192:
box, raised bed) and produce healthy, nutritious organic food, a farmers market, a place to pass on gardening experience, and a sharing of bounty, promoting a more sustainable way of living that would encourage their local economy. A simple 4' x 8' (32 square feet) raised bed garden based on the principles of bio-intensive planting and square foot gardening uses fewer nutrients and less water, and could keep a family, or community, supplied with an abundance of healthy, nutritious organic greens, while promoting a more sustainable way of living.
1813:
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environment. The impact of tilling in organic farming is much less of an issue. Ploughing speeds up erosion because the soil remains uncovered for a long period of time and if it has a low content of organic matter, the structural stability of the soil decreases. Organic farmers use techniques such as mulching, planting cover crops, and intercropping, to maintain a soil cover throughout most of the year. The use of compost, manure mulch and other organic fertilizers yields a higher organic content of soils on organic farms and helps limit
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20:
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control insects and animals, cause an increase in the pest population in the long term, thereby creating an ever-increasing problem. Repeated use of insecticides and herbicides also encourages rapid natural selection of resistant insects, plants and other organisms, necessitating increased use, or requiring new, more powerful controls.
195:
Organic gardening is designed to work with the ecological systems and minimally disturb the Earth's natural balance. Because of this organic farmers have been interested in reduced-tillage methods. Conventional agriculture uses mechanical tillage, which is ploughing or sowing, which is harmful to the
191:
tensive) are all small scale gardening techniques. These techniques were brought to the United States by Alan
Chadwick in the 1930s. A garden is more than just a means of providing food; it is a model of what is possible in a community â everyone could have a garden of some kind (container, growing
236:
Differing approaches to pest control are equally notable. In chemical horticulture, a specific insecticide may be applied to quickly kill off a particular insect pest. Chemical controls can dramatically reduce pest populations in the short term, yet by unavoidably killing (or starving) natural
132:
Organic horticulture (or organic gardening) is based on knowledge and techniques gathered over thousands of years. In general terms, organic horticulture involves natural processes, often taking place over extended periods of time, and a sustainable, holistic approach â while chemical-based
211:(composting using worms) can also be used to supplement an existing garden. These practices are ways of recycling organic matter into some of the best organic fertilizers and soil conditioner. The byproduct of vermicomposting is also an excellent source of nutrients for an organic garden.
294:
Much of the productivity advantage of conventional agriculture is associated with the use of nitrogen fertilizer. However, the use, and especially the overuse, of nitrogen fertilizer has negative effects such as nitrogen runoff harming natural water supplies and increased global warming.
98:, and mineral supplements are soil-building mainstays that distinguish this type of farming from its conventional counterpart. Through attention to good healthy soil condition, it is expected that insect, fungal, or other problems that sometimes plague plants can be minimized. However,
290:
One controversy associated with organic food production is the matter of the amount of food produced per acre. Even with good organic practices, organic agriculture may be five to twenty-five percent less productive than conventional agriculture, depending on the crop.
240:
In contrast, organic horticulture tends to tolerate some pest populations while taking the long view. Organic pest control requires a thorough understanding of pest life cycles and interactions, and involves the cumulative effect of many techniques, including:
219:
Organic horticulture techniques are used to maintain lawns and turf fields organically as required by certain laws and management plans. Beginning in the late 20th century, some large properties and municipalities required
298:
Organic methods have other advantages, such as healthier soil, that may make organic farming more resilient, and therefore more reliable in producing food, in the face of challenges such as climate change.
141:
There are a number of formal organic gardening and farming systems that prescribe specific techniques. They tend to be more specific than, and fit within, general organic standards.
366:
129:(involves maintaining quality and preventing spoilage of horticultural crops). All of these can be, and sometimes are, pursued according to the principles of organic cultivation.
582:
654:
The
Organic Gardener's Handbook of Natural Insect and Disease Control: A Complete Problem-Solving Guide to Keeping Your Garden and Yard Healthy Without Chemicals.
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1461:
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887:
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Each of these techniques also provides other benefits, such as soil protection and improvement, fertilization, pollination, water conservation and
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is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants by following the essential principles of
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282:(IPM). However, IPM can include the use of chemical pesticides that are not part of organic or biological techniques.
