
8873:
8869:
8861:
8857:
8849:
8845:
8837:
8833:
8825:
8821:
8813:
8809:
8799:
8797:
8792:
8791:
8787:
8780:
8773:
8765:
8761:
8750:
8746:
8737:
8733:
8725:
8721:
8711:
8706:
8702:
8697:
8690:
8682:
8678:
8667:
8658:
8650:
8646:
8638:
8634:
8626:
8619:
8610:
8606:
8599:
8574:
8570:
8561:
8557:
8548:
8544:
8535:
8531:
8523:
8519:
8509:
8507:
8488:
8484:
8475:
8471:
8462:
8458:
8453:
8449:
8435:
8433:
8426:
8425:
8421:
8411:
8409:
8404:
8403:
8399:
8392:
8380:. Seattle, WA:
8374:
8367:
8357:Wayback Machine
8339:Wayback Machine
8326:
8322:
8299:Wayback Machine
8285:
8281:
8260:Wayback Machine
8251:
8247:
8235:Wayback Machine
8226:
8222:
8210:Wayback Machine
8200:
8196:
8182:for 1970-03-16,
8175:Wayback Machine
8158:
8154:
8140:Wayback Machine
8131:Andrews, Evan,
8130:
8126:
8115:
8111:
8101:
8099:
8082:
8078:
8068:
8066:
8055:
8054:
8050:
8043:
8029:
8025:
8020:
8016:
8006:
8004:
7993:
7986:
7974:
7970:
7959:
7955:
7944:
7940:
7929:
7925:
7914:
7910:
7905:Wayback Machine
7891:
7884:
7874:
7872:
7862:
7858:
7850:
7846:
7834:
7833:
7824:
7823:
7812:
7810:
7797:
7788:
7783:Wayback Machine
7773:
7760:
7750:
7748:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7727:
7723:
7713:
7711:
7706:
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7693:
7689:
7679:
7677:
7664:
7663:
7659:
7649:
7647:
7638:
7637:
7633:
7626:
7608:
7597:
7582:
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7552:
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7541:
7527:
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7514:
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7501:
7497:
7487:
7485:
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7476:
7472:
7463:
7456:
7447:
7443:
7434:
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7408:
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7384:
7377:
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7343:
7339:
7329:
7327:
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7313:
7303:
7301:
7291:
7287:
7277:
7275:
7265:
7261:
7251:
7249:
7245:
7234:
7228:
7224:
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7212:
7204:
7203:
7196:
7186:
7184:
7176:
7175:
7171:
7140:
7136:
7129:
7115:
7108:
7099:
7095:
7087:
7083:
7075:
7071:
7061:
7056:
7052:
7042:
7040:
7025:
7021:
6998:
6994:
6984:
6982:
6967:
6958:
6925:10.2307/3178619
6909:
6902:
6892:
6887:
6883:
6873:
6868:
6864:
6853:
6849:
6842:
6824:
6820:
6812:
6805:
6794:
6790:
6779:
6760:
6750:
6748:
6733:
6726:
6716:
6714:
6708:
6701:
6674:
6670:
6665:
6661:
6656:
6652:
6647:
6643:
6628:
6624:
6609:
6605:
6596:
6592:
6586:Wayback Machine
6576:
6572:
6566:Wayback Machine
6556:
6549:
6543:Wayback Machine
6534:James, David. "
6533:
6529:
6524:
6520:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6490:
6486:
6477:
6473:
6468:
6464:
6455:
6451:
6441:
6439:
6437:Rate Your Music
6429:
6425:
6415:Wayback Machine
6405:
6401:
6391:
6389:
6379:
6375:
6365:Wayback Machine
6355:
6351:
6341:Wayback Machine
6331:
6327:
6317:
6315:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6292:
6290:
6272:
6268:
6260:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6225:Wayback Machine
6216:
6212:
6206:Wayback Machine
6197:
6193:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6169:
6164:
6160:
6149:
6145:
6134:
6121:
6102:
6098:
6087:
6076:
6065:
6061:
6050:
6046:
6035:
6031:
6012:
6008:
5997:
5993:
5982:
5978:
5967:
5963:
5952:
5948:
5937:
5933:
5926:
5910:
5906:
5898:
5894:
5886:
5875:
5868:
5854:
5850:
5843:
5827:
5823:
5815:
5811:
5804:
5790:
5786:
5779:
5765:
5761:
5754:
5740:
5736:
5729:
5715:
5708:
5698:
5696:
5688:
5687:
5680:
5671:
5667:
5660:
5644:
5640:
5630:
5628:
5620:
5619:
5612:
5602:
5597:
5588:
5581:
5565:
5561:
5554:
5538:
5534:
5525:
5521:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5493:
5491:
5488:Washington Post
5482:
5481:
5477:
5469:
5460:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5431:
5427:
5418:
5407:
5398:
5394:
5384:
5382:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5348:
5344:
5334:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5317:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5282:
5277:
5273:
5256:
5249:
5244:. July 7, 2009.
5236:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5145:Presidio mutiny
5065:GI Coffeehouses
5055:Fort Hood Three
5015:
5008:
5005:
4996:
4993:
4984:
4978:
4969:
4966:
4957:
4956:, Canada. 1968.
4950:
4941:
4938:
4929:
4922:
4916:
4907:
4900:
4891:
4888:
4879:
4872:
4863:
4860:
4851:
4848:
4839:
4834:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4700:, the maker of
4663:
4657:
4654:
4647:
4634:
4630:
4623:
4462:GI Coffeehouses
4405:nuclear testing
4362:
4349:renewed bombing
4298:factory in 1973
4284:Washington D.C.
4265:
4219:American Legion
4158:May 1–8 –
4090:March 4 –
4075:
3986:July 31 –
3924:
3839:Eugene McCarthy
3828:credibility gap
3787:
3706:, the maker of
3559:Harry Belafonte
3421:in October 1967
3375:
3373:
3328:Fort Hood Three
3278:
3254:Thích Quảng Đức
3246:Robert McNamara
3239:Norman Morrison
3134:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3049:Fort Hood Three
3041:
3011:
2986:
2962:
2956:
2954:General effects
2951:
2867:30 to 49 years
2814:
2790:Vietnam veteran
2767:
2761:
2753:free-fire zones
2689:Parren Mitchell
2653:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2566:2011 Libyan War
2530:Clark Amendment
2425:Neutrality Acts
2363:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2262:
2256:
2228:Amherst College
2217:counterculture.
