106:
solar photovoltaic cells which powered the spacecraft. The critical bearing between the Wheel and the Sail was a major feature of the design, as it had to operate smoothly for months in the hard vacuum of space without normal lubrication. It also carried both the power from the Sail and the data from the pointed solar instruments to the Wheel, where most of the spacecraft functions were located. Additional science instruments could also be located in the Wheel, generally looking out on a rotating radius vector which scanned the sky, and also across the Sun, every few seconds.
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38:
132:, and although the third stage managed to separate itself, it suffered from an 18% drop in thrust. The OSO spacecraft could not attain orbital velocity and instead fell back into the atmosphere and burned up. The failure was suspected to have been caused by a modification to the igniter mechanism in the third stage after some minor technical difficulties experienced on the previous Delta C launch (TIROS 10 on 2 Jul).
30:
320:) program was developed in the mid 1960s as a more advanced version of the OSO series. Conceived as a polar-orbiting satellite system, these spacecraft would continuously monitor the Sun and surrounding environment with detectors and electronic imaging ranging from x-rays to visual light. Due to budget constraints, the AOSO program was cancelled in 1965. Instead, it was replaced by the OSO-I,
22:
127:
never made it to orbit. Liftoff took place on 25 August 1965 and all went well through the second stage burn. During the coasting phase prior to third stage separation, its rocket motor ignited prematurely. This registered on ground readouts as an attitude disturbance followed by loss of second stage
105:
The basic design of the entire series featured a rotating section, the "Wheel", to provide gyroscopic stability. A second section, the "Sail", was driven electrically against the Wheel's rotation, and stabilized to point at the Sun. The Sail carried pointed solar instruments, and also the array of
120:
booster when a technician accidentally ignited the booster through static electricity. The third-stage motor activated, launched itself and the satellite into the roof, and ricocheted into a corner of the facility until burning out. Three technicians were burned to death. The satellite, although
121:
damaged, was able to be repaired using a combination of prototype parts, spare flight parts and new components. It was launched ten months later on 3 February 1965 and was designated OSO 2 on orbit.
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suffered an incident during integration and checkout activities on 14 April 1964. The satellite was inside the Spin Test
Facility at
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647:. Vol. 43, no. 12, 217. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 24 January 1969. p. 7
859:
785:. Vol. 47, no. 13, 243. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 2 October 1972. p. 4
61:, though they also included important non-solar experiments. Eight were launched successfully into
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539:. Vol. 41, no. 11, 627. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 3 March 1967. p. 4
910:
94:
331:
Another satellite using the
Orbiting Solar Observatory platform was developed and launched: the
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1088:
277:
272:
Observed solar flares in the gamma ray spectrum. Collected data allowed for identification of
1261:
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1127:
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414:(Report). NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center. October 1966. N67-40193; TM X-55988.
8:
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397:(Report). NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center. April 1966. N67-11368; TM X-55590.
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A Delta rocket launching OSO 8 on 21 June 1975, at Cape
Canaveral, Florida
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195:
78:
902:
37:
372:
From Jars to the Stars: How Ball Came to Build a Comet-Hunting
Machine
335:-satellite. It was launched February 24, 1979. It was operated by the
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93:. OSO 8 was built by Hughes Space and Communications Company, in
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satellites. Only OSO-I, which became OSO 8, was ever launched.
339:
Space Test
Program. It was destroyed September 13, 1985 on an
89:, then known as Ball Brothers Research Corporation (BBRC), in
29:
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Observed three instances of hard X-ray coincidences with
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21:
85:spectra. The initial seven (OSO 1–7) were built by
73:. Their primary mission was to observe an 11-year
353:Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
1502:
53:) Program was the name of a series of American
797:
714:
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409:Delta Vehicle Flight Failure Report, Launch 33
918:
551:
468:
443:
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392:History of Orbiting Solar Observatory, OSO-2
384:
364:
16:Series of American solar space observatories
822:
739:
684:
601:
925:
911:
793:– via National Library of Australia.
655:– via National Library of Australia.
547:– via National Library of Australia.