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274:. These benefits are both complementary and cumulative in overall effect on site health. Organic pest control and
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sprays, and other pest-control methods available to organic farmers are also utilized by organic horticulturists.
1997:
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1956:
1880:
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67:, horticulture makes use of human labour and gardener's hand tools, although some small machine tools like
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As well, world hunger is not primarily an issue of agricultural yields, but distribution and waste.
2161:
2120:
1966:
1873:
1095:
952:
612:
The New
Organic Grower: A Master's Manual of Tools and Techniques for the Home and Market Gardener.
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and organic horticulture in the maintenance of both public and private parks and properties. Some
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126:
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1951:
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1587:
1304:
922:
917:
810:
626:
The
Complete Vegetable & Herb Gardener : A Guide to Growing Your Garden Organically.
263:
Rotating crops to different locations from year to year to interrupt pest reproduction cycles
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583:"Copious Fertilizer Down on the Farm Means More Global Warming Pollution up in the Sky"
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is also sometimes defined simply as "agriculture minus the plough". Instead of the
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horticulture focuses on immediate, isolated effects and reductionist strategies.
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system for small-scale grain production that he called
Natural Farming.
1900:
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1157:
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204:
146:
83:
117:(includes production, marketing and maintenance of landscape plants),
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16:
Organic cultivation of fruit, vegetables, flowers or ornamental plants
1971:
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1749:
1696:
1676:
1671:
1329:
815:
802:
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341:
National
Sustainable Agriculture Information Service on healthy soils
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Using row covers to protect crop plants during pest migration periods
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1572:
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1112:
902:
340:
122:
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Encouraging predatory beneficial insects to flourish and eat pests
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locations require organic lawn management and organic horticulture
59:, classically defined as the culture or growing of garden plants.
2099:
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1716:
1706:
1582:
1217:
1107:
87:
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The Forest Farms of Kandy: And Other
Gardens of Complete Design
91:
64:
1535:
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Careful plant selection, choosing disease-resistant varieties
79:
266:
Using insect traps to monitor and control insect populations
1456:
1071:
624:
Karan Davis Cutler, Barbara W. Ellis, and David
Cavagnaro.
453:
510:. The Powered by the People Pest Control team. 2012-04-11.
145:, a fully organic food production system which dates from
1384:
149:, is thought to be the world's oldest and most resilient
710:
Mycelium
Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World.
533:
Organic
Materials Review Institute on allowed substances
476:"Are Bugs the Pests, or Humans? Organic Lawns Take Hold"
257:
Planting companion crops that discourage or divert pests
668:
Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening.
532:
521:
Organic Pest and Disease Management Guide, Cornell Univ
364:
696:
Gardening When It Counts: Growing Food in Hard Times.
113:(includes production and marketing of floral crops),
285:
125:(includes production and marketing of fruits), and
121:(includes production and marketing of vegetables),
214:
159:is an approach based on the esoteric teachings of
652:Barbara W. Ellis and Fern Marshall Bradley, eds.
640:The Gardener's A-Z Guide to Growing Organic Food.
2138:
1895:
245:Allowing for an acceptable level of pest damage
789:
1881:
775:
1651:List of organic gardening and farming topics
312:List of organic gardening and farming topics
136:
554:"Will Organic Food Fail to Feed the World?"
395:, Ohio State University Extension Factsheet
109:Horticulture involves five areas of study:
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231:
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541:
18:
580:
571:
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551:
538:
1869:
763:
251:Encouraging beneficial microorganisms
1836:
473:
23:An organic garden on a school campus
1848:
581:Harball, Elizabeth (11 June 2014).
391:Travis Beck and Martin F. Quigley,
34:in soil building and conservation,
13:
728:The Elements of Organic Gardening.
14:
2178:
741:
163:. The Japanese farmer and writer
1847:
1835:
1824:
1823:
1811:
747:
286:Impact on the global food supply
682:The Vegetable Gardener's Bible.
604:
552:Biello, David (25 April 2012).
526:
514:
430:"Benefits of Organic Gardening"
365:Douglas John McConnell (2003).
