90:
3202:
2726:
2736:
2746:
40:
1226:
385:
Firewall, TLS 1.3 Support, Integration with Azure Active
Directory OAuth2, True Cache for mid-tier caching, Readable Per-PDB Standby, Globally Distributed Database with active-active RAFT-based replication, Real-time SQL Plan Management, Priority Transactions, SQL Syntax Simplification, Schema Annotations, Data Use Case Domains, Column Value Lock-free Reservations
1076:
Starting with Oracle
Database 18c, Oracle Corporation releases Release Updates (RUs) and Release Update Revisions (RURs). RUs usually contain security, regression (bug), optimizer, and functional fixes which may include feature extensions as well. RURs include all fixes from their corresponding RU
384:
AI Vector Search (includes new Vector data type, Vector indexes, and Vector SQL operators/functions), JSON Relational
Duality, JSON Schema Validation, Transactional Microservices Support, OKafka, Operational Property Graphs, Support for SQL/PGQ, Schema Privileges, Developer Role, In-database SQL
275:
Oracle products follow a custom release-numbering and -naming convention. The "ai" in the current release, Oracle
Database 23ai, stands for "Artificial Intelligence". Previous releases (e.g. Oracle Database 19c, 10g, and Oracle9i Database) have used suffixes of "c", "g", and "i" which stand for
1072:
Prior to Oracle
Database 18c, Oracle Corporation released Critical Patch Updates (CPUs) and Security Patch Updates (SPUs) and Security Alerts to close security vulnerabilities. These releases are issued quarterly; some of these releases have updates issued prior to the next quarterly release.
407:
Blockchain Tables, Multilingual Engine - JavaScript
Execution in the Database, Binary JSON Data Type, Per-PDB Data Guard Physical Standby (aka Multitenant Data Guard), Per-PDB GoldenGate Change Capture, Self-Managing In-Memory, In-Memory Hybrid Columnar Scan, In-Memory Vector Joins with SIMD,
432:
Active Data Guard DML Redirection, Automatic Index
Creation, Real-Time Statistics Maintenance, SQL Queries on Object Stores, In-Memory for IoT Data Streams, Hybrid Partitioned Tables, Automatic SQL Plan Management, SQL Quarantine, Zero-Downtime Grid Infrastructure Patching, Finer-Granularity
375:
On May 2, 2024, Oracle
Database 23ai was released on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) as cloud services, including OCI Exadata Database Service, OCI Exadata Database Cloud@Customer, and OCI Base Database Service. It is also available in Always Free Autonomous Database. Oracle Database 23c
1776:
2186:
458:
Polymorphic Table
Functions, Active Directory Integration, Transparent Application Continuity, Approximate Top-N Query Processing, PDB Snapshot Carousel, Online Merging of Partitions and Subpartitions
376:(previously released in 2023) was renamed to Oracle Database 23ai (23.4) due to the significant additional engineering effort to add features that bring AI capabilities to the data in Oracle Database.
276:"Cloud", "Grid", and "Internet" respectively. Prior to the release of Oracle8i Database, no suffixes featured in Oracle Database naming conventions. There was no v1 of Oracle Database, as co-founder
1354:
1467:
1784:
1052:
1129:
platforms. However, since they share many of the same customers, Oracle and IBM tend to support each other's products in many middleware and application categories (for example:
1244:
378:
Oracle
Database 23c (23.2 and 23.3) was released in 2023: April 2023 (Linux) Oracle Database Free - Developer Release September 2023 Oracle Database on Base Database Service
3256:
1616:
2044:
2174:
You should not get confused between Critical Patch Update (CPU) and Security Patch Update (SPU) as CPU terminology has been changed to SPU from October 2012.
2810:
2336:
1591:
1239:
1749:
1125:. Oracle and IBM tend to battle for the mid-range database market on Unix and Linux platforms, while Microsoft dominates the mid-range database market on
1727:
1347:
3236:
1457:
2855:
408:
Sharding Advisor Tool, Property Graph Visualization Studio, Automatic Materialized Views, Automatic Zone Maps, SQL Macros, Gradual Password Rollover
255:, started a consultancy called Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name
3246:
2319:
3241:
2805:
2331:
1254:
610:
Real Application Testing, Database Vault, Online Indexing, Advanced Compression, Data Guard Fast-Start Failover, Transparent Data Encryption
1089:
report claimed to show Oracle holding #1 RDBMS market share worldwide based on the revenue share ahead of its four closest competitors –
280:"knew no one would want to buy version 1". For some database releases, Oracle also provides an Express Edition (XE) that is free to use.