2209:beat generation
2168:
2140:
2132:Main articles:
2130:
2095:The War Is Over
2007:Richard Wernick
1965:
1959:
1930:
1896:
1804:or entered the
1776:Wayback Machine
1767:article titled
1738:
1724:
1718:
1688:
1641:Grace Lee Boggs
1566:
1560:
1558:Asian-Americans
1551:Kenneth Bernard
1508:Ronald Haeberle
1496:Denise Levertov
1488:
1450:Washington Post
1328:
1318:
1310:
1290:
1269:
1259:in 1968 titled
1256:Reader's Digest
1230:
1222:Phoenix Program
1203:My Lai massacre
1183:nation-building
1156:My Lai massacre
1148:
1142:
1117:
1111:
1103:Hubert Humphrey
1084:Henry Kissinger
1068:Eugene McCarthy
1064:
1054:
1009:
995:
948:
917:", an essay by
881:
865:
833:Norman Morrison
777:
756:
722:
711:
705:
702:
690:
686:
667:
661:
646:
537:Wichita, Kansas
525:
519:
514:
505:Pentagon Papers
477:Robert McNamara
468:), and others.
440:Members of the
431:social movement
420:
415:
360:
355:
353:
351:
321:
316:
288:
214:Angry Arts week
190:
186:
183:
181:
147:
112:
74:
67:military police
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12620:
12610:
12609:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12579:
12574:
12569:
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12559:
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12366:
12364:
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12345:
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12322:
12321:
12319:
12318:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12289:
12288:
12283:
12273:
12268:
12266:Sihanouk Trail
12263:
12258:
12256:Củ Chi tunnels
12252:
12250:
12246:
12245:
12243:
12242:
12240:Fall of Saigon
12237:
12228:
12219:
12210:
12205:
12196:
12183:
12174:
12156:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12128:
12123:
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12105:
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12056:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12027:
12021:
12016:
12010:
12008:
12004:
12003:
12001:
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11999:
11998:
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11604:
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11567:
11563:
11562:
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11550:
11545:
11540:
11535:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11493:Gay liberation
11490:
11485:
11480:
11475:
11470:
11465:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11444:
11443:
11432:
11430:
11426:
11425:
11418:
11417:
11410:
11403:
11395:
11386:
11385:
11383:
11382:
11377:
11375:UK underground
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11341:
11339:
11335:
11334:
11332:
11331:
11330:
11329:
11318:
11316:
11312:
11311:
11309:
11308:
11307:
11306:
11296:
11295:
11294:
11284:
11283:
11282:
11272:
11270:Gay liberation
11267:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11226:
11224:
11218:
11217:
11215:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11203:
11202:
11200:Summer of Love
11197:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11167:
11161:
11159:
11155:
11154:
11152:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11130:
11128:
11124:
11123:
11111:
11110:
11103:
11096:
11088:
11079:
11078:
11076:
11075:
11069:
11066:
11065:
11063:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11050:United Kingdom
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11027:
11022:
11017:
11012:
11007:
11001:
10999:
10995:
10994:
10992:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10975:
10974:
10969:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10944:
10939:
10934:
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10927:
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10912:
10911:
10910:
10900:
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10885:
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10868:
10866:
10860:
10859:
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10856:
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10844:
10837:
10832:
10825:
10820:
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10808:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10690:
10688:
10684:
10683:
10681:
10680:
10675:
10673:Women in Black
10670:
10669:
10668:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10617:
10616:
10611:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10513:
10511:
10507:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10436:Green politics
10433:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10406:Antimilitarism
10403:
10398:
10393:
10392:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10373:
10367:
10365:
10361:
10360:
10358:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10310:Peace movement
10307:
10302:
10300:Peace congress
10297:
10292:
10287:
10285:Peace churches
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10240:ECOPEACE Party
10237:
10232:
10230:Counterculture
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10191:
10189:
10185:
10184:
10181:peace movement
10173:
10172:
10165:
10158:
10150:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10137:
10127:
10119:
10109:
10099:
10089:
10079:
10070:
10068:
10064:
10063:
10061:
10060:
10055:
10047:
10046:
10045:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10019:
10018:
10006:
10000:
9998:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9933:Allen Ginsberg
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9904:
9902:
9898:
9897:
9895:
9894:
9891:
9885:
9880:Julius Hoffman
9877:
9872:
9865:
9863:
9859:
9858:
9856:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9814:
9812:
9808:
9807:
9800:
9799:
9792:
9785:
9777:
9768:
9767:
9765:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9743:
9741:
9737:
9736:
9734:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9706:Terry Whitmore
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9632:
9630:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9616:
9609:
9604:
9597:
9592:
9586:
9584:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9559:Fort Lewis Six
9556:
9551:
9546:
9540:
9538:
9534:
9533:
9531:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9497:
9495:
9491:
9490:
9488:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9471:
9470:
9457:
9455:
9451:
9450:
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9447:
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9417:
9412:
9407:
9400:
9394:
9392:
9388:
9387:
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9384:
9379:
9374:
9353:
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9342:
9340:
9336:
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9315:
9309:
9307:
9300:
9292:
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9284:
9283:
9276:
9269:
9261:
9255:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9231:
9225:
9217:
9212:
9209:Democracy Now!
9201:
9195:
9184:
9179:
9167:
9161:
9153:
9152:External links
9150:
9149:
9148:
9145:Quaker History
9137:
9131:
9117:, ed. (1999).
9111:
9104:
9083:
9074:
9071:
9070:
9069:
9062:
9055:
9050:Maeda, Daryl.
9048:
9043:Zinn, Howard.
9041:
9034:
9031:
9024:
9021:
9018:
9004:
8990:
8976:
8973:
8967:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8942:
8924:
8918:978-0733628009
8917:
8897:
8867:
8855:
8843:
8831:
8819:
8807:
8785:
8771:
8759:
8744:
8731:
8719:
8700:
8688:
8676:
8656:
8644:
8632:
8617:
8613:New York Times
8604:
8597:
8579:, ed. (1999).
