1902:
1086:
2468:
1449:
1631:
1676:
2434:
1500:
1608:
1924:
899:
1077:
1946:
518:" disappeared from paintings by about the end of the 15th century. Only a handful of original animal-pattern carpets survive, two from European churches, where their rarity presumably preserved them. The "Marby rug", one of the finest examples, was preserved in a church of the Swedish town of Marby, and a bold adaptation of an originally Chinese "dragon and phoenix" motif is in Berlin. Both are rugs, less than 2 metres long, and about 1 metre wide, with two compartments, though the Berlin carpet lacks a border down one long side. The "Dragon and Phoenix" and the "Marby" rugs were the only existing examples of animal carpets known until 1988. Since then, seven more carpets of this type have been found. They survived in Tibetan monasteries and were removed by monks fleeing to Nepal during the
754:
2415:
350:
720:
34:
1172:
1426:
25:
388:
1484:
85:
341:
205:
763:
2105:
978:
1188:
2044:. He concluded that the majority of the surviving and painted carpets alike were produced by Christian Armenian weavers. The hidden Christian symbolism of the carpet patterns had therefore made the so-called "Christian oriental carpets" appropriate adornments for Western European Christian churches. Following this hypothesis, the lack of contemporary Western European written sources, which could otherwise provide independent evidence to support Gantzhorn's claims, is explained by the fact that the knowledge of the hidden symbols was subject to oral tradition, and restricted to a small religious élite. The
969:
1414:
1461:
2304:
908:
182:
1879:
1655:
2248:
711:
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carpets were integrated into secular contexts, but always served to represent the idea of opulence, exoticism, luxury, wealth, or status. First, their use was reserved for the most powerful and most wealthy, for royalty and nobility. Later, as more people gained sufficient wealth to afford goods of luxury, Oriental carpets appeared on the portraits of merchants and wealthy burghers. During the late 17th and 18th century, the interest in depicting carpets declined. In parallel, the paintings pay less attention to detail.
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94:
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1969:
1708:
2087:
1717:
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cultural context. Whilst
Islamic carpets initially served to adorn Renaissance paintings, later on the paintings contributed to a better understanding of the carpets. Comparative art historical research on Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting thus adds another facette, and leads to a better understanding of the highly multifaceted, and sometimes ambivalent, image of the Ottomans during the Western European Renaissance.
397:
1527:. Pinner and Franses champion this attribution because Syria was part first of the Mamluk, later of the Ottoman Empire at that time. This would explain the similarities with the colours and patterns of the Cairene carpets. The current dating of the "chequerboard" carpets is also consistent with European collection inventories from the early 17th century. Carpets of the "chequerboard" type are depicted on
1523:
enclosing a star pattern. All "chequerboard" carpets have borders with cartouches and lobed medallions. Their attribution is still under debate. The colours and patterns resemble those seen in Mamluk carpets; however, they are "S-spun" and "Z-twisted" and thus similar to early
Armenian carpets. Since the early days of carpet science they are attributed to
231:
cultural history of the
Oriental art of carpet weaving. This has in turn renewed and inspired the scientific interest in their countries of origin. Comparative research based on Renaissance paintings and carpets preserved in museums and collections continues to contribute to the expanding body of art historical and cultural knowledge.
2300:, in the background. Bellini's use of these decorative elements resembles the way Oriental carpets are depicted in 14th and 15th century Renaissance paintings: They are depictions of the exotic and the precious, they set a stage for an important person or action, but, as yet, essentially ignore their original cultural context.
800:, and the leading carpet scholar of his day. Some of these types ceased to be produced several centuries ago, and the location of their production remains uncertain, so obvious alternative terms were not available. The classification ignores the border patterns, and distinguishes between the type, size and arrangement of
1813:, which was an important center of Armenian carpet trade during the 15th–19th century. Many Armenians left their homes in Western Armenia ruled by Ottoman Turkey and founded craft centers of carpet weaving in Gherla, Transylvania. Hence, carpets of this type are known by a term of convenience as "Transylvanian carpets".
877:(1486), which shows the type hung over a balcony to the top left, and a different type of carpet over another balcony in the right foreground. These seem to be a transitional type between the early animal-pattern carpets and later purely geometrical designs, such as the Holbein types, perhaps reflecting increased
2209:
type of painting, depicts a group of people enjoying themselves, usually seated with drinks, and often music-making. In these pictures, Oriental carpets often cover and decorate the table, or are spread over the furniture. As such, they either underline the wealth and respectability of the portrayed,
496:
appears in a c. 1340–45 Sienese panel of the Holy Family attributed to Pietro or
Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Abegg-Stiftung, Riggisberg) with alternating black and white animals within colorful octagonal medallions. European depictions of Oriental carpets were extremely faithful to the originals, judging by
2053:
examined the
Pazyryk carpet for various substances, it has been concluded that the red threads used in the carpet were colored with a dye made from the Armenian cochineal, which was anciently found on the Ararat plains. Moreover, the technique used to create the Pazyryk carpet is consistent with the
1522:
An extremely rare group of carpets, "chequerboard" carpets were assumed to be a later and derivative continuum of the Mamluk and
Ottoman Cairene group of carpets. Only about 30 of these carpets survived. They are distinguished by their design composed of rows of squares with triangles in each corner
1344:
From the middle of the 15th century onwards, a type of carpet was produced in Egypt which is characterized by a dominant central medallion, or three to five medallions in a row along the vertical axis. Numerous smaller ornaments are placed around the medallions, such as eight-pointed stars, or small
1326:
from the 15th to the beginning of the 16th century. The fringes of these carpets are often found at the sides of the painted carpets, not at the upper and lower ends. Either did the carpets have an uncommonly square shape, or maybe the artists have used some license and improvised with the authentic
1211:
The general design of the
Ghirlandaio type, as in the 1486 painting, is related to Holbein Type 1. It is defined by one or two central medallions of diamond shape, consisting of an octagon within a square, from whose sides triangular, curvilinear patterns arise. Carpets with this medallion have been
269:
The depiction of
Oriental carpets in Renaissance paintings is regarded as an important contribution to a "world history of art", based upon interactions of different cultural traditions. Rugs from the Islamic world arrived in large numbers in Western Europe by the 15th century, which is increasingly
2048:
had led to the loss of the oral tradition, and, subsequently, to an incorrect "Islamic" attribution of the carpets by the majority of
Western art historians. The debate about Gantzhorn's hypotheses, which is at times conducted polemically and not entirely free of nationalistic constraints, is still
2032:
Oriental carpets appear for the first time on early
Renaissance paintings of the late 12th century. In most cases the carpets serve as a background for religious scenes. Saints were depicted enthroned or standing on carpets, thus being elated, and separated from their surroundings. Ordinary people,
836:
with a single "re-entrant" or keyhole motif at the bottom of a larger figure traced in a thin border. At the top end the borders close diagonally to a point, from which hangs down a "lamp". The design had Islamic significance, and its function seems to have been recognised in Europe, as they were
230:
Activities of scientists and collectors beginning in the late 19th century have substantially increased the corpus of surviving Oriental carpets, allowing for more detailed comparison of existing carpets with their painted counterparts. Western comparative research resulted in an ever more detailed
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anachronistically shows the patron saint of Venice preaching to Muslims. The architecture shown in the background is an incongruous assortment of buildings, not corresponding to contemporary Islamic architecture. The stage-like setting for St Mark's sermon is adorned by exotic animals like a camel
1235:
China. Brüggemann and Boehmer further elaborate that it might have been introduced to Western Anatolia by the Seljuk, or Mongol invaders in the 11th or 13th century. In contrast to the manifold variation of patterns seen in other carpet types, the Ghirlandaio medallion design has remained largely
2238:
of a human skull. Objects in still life paintings, regardless of their allegorical meaning, are often placed on precious velvet table cloths, marble plates, or Oriental carpets. As such, Oriental carpets are treated similar to other precious objects or materials, the focus being on their material
1557:
carpets were often woven in large formats. As such, they represent a typical product of higher organized, town manufacture. They are characterized by large dark blue star shaped primary medallions in infinite repeat on a red ground field containing a secondary floral scroll. The design was likely
172:
survive than actual carpets contemporary with these paintings. Few Middle-Eastern carpets produced before the 17th century remain, though the number of these known has increased in recent decades. Therefore, comparative art-historical research has from its onset in the late 19th century relied on
1600:
hardly show any differences in the details of the design or the weaving structure indicate that all three pictures might trace back to one single carpet Vermeer might have had at his studio. The paintings by Vermeer, Steen, and Verkolje depict a special type of Ushak carpet of which no surviving
246:
Visually, the carpets serve to draw attention either to an important person, or to highlight a location where significant action is going on. In parallel with the development of Renaissance painting, initially mainly Christian saints and religious scenes are set out on the carpets. Later on, the
580:
Oriental carpets were often depicted as a decorative element in religious scenes, and were a symbol of luxury, status and taste, although they were becoming more widely available throughout the period, which is reflected in the paintings. In some cases, such as paintings by Gentile Bellini, the
2407:
The majority of Oriental carpets, however, continue to be depicted as objects with visual appeal, without political connotations, but ignoring their original cultural context. It was reserved to a later century to try and reach out for a better understanding of the carpets within their Islamic
1055:
Type IV: Large-pattern Holbein. Large, square, star-filled compartments are combined with secondary, smaller squares containing octagons or other "gul" motifs. In contrast to the other types, which only contain patterns of equal scale, the type IV Holbein shows subordinate ornaments of unequal
234:
The tradition of precise realism among Western painters of the late 15th and 16th century provides pictorial material which is often detailed enough to justify conclusions about even minute details of the painted carpet. The carpets are treated with exceptional care in the rendering of colors,
286:
published his book on Oriental carpet design. He was relying more on European paintings than on the examination of actual carpets for lack of material, because ancient Oriental carpets were not yet collected at the time when he worked on his book. Lessing's approach has proven very useful to
2078:
was adorned with carpets hanging from the windows of the surrounding palaces and houses on special occasions. Like the beautiful ladies looking out of the windows, the carpets function as a decorative framework, and highlight the important action which is going on. Similar to the inaccurate
2352:
of Christ, however, represents a special case: The use of the motif could either have resulted from a mere similarity of the two pictorial patterns, but it can also be understood as an assertion of Renaissance Christian predominance. Europeans had reasons to fear the Islamic world: in 1529
1782:
type, on the other hand, were exported in great numbers to Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands, and are often represented in interiors painted by Velásquez, Rubens, Van Dyck, Vermeer, Terborch, de Hooch, Bol and Metsu, where the dates established for the paintings provide a yardstick for
1568:
carpets usually have a red or blue field decorated with a floral trellis or leaf tendrils, ovoid primary medallions alternating with smaller eight-lobed stars, or lobed medallions, intertwined with floral tracery. Their border frequently contains palmettes on a floral and leaf scroll, and
2287:
wrote that Bellini "portrayed the Emperor Mahomet from the life so well, that it was held a miracle". The dating and authorship of the portrait by Bellini have been placed in question, however, Bellini is the first great Renaissance painter who actually visited an Islamic Sultan's court.