1434:
2923:
1400:
Roeser, Mary Beth; Adams, Drew; Ashdown, Lance; Baby, Thomas; Baer, Hermann; Baskan, Yasin; Bayliss, Nigel; Chen, Shuo; Belden, Eric.
1401:
2095:
1866:
1566:
1288:
1806:
1836:
2161:
3226:
2729:
614:
588:
556:
527:
493:
462:
636:
Automated Database Management, Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor, Grid infrastructure, Oracle ASM, Flashback Database
2402:
2291:
1167:
In the cloud, Oracle Database competes against the database services of AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.
640:
1693:
549:
Edition-Based Redefinition, Data Redaction, Hybrid Columnar Compression, Cluster File System, Golden Gate Replication,
1303:
2155:
2128:
1144:), and IBM's hardware divisions work closely with Oracle on performance-optimizing server-technologies (for example,
1667:
2782:
2036:
1141:
131:
1060:
2749:
2455:
1269:
17:
3266:
3145:
2869:
2706:
2353:
1719:
1055:
includes a brief history on some of the key innovations introduced with each major release of Oracle Database.
702:
673:
3261:
2645:
1516:
213:(DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providers
206:
1077:
but only add new security and regression fixes. However, no new optimizer or functional fixes are included.
3187:
1641:
1259:
2640:
1379:
1329:
221:, or as a hybrid cloud installation. It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware (
3205:
2995:
2671:
2390:
1807:"Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle Database 12c, the First Database Designed for the Cloud"
260:
81:
3033:
2594:
2584:
2360:
1249:
195:
3251:
3171:
2830:
2681:
2414:
1210:, owner of MySQL, in 2010. Database products licensed as open-source are, by the legal terms of the
1117:
In the market for relational databases, Oracle Database competes against commercial products such as
828:
PL/SQL stored procedures, Triggers, Distributed 2-phase commit, Shared Cursors, Cost-Based Optimizer
550:
3231:
3059:
2263:
2066:
725:
120:
89:
3043:
2630:
2284:
895:
662:
3074:
2711:
2666:
2343:
1211:
1897:
1489:
2908:
2686:
2440:
2118:
2008:
1426:
489:
Native Sharding, Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance, Exadata Cloud Service, Cloud at Customer
437:
412:
389:
1980:
1952:
1925:
1750:"Oracle Database 18c : Now available on the Oracle Cloud and Oracle Engineered Systems"
3038:
2775:
2739:
2676:
2558:
2528:
2397:
2348:
1264:
1171:
1122:
996:
899:
516:
214:
192:
148:
136:
1617:"Oracle Announces General Availability of JSON Relational Duality in Oracle Database 23ai"
866:
Row-level locking, scalability / performance, online backup and recovery, B*Tree indexes,
731:
8:
2696:
2589:
2574:
2501:
2326:
980:
949:
2187:"Patch Delivery Methods for Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2.0.1) and Later Versions"
2888:
2791:
2691:
2635:
2604:
2553:
2445:
2385:
2277:
2087:
1494:
1307:
666:
199:
52:
3084:
2840:
2511:
2365:
2151:
2124:
1874:
1126:
988:
578:
116:
1281:
832:
790:
771:
751:
3139:
3079:
3069:
3064:
2878:
2835:
2701:
2548:
2538:
2506:
1814:
1592:"Oracle Announces General Availability of AI Vector Search in Oracle Database 23ai"
1462:
1231:
1207:
964:
934:
910:
878:
850:
363:
143:
1844:
1109:
Magic Quadrant report named Oracle a leader in Cloud Database Management Systems.
3166:
2768:
2609:
2579:
2533:
2314:
2145:
813:
218:
3161:
3135:
3110:
2893:
2815:
2661:
2599:
2543:
2516:
2409:
2370:
2236:
1145:
1138:
582:
222:
210:
2269:
3220:
2825:
2480:
2465:
871:
277:
244:
3105:
3023:
2913:
2072:
1206:, in part to compete better against open source alternatives, and acquired
226:
2964:
2898:
2470:
2450:
2013:
1867:"Oracle Announces General Availability of Oracle® Database 10g Release 2"
953:
956:. Re-written in C for portability to other operating systems, including
3018:
2974:
2903:
2883:
2820:
2614:
2523:
2485:
2460:
1541:
1175:
1134:
1064:
for the current Oracle Database releases and their patching end dates.