8568:
8564:New York Times
8555:
8551:New York Times
8542:
8538:New York Times
8529:
8517:
8482:
8478:New York Times
8469:
8465:New York Times
8456:
8447:
8419:
8397:
8390:
8365:
8344:New York Times
8320:
8279:
8275:Newspapers.com
8245:
8240:New York Times
8220:
8215:New York Times
8194:
8152:
8124:
8109:
8076:
8048:
8042:978-0742552586
8041:
8023:
8014:
7984:
7976:Clark Clifford
7968:
7953:
7938:
7923:
7908:
7882:
7856:
7844:
7835:|website=
7786:
7758:
7736:
7721:
7699:
7687:
7657:
7631:
7624:
7595:
7576:
7567:978-0670839353
7566:
7546:
7540:978-0700605866
7539:
7521:
7508:
7495:
7470:
7454:
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7428:
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7406:
7390:
7375:
7368:
7350:
7337:
7311:
7285:
7259:
7222:
7194:
7169:
7156:10.2307/447561
7134:
7127:
7106:
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6900:
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6818:
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6699:
6668:
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6650:
6641:
6622:
6617:washington.edu
6603:
6590:
6570:
6547:
6527:
6518:
6497:
6484:
6471:
6462:
6449:
6423:
6406:Arnold, Ben. "
6399:
6373:
6356:Arnold, Ben. "
6349:
6332:Arnold, Ben. "
6325:
6300:
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6229:
6210:
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5991:
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5892:
5873:
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5821:
5809:
5802:
5784:
5777:
5759:
5753:978-0812220896
5752:
5734:
5728:978-0812220896
5727:
5706:
5678:
5665:
5658:
5638:
5610:
5586:
5579:
5559:
5552:
5532:
5519:
5510:
5501:
5475:
5458:
5440:
5425:
5405:
5392:
5367:
5361:978-0700605866
5360:
5342:
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4739:
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4714:
4682:
4675:
4665:
4664:
4637:
4635:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4588:
4587:
4581:
4574:Andrea Dworkin
4570:Barbara Deming
4546:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4520:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4408:
4398:
4395:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4368:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4341:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4308:
4264:
4263:1971 and after
4261:
4260:
4259:
4232:: some 25,000
4226:
4203:was held near
4193:
4186:
4173:
4166:
4163:
4156:
4129:
4118:
4099:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4053:
4032:
4028:
4017:
4014:
4006:
3991:
3984:
3973:
3969:
3966:Environments 3
3958:
3951:
3944:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3908:
3877:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3835:
3831:
3816:
3805:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3739:Allen Ginsberg
3711:
3696:
3681:
3677:
3674:Tim Lee Carter
3670:
3666:
3642:
3633:Neil Armstrong
3631:Summer –
3629:
3622:
3608:À L'Innovation
3604:
3581:
3566:
3539:
3525:
3510:
3507:
3497:
3480:
3477:
3470:
3469:group founded.
3463:
3456:Haight-Ashbury
3399:Mounted police
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3331:
3324:
3319:Joan Baez and
3317:
3314:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3257:
3235:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3205:
3202:
3195:
3176:
3163:(SDS) and the
3157:
3146:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3121:
3106:
3082:
3079:
3071:
3068:
3040:
3037:
3010:
3007:
2985:
2984:Fewer soldiers
2982:
2955:
2952:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2897:
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2890:
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2879:
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2874:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2813:
2812:Public opinion
2810:
2763:Main article:
2760:
2757:
2737:Abner J. Mikva
2735:(Dem-WI), and
2717:Pete McCloskey
2701:James Abourezk
2697:Herman Badillo
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2532:
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2525:
2518:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:Southeast Asia
2455:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2344:
2341:
2317:US wars abroad
2255:
2252:
2199:Freedom Summer
2167:
2164:
2129:
2126:
2103:counterculture
2031:, recorded by
2011:John W. Downey
1957:
1941:Fred Åkerström
1929:
1926:
1895:
1892:
1866:and religious
1802:National Guard
1764:New York Times
1720:Main article:
1717:
1714:
1687:
1684:
1645:Yuri Kochiyama
1559:
1556:
1492:Allen Ginsberg
1487:
1484:
1468:War on Poverty
1454:New York Times
1317:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1289:
1288:Later protests
1286:
1268:
1265:
1229:
1226:
1187:infrastructure
1144:Main article:
1141:
1138:
1113:Main article:
1110:
1107:
1092:Jean Sain Teny
1053:
1050:
1013:Nguyễn Văn Lem
994:
991:
947:
946:Draft protests
944:
935:Hedley Donovan
880:
877:
864:
861:
776:
775:Early protests
773:
755:
752:
724:
723:
706:September 2024
693:
691:
684:
659:
645:
642:
594:infamous photo
535:protesters in
518:
515:
513:
510:
466:Benjamin Spock
442:peace movement
417:
416:
414:
413:
408:
407:
406:
404:Gay liberation
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
365:
362:
361:
350:
349:
342:
335:
327:
318:
317:
315:
314:
309:
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299:
294:
287:
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266:
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236:
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206:
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149:
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137:
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107:
100:
98:
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93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
64:
56:
55:
40:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12619:
12608:
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
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12580:
12578:
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12568:
12565:
12563:
12560:
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12537:
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12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12367:
12365:
12361:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12343:
12342:POW/MIA issue
12340:
12338:
12335:
12334:
12333:
12330:
12329:
12327:
12323:
12316:
12312:
12308:
12304:
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12197:
12195:
12191:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12178:
12175:
12172:
12168:
12164:
12163:Tet Offensive
12160:
12157:
12155:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12126:December coup
12124:
12122:
12118:
12115:
12113:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12095:
12092:
12090:
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12065:
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12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12039:
12035:
12031:
12028:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12011:
12009:
12005:
11997:
11994:
11993:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11978:
11976:
11972:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11934:
11933:United States
11931:
11930:
11929:
11926:
11923:
11919:
11918:South Vietnam
11916:
11913:
11909:
11905:
11901:
11900:North Vietnam
11898:
11897:
11895:
11891:
11887:
11882:
11878:
11871:
11866:
11864:
11859:
11857:
11852:
11851:
11848:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11814:
11811:
11810:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11776:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11740:
11738:
11734:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11712:Silence March
11710:
11708:
11707:Shinjuku riot
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11692:Prague Spring
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11678:
11675:
11673:
11670:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11657:Mafeje affair
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11580:
11576:
11575:
11574:
11571:
11570:
11568:
11564:
11559:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11539:
11536:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
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11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