270:
recognized as a pivotal temporal nexus in the cultural encounters that contributed to the development of Renaissance ideas, arts, and sciences. Intensified contacts, especially the increasing trade between the Islamic world and Western Europe, have provided material sources and cultural
1307:, Konya, dated to the 17th century. She relates these carpets to 19th century Caucasian "Dragon" rugs with a similar lozenge design (p. 71), and claims that carpets of a type as depicted by van Eyck and Petrus Christus are early Anatolian forerunners to the later Caucasian design.
856:
twice painted what seems to be the same small rug, with the centre taken up with a complex sixteen-pointed star motif made up of several compartments in different colours, some containing highly stylised animal motifs. Comparable actual carpets are extremely rare, but there are two in
1562:, the concept of the infinite repeat in star Ushak carpets is more accentuated and in keeping with the early Turkish design tradition. Because of their strong allusion to the infinite repeat, the star Ushak design can be used on carpets of various size and in many varying dimensions.
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The depiction of Oriental carpets in paintings other than portraits generally declined after the 1540s, corresponding to a decline in the taste for highly detailed representation of objects (Detailism) among painters, and grander classicising surrounds for hieratic religious images.
1302:
paintings which show a predominantly geometric design with a lozenge composition in infinite repeat, built up from fine bands which connect eight-pointed stars. Yetkin has identified an Anatolian carpet with a similar, but more advanced lozenge design (Yetkin, 1981, plate 47 in the
318:
These art historians were also aware of the fact that their scientific approach was biased: Only carpets produced by manufactories were exported to Western Europe, and consequently were available to the Renaissance artists. Village or nomadic rugs did not reach Europe during the
1607:
2189:
Dürer was buying various exotic luxury goods for Pirckheimer in Venice, and he mentions the two carpets amongst gold, jewels, and crane feathers. We do not know if Dürer in any way attributed artistic value to these carpets. No Oriental carpets were ever depicted by Dürer.
1499:
2049:
ongoing. And it's high time to announce the real story of rugs/carpets to the world and present the first ancient rug found in Pazyryk as an ancient Armenian rag woven by fine and talented Armenian masters in the 5th century BC. When chemists and dye specialists of the
2033:
often the donors of the painting, were sometimes allowed to participate in the atmosphere of holiness by depicting them near the holy person, or literally kneeling or standing "on the same carpet" as the saint. This context is still understood and at times used today.
2008:
Due to their perceived rarity, preciousness and strangeness, Oriental carpets were depicted as a background for saints and religious scenes. Later on, the religious iconography was taken over by politically powerful persons in order to assert their status and
1145:
Though they look very different from Holbein Type I carpets, they are a development of the type, where the edges of the motifs, nearly always in yellow on a red ground, take off in rigid arabesques somewhat suggesting foliage, and terminating in branched
791:
When Western scholars explored the history of Islamic carpetmaking, several types of carpet pattern became conventionally called after the names of European painters who had used them, and these terms remain in use. The classification is mostly that of
1809:(1627) are amongst the earliest paintings depicting a new type of Ottoman Turkish manufactory carpet, which was exported to Europe in large quantities, probably in order to meet the increasing demand. A large number of similar carpets were preserved in
1365:, about 1570. The large medallion is depicted in a way that it forms the nimbus of the head of Christ. The characteristic Mamluk carpet ornaments are clearly visible. Ydema has documented a total of sixteen dateable representations of Mamluk carpets.
1988:
1041:
Type III: Large-pattern Holbein. The motifs in the field inside the border consist of one or two large squares filled with octagons, placed regularly, and separated from each other and from the borders by narrow stripes. There are no secondary
2036:
The exact interpretation of the religious context has been proposed by Volkmar Gantzhorn in 1998. He compared in detail the patterns and symbols of both the Renaissance paintings and surviving carpets with ancient ornaments, for example with
1901:
1945:
944:
in the last quarter of the fifteenth century, and are characterised by several lines coming off the motifs that end in "hooks", by coiling in on themselves through two or three 90° turns. Another example appears in a miniature painted for
1130:, who did so several times, though he was not the first artist to show them. Lotto is also documented as owning a large carpet, though its pattern is unknown. They were primarily produced during the 16th and 17th centuries along the
1582:. It is placed horizontally; the upper or lower end with the star-shaped corner medallion can be seen. Under the woman's hand which holds the glass, a part of a characteristic Ushak medallion can be seen. The carpet seen on Vermeer's
2433:
2156:"Anthoni Kolb will help me buying 2 carpets, the nicest, broadest and cheapest . As soon as I have them, I will hand them over to the young Im Hoff, and he will prepare them for transport. I will look for crane feathers as well."
1157:
To judge from paintings, they reached Italy by 1516, Portugal about a decade later, and northern Europe, including England, by the 1560s. They continue to appear in paintings until about the 1660s, especially in the Netherlands.
1878:
1856:). By this date they have become common in the homes of the reasonably well-to-do, as is shown by historical documentation of inventories. Carpets are sometimes depicted in scenes of debauchery from the prosperous Netherlands.
3026:
689:(the so-called re-entrant carpets, later called the "Bellini" type). The representation of such prayer rugs disappeared after 1555, probably as a consequence of the realization of their religious meaning and connection to
3652:
Examples in Polish collections led to their being miscalled "Polish carpets" in the 19th century, a misnomer that has stuck: "representations of 'Polish' silk rugs in paintings are rare" report Dimand and Mailey 1973,
2150:
Vnd dy 2 tebich will mir Anthoni Kolb awff daz hubschpt, preytest vnd wolfeillest helfen khawffen. So jch sy hab, will jch sy dem jungen Im Hoff geben, daz er ys ewch einschlache. Awch will jch sehen noch den kranchs
1923:
1425:
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comparison with the few surviving examples of actual rugs of contemporary date. Their larger scale also allows more detailed and accurate depictions than those shown in miniature paintings from Turkey or Persia.
1448:
1630:
2387:, which ended on 12 September 1683, and their new Christian owners proudly reported back home about their plunder. Carpets exist with inscriptions indicating the new owner, and the date when it was acquired:
2012:
Oriental carpets were more generally perceived as a rare commodity, and objects of luxury and decoration. From the mid 16th century onwards, the iconological context sometimes extended towards the idea of
1859:
By the end of the century, Oriental carpets had lost much of their status as prestige objects, and the grandest sitters for portraits were more likely to be shown on the high-quality Western carpets, like
1675:
606:
Non-royal portrait sitters were more likely to place their carpet on a table or other piece of furniture, especially in Northern Europe, though small rugs beside a bed are not uncommon, as in the
1345:
ornaments composed of stylized floral elements. The innumerable small geometric and floral ornaments give a kaleidoscopic impression. Sixty of these carpets were given to the English cardinal
1020:
Type I: Small-pattern Holbein. This type is defined by an infinite repeat of small patterns, with alternating rows of octagons and staggered rows of diamonds, as seen in Holbein the Younger's
1376:, the Cairene weavers adopted an Ottoman Turkish design. The production of these carpets continued in Egypt into the early 17th century. A carpet of the Ottoman Cairene type is depicted in
1483:
1460:
243:, the drawing of the individual patterns and motifs, and the way the pile opens where the carpet is folded over the steps, all suggest that the depicted textile is a pile-woven carpet.
3967:
2376:. On the eighth fresco, a table in front of the Pope's throne is covered by an Oriental carpet. It was hypothesized that the carpet might have been a trophy from previous expeditions.
1654:
3023:
2024:
In any case, Oriental carpets were used in Western Europe in different ways and contexts than in the Islamic world, and their original cultural context was never fully understood.
2414:
510:
2163:
Jtem allen fleis hab jch an kertt mit den tewichen, kan aber kein preiten an kumen. Sy sind al schmall vnd lang. Aber noch hab jch altag forschung dornoch, awch der Anthoni Kolb.
1227:
In his essay on "Centralized Designs", Thompson relates the central medallion pattern of oriental carpets to the "lotus pedestal" and "cloud collar (yun chien)" motifs, used in
1224:, and dated to the 16th century. Carpets with similar medallions were dated to the 17th, 18th and 19th century, respectively, and are still woven in the Çanakkale region today.
473:, Spain, or elsewhere. In fact these were not the finest Islamic carpets of the period, and few of the top-quality Turkish "court" carpets are seen. Even finer than these,
1978:
2166:"I've done all I could with the carpets, but I cannot get any of the broad ones. They are all narrow and oblong. I'm continuing my search every day, Anthoni Kolb as well."
514:(1440). These had been stylised and simplified into near-geometric motifs in their transmission to the Islamic world. The whole group, referred to in the literature as "
2020:
When contacts, often of a violent nature, grew closer between the Islamic world and Europe, Oriental carpets were sometimes used as a symbol of Christian self-assertion.
1747:
Carpets remained an important way of enlivening the background of full-length portraits throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, for example in the English portraits of
837:
known in English as "musket" carpets, a corruption of "mosque". In the Gentile Bellini seen at top the rug is the "right" way round; often this is not the case. Later
2221:", the futility of human life. The allusion to futility is made apparent by the inclusion of symbols like a human skull, or inscriptions quoting the biblical book of
541:
Although the carpets were displayed on a public floor in a few examples, most carpets on the floor are in an area reserved for the main protagonists, very often on a
2217:
paintings. Assorted valuable, exotic objects like Chinese porcelain bowls and animals like parrots are depicted, often with an allegorical meaning, or symbolizing "
1413:
1385:
2783:
Burke, S. Maureen (2011). "Mary with Her Spools of Thread: Domesticating the Sacred Interior in Tuscan Trecento Art". in John Garton and Diane Wolfthal, eds.,
287:
establish a scientific chronology of Oriental carpet weaving, and was further elaborated and expanded mainly by scholars of the "Berlin school" of History of
1377:
4090:
Brancati, Luca E., 'Figurative Evidence for the Philadelphia Blue-Ground SPH and an Art Historical Case Study: Gaudenzio Ferrari and Sperindio Cagnoli',
274:
to Western artists during the next centuries to come. In turn, European market demands also affected the carpet production in their countries of origin.