806:
695:
47:
2210:
3089:
2850:
2845:
2760:
1985:
1957:
1902:
1183:
1130:
1090:
870:
executed from compiled programs (C etc). First version available for
248:
3126:
3028:
2969:
2928:
2918:
2475:
2430:
2300:
1195:
1191:
1161:
1149:
1102:
747:
Recovery Manager, Partitioning. First version available for Linux.
252:
159:
1214:, free to distribute and free of royalty or other licensing fees.
2979:
1179:
1118:
1106:
1086:
786:
Shared Server, XA Transactions, Transparent Application Failover
263:-funded project Ellison had worked on while formerly employed by
2208:
Heudecker, Nick; Feinberg, Donald; Adrian, Merv (25 July 2017).
1981:"DOS Version of Professional Oracle 5.1B Adds SQL Report Writer"
283:
Oracle Database release numbering has used the following codes:
3000:
2959:
2933:
2380:
1199:
1157:
1153:
1152:(in data warehousing and business intelligence), Software AG's
1098:
1061:
Release Schedule of Current Database Releases (Doc ID 742060.1)
992:
927:
867:
39:
3131:
2954:
2375:
1203:
1187:
264:
124:
2435:
1245:
Comparison of object–relational database management systems
1170:
Increasingly, the Oracle database products compete against
957:
926:
Multiversion read consistency. First version available for
903:
520:
3010:
1035:
316:
1289:"Oracle Database 23c: The Next Long Term Support Release"
1094:
1023:
1018:
1000:
304:
299:
233:
1458:"Larry Ellison Is A Billionaire Today Thanks to the CIA"
1348:"Multimodel Database with Oracle Database 12c Release 2"
2207:
2147:
Oracle Data Guard 11gR2 Administration Beginner's Guide
1517:"Announcing Oracle Database 23ai: General Availability"
1174:
relational and non-relational database systems such as
2237:"Magic Quadrant for Cloud Database Management Systems"
2085:
1694:"Oracle Database 19c Now Available on Oracle Exadata"
1240:
Comparison of relational database management systems
1221:
1067:
805:
Parallel SQL Execution. First version available for
1777:"Oracle Database 18c Now Available For On-Premises"
2209:
1567:"Oracle Database 23c on OCI Base Database Service"
1399:
3257:Relational database management software for Linux
1837:"Oracle® Database 11g Release 2 is Now Available"
3218:
2299:
523:, SQL Pattern Matching, Database Cloud Service
433:Supplemental Logging, Automated PDB Relocation
2079:
2037:"Back to the future (Oracle 4.1 VM appliance)"
2009:"PC Relational Database? New Answer is Oracle"
1542:"Oracle Database 23c Free - Developer Release"
1255:List of relational database management systems
2776:
2285:
1028:
309:
2211:"State of the Operational DBMS Market, 2017"
1720:"Oracle Database 19c Now Available on Linux"
1668:"Oracle Database 21c Now Available On Linux"
1950:
247:and his two friends and former co-workers,
205:It is a database commonly used for running
2783:
2769:
2292:
2278:
2116:
1455:
88:
38:
3237:Client-server database management systems
2143:
1301:
1148:). Niche commercial competitors include
1040:
321:
270:
3247:Proprietary database management systems
2264:Overview provided by Oracle Corporation
2034:
2006:
1304:"The Programming Languages Beacon, v16"
14:
3242:Relational database management systems
3219:
2790:
2098:from the original on 30 September 2019
1926:"Oracle users ponder product overload"
1717:
1665:
983:. Basic SQL queries, simple joins and
696:Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC)
27:Proprietary database management system
2764:
2273:
2164:from the original on 23 November 2016
1895:
1774:
1691:
1666:Hardie, William (23 September 2021).
236:for database updating and retrieval.
2068:Data Processing Digest Volumes 29-30
1978:
1923:
1470:from the original on 16 January 2017
724:Native internet protocols and Java,
515:Multitenant architecture, In-Memory
2745:
2007:Webster, Robin (13 November 1984).
1692:Giles, Dominic (13 February 2019).
1490:"Free Oracle Database for Everyone"
1437:from the original on 25 August 2016
1003:/VMS in PDP-11 compatibility mode.
24:
2092:Virtual Exhibitions in Informatics
1951:O'Brien, Timothy (29 April 1991).