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11479:
11476:
11474:
11471:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11442:
11439:
11438:
11437:
11434:
11433:
11431:
11427:
11423:
11416:
11411:
11409:
11404:
11402:
11397:
11396:
11393:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11345:Discordianism
11343:
11342:
11340:
11336:
11328:
11325:
11324:
11323:
11320:
11319:
11317:
11313:
11305:
11304:United States
11302:
11301:
11300:
11297:
11293:
11290:
11289:
11288:
11285:
11281:
11278:
11277:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11256:
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11251:
11248:
11246:
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11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11227:
11225:
11219:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11192:
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11188:
11186:
11183:
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11178:
11176:
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11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11162:
11160:
11156:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11131:
11129:
11125:
11120:
11116:
11109:
11104:
11102:
11097:
11095:
11090:
11089:
11086:
11074:
11071:
11070:
11067:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11055:United States
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11002:
11000:
10996:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10964:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10922:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10915:War on Terror
10913:
10909:
10906:
10905:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10878:
10874:
10871:War of 1812 (
10870:
10869:
10867:
10861:
10855:
10852:
10849:
10845:
10842:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10830:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10813:
10809:
10807:
10804:
10802:
10801:Peacebuilding
10799:
10797:
10794:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10776:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10739:Draft evasion
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10719:De-escalation
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10685:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10667:
10664:
10663:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10621:Peace One Day
10619:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10609:
10605:
10604:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10514:
10512:
10508:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10426:Direct action
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10384:Anarcho-punks
10382:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10366:
10362:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10350:War resisters
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10192:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10178:
10171:
10166:
10164:
10159:
10157:
10152:
10151:
10148:
10133:
10132:
10128:
10123:
10122:The Chicago 8
10120:
10115:
10114:
10110:
10105:
10104:
10100:
10095:
10094:
10090:
10085:
10084:
10080:
10075:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10065:
10059:
10056:
10053:
10052:
10048:
10044:
10041:
10040:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10016:
10012:
10011:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10001:
9999:
9995:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9963:Norman Mailer
9961:
9959:
9958:Timothy Leary
9956:
9954:
9953:Nancy Kurshan
9951:
9949:
9948:Paul Krassner
9946:
9944:
9943:Anita Hoffman
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9899:
9892:
9889:
9886:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9870:
9867:
9866:
9864:
9862:Lawyers/Judge
9860:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9838:Abbie Hoffman
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9815:
9813:
9809:
9805:
9804:Chicago Seven
9798:
9793:
9791:
9786:
9784:
9779:
9778:
9775:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9744:
9742:
9738:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9676:Intrepid Four
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9636:Chicago Seven
9634:
9633:
9631:
9629:organizations
9625:
9615:
9614:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9602:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9587:
9585:
9581:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9569:Hard Hat Riot
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9535:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9513:Chicago Seven
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9503:
9499:
9498:
9496:
9492:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9468:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9452:
9446:
9443:
9440:
9436:
9435:
9431:
9429:
9427:
9423:
9422:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9405:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9395:
9393:
9389:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9369:
9365:
9361:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9343:
9341:
9337:
9329:
9326:
9325:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9293:
9289:
9282:
9277:
9275:
9270:
9268:
9263:
9262:
9259:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9232:
9229:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9210:
9205:
9202:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9193:
9192:Life magazine
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9174:
9171:
9168:
9165:
9162:
9159:
9156:
9155:
9146:
9142:
9138:
9134:
9128:
9125:. Greenwood.
9124:
9120:
9116:
9112:
9109:
9105:
9103:
9099:
9095:
9091:
9087:
9084:
9081:
9077:
9076:
9067:
9063:
9060:
9056:
9053:
9049:
9046:
9042:
9039:
9035:
9032:
9029:
9025:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9013:
9009:
9005:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8989:
8985:
8981:
8977:
8974:
8970:
8964:
8959:
8958:
8951:
8950:
8938:
8934:
8928:
8920:
8914:
8910:
8909:
8908:Ghost Platoon
8901:
8885:
8881:
8880:The Economist
8877:
8871:
8865:, p. 159
8864:
8863:Swerdlow 1992
8859:
8852:
8847:
8841:, p. 185
8840:
8835:
8829:, p. 185
8828:
8823:
8817:, p. 192
8816:
8811:
8795:
8789:
8783:
8778:
8776:
8768:
8763:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8735:
8729:, p. 329
8728:
8723:
8715:
8710:, p. 150
8709:
8704:
8695:
8693:
8686:, p. 144
8685:
8680:
8672:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8654:, p. 146
8653:
8648:
8641:
8636:
8630:, p. 360
8629:
8624:
8622:
8614:
8608:
8600:
8594:
8589:
8588:
8582:
8578:
8572:
8565:
8559:
8552:
8546:
8539:
8533:
8526:
8521:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8493:
8486:
8479:
8473:
8466:
8460:
8451:
8445:
8431:
8430:
8423:
8407:
8401:
8393:
8391:9780295752051
8387:
8383:
8379:
8372:
8370:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8351:
8347:
8345:
8340:
8336:
8333:
8329:
8324:
8317:
8316:
8311:
8307:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8293:
8289:
8283:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8266:
8261:
8257:
8254:
8249:
8242:
8241:
8236:
8232:
8229:
8224:
8217:
8216:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8201:Emery, Fred,
8198:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8181:
8176:
8172:
8169:
8165:
8164:Nelson Benton
8161:
8156:
8149:
8145:
8141:
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7867:
7860:
7854:, p. 172
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7542:
7536:
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7525:
7518:
7515:Howard Zinn,
7512:
7505:
7502:Howard Zinn,
7499:
7484:
7480:
7474:
7467:
7464:Howard Zinn,
7461:
7459:
7451:
7448:Howard Zinn,
7445:
7438:
7435:Howard Zinn,
7432:
7423:
7416:
7413:Howard Zinn,
7410:
7403:
7400:Howard Zinn,
7397:
7395:
7388:
7385:Howard Zinn,
7382:
7380:
7371:
7369:0-684-84254-8
7365:
7361:
7354:
7347:
7344:Howard Zinn,
7341:
7326:
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7315:
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6843:
6841:9780140097191
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6814:Swerdlow 1992
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6387:History Today
6384:
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6318:September 29,
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5842:9780698191556