4100:
Burke, S. Maureen, 'Mary with Her Spools of Thread: Domesticating the Sacred Interior in Tuscan Trecento Art,' in John Garton and Diane Wolfthal, eds.,
1789:'s royal and aristocratic subjects had mostly progressed to Persian carpets, but less wealthy sitters are still shown with the Turkish types. The 1620
1085:
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seen in Western Renaissance paintings, and continued to be produced for a long period. All are purely geometric and use a variety of arrangements of
1403:, 1628, shows the characteristic S-stems ending in double sickle-shaped lancet leaves. Various carpets of the Ottoman Cairene type are depicted in
3265:
1601:
counterpart is known. It is characterized by its rather sombre colours, coarse weaving, and patterns with a more degenerated curvilinear design.
779:, 1486, with Crivelli carpet in the upper left corner. See enlarged detail at left. Note that there is a second, different carpet at top center.
2845:
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1551:
In contrast to the relatively large number of surviving carpets of this type, relatively few of them are represented in Renaissance paintings.
477:
do not appear until the end of the 16th century, but become increasingly popular among the very wealthy in the 17th century. The very refined
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writing in contemporary paintings, the European artists borrowed something from another culture which they, essentially, did not understand.
3803:
Orientalische Teppiche : eine Darstellung der ikonographischen und ikonologischen Entwicklung von den Anfängen bis zum 18. Jahrhundert
2291:
The influence of Bellinis encounter with the Islamic world is reflected by Oriental motifs appearing in several of his paintings. His 1507
1236:
unaltered from the 15th to the 21st century, and thus exemplifies an unusual continuity of a woven carpet design within a specific region.
504:
geometric designs, with the earliest ones also using animal patterns such as the originally Chinese-inspired "phoenix-and-dragon", as in
4239:
2074:
We do not understand exactly how Renaissance artists thought about the Oriental carpets they were depicting. We know that the Venetian
250:
The richly designed Oriental carpets appealed strongly to Western painters. The rich and various colours may have influenced the great
2348:. The painting can only be roughly dated to the 16th century. The use of the central medallion of an Oriental carpet to highlight the
898:
1327:
models. Alternatively, the carpets depicted by van Eyck and Petrus Christus could be of Western European manufacture. The undulating
1250:
1076:
1384:. Its border design and guard borders are the same as a carpet in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. A similar carpet has been depicted by
1490:
5179:
1590:
797:
1778:, 14.40.617) shows such a carpet laid upon the table on which the lady's cavalier is sitting. Floral "Isfahan" carpets of the
4178:
Spallanzani Marco, 'Oriental Rugs in Renaissance Florence', The Bruschettini Foundation for Islamic and Asian Art, Genova 2007
812:. These names are somewhat random: many artists painted these types, and single artists often painted many types of carpets.
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3423:
3313:
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1322:
however, each show a non-Oriental undulating trefoil stem. Similar ornaments can be found in the borders of many carpets in
2504:Лятиф Керимов. Азербайджанский ковёр. Том III. VI. Карабахская школа. Б) Джебраилская группа. Б.: «Гянджлик», 1983, рис.121
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recognized the artistic and art historic value of village or nomadic carpets, were they appreciated in the Western World.
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in exchange for a license for Venetian merchants to import wine to England. The earliest known painting representing a
349:
2402:
Inscription on the backside of an Oriental "Polonaise" carpet, once in the Moore collection, current location unknown.
1008:, and are sub-divided into four types (of which Holbein actually only painted two); they are the commonest designs of
719:
323:, and were not depicted in paintings. Not until the mid twentieth century, when collectors like Joseph V. McMullan or
33:
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could be traced back to late Roman origins and related to early Islamic floor mosaics found in the Umayyad palace of
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interest, but for most painters they merely reflect the prestige of the carpets in Europe. A typical example is the
74:
2643:
Altorientalische Teppichmuster: Nach Bildern und Originalen des XV. - XVI. Jahrhunderts, translated into English as
1138:, but also copied in various parts of Europe, including Spain, England and Italy. They are characterized by a lacy
841:
where both ends have the diagonal pointed inner border, as at the top only of Bellini rugs, are sometimes known as "
4212:
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Oriental carpets : Their iconographical and iconological development from the beginnings to the 18th century
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4282:
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591:
515:
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449:"...and here they make the most beautiful silks and carpets in the world, and with the most beautiful colours."
3166:
Der Orientalische Knüpfteppich. = Oriental Carpets: An Essay on their History. tr. C. G. Ellis, New York, 1960
3139:
Der Orientalische Knüpfteppich. = Oriental Carpets: An Essay on their History. tr. C. G. Ellis, New York, 1960
3112:
Der Orientalische Knüpfteppich. = Oriental Carpets: An Essay on their History. tr. C. G. Ellis, New York, 1960
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4042:
4207:
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In the collection of Harvard University Law School; illustrated in Dimand and Mailey 1973, p.193, fig. 178.
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Pinner, Robert; Franses, Michael (1981). "East mediterranean carpets in the Victoria & Albert Museum".
2535:. Translated by Beattie, May H.; Herzong, Hildegard. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
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influenced by northwest Persian book design, or by Persian carpet medallions. As compared to the medallion
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258:. It has been suggested that the pictorial representation of carpets is linked to the development of the
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2173:
Jch hab awch zwen dewich bestelt, dy würd jch morgen tzalen. Aber jch hab sy nit wolfell kunen kawffen.
1775:
1372:
in Egypt, two different cultures merged, as is seen on Mamluk carpets woven after this date. After the
557:. This presumably reflected the contemporary practice of royalty; in Denmark the 16th century Persian
523:
2645:
Ancient Oriental Carpet Patterns after Pictures and Originals of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
5374:
5169:
5017:
4946:
4225:
3774:
2230:
2198:
1872:
European painters continued to accurately depict Oriental carpets, now usually in Oriental settings.
1766:
are rarely represented in paintings, as they were doubtless very unusual in European homes; however,
1048:
977:
387:
84:
5364:
4881:
4764:
4724:
4399:
2443:
2361:, and the Ottoman Empire remained a constant threat to Western Europe until the late 17th century.
2354:
2202:
1884:
1825:
of the "Transylvanian" type. In the American colonies, Isaac Royall and his family were painted by
1748:
1369:
1187:
1005:
874:
421:
Pile carpets with geometric design are known to have been produced from the 13th century among the
121:
2176:"I've ordered two carpets, and will pay for them tomorrow. But I could not buy at a cheap price."
5207:
1739:
1730:
1578:
1139:
1126:
These were previously known as "small-pattern Holbein Type II", but he never painted one, unlike
259:
3498:
Pinner, R.; Franses, M. (1981). "East Mediterranean carpets in the Victoria and Albert Museum".
3151:
3124:
2970:
5217:
4956:
4759:
4539:
3688:
3200:
3097:
2358:
2344:
knew about the cultural background of the Mamluk carpet, which he used as a decoration for his
2334:
2041:
1861:
1397:
1276:
of the depictions, these are pile-woven carpets. No directly comparable carpets have survived.
1239:
1117:
968:
615:
3991:
5212:
4971:
4886:
4754:
4347:
2439:
2235:
2142:
1665:
1596:
263:
907:
5384:
5379:
5369:
5142:
5012:
4352:
4327:
4317:
2323:
2303:
2272:
2252:
1201:
634:
had various geographical origins, designated in contemporary Italy by different names: the
1102:, 1542, with two magnificent Oriental carpets, the one in the foreground the type for the
181:
8:
5328:
5071:
5002:
4941:
4835:
4815:
4810:
4097:
Brancati, Luca E., 'The carpets of the Painters' Exhibition catalogue, Skira, Milan 1999.
2772:
2558:"From grid to projected grid: Oriental carpets and the development of linear perspective"
2326:
standing on an Oriental carpet in front of a throne on the same carpet asserts the young
2210:
or add a context of exoticism and profligacy to brothel scenes, or scenes of debauchery.
2137:
In a series of letters from Venice dated 18 August – 13 October 1506, the German painter
565:
or out of windows for festive occasions, such as the processions through Venice shown by
519:
505:
376:
Right image: Phoenix-and-dragon carpet, first half or middle of the 15th century, Berlin.
367:
359:
3033:. There is a different type of carpet hung from the Virgin's house, at top center-right.
2526:
2524:
2522:
1517:
1220:
since the 16th century. A carpet fragment with a Ghirlandaio medallion was found in the
5300:
5157:
2654:
2341:
2307:
2116:
1735:
1431:
1404:
1284:
608:
535:
465:. The vast majority of carpets in 15th- and 16th-century paintings are either from the
310:
113:
2247:
235:
patterns, and details of form and design: The painted texture of a carpet depicted in
5343:
5338:
5187:
4981:
4840:
4581:
4302:
4187:
4074:
4060:
4046:
4021:
4013:
3947:
3922:
3897:
3872:
3810:
3594:
3419:
3385:
3309:
3284:
3064:
3056:
2734:
2679:
2621:
2587:
2536:
2519:
2067:
2045:
1685:
1646:
1393:
1016:, crosses and octagonal motifs within the main field. The sub-divisions are between:
869:
museum in Frankfurt shows it at the top, and the same carpet seems to be used in the
804:, or larger motifs in the central field of the carpet. In addition to four types of
566:
561:
is used under the throne for coronations to this day. They are also often hung over
558:
527:
251:
2380:
2138:
1864:, now being produced, whose less intricate patterns were also easier to depict in a
710:
677:
Some of the prayer carpets represented in Christian religious paintings are Islamic
627:. Both are shown sitting doing business at a carpet-covered table or shop counter.
5285:
5222:
5162:
5038:
4855:
4800:
4795:
4679:
4644:
3354:(1st ed.). Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Antique Collectors' Club, Ltd. p. 18.
3254:(1st ed.). Istanbul: Turkiye is Bankasi Cultural Publications. pp. 59–65.