1843:. 1 September 2009. Archived from
1360:from the original on 14 April 2017
1080:
966:Old version, no longer maintained:
936:Old version, no longer maintained:
912:Old version, no longer maintained:
880:Old version, no longer maintained:
852:Old version, no longer maintained:
834:Old version, no longer maintained:
815:Old version, no longer maintained:
792:Old version, no longer maintained:
773:Old version, no longer maintained:
753:Old version, no longer maintained:
733:Old version, no longer maintained:
704:Old version, no longer maintained:
675:Old version, no longer maintained:
642:Old version, no longer maintained:
616:Old version, no longer maintained:
590:Old version, no longer maintained:
558:Old version, no longer maintained:
529:Old version, no longer maintained:
495:Old version, no longer maintained:
464:Old version, no longer maintained:
439:Old version, no longer maintained:
414:Old version, yet still maintained:
391:Old version, yet still maintained:
25:
3278:
2257:
1730:from the original on 5 April 2024
1718:Hardie, William (25 April 2019).
1068:Patch updates and security alerts
1058:See My Oracle Support (MOS) note
979:First commercially available SQL
3201:
3200:
2744:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2047:from the original on 1 July 2019
1953:"Oracle8 on Linux shows promise"
1898:"Oracle8 on Linux shows promise"
1896:Biggs, Maggie (5 October 1998).
1456:Julie Bort (29 September 2014).
1302:Lextrait, Vincent (March 2016).
1224:
2735:
2229:
2201:
2179:
2137:
2110:
2059:
2035:Gralike, Marco (4 April 2006).
2028:
2000:
1979:Mace, Scott (30 January 1989).
1972:
1944:
1917:
1889:
1859:
1829:
1799:
1775:Zagar, Adriana (23 July 2018).
1768:
1742:
1711:
1685:
1659:
1634:
1609:
1584:
1559:
1534:
1509:
1270:Oracle Real Application Testing
1053:Introduction to Oracle Database
447:February 2018 (cloud, Exadata)
2123:. Firewall Media. p. 12.
2120:Introduction to SQL and PL/SQL
1873:. 11 July 2005. Archived from
1482:
1449:
1419:
1393:
1372:
1340:
1322:
1295:
1112:
902:. First version available for
259:comes from the code-name of a
13:
1:
1813:. 1 July 2013. Archived from
1275:
1024:Old version, still maintained
305:Old version, still maintained
207:online transaction processing
3188:Oracle Certification Program
2094:. University of Klagenfurt.
2086:Departments of Informatics.
1924:Nash, Kim (3 October 1994).
1260:List of databases using MVCC
1194:and others. Oracle acquired
900:distributed database systems
7:
3227:Database management systems
2301:Database management systems
2117:Maheshwari, Sharad (2007).
1217:
1019:Old version, not maintained
767:Object-relational database
669:, Streams, Logical Standby
300:Old version, not maintained
64:; 45 years ago
10:
3283:
2707:Object–relational database
1250:Database management system
239:
229:or at Cloud at Customer).
196:database management system
185:Oracle Autonomous Database
3196:
3181:Education and recognition
3180:
3154:
3119:
3098:
3052:
3009:
2988:
2942:
2867:
2798:
2720:
2682:Federated database system
2654:
2623:
2567:
2494:
2423:
2415:Blockchain-based database
2307:
1402:"Oracle and Standard SQL"
1007:
952:, data distribution, and
906:. Correlated sub-queries
480:March 2017 (on-premises)
288:
198:produced and marketed by
179:(commonly referred to as
154:
142:
130:
112:
108:
80:
76:
58:
46:
37:
2150:. Packt Publishing Ltd.
726:Virtual Private Database
422:February 2019 (Exadata)
2144:Baransel, Emre (2013).
1754:Oracle Database Insider
1724:Oracle Database Insider
1698:Oracle Database Insider
1672:Oracle Database Insider
896:client/server computing
846:Oracle Parallel Server
365:Current stable version:
95:; 12 months ago
2712:Transaction processing
2667:Database normalization
2610:Query rewriting system
2073:Data Processing Digest
1427:"Welcome to Larryland"
1330:"OTN Standard License"
1212:Open Source Definition
1036:Latest preview version
399:December 2020 (cloud)
317:Latest preview version
93:/ 19 September 2023
3267:Oracle Cloud Services
2989:Programming languages
2687:Referential integrity
1642:"Oracle Database 21c"
1164:, among many others.