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5819:, p. 188
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4919:Fatigue Press
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4638:This article
4636:
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4618:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
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4582:
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4578:Abbie Hoffman
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4442:Free the Army
4439:
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4360:Organizations
4353:
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4339:
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4331:
4327:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:Abbie Hoffman
4313:
4309:
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4297:
4292:
4285:
4280:
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4269:
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4246:Rubén Salazar
4243:
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4231:
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4220:
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4206:
4202:
4201:rock festival
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4110:
4107:hijacked the
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4079:
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3978:
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3945:
3942:
3941:South Vietnam
3938:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3905:Chicago Seven
3902:
3898:
3894:
3893:"police riot"
3890:
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3882:
3878:
3875:
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3865:
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3858:
3855:
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3825:
3821:
3820:Tet Offensive
3817:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3764:Norman Mailer
3761:
3760:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3731:Abbie Hoffman
3728:
3724:
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3582:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3570:Abbie Hoffman
3567:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3545:marched from
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3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:May – A
3196:
3193:
3190:of president
3189:
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3091:Atlantic City
3087:
3077:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3009:Campus unrest
3006:
3002:
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2981:
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2899:
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2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:50 and older
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2422:
2418:
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2414:
2411:
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2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:North America
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:In 1971, the
2309:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2288:(WILPF), and
2287:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2134:G.I. movement
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2033:Barry McGuire
2030:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:William Mayer
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1971:Joni Mitchell
1962:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1909:Silent Spring
1906:'s 1962 book
1905:
1904:Rachel Carson
1901:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1880:tax resisters
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:homosexuality
1807:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1754:draft lottery
1747:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1716:Draft evasion
1713:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:San Francisco
1626:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:Robert Lowell
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:Robert Duncan
1497:
1493:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:, were often
1348:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1244:in April 1967
1243:
1242:San Francisco
1239:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1213:Academy Award
1210:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:Civil Affairs
1169:
1165:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:In May 1969,
1116:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:New Hampshire
1069:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:Tet Offensive
1018:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1000:
990:
986:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
965:
961:
958:as an act of
957:
952:
943:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:
902:
897:
890:
885:
876:
874:
870:
860:
858:
854:
853:New York City
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
831:
827:
822:
820:
815:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
769:
765:
760:
751:
748:
744:
739:
735:
730:
720:
717:
709:
700:
699:
694:This section
692:
683:
682:
679:
677:
673:
672:domino theory
664:
658:
650:
641:
639:
635:
631:
630:
624:
620:
618:
614:
610:
609:domino theory
605:
603:
602:Tet Offensive
599:
595:
590:
589:
584:
580:
579:Dien Bien Phu
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
538:
534:
529:
524:
509:
507:
506:
501:
497:
496:Richard Nixon
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
412:
409:
405:
402:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
363:
358:
348:
343:
341:
336:
334:
329:
328:
325:
313:
310:
308:
307:G.I. movement
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Hard Hat Riot
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
193:
188:
178:
173:
171:
166:
164:
159:
158:
155:
143:
141:
138:
136:
132:
128:
125:
122:
121:
119:
115:
108:
106:
102:
101:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
69:guard at the
68:
62:
57:
54:
50:
46:
41:
33:
30:
19:
12485:
12459:Other topics
12417:
12281:Agent Orange
12230:
12221:
12212:
12198:
12185:
12176:
12158:
12149:
12130:
12107:
12093:
12079:
11893:Participants
11763:Flower power
11702:Rodney riots
11617:Båstad riots
11538:The Troubles
11522:
11274:
10902:
10898:World War II
10754:Flower power
10606:
10446:Isolationism
10320:Peace treaty
10129:
10121:
10111:
10102:
10091:
10081:
10049:
10042:
9923:Judy Collins
9918:Noam Chomsky
9890:(prosecutor)
9828:John Froines
9818:Rennie Davis
9711:The Newsreel
9611:
9599:
9523:Days of Rage
9500:
9442:Nhat Chi Mai
9432:
9426:Flower Power
9425:
9287:
9235:Sir! No Sir!
9234:
9220:
9207:
9190:
9144:
9122:
9107:
9089:
9079:
9078:Bates, Tom.
9065:
9058:
9057:Lee, Erika.
9051:
9044:
9027:
9007:
8993:
8979:
8978:John Hagan,
8956:
8936:
8927:
8907:
8900:
8890:September 7,
8888:. Retrieved
8879:
8870:
8858:
8853:, p. 54
8846:
8834:
8822:
8810:
8800:November 25,
8798:. Retrieved
8788:
8769:, p. 14
8762:
8753:
8747:
8739:
8734:
8722:
8703:
8679:
8670:
8647:
8642:, p. 18
8635:
8612:
8607:
8586:
8581:"Chronology"
8571:
8563:
8558:
8550:
8545:
8537:
8532:
8524:
8520:
8508:. Retrieved
8495:
8485:
8477:
8472:
8464:
8459:
8450:
8443:
8434:. Retrieved
8428:
8422:
8410:. Retrieved
8400:
8377:
8361:Hood College
8342:
8323:
8313:
8302:
8282:
8274:
8263:
8248:
8238:
8223:
8213:
8197:
8178:
8155:
8147:
8143:
8127:
8118:
8112:
8100:. Retrieved
8091:Toronto Star
8089:
8079:
8069:December 18,
8067:. Retrieved
8062:
8051:
8032:
8026:
8017:
8005:. Retrieved
7979:
7971:
7962:
7956:
7947:
7941:
7932:
7926:
7917:
7911:
7893:
7875:December 12,
7873:. Retrieved
7869:
7859:
7847:
7818:
7813:December 12,
7811:. Retrieved
7801:
7749:. Retrieved
7739:
7730:
7724:
7712:. Retrieved
7702:
7690:
7678:. Retrieved
7669:
7660:
7648:. Retrieved
7644:the original
7634:
7615:
7612:"Chronology"
7587:
7579:
7571:
7556:
7549:
7530:
7524:
7516:
7511:
7503:
7498:
7486:. Retrieved
7482:
7473:
7465:
7449:
7444:
7436:
7431:
7422:
7414:
7409:
7401:
7386:
7359:
7353:
7345:
7340:
7330:November 13,
7328:. Retrieved
7324:
7314:
7304:November 13,
7302:. Retrieved
7298:
7288:
7278:November 13,
7276:. Retrieved
7272:
7262:
7250:. Retrieved
7238:
7225:
7213:. Retrieved
7209:
7185:. Retrieved
7181:
7172:
7150:(1): 21–44.