3214:
2384:
2075:
2050:
1973:
1955:
1937:
1929:
1853:
1841:
1798:
1786:
1660:
1641:
1636:
1584:
1573:
1260:
821:
458:
324:
292:
4111:, The National Gallery, London, 1976. Revised and expanded edition, published as
3010:
1536:
946:
5137:
4997:
4850:
4709:
4684:
4669:
4639:
4611:
4374:
4337:
4277:
4034:
3946:. Translated by du C. de Vere, Gaston (Pbk. ed.). New York: Modern Library.
3030:
2676:
Pinner, R.: Editorial to "The history of the early Turkish carpet." by K. Erdmann
2420:
2268:
2256:
2122:
1911:
1814:
1794:
1771:
1474:
1265:
1013:
941:
825:
612:
of 1434. Carpets are seen on tables in particular in Italian scenes showing the
596:
570:
296:
236:
185:
161:
145:
129:
117:
54:
3418:(1st ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag. pp. 87–176.
415:
Right image: Anatolian animal carpet, circa 1500, found in Marby Church, Sweden.
300:
5323:
5197:
5081:
5022:
4911:
4865:
4830:
4825:
4769:
4744:
4734:
4719:
4659:
4634:
4618:
4564:
4504:
4429:
4409:
4404:
4297:
4262:
4102:
New Studies on Old Masters: Essays in Renaissance Art in Honour of Colin Eisler
3856:] (in German) (1st ed.). Mainz: Florian Kupferberg Verlag. p. 49.
2785:
New Studies on Old Masters: Essays in Renaissance Art in Honour of Colin Eisler
2328:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2194:
1983:
1837:
1528:
1350:
1304:
1272:
have painted four different carpets, three of them of a similar design. By the
958:
878:
853:
845:" rugs, though this term is not as commonly used as the others mentioned here.
805:
772:
659:
586:
485:
474:
466:
422:
283:
193:
141:
137:
133:
3766:
3719:
3127:, Large-pattern Type III Holbein Carpets. See also note to the last paragraph.
2364:
In his 1502–9 cycle of the Piccolomini library frescoes at the Dome of Siena,
1407:
frescoes in the "Sala delle Dame" at the Palazzo Salvadego in Brescia, Italy.
446:...et ibi fiunt soriani et tapeti pulchriores de mundo et pulchrioris coloris.
5358:
5132:
5111:
5048:
4860:
4820:
4714:
4704:
4694:
4689:
4654:
4606:
4586:
4549:
4509:
4454:
4419:
4312:
4292:
4012:, "Carpet, S 2; History(pp. 187–193), Oxford University Press US, 2006,
3775:"Pope John Paul II's coffin placed on a Bijar carpet during his funeral mass"
3680:
3154:, Large-pattern Type IV Holbein Carpets. See also note to the last paragraph.
2206:
2027:
1993:
1892:
1613:
1346:
1273:
1127:
1099:
1009:
921:
729:
620:
1240:
Van Eyck and Petrus Christus: Painted carpets without surviving counterparts
5275:
5268:
5253:
5248:
5076:
4805:
4779:
4774:
4749:
4739:
4729:
4601:
4544:
4519:
4494:
4469:
4414:
4394:
2678:(1977 English ed. of the original, 1957 German ed.). London: Oguz Pr.
2473:
2369:
2365:
2222:
2108:
2080:
2038:
1810:
1755:
1681:
1621:
1559:
1466:
1245:
1232:
1228:
1205:
1204:
was found by A. Boralevi in the Evangelical church, Hâlchiu (Heldsdorf) in
1151:
1113:
1103:
1066:
1043:
1035:
937:
917:
838:
809:
801:
793:
413:
features an "animal carpet" with two opposed birds besides a tree, 1340-50.
304:
255:
208:
103:
4171:
Rocella, Valentina, 'Large-Pattern Holbein Carpets in Italian Paintings',
4039:
The Eastern Carpet in the Western World, From the 15th to the 17th century
2296:
and a giraffe, as well as architectural elements like an ancient Egyptian
1669:, 1663–6, stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, in 1990
1572:
The best known representation of a Medallion Ushak was painted in 1656 by
1231:. The origin of the design thus dates back to pre-Islamic times, probably
1217:
433:
had had commercial relations since 1220. The Medieval trader and traveler
315:
method for the dating of oriental carpets based on Renaissance paintings.
5333:
5127:
5091:
4921:
4845:
4596:
4591:
4524:
4484:
4449:
4389:
4369:
4332:
4272:
4104:, Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2011, 289-307.
2126:
2098:
2014:
2001:
1869:
1826:
1023:
667:
582:
546:
501:
406:
320:
288:
93:
50:
2634:
2062:
1968:
1963:
1844:
showed their skill by depiction of light effects on table-carpets, like
920:
altarpiece of 1488–1490. The "hooked" motif defines a "Memling carpet".
481:
carpets from Egypt are occasionally seen, mostly in Venetian paintings.
5295:
5290:
5258:
5202:
5101:
5096:
5007:
4569:
4559:
4554:
4499:
4464:
4434:
4322:
4267:
3384:(1st ed.). Munich: Verlag Kunst und Antiquitäten. pp. 60–78.
2731:
Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian: the translation of Marsden revised
2333:
s strength and power, by a deliberate echo of the pose of his father's
2214:
1822:
1131:
842:
833:
678:
562:
554:
454:
434:
46:
3699:, by Jan Vermeer (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 89.15.21, p.71, fig. 101
2562:
Proceedings of the Textile Society of America - 12th Biennal Symposium
2086:
1707:
1208:, attributed to Western Anatolia, and dated to the late 15th century.
619:, when he was engaged in his work as a tax-collector, and the life of
484:
One of the first uses of an Oriental carpet in a European painting is
5238:
5152:
4576:
4489:
4479:
4459:
4379:
4118:
Mills, John, 'Early animal carpets in western paintings - a review',
2458:
2090:
2066:
Carpets displayed over windows for a procession in Venice. Detail by
1865:
1454:
Ottoman carpet. Probably Cairo, Egypt. First half of the 17th century
882:
736:, 1523, with a "Bellini" carpet showing the keyhole re-entrant motif.
624:
574:
277:
165:
4208:
The Carpet Index: The Oriental Carpet in Early Renaissance Paintings
3841:
3308:(1 ed.). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 27.
1716:
1697:
866:
223:
197:
5305:
5263:
5192:
5106:
4529:
4444:
4439:
4217:
4125:
Mills, John, 'Small-pattern Holbein carpets in western paintings',
3944:
The lives of the most excellent painters, sculptors, and architects
3593:(1st ed.). Paris: L'Institut du Monde Arabe. 1989. p. 4.
2271:
was sent by the Venetian Senate as a cultural ambassador to Sultan
1524:
1361:
in 1555. Another representation can be found on Ambrosius Frankens
1213:
1147:
1135:
1109:
1004:
These in fact are seen in paintings from many decades earlier than
995:
858:
829:
782:
739:
671:
643:
426:
67:, late 15th to early 16th century, with "re-entrant" keyhole motif.
64:
2787:. Toronto: Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies. p. 295.
5147:
4534:
4384:
4287:
4182:
Born, Robert; Dziewulski, Michael; Messling, Guido, eds. (2015).
3675:
Dimand and Mailey 1973, p 67, illustrating floral Herat rugs in
3266:"17th century Ghirlandaio carpet sold at Christie's 5 April 2011"
2817:
2297:
2218:
1845:
1830:
1763:
1328:
470:
462:
43:
4143:
Mills, John, 'East Mediterranean carpets in western paintings',
4120:
HALI. The International Journal of Oriental Carpets and Textiles
3896:(2nd reprinted ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
490:
Saint Louis of Toulouse Crowning Robert of Anjou, King of Naples
5053:
4906:
4699:
4474:
4424:
4357:
4248:
4157:
Mills, John, 'The 'Bellini', 'Keyhole', or 'Re-entrant' rugs',
4071:
Carpets and their datings in Netherlandish Paintings, 1540–1700
3837:(3rd ed.). Berlin: Deutscher Verein für Kunstwissenschaft.
3297:
3258:
2516:, Azerbaijan Carpet Museum, page 124-125 Accessed: 28. 07. 2013
2479:
1895:. Anatolian "animal-stype" carpet with a more developed design.
1759:
1150:. The type was common and long-lasting, and is also known as "
682:
577:
embarks they are hung over the sides of boats and footbridges.
550:
478:
430:
396:
371:
153:
149:
3457:(1st ed.). Castagnola: The Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection.
3407:
2283:
as part of the peace settlement between Venice and the Turks.
1836:
From the mid-century European direct trade with India brought
1142:, usually in yellow on a red ground, often with blue details.
5086:
5043:
4514:
4342:
2620:. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press.
2374:
a Diet of Princes at Mantua to proclaim a new crusade in 1459
2213:
By the 16th century, Oriental carpets were often depicted in
1779:
1419:
The "Baillet-Latour" Mamluk carpet, Cairo, early 16th century
927:
690:
686:
438:
190:
The Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Jerome and Francis
157:
4150:
Mills, John, 'Near Eastern Carpets in Italian Paintings' in
3206:
3186:
3184:
2586:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2484:. Fresco at the Duomo di Siena, Piccolomini Library, 1502–9.
2184:
Albrecht Dürer, letters from Venice to Willibald Pirckheimer
1982:, 1450. At the bottom, detail of the Virgin's mantle hem in
1355:
Portrait of the Doge of Venice Loredan and his four advisers
3711:
3583:
3168:(3rd ed.). Tübingen: Verlag Ernst Wasmuth. p. 26.
3141:(3rd ed.). Tübingen: Verlag Ernst Wasmuth. p. 25.
3114:(3rd ed.). Tübingen: Verlag Ernst Wasmuth. p. 23.
1546:
1518:"Chequerboard" or Compartment carpets from the 17th century
1331:
design is a well-known feature of Western Gothic ornament.
542:
4057:
Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian Art, 1300-1600
3615:"Medallion Ushak carpet at the Metropolitan Museum of Art"
3330:"19th century Ghirlandaio carpet at the Met Museum of Art"
3022:
King & Sylvester, pp. 14, 26, 57-58. Campbell, p. 189.
4184:
The Sultan's world: The Ottoman Orient in Renaissance art
4129:, Vol. 1 no. 4 (1978), 326-34; 'Three further examples',
3683:(Metropolitan Museum of Art, 17.190.20), p. 67,fig. 94;
3181:
3088:
King & Sylvester, pp. 26-27, 52-57. Campbell, p. 189.
