294:) compensation; constant intensity with increasing signal power means to have an exponential rising cross section. This can be done by means of lenses, which also refocus the beams to have the beam waist in the crystal; reduction of OPG by increasing the pump power proportional to the signal and splitting the pump across the passes of the signal; broadband amplification by dumping the idler and optionally individually detuning the crystals; complete pump depletion by offsetting the pump and signal in time and space at every pass and feeding one pump pulse through all passes; high gain with BBO, since BBO is only available in small dimensions. Since the direction of the beams is fixed, multiple passes cannot be overlapped into a single small crystal like in a Ti:Sa amplifier. Unless one uses noncolinear geometry and adjusts amplified beams onto the parametric fluorescence cone produced by the pump pulse.
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makes possible any gain at all (0th order). In a collinear setup, the freedom to choose the center wavelength allows a constant gain up to first order in wavelength. Noncollinear OPAs were developed to have an additional degree of freedom, allowing constant gain up to second order in wavelength.
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of an incident laser pulse (pump) is, by a nonlinear optical crystal, divided into two lower-energy photons. The wavelengths of the signal and the idler are determined by the phase matching condition, which is changed, e.g. by temperature or, in bulk optics, by the angle between the incident pump
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The optical parametric amplifier has a wider bandwidth than a -amplifier, which in turn has a wider bandwidth than an optical parametric oscillator because of white-light generation even one octave wide (for example using nonlinear self-phase modulation in neon gas). Therefore, a subband can be
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The idea of parametric amplification first arose at much lower frequencies: AC circuits, including radio frequency and microwave frequency (in the earliest investigations, sound waves were also studied). In these applications, typically a strong pump signal (or "local oscillator") at frequency
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Photon picture of optical parametric amplification: A pump photon excites a virtual energy level whose decay is stimulated by a signal photon resulting in the emission of an identical second signal photon and an idler photon under conversion of energy and
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that a compressor is needed anyway. An extreme chirp can lengthen a 20-fs seed pulse to 50 ps, making it suitable for use as the pump. Unchirped 50-ps pulses with high energy can be generated from rare earth-based lasers.
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The output beams in optical parametric generation are usually relatively weak and have relatively spread-out direction and frequency. This problem is solved by using optical parametric amplification (OPA), also called
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Boichenko, V.L.; Zasavitskii, I.I.; Kosichkin, Yu.V.; Tarasevich, A.P.; Tunkin, V.G.; Shotov, A.P. (1984) "A picosecond optical parametric oscillator with amplification of the tunable semiconductor laser radiation",
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Magnitskii, S.A.; Malakhova, V.I.; Tarasevich, A.P.; Tunkin, V.G.; Yakubovich, S.D. (1986) "Generation of bandwidth-limited tunable picosecond pulses by injection-locked optical parametric oscillator",
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The optical case uses the same basic principle—transferring energy from a wave at the pump frequency to waves at the signal and idler frequencies—so it took the same name.
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Typical view of beam output from the optical parametric amplifiers which contains a broadband of frequencies with one selected frequency standing-out from the others.
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laser ray and the optical axes of the crystal. The wavelengths of the signal and the idler photons can, therefore, be tuned by changing the
449:"Reaching white-light radiation source of ultrafast laser pulses with tunable peak power using nonlinear self-phase modulation in neon gas"
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Because the wavelengths of an OPG+OPA system can be varied (unlike most lasers which have a fixed wavelength), they are used in many
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Jarota, Arkadiusz; Pastorczak, Ewa; Tawfik, Walid; Xue, Bing; Kania, Rafał; Abramczyk, Halina; Kobayashi, Takayoshi (2019).
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must be used in situations requiring large gain amplification in long crystals. Long crystals introduce such a large
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passes through a circuit element whose parameters are modulated by the weak "signal" wave at frequency
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In the OPA, the pump and idler photons usually travel collinearly through a nonlinear optical crystal.
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As an example of OPA, the incident pump pulse is the 800 nm (12500 cm) output of a
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allows for higher overall gain. Interlacing compressors and OPA leads to tilted pulses.
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Optical parametric generation (OPG) (also called "optical parametric fluorescence", or "
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The higher gain per mm for BBO compared to Ti:Sa and, more importantly, lower
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selected and fairly short pulses can still be generated.
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The optimal parameters are 4 degrees of noncollinearity,
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Relationship to parametric amplifiers in electronics
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480:Multipass bow type chirped pulse amplifier
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204:is required for the process to work well.
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286:Multipass can be used for walk off and
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136:Optical parametric amplification (OPA)
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230:Because most nonlinear crystals are
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18:Optical parametric amplification
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346:amplifier is used because the
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567:Electronic amplifiers
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209:spectroscopic methods
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304:Parametric amplifier
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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