271:Releases and versions
232:Oracle Database uses
3262:Cloud infrastructure
2831:HĂ©ctor GarcĂa-Molina
2677:Distributed database
1265:Oracle SQL Developer
1172:open-source software
1123:Microsoft SQL Server
999:. Ran on PDP-11 and
478:August 2016 (cloud)
441:Oracle Database 18c
416:Oracle Database 19c
401:August 2021 (Linux)
393:Oracle Database 21c
368:Oracle Database 23ai
137:Multi-model database
3155:Computer appliances
2799:Corporate directors
2697:Relational calculus
2575:Concurrency control
1817:on 9 September 2013
995:to run in 128KB of
987:joins. Written in
950:Concurrency control
648:Database Release 2
444:18.1.0 // 12.2.0.2
424:April 2019 (Linux)
419:19.1.0 // 12.2.0.3
191:) is a proprietary
34:
3172:Big Data Appliance
2811:H. Raymond Bingham
2792:Oracle Corporation
2692:Relational algebra
2636:Query optimization
2441:Armstrong's axioms
2075:. 1983. p. 2.
1756:. 16 February 2018
1646:Oracle Help Center
1621:Oracle Corporation
1596:Oracle Corporation
1571:Oracle Corporation
1546:Oracle Corporation
1521:Oracle Corporation
1406:Oracle Help Center
1198:, supplier of the
872:Novell Netware 386
618:Oracle Database 10
592:Oracle Database 10
560:Oracle Database 11
551:Database Appliance
531:Oracle Database 11
497:Oracle Database 12
466:Oracle Database 12
449:July 2018 (other)
426:June 2019 (cloud)
200:Oracle Corporation
53:Oracle Corporation
32:
3214:
3213:
3120:Computer hardware
3099:Operating systems
3060:Fusion Middleware
2860:Naomi O. Seligman
2841:Jeffrey O. Henley
2758:
2757:
2366:Wide-column store
2361:Document-oriented
2189:. Docs.oracle.com
1387:Technical network
1334:Technical network
1127:Microsoft Windows
1049:
1048:
1045:
989:assembly language
735:Oracle8 Database
579:Active Data Guard
326:
174:
173:
117:Assembly language
100:19 September 2023
16:(Redirected from
3274:
3252:Database engines
3204:
3203:
3044:Developer Studio
3012:
2836:Joseph Grundfest
2785:
2778:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2748:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2702:Relational model
2672:Database storage
2549:Stored procedure
2294:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1932:. IDG Enterprise
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1787:on 8 August 2020
1783:. Archived from
1781:Oracle Community
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1463:Business Insider
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1306:. Archived from
1299:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1234:
1232:Companies portal
1229:
1228:
1227:
1208:Sun Microsystems
1042:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1008:
986:
967:
937:
913:
885:5.0.22 (5.1.17)
881:
853:
835:
816:
793:
774:
754:
734:
705:
698:, Oracle XML DB
676:
663:Advanced Queuing
643:
617:
591:
581:, Secure Files,
559:
530:
496:
465:
440:
415:
392:
366:
323:
318:
313:
306:
301:
296:
289:
286:
285:
225:on-premises, on
211:data warehousing
170:
167:
165:
163:
161:
103:
101:
96:
92:
72:
70:
65:
42:
35:
31:
21:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3232:Oracle Database
3217:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3192:
3176:
3167:Oracle Exalogic
3150:
3115:
3094:
3075:WebLogic Server
3048:
3005:
2984:
2950:Oracle Database
2938:
2863:
2856:Donald L. Lucas
2794:
2789:
2759:
2754:
2716:
2662:Database models
2650:
2619:
2605:Query optimizer
2580:Data dictionary
2563:
2534:Transaction log
2490:
2446:Codd's 12 rules
2419:
2349:Column-oriented
2315:Object-oriented
2303:
2298:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2167:
2165:
2158:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2084:
2080:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1877:on 5 April 2018
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1847:on 5 April 2018
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1805:
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1800:
1790:
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1773:
1769:
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1748:
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1523:
1515:
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1487:
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1473:
1471:
1454:
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1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1398:
1394:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1115:
1083:
1081:Market position
1070:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
984:
965:
935:
911:
879:
851:
833:
814:
791:
772:
752:
732:
720:
703:
691:
674:
658:
641:
632:
615:
606:
589:
575:September 2008
574:
570:September 2007
557:
545:
541:September 2009
528:
511:
494:
485:
474:
463:
454:
438:
425:
413:
390:
364:
358:
353:
348:
346:
341:
339:
334:
332:
325:
324:
319:
314:
307:
302:
297:
292:
273:
242:
187:, or simply as
177:Oracle Database
158:
104:
99:
97:
94:
68:
66:
63:
59:Initial release
33:Oracle Database
28:
23:
22:
18:Oracle database
15:
12:
11:
5:
3280:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3162:Oracle Exadata
3158:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3111:Oracle Solaris
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2868:Acquisitions (
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:Michael Boskin
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2655:Related topics
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:Administration
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Query language
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2258:External links
2256:
2254:
2253:
2228:
2200:
2178:
2156:
2136:
2129:
2109:
2078:
2058:
2027:
1999:
1971:
1943:
1916:
1888:
1858:
1828:
1798:
1767:
1741:
1710:
1684:
1658:
1633:
1608:
1583:
1558:
1533:
1508:
1481:
1448:
1418:
1392:
1371:
1339:
1321:
1310:on 30 May 2012
1294:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1219:
1216:
1146:Linux on IBM Z
1139:Siebel Systems
1114:
1111:
1082:
1079:
1069:
1066:
1047:
1046:
1041:Future release