493:
932:
747:"The Seventh Orbiting Solar Observatory"
36:
28:
20:
830:"The Eighth Orbiting Solar Observatory"
1503:
692:"The Sixth Orbiting Solar Observatory"
609:"The Fifth Orbiting Solar Observatory"
501:"The Third Orbiting Solar Observatory"
198:from the Sun, as well as a flare from
906:
864:NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details
314:Advanced Orbiting Solar Observatory
116:attached to the third stage of its
13:
1305:Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer
1036:Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
892:National Space Science Data Center
33:Orbiting Solar Observatory diagram
14:
1532:
881:
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57:primarily intended to study the
852:
769:
631:
899:at NASA's Imagine the Universe
523:
1:
945:List of heliophysics missions
381:Denver, CO.: Earthview Media.
358:
834:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
751:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
696:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
613:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
505:NASA's Imagine the Universe!
228:Measured diffuse background
69:between 1962 and 1975 using
7:
346:
232:radiation from 14-200
10:
1537:
1171:Orbiting Solar Observatory
1136:Intercosmos 26 (Koronas I)
1044:Solar Dynamics Observatory
805:"Trajectory Details OSO 8"
722:"Trajectory Details OSO 7"
667:"Trajectory Details OSO 6"
584:"Trajectory Details OSO 5"
559:"Trajectory Details OSO 4"
476:"Trajectory Details OSO 3"
451:"Trajectory Details OSO 2"
426:"Trajectory Details OSO 1"
100:
47:Orbiting Solar Observatory
1521:Solar space observatories
1516:Satellites orbiting Earth
1480:
1454:
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1392:
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957:
940:
531:"WATCH TO BE KEPT ON SUN"
949:List of solar telescopes
888:OSO 1 experiments record
639:"Safeguard for spacemen"
95:Culver City, California
1089:Apollo Telescope Mount
836:. NASA. Archived from
753:. NASA. Archived from
698:. NASA. Archived from
615:. NASA. Archived from
507:. NASA. Archived from
278:High-mass X-ray binary
42:
34:
26:
1237:Pioneer 6, 7, 8 and 9
1094:Coronas F (Koronas F)
377:18 March 2018 at the
40:
32:
24:
934:Solar space missions
1511:1962 in spaceflight
757:on 19 February 2014
1128:Hinotori (Astro-A)
1028:Parker Solar Probe
782:The Canberra Times
644:The Canberra Times
536:The Canberra Times
43:
35:
27:
1498:
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370:Todd Neff (2010)
310:
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265:29 September 1971
91:Boulder, Colorado
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1488:
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1289:Yohkoh (Solar-A)
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1032:
1024:
1016:
1012:Hinode (Solar-B)
1008:
1000:
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989:
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969:
927:
920:
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840:on 17 April 2001
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702:on 17 April 2001
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619:on 17 April 2001
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511:on 17 April 2001
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222:22 January 1969
209:18 October 1967
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170:3 February 1965
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147:Notable results
135:
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55:space telescopes
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1529:
1527:
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1425:Solar Sentinels
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379:Wayback Machine
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343:-missile test.
264:
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167:OSO 2 (OSO B2)
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63:low Earth orbit
17:
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882:External links
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860:"Advanced OSO"
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304:galaxy cluster
294:Found an iron
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285:OSO 8 (OSO I)
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243:9 August 1969
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240:OSO 6 (OSO G)
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219:OSO 5 (OSO F)
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206:OSO 4 (OSO D)