353:Organic pest control strategies
215:Organic lawn management systems
500:
467:
442:
422:
398:
385:
358:
346:
334:
1:
327:
722:HRH The Prince of Wales and
7:
1932:Magnesium deficiency#Plants
1682:Index of pesticide articles
474:Land, Leslie (2007-04-12).
393:Intensive Organic Gardening
317:List of organic food topics
305:
179:methods, and SPIN Farming (
71:are commonly employed now.
10:
2183:
826:Climate-friendly gardening
450:"Build a Vermicompost Bin"
280:integrated pest management
173:French intensive gardening
74:
2113:
2082:
2021:
1985:
1907:
1805:
1727:
1702:Plant disease forecasting
1664:
1656:Vegan organic agriculture
1631:
1506:Genetically modified tree
1393:
936:
801:
137:Organic gardening systems
2121:Algal nutrient solutions
1967:Micronutrient deficiency
53:(culture) together form
2167:Sustainable agriculture
1998:Phosphorus assimilation
322:Organic lawn management
278:can be used as part of
276:biological pest control
232:Pest control approaches
222:organic lawn management
1641:Biodynamic agriculture
1578:Postharvest physiology
1526:Landscape architecture
1223:Indonesian home garden
508:"Organic Pest Control"
371:. Ashgate. p. 1.
203:Other methods such as
127:postharvest physiology
115:landscape horticulture
24:
2152:Sustainable gardening
1993:Nitrogen assimilation
1952:Phosphorus deficiency
1942:Molybdenum deficiency
888:Historic conservation
614:Chelsea Green, 1995.
22:
2008:Microbial assistance
1957:Potassium deficiency
1937:Manganese deficiency
1818:Gardening portal
1717:Aquamog weed remover
1692:List of insecticides
756:at Wikimedia Commons
638:Tanya L.K. Denckla.
28:Organic horticulture
2064:Nutrient management
2003:Sulfur assimilation
1947:Nitrogen deficiency
724:Stephanie Donaldson
698:New Society, 2006.
587:Scientific American
558:Scientific American
406:"Organic Gardening"
49:(garden plant) and
32:organic agriculture
2095:Nutrient pollution
2069:Organic fertilizer
2059:Nutrient budgeting
1922:Calcium deficiency
1687:List of fungicides
1452:Companion planting
535:Retrieved 2009-3-8
523:Retrieved 2009-3-8
480:The New York Times
410:The New York Times
355:Retrieved 2009-3-8
343:Retrieved 2009-3-8
157:Biodynamic farming
25:
2147:Organic gardening
2134:
2133:
2074:Plant tissue test
2049:Hydroponic dosers
2044:Hoagland solution
1863:
1862:
1735:Community orchard
1561:drought tolerance
752:Media related to
712:Ten Speed, 2005.
680:Edward C. Smith.
666:Anna Kruger, ed.
147:prehistoric times
104:insecticidal soap
2174:
2114:Related concepts
2013:Photorespiration
1917:Boron deficiency
1890:
1883:
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1792:Plant collecting
1728:Related articles
1665:Plant protection
846:French intensive
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452:. Archived from
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272:season extension
198:soil degradation
165:Masanobu Fukuoka
143:Forest gardening
45:The Latin words
40:heirloom variety
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2162:Organic farming
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2109:
2078:
2034:Fertilizer tree
2017:
1981:
1977:Fertilizer burn
1962:Zinc deficiency
1927:Iron deficiency
1903:
1897:Plant nutrition
1894:
1864:
1859:
1810:
1801:
1797:Turf management
1782:Lists of plants
1777:List of gardens
1723:
1660:
1627:
1389:
939:
932:
797:
788:
754:Organic farming
744:
694:Steve Solomon.
610:Eliot Coleman.
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209:vermicomposting
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100:pheromone traps
77:
36:pest management
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2090:Soil fertility
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1551:free-flowering
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868:Groundskeeping
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861:computer-aided
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743:
742:External links
740:
739:
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720:
708:Paul Stamets.
706:
692:
684:Storey, 2006.
678:
664:
656:Rodale, 1996.
650:
642:Storey, 2004.
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161:Rudolf Steiner
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69:rotary tillers
42:preservation.