1039:
1034:
1030:Latest version
1027:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
977:
975:
972:
969:
962:
961:
947:
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924:
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803:
801:
798:
795:
788:
787:
784:
782:
779:
776:
769:
768:
765:
762:
761:February 1996
759:
756:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
729:
728:
722:
717:
714:
711:
700:
699:
693:
692:December 2003
688:
685:
682:
671:
670:
660:
655:
652:
649:
638:
637:
634:
633:February 2006
629:
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387:
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382:
380:
373:
370:
361:
360:
355:
350:
343:
336:
328:
327:
322:Future release
320:
315:
311:Latest version
308:
303:
298:
291:
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272:
269:
241:
238:
172:
171:
156:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
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128:
127:
114:
110:
109:
106:
105:
86:
84:
82:Stable release
78:
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73:
60:
56:
55:
50:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
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3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:SQL Developer
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2999:
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2927:
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2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:Larry Ellison
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2751:
2743:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
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2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:Surrogate key
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Candidate key
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
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2265:
2262:
2261:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2188:
2182:
2175:
2163:
2159:
2157:9781849687911
2153:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2130:9788131800386
2126:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1931:
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1920:
1905:
1904:
1899:
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518:
514:
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492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
472:
469:
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457:
455:January 2022
452:
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278:Larry Ellison
268:
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245:Larry Ellison
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85:
83:
79:
75:
61:
57:
54:
51:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
3106:Oracle Linux
2949:
2914:Virtual Iron
2851:Jack F. Kemp
2806:Jeffrey Berg
2244:. Retrieved
2240:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2215:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2181:
2173:
2166:. Retrieved
2146:
2139:
2119:
2112:
2102:30 September
2100:. Retrieved
2091:
2081:
2067:
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2040:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2012:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1984:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1956:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1929:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1875:the original
1870:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:the original
1840:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:the original
1810:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:the original
1780:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1753:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1723:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1645:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1576:19 September
1574:. Retrieved
1570:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1545:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
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2750:WikiProject
2641:Replication
2529:Transaction
2471:Foreign key
2451:CAP theorem
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2088:"Oracle V2"
2014:PC Magazine
1992:7 September
1964:7 September
1909:7 September
1821:9 September
1677:17 December
1501:19 February
1441:19 December
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755:Oracle 7.3
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607:April 2010
486:March 2017
475:March 2017
215:on-premises
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2904:JD Edwards
2884:PeopleSoft
2821:Safra Catz
2615:Query plan
2568:Components
2486:Unique key
2403:comparison
2337:comparison
2327:Relational
2320:comparison
2168:15 January
1791:16 January
1651:9 December
1474:13 January
1353:. Oracle.
1276:References
1176:PostgreSQL
1135:PeopleSoft
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938:Oracle v3
914:Oracle v4
882:Oracle v5
854:Oracle v6
823:June 1992
807:Windows NT
741:June 1997
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2943:Databases
2846:Mark Hurd
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2344:Key–value
1986:InfoWorld
1958:InfoWorld
1930:Infoworld
1903:InfoWorld
1380:"Exadata"
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800:May 1994
781:May 1995
710:Database
681:Database
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599:10.2.0.1
567:11.1.0.6
538:11.2.0.1
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352:Terminal
333:Database
249:Bob Miner
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1728:Archived
1703:27 April
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1435:Archived
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1626:2 May
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981:RDBMS
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