2584:
On painting : a new translation and critical edition
1840:
versions of Persian patterns to Europe. Painters of the
1270:
Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Jerome and Francis
2582:
Alberti, Leon Battista (2011). Sinisgalli, Rocco (ed.).
2145:
about his efforts to buy two carpets for him in Venice:
4186:(1 ed.). Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz Verlag.
3491:
3283:(1st ed.). Munich: Eberhart Herrmann. p. 39.
3201:
Old Ottoman carpets. Type II Holbein or "Lotto" Carpets
545:
or in front of an altar, or down steps in front of the
164:, were used as decorative features in Western European
4181:
3470:
2379:
Precious Oriental carpets were part of the so-called "
1958:, whose sitters had mostly moved on to Persian carpets
808:, there are Bellini carpets, Crivellis, Memlings, and
700:
469:, or possibly European copies of these types from the
4136:
Mills, John, '"Lotto" carpets in western paintings',
2242:
1964:
Perception of Oriental carpets during the Renaissance
1754:
The finely-knotted silk carpets woven in the time of
1339:
940:, who painted several examples of what may have been
3942:
Vasari, Giorgio (2005). Jacks, Philip Joshua (ed.).
3919:
Dutch still-life painting in the seventeenth century
3439:
3437:
3435:
3343:
2796:
Mack, p.75. King & Sylvester, pp. 13, and 49-50.
1952:
Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke with his Family
4010:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts, Volume 1
3281:
Seltene Orientteppiche/Rare Oriental Carpets Vol. X
2057:
1193:
West Anatolian ‘Ghirlandaio’ rug, late 17th century
526:, which parallels a painting by the Sienese artist
457:, and one is shown in a fresco of the 1340s in the
173:carpets represented in datable European paintings.
3894:A worldly art : the Dutch Republic, 1585-1718
3773:
3478:"Ottoman-Cairene carpet in the Met. Museum of Art"
3455:The Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection of Oriental Rugs
3373:
2442:standing on a star Ushak carpet, workshop copy of
278:Origin and limitations of the comparative approach
168:from the 14th century onwards. More depictions of
3871:(1. publ. ed.). : Islamic Art Publications.
3432:
3379:
2825:"Animal carpet at the Metropolitan Museum of Art"
2393:A. D. Wilkonski XII septembris 1683 z pod Wiednia
1972:At the top, detail of the Virgin's mantle hem in
1698:Persian and Anatolian carpets in the 17th century
1290:Similar, but not identical carpets appear in the
1200:A carpet closely related to the 1483 painting by
5356:
4213:Carpets in Western Europe During the Renaissance
3921:(Facsim. ed.). New York: Hacker art books.
3828:
3826:
3664:Oriental Rugs in The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
3367:From Konya to Kokand - Rare Oriental Carpets III
2028:Sacred Ground – or "Christian Oriental Carpets"?
589:at the feet of the Virgin Mary in the 1456–1459
366:features a large carpet with a Chinese-inspired
3349:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
2729:Marsden, William (2010). Wright, Thomas (ed.).
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
437:himself mentioned that the carpets produced at
3272:
2372:convoking, as the Latin inscription explains,
2000:The perception of Oriental carpets during the
1807:Portrait of Constantijn Huyghens and his clerk
1618:Presentation of the ring to the Doge of Venice
4962:Textile Museum (George Washington University)
4233:
3823:
3540:
3497:
2531:Erdmann, Kurt (1970). Erdmann, Hannah (ed.).
2530:
1934:Portrait of Constantijn Huygens and his clerk
3382:Teppiche der Bauern und Nomaden in Anatolien
3380:Brüggemann, Werner; Boehmer, Harald (1982).
3236:
2697:
2695:
2600:
2397:"A. D. Wilkonski, Vienna, 12 September 1683"
2228:. As early as 1533, Hans Holbein's painting
1783:establishing the chronology of the designs.
930:18th century carpet with Memling gul design.
176:
3835:A. Dürer. Schriftlicher Nachlass / Writings
1829:in 1741, posed round a table spread with a
1620:, 1534. The only depiction of a large Star
1508:, 1628, Jan Bruegel and Peter Paul Rubens,
994:Right image: Small-pattern Holbein carpet,
522:. One of these carpets was acquired by the
4240:
4226:
4164:Mills, John, 'The animal rugs revisited',
3891:
3562:
3413:
2713:
2659:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1279:The carpet pattern depicted on van Eyck's
3916:
3800:
3350:Zipper, Kurt; Fritzsche, Claudia (1995).
3013:, about a third of the way down the page.
2692:
2500:
2498:
2004:is characterized by three main aspects:
5281:Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting
4073:. Antique Collectors' Club, Woodbridge,
3970:. Nationalgallery.org.uk. Archived from
3832:
3591:Tapis - Present de l'orient a l'occident
3570:"Star Ushak, Metropolitan Museum of Art"
3364:
3278:
2943:Mack, p.84. King & Sylvester, p. 58.
2302:
2246:
2121:
2103:
2085:
2061:
1967:
1889:Dorothy Cary, later Viscountess Rochford
1547:Large Ushak (star and medallion) carpets
1334:
203:
180:
170:Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting
49:, seen from the top, at the feet of the
4059:, University of California Press, 2001
3847:
3717:
3452:
3212:
3163:
3136:
3109:
2728:
2673:
2640:
2615:
2581:
2533:Seven Hundred Years of Oriental Carpets
2267:In September 1479 the Venetian painter
1591:Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window
1368:After the 1517 Ottoman conquest of the
1310:The main borders of the carpets in the
553:, or rulers, in the manner of a modern
5357:
3941:
3249:
2991:King and Sylvester, pp. 14-16, 56, 58.
2495:
2478:Pius II convokes a Diet of Princes at
1512:, depicting an Ottoman Cairene carpet.
1506:Christ in the House of Martha and Mary
1489:Ottoman Cairene carpet, 16th century,
1401:Christ in the House of Mary and Martha
1179:Madonna and Child enthroned with Saint
1161:
992:, with a small-pattern Holbein carpet.
916:Left image: yellow Oriental carpet in
654:(probably imported through Rome), the
4221:
3809:] (in German). Cologne: Taschen.
3727:(1st ed.). Rome: Verduci Editore
3416:Der Orientteppich/The Oriental Carpet
3303:
3203:. King and Sylvester, pp. 16, 67-70.
2647:. London: H. Sotheran & Co., 1879
2461:standing on a Holbein carpet, c.1547.
1491:Museum für angewandte Kunst Frankfurt
1477:, depicting an Ottoman Cairene carpet
538:, each with a smaller animal inside.
4649:
4247:
3869:Venice, Dürer, and the oriental mode
3866:
3721:Antique Ottoman Rugs in Transylvania
2555:
1357:from 1507. A French master depicted
798:Museum für Islamische Kunst (Berlin)
738:Right image: Re-entrant prayer rug,
4173:Oriental Carpet and Textile Studies
4166:Oriental Carpet and Textile Studies
4152:Oriental Carpet and Textile Studies
4092:Oriental Carpet and Textile Studies
3693:National Gallery of Art, Washington
3232:– via www.transsylvanian rug.
2733:. : Bibliobazaar, Llc. p. 28.
2618:A world art history and its objects
2514:Azerbaijani carpets: Karabakh group
1624:with eight-pointed star medallions.
848:
701:Carpet patterns named after artists
120:, late 14th to early 15th century,
13:
4084:
2383:" (lit.: "Turkish loot") from the
2243:Objects of European self-assertion
1340:Mamluk and Ottoman Cairene carpets
1046:" motifs. The carpet in Holbein's
952:
888:
815:
742:, late 15th to early 16th century.
330:
196:depiction of a pile-woven carpet.
108:Still Life with a Jug with Flowers
14:
5396:
4927:Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)
4201:
4161:, Issue 58 (1991), 86-103, 127-8.
3055:, AuthorHouse, 2009, p.182(344),
2482:to proclaim a new crusade in 1459
2316:Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp
1916:Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp
1819:Portrait of a family making music
1738:" type prayer rug, 17th century,
1727:Portrait of a family making music
1440:Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp
986:Left image: Unknown painter, The
75:Islamic influences on Western art
3662:Maurice Dimand and Jean Mailey,
2805:King & Sylvester, pp. 49-50.
2466:
2451:
2432:
2425:St. Mark Preaching in Alexandria
2413:
2340:Nothing is known about how much
2318:, with an Egyptian Mamluk carpet
2293:St. Mark Preaching at Alexandria
2131:Still life with globe and parrot
2058:Objects of luxury and decoration
2054:Armenian double knot technique.
1944:
1922:
1900:
1877:
1715:
1706:
1674:
1653:
1629:
1606:
1498:
1482:
1459:
1447:
1442:, with an Egyptian Mamluk carpet
1424:
1412:
1186:
1170:
1084:
1075:
1060:
976:
967:
906:
897:
871:Annunciation, with Saint Emidius
781:Right image: "Crivelli" carpet,
761:
752:
718:
709:
638:(Mamluk design from Egypt), the
573:(see gallery); when Carpaccio's
492:, painted in 1316–1319. Another
395:
386:
348:
339:
92:
83:
32:
23:
4967:Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
3985:
3960:
3935:
3910:
3885:
3860:
3794:
3763:King & Sylvester, pp. 22-23
3757:
3748:
3739:
3702:
3669:
3656:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3607:
3553:
3534:
3519:
3510:
3461:
3446:
3398:
3358:
3322:
3193:
3172:
3157:
3145:
3130:
3118:
3103:
3091:
3082:
3073:
3045:
3036:
3024:National Gallery zoomable image
3016:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2850:National Gallery London NG 1317
2838:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2777:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2722:
2704:
1034:Type II: now more often called
785:, late 15th-early 16th century.
262:, which was first described by
5244:Early Anatolian animal carpets
4932:Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna
4140:, Vol. 3 no. 4 (1981), 278-89.
3352:Oriental Rugs Vol. 4 - Turkish
3079:King and Sylvester, pp. 56-57.
2667:
2575:
2549:
2507:
1690:Portrait of Willem de Vlamingh
453:Carpets were also produced in
364:The Marriage of the Foundlings
1:
4952:Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin
4122:, Vol.1 no. 3 (1978), 234-43.
4043:Arts Council of Great Britain
4002:
2239:value and decorative effect.