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2083:Miscellaneous
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1767:Garden centre
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2126:Biostimulant
2054:Living mulch
2039:Green manure
1986:Assimilation
1852:
1840:
1828:
1809:
1712:Weed control
1632:
1601:horticulture
1531:Olericulture
1511:Hydroculture
1501:Fruticulture
1479:Floriculture
1408:Permaculture
1395:Horticulture
791:Horticulture
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605:Bibliography
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454:the original
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61:Horticulture
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56:horticulture
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2105:Agrobiology
2029:Fertigation
1854:WikiProject
1623:Monoculture
1618:Viticulture
1596:agriculture
1556:propagation
1496:HĂźgelkultur
1418:sustainable
1403:Agriculture
1345:Therapeutic
1325:Shakespeare
1136:Renaissance
928:Xeriscaping
923:Sustainable
918:Square foot
908:Proplifting
873:Garden tool
841:Foodscaping
167:invented a
84:cover crops
2141:Categories
1909:Imbalances
1901:Fertilizer
1516:Indigenous
1413:stock-free
1385:Zoological
1265:Pollinator
1158:Greenhouse
1101:Sharawadgi
1089:Vietnamese
1050:East Asian
958:Australian
913:Raised bed
878:Green wall
670:DK, 2005.
493:2021-09-17
460:2009-02-03
435:2011-05-25
415:2017-09-05
328:References
205:composting
1972:Chlorosis
1787:Perennial
1750:Floristry
1697:Pesticide
1677:Herbicide
1672:Fungicide
1566:hardiness
1330:Shrubbery
1310:Sculpture
1131:landscape
1060:Cantonese
1035:Container
1030:Community
998:Byzantine
993:Butterfly
983:Botanical
883:Guerrilla
831:Community
821:Butterfly
816:Arboretum
811:Allotment
803:Gardening
795:gardening
488:0362-4331
1830:Category
1740:Features
1646:Grafting
1606:forestry
1588:Tropical
1573:Pomology
1546:cuttings
1541:breeding
1375:Wildlife
1355:Tropical
1305:Scottish
1255:Pleasure
1243:Paradise
1238:Charbagh
1208:Monastic
1203:Medieval
1113:Floating
1067:Japanese
1018:Communal
1008:Colonial
973:Biblical
938:Types of
903:Parterre
306:See also
123:pomology
2100:Soil pH
2022:Methods
1842:Commons
1755:Ikebana
1707:Pruning
1633:Organic
1583:Roguing
1469:Cutting
1360:Victory
1335:Spanish
1315:Sensory
1260:Prairie
1228:Persian
1218:Orchard
1183:Kitchen
1178:Keyhole
1173:Italian
1168:Islamic
1163:Hanging
1122:French
1108:Fernery
1096:English
1055:Chinese
1040:Cottage
968:Baroque
940:gardens
893:History
169:no-till
92:manures
88:compost
80:Mulches
75:General
51:cultura
1592:Urban
1489:Taiwan
1484:Canada
1447:Botany
1440:Saikei
1435:Bonsai
1380:Winter
1365:Walled
1300:School
1295:Sacred
1250:Physic
1213:Mughal
1193:Market
1148:German
1126:formal
1118:Flower
1084:Korean
1003:Cactus
988:Bottle
948:Alpine
898:Native
851:Garden
836:Forest
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65:plough
47:hortus
38:, and
1536:Plant
1474:Flora
1423:urban
1370:Water
1350:Trial
1320:Shade
1280:Roman
1153:Greek
1143:Front
1045:Dutch
1013:Color
592:8 May
563:8 May
183:mall
1457:Crop
1290:Rose
1285:Roof
1275:Rock
1270:Rain
1233:BÄgh
1198:Mary
1188:Knot
1072:Roji
963:Back
793:and
732:ISBN
714:ISBN
700:ISBN
686:ISBN
672:ISBN
658:ISBN
644:ISBN
630:ISBN
616:ISBN
594:2015
565:2015
484:ISSN
373:ISBN
187:lot
1340:Tea
1077:Zen
978:Bog
228:.
207:or
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1899:/
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189:IN
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185:P
181:S
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