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173:8 August 1989
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159:7 October 1981
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152:OSO 1 (OSO A)
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114:Cape Canaveral
102:
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87:Ball Aerospace
75:sun spot cycle
15:
9:
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1420:Solar Cruiser
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1345:Solar-C EUVST
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1272:Taiyo (SRATS)
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1156:Koronas-Foton
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1052:Solar Orbiter
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298:in the X-ray
297:
296:emission line
293:
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288:21 June 1975
287:
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268:
263:
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246:7 March 1981
245:
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225:2 April 1984
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212:14 June 1982
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191:4 April 1982
190:
188:8 March 1967
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155:7 March 1962
154:
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146:
144:Re-entry date
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119:
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98:
96:
92:
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84:
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72:
71:Delta rockets
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:(abbreviated
48:
39:
31:
23:
19:
1414:
1409:
1353:
1282:
1170:
1151:ICE / ISEE-3
1121:
1109:
1073:(since 1994)
1068:
1063:(since 2006)
1055:(since 2020)
1047:(since 2010)
1039:(since 1995)
1031:(since 2018)
1023:(since 2013)
1015:(since 2006)
1007:(since 2015)
999:(since 2021)
996:CHASE (Xihe)
991:(since 2022)
976:(since 2023)
968:(since 1997)
868:. Retrieved
863:
854:
842:. Retrieved
838:the original
833:
824:
812:. Retrieved
808:
799:
787:. Retrieved
780:
771:
759:. Retrieved
755:the original
750:
741:
729:. Retrieved
725:
716:
704:. Retrieved
700:the original
695:
686:
674:. Retrieved
670:
661:
649:. Retrieved
642:
633:
621:. Retrieved
617:the original
612:
603:
591:. Retrieved
587:
578:
566:. Retrieved
562:
553:
541:. Retrieved
534:
525:
513:. Retrieved
509:the original
504:
495:
483:. Retrieved
479:
470:
458:. Retrieved
454:
445:
433:. Retrieved
429:
420:
403:
386:
366:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
311:
291:8 July 1986
269:8 July 1974
200:Scorpius X-1
196:solar flares
124:
123:
109:
108:
104:
50:
46:
44:
18:
1267:Spartan 201
984: [
870:5 September
844:5 September
814:5 September
761:5 September
731:5 September
706:5 September
676:5 September
623:5 September
593:5 September
568:5 September
515:5 September
485:5 September
460:5 September
435:5 September
141:Launch Date
138:Designation
1505:Categories
777:"IN BRIEF"
359:References
1455:Sun-Earth
1441:Pioneer E
1405:Pioneer H
1393:Cancelled
1247:Prognoz 6
1232:Pioneer 5
973:Aditya-L1
251:gamma ray
194:Observed
130:telemetry
1490:Category
1472:ACRIMSAT
1384:Sundiver
1367:Proposed
1262:SolarMax
375:Archived
347:See also
300:spectrum
274:Vela X-1
261:(OSO H)
253:bursts.
184:(OSO E1)
1374:ADAHELI
1337:TRACERS
1329:SWFO-L1
1313:PROBA-3
1298:Planned
1283:Ulysses
1242:PROBA-2
1220:Solwind
1166:MinXSS2
1161:MinXSS1
1116:GOES 13
1110:Genesis
1104:ESRO 2B
958:Current
789:3 April
651:3 April
543:3 April
333:Solwind
118:Delta C
101:History
1358:(2031)
1348:(2028)
1340:(2025)
1332:(2025)
1324:(2025)
1316:(2024)
1308:(2024)
1252:RHESSI
1227:PICARD
1146:ISEE-2
1141:ISEE-1
1122:Helios
1099:EURECA
1060:STEREO
1004:DSCOVR
866:. NASA
1462:SORCE
1446:OSO C
1415:OSO K
1410:OSO J
1354:Vigil
1321:PUNCH
1277:TRACE
1257:SOLAR
1215:OSO 8
1210:OSO 7
1205:OSO 6
1200:OSO 5
1195:OSO 4
1190:OSO 3
1185:OSO B
1181:OSO 2
1176:OSO 1
1132:IMP-8
988:]
981:ASO-S
897:OSO 1
412:(PDF)
395:(PDF)
326:OSO-K
322:OSO-J
302:of a
276:as a
259:OSO 7
230:X-ray
182:OSO 3
125:OSO C
110:OSO B
83:X-ray
25:OSO 4
1434:Lost
1400:AOSO
1379:SETH
1082:Past
1069:Wind
1020:IRIS
872:2014
846:2014
816:2014
809:NASA
791:2019
763:2014
733:2014
726:NASA
708:2014
678:2014
671:NASA
653:2019
625:2014
595:2014
588:NASA
570:2014
563:NASA
545:2019
517:2014
487:2014
480:NASA
462:2014
455:NASA
437:2014
430:NASA
341:ASAT
324:and
318:AOSO
312:The
81:and
67:NASA
45:The
1467:SXI
965:ACE
890:at
337:DoD
234:keV
77:in
65:by
59:Sun
51:OSO
1507::
986:fr
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