7147:
7143:
7137:
7118:
7101:
7096:
7084:
7072:
7060:, p. 44
7053:
7041:. Retrieved
7032:
7022:
7005:
7001:
6995:
6983:. Retrieved
6974:
6919:(1): 65–78.
6916:
6912:
6891:, p. 56
6884:
6872:, p. 92
6865:
6856:
6850:
6829:
6821:
6797:
6791:
6782:
6749:. Retrieved
6740:
6715:. Retrieved
6685:
6681:
6671:
6662:
6653:
6644:
6635:
6625:
6616:
6606:
6598:
6593:
6573:
6530:
6521:
6509:. Retrieved
6500:
6492:
6487:
6479:
6474:
6465:
6457:
6452:
6440:. Retrieved
6436:
6426:
6418:
6402:
6390:. Retrieved
6386:
6376:
6368:
6352:
6344:
6328:
6316:. Retrieved
6312:
6303:
6291:. Retrieved
6279:
6269:
6261:
6257:
6245:. Retrieved
6241:
6232:
6213:
6194:
6187:
6182:
6161:
6152:
6146:
6107:
6099:
6090:
6068:
6062:
6053:
6047:
6038:
6032:
6017:
6009:
6000:
5994:
5985:
5979:
5970:
5964:
5955:
5949:
5940:
5934:
5914:
5907:
5895:
5857:
5851:
5831:
5824:
5812:
5793:
5787:
5768:
5762:
5743:
5737:
5718:
5697:. Retrieved
5693:
5673:
5668:
5648:
5641:
5629:. Retrieved
5625:
5569:
5562:
5542:
5535:
5527:
5522:
5513:
5504:
5492:. Retrieved
5487:
5478:
5443:
5434:
5428:
5420:
5403:pp. 488–489.
5400:
5395:
5383:. Retrieved
5379:
5370:
5351:
5345:
5333:. Retrieved
5323:
5303:
5299:
5274:
5260:
5241:
5232:
5184:
5163:Sir! No Sir!
5161:
4918:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4771:
4764:
4753:
4742:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4709:
4706:Agent Orange
4689:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4655:
4644:MOS:LISTSORT
4639:
4612:
4589:
4562:Tad Richards
4554:Maris Cakars
4549:
4430:Heinz Norden
4253:
4208:
4176:
4108:
4056:
4039:
4021:Sam Melville
3997:was held at
3987:
3977:David Harris
3962:Central Park
3948:SUNY Buffalo
3883:was held in
3874:Rennie Davis
3847:unkempt look
3824:the Pentagon
3818:January 30–
3780:for the war.
3771:
3757:
3753:Flower Power
3751:
3636:
3607:
3547:Central Park
3533:See details
3532:
3500:
3494:Noam Chomsky
3483:
3440:
3419:the Pentagon
3357:John H. Reed
3346:
3335:Muhammad Ali
3265:Carl Oglesby
3250:the Pentagon
3209:the Pentagon
3169:civil rights
3064:
3059:
3054:
3028:
3024:
3003:
2999:
2978:Michael Lind
2975:
2969:
2963:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2826:
2818:
2815:
2768:
2749:
2741:
2693:John Conyers
2674:
2669:
2654:
2645:
2473:1971 Vietnam
2333:
2326:
2322:
2310:
2303:
2294:
2278:
2236:
2232:
2220:
2184:
2160:
2152:Philadelphia
2116:
2084:
2070:
2060:
2051:
2044:Jimi Hendrix
2037:
2027:
2015:
1983:Lou Harrison
1967:
1951:
1914:Agent Orange
1907:
1897:
1888:Noam Chomsky
1857:
1850:
1846:drinking age
1838:
1831:
1827:
1823:Arlo Guthrie
1794:
1787:
1780:
1762:
1758:World War II
1751:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1677:Chris Iijima
1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1622:
1598:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1535:Frank O'Hara
1531:Lenny Lipton
1528:
1523:
1489:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1459:Ralph Bunche
1453:
1449:
1443:
1407:
1378:Muhammad Ali
1367:
1355:Paul Robeson
1344:
1311:
1291:
1270:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1238:Purple Heart
1207:
1199:Peter Arnett
1191:
1180:
1176:World War II
1161:
1121:
1118:
1096:
1065:
1041:
1010:
987:
983:
967:Ramsey Clark
953:
949:
938:
930:
926:
919:Noam Chomsky
908:
906:
903:, April 1968
866:
837:The Pentagon
823:
816:
804:
785:
778:
770:in July 1964
743:Conservative
731:
727:
712:
703:
698:copy editing
696:may require
695:
669:
656:
644:Polarization
638:Noam Chomsky
627:
621:
606:
586:
576:
572:baby-boomers
557:
545:conscription
542:
503:
481:
470:
450:civil rights
439:
422:
421:
393:
244:Days of Rage
184:
29:
11963:New Zealand
11958:South Korea
11877:Vietnam War
11830:Vietnam War
11753:Black power
11350:Freak scene
11338:Subcultures
11195:Human Be-In
11170:Beatlemania
11045:Switzerland
11030:Netherlands
10903:Vietnam War
10893:World War I
10764:Human Be-In
10501:World peace
10466:Nonviolence
10431:Finvenkismo
10411:Appeasement
10325:Peaceworker
10135:(2020 film)
10125:(2011 film)
10107:(2007 film)
10097:(2000 film)
10087:(1987 film)
10077:(1970 song)
10054:(1968 book)
10038:Vietnam War
9973:Graham Nash
9913:Stew Albert
9848:Bobby Seale
9843:Jerry Rubin
9382:Human Be-In
9339:Before 1967
9086:Greene, Bob
8510:January 20,
8363:, Maryland.