1791:Portrait of Abraham Graphaeus
1725:Left image: Pieter de Hooch:
1359:The Three De Coligny brothers
1324:Early Netherlandish paintings
832:in 1479) painted examples of
630:The Oriental carpets used in
216:
42:Left image: A "Bellini type"
3850:Europa und der Orientteppich
3833:Rupprich, Hans, ed. (1956).
3369:. Munich: Eberhart Herrmann.
1908:Portrait of Abraham Grapheus
1320:Virgin and Child with Saints
1300:Virgin and Child with Saints
1106:, the other a "para-Mamluk".
777:Annunciation with St Emidius
632:Italian Renaissance painting
441:were the best in the world:
7:
4937:Museum of Islamic Art, Doha
4147:, Vol. 4 no.1 (1981), 53-5.
4133:, Vol. 3 no. 3 (1981), 217.
4094:Vol. V part 1 (1999) 23-29.
3892:Westermann, Mariët (2007).
3854:Europe and the Oriental Rug
3801:Gantzhorn, Volkmar (1998).
3414:Brüggemann, Werner (2007).
3365:Herrmann, Eberhart (1982).
3306:How to Read Islamic Carpets
3279:Herrmann, Eberhart (1988).
2916:King & Sylvester, p. 20
2878:King & Sylvester, p. 14
2814:King & Sylvester, 49-50
2753:King & Sylvester, 10-11
2322:The 1547 depiction of King
1510:National Gallery of Ireland
1244:The Netherlandish painters
520:Chinese cultural revolution
59:Madonna and Child Enthroned
10:
5401:
4977:Victoria and Albert Museum
4917:Metropolitan Museum of Art
4897:Brukenthal National Museum
4892:Dar al Athar al Islamiyyah
3917:Bergström, Ingvar (1983).
3252:Historical Turkish Carpets
3178:King and Sylvester, p. 17.
2261:Victoria and Albert Museum
1803:Portrait of an unknown man
1776:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1768:A Lady playing the Theorbo
1064:
956:
681:, with such motifs as the
532:The Marriage of the Virgin
524:Metropolitan Museum of Art
511:Marriage of the Foundlings
72:
5314:
5231:
5178:
5120:
5072:Ghiordes and Senneh knots
5062:
5031:
5018:Truckmount carpet cleaner
4990:
4947:Museum of Textiles (Lyon)
4874:
4788:
4627:
4255:
4154:, Vol. II (1986), 109-21.
3718:Ionescu, Stefano (2005).
3304:Denny, Walter B. (2014).
3213:Ionescu, Stefano (2004).
3190:King and Sylvester, p. 67
3053:Plague, Weather, and Wool
3042:King and Sylvester, p. 57
2846:"National Gallery London"
1569:pseudo-kufic characters.
1029:Somerset House Conference
989:Somerset House Conference
581:carpets reflect an early
177:Art historical background
63:Right image: Prayer rug,
5138:Madder (Rubia tinctorum)
4882:Azerbaijan Carpet Museum
3643:King & Sylvester, 19
3453:Beattie, May H. (1972).
3000:King & Sylvester, 78
2925:King & Sylvester, 14
2762:King & Sylvester, 17
2710:King & Sylvester, 49
2641:Lessing, Julius (1877).
2489:
2444:Hans Holbein the Younger
2355:Suleiman the Magnificent
1229:the art of Buddhist Asia
875:National Gallery, London
122:Azerbaijan Carpet Museum
5208:DOBAG Carpet Initiative
3526:"The Sala delle Dame".
3250:Yetkin, Serare (1981).
2616:Carrier, David (2008).
2042:illuminated manuscripts
1979:Saint Louis de Toulouse
1740:National Museum, Warsaw
1731:Cleveland Museum of Art
1398:Jan Brueghel the Elders
1096:The Alms of St. Anthony
881:enforcement of Islamic
796:, once Director of the
534:, 1423. It shows large
494:Anatolian animal carpet
192:(detail), 1457, with a
5218:Savonnerie manufactory
5213:A & M Karagheusian
4957:Saint Louis Art Museum
4175:Vol. VI (2001), 68-73.
4168:Vol. VI (2001), 46-51.
3968:"The Sultan Mehmet II"
3848:Erdmann, Kurt (1962).
3697:Woman with a Water Jug
3689:Philippe de Champaigne
3685:Portrait of Omer Talon
3677:A Visit to the Nursery
3404:King and Sylvester, 20
3164:Erdmann, Kurt (1965).
3137:Erdmann, Kurt (1965).
3110:Erdmann, Kurt (1965).
2674:Erdmann, Kurt (1977).
2405:
2319:
2264:
2193:A very common type of
2187:
2134:
2119:
2101:
2071:
1997:
1177:Domenico Ghirlandaio:
1118:Saint Louis Art Museum
936:These are named after
451:
227:
201:
4972:Turkmen Carpet Museum
4887:Carpet Museum of Iran
3995:by Jane Fawcett p.156
3867:Raby, Julian (1982).
3215:"Transsylvanian Tale"
3100:, see also last note.
2389:
2306:
2250:
2236:anamorphic projection
2234:prominently shows an
2147:
2143:Willibald Pirckheimer
2125:
2113:Merrymakers in an Inn
2107:
2089:
2065:
1971:
1386:Adriaen van der Venne
1353:is Giovanni Bellinis
1335:Specific carpet types
1212:woven in the Western
1108:Right image: Western
443:
411:Virgin Mary and Child
295:, and his successors
264:Leon Battista Alberti
207:
184:
16:Aspect of art history
5143:Indigofera tinctoria
5013:Hot water extraction
4801:Sir Francis Crossley
4113:Carpets in Paintings
3708:Ydema 1991, p. 48–51
3634:Ydema 1991, p. 39–45
3516:Ydema 1991, p. 21–25
3467:Ydema 1991, p. 19–20
2982:King & Sylvester
2556:Bier, Carol (2010).
2324:Edward VI of England
2273:Mehmed the Conqueror
1868:manner. A number of
1222:Divriği Great Mosque
1202:Domenico Ghirlandaio
650:(North Africa), the
136:origin, either from
110:, late 15th century.
61:, late 15th century.
5329:Armenian Orphan Rug
5003:Dry carpet cleaning
4942:Museo Poldi Pezzoli
4816:Arshag Karagheusian
4811:Arthur T. Gregorian
4109:Carpets in Pictures
3152:Old Ottoman carpets
3125:Old Ottoman carpets
3098:Old Ottoman carpets
2971:Old Turkish carpets
2251:Portrait of Sultan
2169:(8 September 1506)
2095:The way you hear it
1821:depicts an Ottoman
1405:Moretto da Brescias
1378:Ludovicus Finsonius
1162:Ghirlandaio carpets
592:San Zeno Altarpiece
506:Domenico di Bartolo
360:Domenico di Bartolo
5315:Notable individual
5301:Transylvanian rugs
5232:Carpets in culture
5170:Dyes in Uzbekistan
5158:Armenian cochineal
4055:Mack, Rosamond E.
4008:Campbell, Gordon.
3782:. 19 February 2011
3695:, p.70, fig. 98);
3029:2009-05-07 at the
2342:Ambrosius Francken
2320:
2308:Ambrosius Francken
2265:
2135:
2120:
2117:Walters Art Museum
2102:
2072:
1998:
1989:Virgin of Humility
1645:(detail), 1662–5,
1432:Ambrosius Francken
1390:Geckie met de Kous
609:Arnolfini Portrait
536:confronted animals
260:linear perspective
228:
202:
5352:
5351:
5344:Coronation Carpet
5223:Ziegler & Co.
5188:Axminster Carpets
4866:Charles T. Yerkes
4841:Arthur Upham Pope
4033:King, Donald and
4026:978-0-19-518948-3
3745:Ydema 1991, p. 51
3559:Ydema 1991, p. 43
3530:(200): 208. 2019.
3443:Ydema, 1991, p. 9
3425:978-3-89500-563-3
3315:978-1-58839-540-5
3199:Cambell, p. 189.
3069:978-1-4389-5187-4
3051:Todd Richardson,
2179:(13 October 1506)
2159:(18 August 1506)
2141:tells his friend
2068:Vittore Carpaccio
2046:Armenian genocide
1686:Nikolaas Verkolje
1647:Buckingham Palace
1541:The musical party
1394:Peter Paul Rubens
1374:conquest of Egypt
1285:Khirbat al-Mafjar
1116:", 16th century,
839:Ushak prayer rugs
567:Vittore Carpaccio
559:Coronation Carpet
528:Gregorio di Cecco
500:Most carpets use
252:Venetian painters
226:Museum, Frankfurt
200:Museum, Frankfurt
5392:
5375:Rugs and carpets
5286:Pictorial carpet
5163:Polish cochineal
5065:and installation
4856:Wilhelm von Bode
4796:James F. Ballard
4249:Rugs and carpets
4242:
4235:
4228:
4219:
4218:
4197:
4045:, London, 1983,
4035:Sylvester, David
3997:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3777:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3673:
3667:
3660:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3430:
3429:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3247:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3219:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3179:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3020:
3014:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2788:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2658:
2650:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2613:
2598:
2597:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2528:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2470:
2455:
2436:
2417:
2403:
2359:besieging Vienna
2314:, 16th century,
2205:, the so-called
2199:Dutch Golden Age
2185:
2076:Piazza San Marco
2051:Hermitage Museum
1974:Antonio Vivarini
1956:Anthony van Dyck
1948:
1938:National Gallery
1930:Thomas de Keyser
1926:
1904:
1881:
1854:Royal Collection
1842:Dutch Golden Age
1815:Pieter de Hoochs
1799:Thomas de Keyser
1787:Anthony van Dyck
1719:
1710:
1678:
1661:Johannes Vermeer
1657:
1642:The Music Lesson
1637:Johannes Vermeer
1633:
1610:
1585:The Music Lesson
1576:in his painting
1535:, as well as on
1502:
1486:
1473:. 17th century,
1471:The Annunciation
1463:
1451:
1438:, 16th century,
1428:
1416:
1382:The Annunciation
1370:Mamluk Sultanate
1318:, as well as in
1296:Dresden triptych
1261:Dresden Triptych
1190:
1174:
1088:
1079:
1052:is of this type.