8148:History.com
7999:. Aei.org.
7252:October 30,
7215:October 23,
7043:January 14,
6985:January 10,
6751:October 26,
6717:October 26,
6688:(2): 5–22.
6186:Friedland,
5835:. Penguin.
5699:October 30,
5631:October 30,
5125:Nonviolence
4652:if you can.
4566:Grace Paley
4558:Marty Jezer
4238:billy clubs
4225:in Chicago.
4131:Kent State/
4122:Peter Huang
4025:Jane Alpert
4001:'s farm in
3901:US Attorney
3809:Eartha Kitt
3735:Jerry Rubin
3663:nightsticks
3555:James Bevel
3529:Ho Chi Minh
3488:published "
3448:Human Be-In
3321:A. J. Muste
3295:White House
3232:draft board
3199:Gallup poll
3116:passed the
2966:Howard Zinn
2837:Yes %
2725:Henry Reuss
2713:Don Edwards
2709:Phil Burton
2677:Bella Abzug
2657:Ron Dellums
2406:World War I
2179:Vietnam War
2175:West German
2154:during the
2118:John Lennon
2056:Buddy Miles
2048:Machine Gun
2019:P. F. Sloan
1999:Robert Fink
1963:, 1963/1967
1961:Pete Seeger
1806:Peace Corps
1637:Indochinese
1633:Third World
1618:prostitutes
1547:Megan Terry
1539:Sam Shepard
1520:Nancy Spero
1439:Black Power
1426:UC Berkeley
1418:Julian Bond
1410:Selma March
1390:James Bevel
1359:Ho Chi Minh
1298:decorations
1027:by General
913:published "
811:Draft Board
807:conscripted
792:Draft Board
596:of General
553:blue-collar
533:Vietnam War
209:Human Be-In
129:End of the
117:Resulted in
49:Vietnam War
12551:Categories
12332:Casualties
12303:War crimes
12286:Land mines
12121:Resolution
12007:Background
11783:Hot Autumn
11327:newspapers
11255:Dialoguero
11149:Youthquake
11010:Costa Rica
10796:Peace walk
10608:Peace News
10486:Satyagraha
10471:Pacificism
10461:Nonkilling
10375:Anarchism
10364:Ideologies
10280:Peace camp
10103:Chicago 10
10043:opposition
9988:Ed Sanders
9938:Judy Gumbo
9901:Supporters
9853:Lee Weiner
9833:Tom Hayden
9811:Defendants
9627:People and
9356:Alice Herz
9298:and events
9102:0399133860
9090:Homecoming
8947:References
8827:Adams 1992
8815:Gills 1992
8708:Small 1992
8102:August 24,
7982:pp. 47–55.
7210:Gallup.com
7182:Gallup.com
7089:Adams 1992
7077:Rosen 2006
7058:Small 1992
6889:Small 1992
6870:Small 1992
6242:libcom.org
5900:Gills 1992
5888:Gills 1992
5817:Gills 1992
5599:Small 1992
5448:Small 1992
4874:Ad for an
4837:Propaganda
4606:, and the
4446:Jane Fonda
4344:elsewhere.
4305:threw away
4273:US Capitol
4215:Tom McCall
4058:And babies
4050:tyrannical
3999:Max Yasgur
3811:yelled at
3794:Olof Palme
3601:show trial
3574:capitalism
3167:(SNCC), a
3150:Alice Herz
2958:See also:
2845:US adults
2840:No %
2806:war crimes
2802:atrocities
2786:John Kerry
2739:(Dem-IL).
2731:(Dem-NY),
2727:(Dem-WI),
2719:(Rep-CA),
2715:(Dem-CA),
2711:(Dem-CA),
2707:(Dem-CA),
2703:(Dem-SD),
2699:(Dem-NY),
2695:(Dem-MI),
2691:(Dem-MD),
2687:(Dem-HI),
2685:Patsy Mink
2683:(Dem-NY),
2679:(Dem-NY),
2662:war crimes
2635:See also:
2590:2018–2019
2353:opposition
2258:See also:
2003:David Noon
1987:Gail Kubik
1876:income tax
1842:voting age
1752:The first
1726:See also:
1631:, "We, as
1562:See also:
1516:Leon Golub
1512:Peter Saul
1504:Robert Bly
1320:See also:
1195:body count
1094:in Paris.
1056:See also:
809:, but the
521:See also:
512:Background
473:nonviolent
51:, and the
12406:Reactions
12363:Aftermath
12034:Việt Minh
11943:Australia
11912:Viet Cong
11768:Free love
11429:Movements
11223:movements
11212:Woodstock
10998:Countries
10979:Landmines
10967:in Russia
10925:Criticism
10734:Desertion
10220:Code Pink
10074:"Chicago"
9978:Phil Ochs
9888:Tom Foran
8527:, p. 996.
8436:April 16,
8184:from the
7898:on Scribd
7837:ignored (
7827:cite book
7670:USA Today
7187:April 19,
6943:0046-3663
6442:March 10,
6392:March 10,
6288:0362-4331
4658:June 2024
4600:Bruderhof
4419:anarchism
4323:Camden 28
4296:Moskvitch
3981:Joan Baez
3798:Stockholm
3693:Joan Baez
3628:was born.
3595:, a mock
3593:Stockholm
3462:activity.
3431:The Hague
3269:Indochina
3125:Joan Baez
2745:artillery
2538:Nicaragua
2431:1935–1940
2419:1935–1939
2099:Bob Dylan
2087:Phil Ochs
2079:Woodstock
2023:folk rock
1979:Phil Ochs
1975:Joan Baez
1945:Stockholm
1928:Musicians
1924:in 1962.
1884:Joan Baez
1870:like the
1868:pacifists
1594:teach-ins
1374:Bob Moses
1370:Malcolm X
1274:civil war
1088:Xuan Thuy
1017:Viet Cong
901:Amsterdam
800:teach-in.
676:communism
613:communism
500:the draft
87:Caused by
12562:Protests
12516:Category
12423:Protests
12392:Veterans
12249:Conflict
12167:Khe Sanh
11938:Thailand
11788:New Left
11441:Zenkyōtō
11370:Rude boy
11280:protests
11119:timeline
11073:Category
10930:Protests
10920:Iraq War
10823:Teach-in
10476:Pacifism
10177:Anti-war
9607:FTA Show
9296:Protests
9173:Archived
9096:, 1989.
8884:Archived
8504:Archived
8412:March 7,
8353:Archived
8335:Archived
8295:Archived
8256:Archived
8231:Archived
8206:Archived
8171:Archived
8136:Archived
8096:Archived
8007:March 7,
8001:Archived
7901:Archived
7807:Archived
7779:Archived
7751:March 7,
7714:March 7,
7674:Archived
7650:March 7,
7243:Archived
7037:Archived
6979:Archived
6745:Archived
6694:40643909
6582:Archived
6562:Archived
6539:Archived
6511:June 16,
6411:Archived
6361:Archived
6337:Archived
6247:June 27,
6221:Archived
6202:Archived
5494:June 26,
5471:Fry 2007
5385:July 26,
5335:March 7,
5180:Teach-in
5013:See also
4927:Protests
4876:FTA Show
4527:New Left
4423:Gandhian
4415:pacifist
4355:arrests.
4242:tear gas
4145:Cambodia
4141:anti-war
4115:Cambodia
4083:Helsinki
3834:"hawks."
3669:impasse.
3654:Riot Act
3615:Brussels
3154:pacifist
3143:teach-in
3114:Congress
3070:Timeline
2705:Leo Ryan
2215:and the
2166:Students
2122:Yoko Ono
2071:Rag Baby
1958:—
1834:fragging
1790:Beheiren
1772:Archived
1701:theology
1585:and the
1452:and the
1124:magazine
1033:shot Lem
889:Helsinki
660:—
566:and the
486:against
462:veterans
454:feminist
53:Cold War
43:Part of
12536:Commons
12325:Impacts
12315:Đắk Sơn
12276:Weapons
11886:Outline
11813:Morocco
11736:Related
11380:Yippies
11015:Germany
10646:Symbols
10592:Museums
9997:Context
9983:Pigasus
9883:(judge)
9740:Related
9731:Yippies
9306:General
7680:May 20,
7488:May 17,
6951:3178619
6114:301–303
5530:p. 600.
5528:Vietnam
5423:p. 489.
5421:Vietnam
5401:Vietnam
4832:Gallery
4810:
4688:" and "
4648:Please
4151:at the
3972:Canada.
3885:Chicago
3549:to the
3522:Chicago
3506:Policy.
3437:in 1967
3293:to the
3227:at the
3021:in 1970
2721:Ed Koch
2445:Vietnam
2213:Hippies
2181:in 1968
2093:" and "
1947:in 1965
1872:Quakers
1486:Artists
1392:of the
1133:truancy
843:member
781:Quakers
754:History
745:author
736:versus
539:in 1967
458:Chicano
103:End of
12311:My Lai
12073:Events
11773:Hippie
11566:Events
11365:Rocker
11355:Hippie
11020:Israel
11005:Canada
10744:Die-in
10694:Bed-in
10441:Hippie
10371:Ahimsa
9508:Bed-in
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3737:, and
3708:napalm
3460:hippie
3225:sit-in
3188:effigy
2941:1969.
2821:Gallup
2670:ad hoc
2523:Angola
2193:, and
2009:, and
1815:stigma
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1686:Clergy
1625:racism
1502:, and
1400:. The
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1294:medals
1037:Saigon
1023:, was
1005:; and
830:Quaker
764:Saigon
665:, 1967
581:, the
456:, and
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12493:SEATO
12448:Songs
12443:Games
11315:Media
11040:Sudan
11035:Spain
11025:Japan
10641:Songs
10626:Plays
10542:Films
10522:Books
10481:Peace
10340:Unity
10067:Media
9428:photo
9370:1965
7246:(PDF)
7235:(PDF)
7160:JSTOR
6947:JSTOR
6690:JSTOR
6666:p. 49
5225:Notes
4548:WIN (
4421:with
4384:(AAA)
4185:News.
4066:doves
3591:" in
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3450:" in
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2592:Yemen
2551:2007
2536:1982
2521:1976
2458:1970
2443:1970
2404:1917
2389:1847
2374:1812
2254:Women
2025:song
1882:were
1821:" by
1665:Gidra
1660:Gidra
1653:Gidra
1614:Gidra
1606:gooks
788:draft
531:Anti-
97:Goals
12438:Film
12293:Rape
12231:1975
12222:1974
12213:1973
12199:1972
12186:1971
12177:1970
12159:1968
12150:1966
12131:1965
12108:1964
12094:1963
12080:1962
11922:ARVN
11127:Arts
10179:and
9583:1971
9537:1970
9494:1969
9454:1968
9391:1967
9127:ISBN
9098:ISBN
9012:ISBN
8998:ISBN
8984:ISBN
8963:ISBN
8913:ISBN
8892:2017
8802:2012
8714:help
8593:ISBN
8512:2013
8438:2007
8414:2011
8386:ISBN
8104:2010
8071:2016
8037:ISBN
8009:2011
7877:2016
7839:help
7815:2016
7753:2011
7716:2011
7682:2010
7652:2011
7640:"IV"
7620:ISBN
7562:ISBN
7535:ISBN
7490:2023
7364:ISBN
7332:2017
7306:2017
7280:2017
7254:2017
7217:2017
7189:2018
7123:ISBN
7064:help
7045:2024
6987:2024
6939:ISSN
6895:help
6876:help
6836:ISBN
6753:2017
6719:2017
6513:2015
6444:2020
6394:2020
6320:2017
6295:2017
6284:ISSN
6249:2024
5920:ISBN
5862:ISBN
5837:ISBN
5798:ISBN
5773:ISBN
5748:ISBN
5723:ISBN
5701:2019
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5496:2022
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5356:ISBN
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4576:and
4507:SNCC
4448:and
4250:KMEX
4240:and
4073:1970
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3932:Lund
3922:1969
3785:1968
3756:and
3680:WSP.
3659:LAPD
3648:and
3535:here
3371:1967
3276:1966
3141:, a
3132:1965
3081:1964
3047:The
2819:The
2804:and
2553:Iraq
2509:1974
2497:1973
2136:and
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1886:and
1853:ROTC
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939:Life
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636:and
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12307:Huế
12171:Hue
11908:PRG
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10517:Art
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