980:
971:
942:Armenian carpets
910:
901:
849:Crivelli carpets
824:and his brother
822:Giovanni Bellini
765:
756:
734:Husband and Wife
722:
713:
459:Palais des Papes
399:
390:
352:
343:
325:James F. Ballard
293:Wilhelm von Bode
241:Virgin and Child
221:
218:
96:
87:
36:
27:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5365:Renaissance art
5355:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5316:
5310:
5227:
5174:
5116:
5064:
5058:
5027:
4998:Carpet cleaning
4986:
4870:
4851:Friedrich Sarre
4836:George H. Myers
4784:
4623:
4612:Uzbek Napramach
4251:
4246:
4204:
4194:
4087:
4085:Further reading
4005:
4000:
3993:Historic floors
3990:
3986:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3865:
3861:
3846:
3842:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3674:
3670:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3433:
3426:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3378:
3374:
3363:
3359:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3277:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3248:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3031:Wayback Machine
3021:
3017:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2888:Carpaccio image
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2778:
2771:Mack, p.74-75.
2770:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2672:
2668:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2614:
2601:
2594:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2529:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2471:
2462:
2456:
2447:
2437:
2428:
2421:Gentile Bellini
2418:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2385:siege of Vienna
2335:famous portrait
2312:The Last Supper
2269:Gentile Bellini
2257:Gentile Bellini
2245:
2231:The Ambassadors
2203:Flemish Baroque
2186:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2060:
2030:
1966:
1959:
1949:
1940:
1927:
1918:
1912:Cornelis de Vos
1905:
1896:
1882:
1795:Cornelis de Vos
1772:Gerard Terborch
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1693:
1679:
1670:
1658:
1649:
1634:
1625:
1611:
1566:Medallion Ushak
1549:
1529:Pietro Paolinis
1520:
1513:
1503:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1475:Museo del Prado
1464:
1455:
1452:
1443:
1436:The Last Supper
1429:
1420:
1417:
1363:The Last Supper
1342:
1337:
1266:Petrus Christus
1242:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1164:
1152:Arabesque Ushak
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1107:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1069:
1063:
1049:The Ambassadors
1027:(1532), or the
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:, 16th century.
993:
983:
982:
981:
973:
972:
961:
955:
953:Holbein carpets
934:
933:
932:
931:
925:
913:
912:
911:
903:
902:
891:
889:Memling carpets
865:of 1482 in the
851:
818:
816:Bellini carpets
806:Holbein carpets
789:
788:
787:
786:
780:
768:
767:
766:
758:
757:
746:
745:
744:
743:
737:
725:
724:
723:
715:
714:
703:
597:Andrea Mantegna
571:Gentile Bellini
475:Persian carpets
448:
419:
418:
417:
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401:
400:
392:
391:
380:
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375:
355:
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333:
331:Characteristics
297:Friedrich Sarre
280:
237:Petrus Christus
219:
186:Petrus Christus
179:
162:Northern Africa
127:
126:
125:
124:
118:Karabakh school
111:
99:
98:
97:
89:
88:
77:
71:
70:
69:
68:
62:
55:Gentile Bellini
39:
38:
37:
29:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5398:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5324:Ardabil Carpet
5320:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
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5235:
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5229:
5228:
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5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5198:Cormar Carpets
5195:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
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5167:
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5023:Vacuum cleaner
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5000:
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4959:
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4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4912:Mevlana Museum
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
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4853:
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4838:
4833:
4831:William Morris
4828:
4826:Julius Lessing
4823:
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4808:
4803:
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4230:
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4203:
4202:External links
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3953:978-0375760365
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3928:978-0878172795
3927:
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3903:978-0300107234
3902:
3884:
3878:978-0856671623
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3765:
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3666:p. 60, fig.83.
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2740:978-1142126261
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2627:978-0271034157
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2412:
2399:
2329:fidei defensor
2281:Constantinople
2244:
2241:
2195:genre painting
2181:
2139:Albrecht Dürer
2097:, circa 1665,
2059:
2056:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2010:
1984:Jacopo Bellini
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1943:
1941:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1885:William Larkin
1883:
1876:
1817:1663 painting
1749:William Larkin
1734:Right image: "
1724:
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1537:Gabriël Metsus
1519:
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1305:Mevlana Museum
1241:
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1192:
1185:
1184:
1176:
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1168:
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1163:
1160:
1112:knotted wool "
1093:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:Main article:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1039:
1032:
985:
984:
975:
974:
966:
965:
964:
963:
962:
959:Holbein carpet
957:Main article:
954:
951:
915:
914:
905:
904:
896:
895:
894:
893:
892:
890:
887:
854:Carlo Crivelli
850:
847:
817:
814:
773:Carlo Crivelli
770:
769:
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749:
748:
747:
727:
726:
717:
716:
708:
707:
706:
705:
704:
702:
699:
660:Ottoman Empire
587:Turkish carpet
486:Simone Martini
467:Ottoman Empire
423:Seljuks of Rum
404:
403:
394:
393:
385:
384:
383:
382:
381:
374:pattern, 1440.
357:
356:
347:
346:
338:
337:
336:
335:
334:
332:
329:
307:developed the
284:Julius Lessing
279:
276:
178:
175:
134:Middle-Eastern
101:
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41:
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2:
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5360:
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5340:
5339:Bahar-e Kasra
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
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5319:
5313:
5307:
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5180:Manufacturers
5177:
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5156:
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5133:Synthetic dye
5131:
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5119:
5113:
5112:Warp and weft
5110:
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4902:Kidderminster
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4867:
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4861:Thomas Whitty
4859:
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4854:
4852:
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4842:
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4821:Latif Karimov
4819:
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4607:Uzbek Julkhyr
4605:
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4550:Shahsevan rug
4548:
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4353:Shabalyt-Buta
4351:
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4110:
4107:Mills, John,
4106:
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4099:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4079:1-85149-151-1
4076:
4072:
4069:Ydema, Onno:
4068:
4066:
4065:0-520-22131-1
4062:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4051:0-7287-0362-9
4048:
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4040:
4036:
4032:
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4019:
4018:0-19-518948-5
4015:
4011:
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3996:
3994:
3988:
3974:on 2007-08-26
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3816:3-8228-0397-9
3812:
3808:
3804:
3797:
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3751:
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3723:
3722:
3714:
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3698:
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3682:
3681:Gabriel Metsu
3678:
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3600:9782906062283
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2898:Mack, p.73-93
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2309:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2207:Merry Company
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1995:
1994:Louvre Museum
1991:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1893:Kenwood House
1890:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1737:
1736:Transylvanian
1732:
1728:
1718:
1709:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1614:Paris Bordone
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1579:The Procuress
1575:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:Ushak carpets
1556:
1552:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:Self portrait
1530:
1526:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1422:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:Mamluk carpet
1348:
1347:Thomas Wolsey
1332:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:Lucca Madonna
1313:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:Lucca Madonna
1288:
1286:
1282:
1281:Paele Madonna
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1256:Lucca Madonna
1253:
1252:
1251:Paele Madonna
1247:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1189:
1180:
1173:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:Lorenzo Lotto
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1100:Lorenzo Lotto
1097:
1087:
1078:
1068:
1061:Lotto carpets
1054:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:Lotto carpets
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1010:Anatolian rug
1007:
997:
991:
990:
979:
970:
960:
950:
948:
947:René of Anjou
943:
939:
929:
926:Right image:
923:
922:Louvre Museum
919:
909:
900:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
846:
844:
840:
835:
831:
828:(who visited
827:
823:
813:
811:
810:Lotto carpets
807:
803:
799:
795:
784:
778:
774:
764:
755:
741:
735:
731:
730:Lorenzo Lotto
721:
712:
698:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
646:region), the
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
621:Saint Eligius
618:
617:
611:
610:
604:
602:
598:
594:
593:
588:
584:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:
507:
503:
498:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:Islamic Spain
450:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
412:
408:
398:
389:
373:
369:
365:
361:
351:
342:
328:
326:
322:
316:
314:
312:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
275:
273:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
244:
242:
238:
232:
225:
214:
213:Lucca Madonna
210:
206:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
123:
119:
115:
112:Right image:
109:
105:
95:
86:
76:
66:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
35:
26:
5280:
5276:Magic carpet
5269:Tree of life
5254:Kilim motifs
5077:Knot density
4806:Kurt Erdmann
4582:Scandinavian
4328:Gasimushaghi
4183:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4091:
4070:
4056:
4038:
4029:Google books
4009:
3992:
3987:
3976:. Retrieved
3972:the original
3962:
3943:
3937:
3918:
3912:
3893:
3887:
3868:
3862:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3834:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3779:
3768:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3720:
3713:
3704:
3696:
3684:
3676:
3671:
3663:
3658:
3648:
3639:
3630:
3618:. Retrieved
3609:
3590:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3564:
3555:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3527:
3521:
3512:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3481:. Retrieved
3472:
3463:
3454:
3448:
3415:
3409:
3400:
3381:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3351:
3345:
3333:. Retrieved
3324:
3305:
3299:
3280:
3274:
3260:
3251:
3226:. Retrieved
3221:
3208:
3195:
3174:
3165:
3159:
3147:
3138:
3132:
3120:
3111:
3105:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3052:
3047:
3038:
3018:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2978:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2853:. Retrieved
2849:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2819:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2730:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2675:
2669:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2617:
2583:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2561:
2551:
2532:
2509:
2477:
2474:Pinturicchio
2424:
2406:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2373:
2370:Pope Pius II
2366:Pinturicchio
2363:
2345:
2339:
2337:by Holbein.
2327:
2321:
2311:
2292:
2290:
2266:
2229:
2223:Ecclesiastes
2212:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2133:, circa 1658
2130:
2112:
2109:Simon de Vos
2094:
2081:pseudo-kufic
2073:
2035:
2031:
2023:
1999:
1987:
1977:
1951:
1933:
1907:
1888:
1858:
1850:Music Lesson
1849:
1835:
1818:
1811:Transylvania
1806:
1802:
1790:
1785:
1767:
1756:Shah Abbas I
1753:
1746:
1726:
1689:
1664:
1640:
1622:Ushak carpet
1617:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1540:
1532:
1531:(1603−1681)
1521:
1505:
1470:
1467:Louis Finson
1435:
1400:
1389:
1381:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1343:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:Jan van Eyck
1243:
1226:
1210:
1206:Transylvania
1199:
1181:, circa 1483
1178:
1156:
1144:
1132:Aegean coast
1125:
1114:Lotto carpet
1104:Lotto carpet
1095:
1094:Left image:
1067:Lotto carpet
1047:
1038:- see below.
1022:Portrait of
1021:
1003:
987:
949:about 1460.
938:Hans Memling
935:
918:Hans Memling
870:
863:Annunciation
862:
852:
819:
794:Kurt Erdmann
790:
776:
771:Left image:
733:
728:Left image:
695:
676:
663:
655:
651:
647:
639:
635:
629:
623:, who was a
613:
607:
605:
590:
579:
540:
531:
509:
499:
489:
483:
452:
445:
444:
420:
410:
405:Left image:
363:
358:Left image:
317:
308:
305:Kurt Erdmann
301:Ernst Kühnel
281:
268:
256:Quattrocento
249:
245:
240:
233:
229:
212:
209:Jan van Eyck
189:
169:
128:
114:Mugan carpet
107:
104:Hans Memling
102:Left image:
58:
5385:Islamic art
5380:Orientalism
5370:Iconography
5334:Badding Rug
5128:Natural dye
5092:Rug hooking
5063:Manufacture
4922:Miho Museum
4846:Alois Riegl
4665:Bessarabian
4365:Bessarabian
4318:Demirchilar
4278:Azerbaijani
3731:7 September
3506:(1): 39–40.
2952:Mack, p.85.
2381:Türkenbeute
2346:Last Supper
2127:Pieter Boel
2099:Mauritshuis
2002:Renaissance
1870:Orientalist
1862:Savonneries
1827:Robert Feke
1805:(1626) and
1692:, 1690–1700
1666:The Concert
1597:The Concert
1380:' painting
1024:Georg Gisze
834:prayer rugs
679:prayer rugs
648:barbareschi
614:Calling of
583:Orientalist
563:balustrades
547:Virgin Mary
516:animal rugs
425:in eastern
407:Lippo Memmi
321:Renaissance
289:Islamic art
220: 1430
51:Virgin Mary
5359:Categories
5296:Red carpet
5291:Prayer rug
5259:Elibelinde
5203:Dilmaghani
5102:Tack strip
5097:Rug making
5008:Floorcloth
4680:Chiprovtsi
4003:References
3978:2013-09-17
3009:One shown
2961:Mack, p.90
2934:Mack, p.77
2907:Mack, p.67
2869:Mack, p.76
2719:Mack, p.74
2701:Mack, p.75
2440:Henry VIII
2215:still life
2115:, 1630–9,
2017:or vanity.
2015:profligacy
1891:, 1614–8,
1823:prayer rug
1555:Star Ushak
1258:, and the
1216:region of
843:Tintoretto
668:Circassian
662:) and the
656:turcheschi
640:damaschini
601:see detail
555:red carpet
435:Marco Polo
272:influences
215:(detail),
73:See also:
47:prayer rug
5239:Eagle rug
5153:Cochineal
4675:Caucasian
4645:Axminster
4460:Bakshaish
4455:Bakhtiari
4420:Pakistani
4375:Catalogne
4308:Caucasian
4293:Arraiolos
3780:The Times
3620:30 August
3483:27 August
3224:(137): 53
2655:cite book
2649:. Berlin.
2567:27 August
2459:Edward VI
2446:, c.1530.
2427:, c. 1507
2253:Mehmet II
2091:Jan Steen
1866:painterly
1539:painting
1248:, in his
1233:Yuan time
1218:Çanakkale
1214:Anatolian
1148:palmettes
1140:arabesque
883:aniconism
672:Caucasian
664:simiscasa
636:cagiarini
625:goldsmith
575:St Ursula
311:ante quem
282:In 1871,
266:in 1435.
194:realistic
166:paintings
156:state of
5306:War rugs
5264:Evil eye
5193:Brintons
5107:Underlay
4991:Cleaning
4710:Karabakh
4685:Crivelli
4670:Bradford
4640:Armenian
4587:Seychour
4545:Seraband
4495:Karadagh
4470:Borujerd
4415:Oriental
4395:Kashmiri
4338:Karabakh
4303:Borchaly
4283:Absheron
3691:, 1649 (
3549:(1): 40.
3027:Archived
2400:—
2368:depicts
2279:capital
2263:, London
2226:1:2;12:8
2182:—
2151:federen.
2039:Armenian
1992:, 1440.
1936:, 1627,
1914:, 1620,
1729:, 1663,
1525:Damascus
1392:, 1630.
1136:Anatolia
1110:Anatolia
1014:lozenges
996:Anatolia
859:Budapest
830:Istanbul
783:Anatolia
740:Anatolia
652:rhodioti
644:Damascus
427:Anatolia
138:Anatolia
65:Anatolia
5317:carpets
5148:Carmine
5032:Fabrics
4770:Turkish
4765:Swedish
4745:Persian
4735:Memling
4725:Lilihan
4720:Holbein
4660:Bergama
4650:Bellini
4635:Arabian
4628:Carpets
4597:Turkmen
4592:Tibetan
4565:Varamin
4525:Mashhad
4520:Kurdish
4505:Kashmar
4485:Isfahan
4450:Ardabil
4430:Persian
4400:Lilihan
4390:Flokati
4385:Dhurrie
4370:Braided
4288:Aghajly
4273:Alcaraz
4263:Arabian
4115:, 1983.
3575:11 July
3335:16 June
3228:22 June
2973:website
2855:12 July
2830:12 July
2298:obelisk
2277:Ottoman
2275:'s new
2219:vanitas
2197:of the
1848:in his
1846:Vermeer
1831:Bergama
1764:Isfahan
1574:Vermeer
1493:St. 136
1329:trefoil
1274:realism
1268:in his
1031:(1608).
1006:Holbein
879:Ottoman
873:in the
861:. The
826:Gentile
685:or the
616:Matthew
502:Islamic
471:Balkans
463:Avignon
429:, whom
368:phoenix
254:of the
146:Armenia
130:Carpets
44:Islamic
5054:Soumak
5039:Frieze
4982:Wilton
4907:Louvre
4875:Places
4789:People
4760:Sarouk
4705:Hereke
4700:Gabbeh
4695:Fitted
4690:Ersari
4655:Berber
4570:Zanjan
4560:Tabriz
4555:Shiraz
4540:Sarouk
4510:Kerman
4500:Kashan
4475:Gabbeh
4465:Bidjar
4435:Abadeh
4425:Petate
4410:Navajo
4405:Mughal
4358:Shedde
4268:Afghan
4190:
4077:
4063:
4049:
4024:
4016:
3950:
3925:
3900:
3875:
3813:
3786:7 July
3597:
3422:
3388:
3312:
3287:
3067:
3059:
2737:
2682:
2624:
2590:
2539:
2480:Mantua
2350:nimbus
2285:Vasari
2070:, 1507
2009:power.
1838:Mughal
1797:, and
1760:Kashan
1594:, and
1298:, and
1264:, and
1056:scale.
867:Städel
683:mihrab
551:saints
479:Mamluk
431:Venice
372:dragon
303:, and
224:Städel
198:Städel
154:Mamluk
152:, the
150:Levant
142:Persia
5087:Rubia
5044:Jajim
4780:Yomut
4775:Ushak
4750:Pirot
4740:Milas
4730:Lotto
4715:Konya
4619:Yürük
4602:Uzbek
4515:Kilim
4490:Jozan
4480:Heriz
4380:Chobi
4343:Kilim
4323:Ganja
4298:Arran
4037:eds.
3852:[
3805:[
3725:(PDF)
3687:, by
3653:p.59.
3218:(PDF)
2773:Image
2490:Notes
1954:, by
1833:rug.
1780:Herat
1312:Paele
928:Konya
820:Both
691:Islam
687:Kaaba
439:Konya
370:-and-
158:Egypt
53:, in
5121:Dyes
5082:Pile
5049:Shag
4755:Quba
4530:Nain
4445:Arak
4440:Ahar
4348:Quba
4313:Chul
4256:Rugs
4188:ISBN
4159:HALI
4145:HALI
4138:HALI
4131:HALI
4127:HALI
4075:ISBN
4061:ISBN
4047:ISBN
4022:ISBN
4014:ISBN
3948:ISBN
3923:ISBN
3898:ISBN
3873:ISBN
3811:ISBN
3788:2015
3733:2015
3622:2015
3595:ISBN
3577:2015
3543:Hali
3528:Hali
3500:Hali
3485:2015
3420:ISBN
3386:ISBN
3337:2015
3310:ISBN
3285:ISBN
3230:2015
3222:HALI
3065:ISBN
3057:ISBN
3011:here
2857:2015
2832:2015
2735:ISBN
2680:ISBN
2661:link
2622:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2569:2015
2537:ISBN
2357:was
2201:and
1762:and
1684:and
1396:and
1314:and
543:dais
5249:Gul
4577:Rya
4535:Qom
4333:Jek
3679:by
2255:by
1986:'s
1976:'s
1910:by
1887:'s
1801:'s
1793:by
1770:by
1758:at
1682:Jan
1388:in
1154:".
1134:of
1098:by
1044:gul
802:gul
775:'s
732:'s
674:).
670:or
603:).
595:by
569:or
549:or
508:'s
488:'s
409:'s
362:'s
239:'s
160:or
132:of
106:'s
57:'s
5361::
4041:,
4020:,
3825:^
3778:.
3545:.
3504:IV
3502:.
3434:^
3238:^
3220:.
3183:^
3063:,
2848:.
2694:^
2657:}}
2653:{{
2602:^
2560:.
2521:^
2497:^
2476::
2423::
2310::
2259:.
2129:,
2111:,
2093:,
1932::
1751:.
1688:,
1663:,
1639:,
1616:,
1588:,
1543:.
1469:,
1434:,
1294:,
1287:.
1254:,
885:.
693:.
530:,
461:,
299:,
291::
222:.
217:c.
211:,
188:,
148:,
144:,
140:,
116:,
4241:e
4234:t
4227:v
4196:.
3981:.
3956:.
3931:.
3906:.
3881:.
3819:.
3790:.
3735:.
3624:.
3603:.
3579:.
3547:4
3487:.
3428:.
3394:.
3339:.
3318:.
3293:.
3268:.
2859:.
2834:.
2743:.
2688:.
2663:)
2630:.
2596:.
2571:.
2545:.
2331:'
1996:.
1852:(
1774:(
1120:.
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924:.
666:(
658:(
642:(
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313:"
309:"
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