Origins of the Cold War

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entirely responsible for the onset of the conflict, he argues that the Soviets should be held at least slightly more accountable for the problems. According to Gaddis, Stalin was in a much better position to compromise than his Western counterparts, given his much broader power within his own regime than Truman, who had to contend with Congress and was often undermined by vociferous political opposition at home. Asking if it were possible to predict if the wartime alliance would fall apart within a matter of months, leaving in its place nearly a half century of cold war, Gaddis wrote in a 1997 essay, "Geography, demography, and tradition contributed to this outcome but did not determine it. It took men, responding unpredictably to circumstances, to forge the chain of causation; and it took in particular, responding predictably to his own authoritarian, paranoid, and

870:, the Allies attempted to define the framework for a postwar settlement in Europe. The Allies could not reach firm agreements on the crucial questions: the occupation of Germany, postwar reparations from Germany, and the fate of Poland. No final consensus was reached on Germany, other than to agree to a Soviet request for reparations totaling $ 10 billion "as a basis for negotiations". Debates over the composition of Poland's postwar government were also acrimonious. The Yalta Conference ended with "a declaration on liberated Europe pledging respect for democratic forms and providing a diplomatic mechanism for constituting a generally acceptable Polish government". 878: 40: 1606:. The Soviet Union was quite weak across Latin America. Not until the late 1950s did Moscow achieve diplomatic or commercial relationships with most Latin American countries., Before then it had only two trade agreements (with Argentina and Mexico). The communist movements that had existed in Brazil and elsewhere in the 1930s had been disbanded or outlawed. Washington exaggerated the dangers, and decided on a preemptive attack against a possible communist threat. It sought anti-communist resolutions at the annual meetings of the 1009: 743: 1034:. This only became known about in 1953 when Churchill published his memoirs. Resis' research illustrates that Roosevelt was well aware of this agreement but only gave conditional support to Churchill after receiving updated information regarding the talks; however, prior to the meeting Roosevelt had informed Stalin that "in this global war, there is no question, political or military, that the United States is not interested" and as such, the 4th October 1944 is arguably the day the Cold War started. 1992:" was popularized in 1947, there has been extensive disagreement in many political and scholarly discourses on what exactly were the sources of postwar tensions. In the American historiography, there has been disagreement as to who was responsible for the quick unraveling of the wartime alliance between 1945 and 1947, and on whether the conflict between the two superpowers was inevitable or could have been avoided. Discussion of these questions has centered in large part on the works of 8162: 8875: 714:, due to its strategic position at the entrance to the Baltic. When the local German commander insisted on surrendering to the Western Allies, as did German forces in the rest of Denmark, the Soviets bombed the island, causing heavy casualties and damage among a civilian population which was only lightly touched throughout the war, and then invaded the island and occupied it until mid-1946—all of which can be considered as initial moves in the Cold War. 801: 1572:

expandable peacetime military establishment, keeping large military forces in conquered regions of Eastern Europe, and cloaking these forces within the political guise of an alliance (the Warsaw Pact), Which could contend with NATO on a multilateral basis. The major thrust of Soviet military strategy was to possess a conventional military force whose offensive capabilities could check Western nuclear and conventional military power.

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world. Whereas the US was a liberal, two-party democracy with an advanced capitalist economy, based on free enterprise and profit-making, the USSR was a one-party Marxist–Leninist State with a state-controlled economy where private wealth was all but outlawed. Nevertheless, the origins of the Cold War should also be seen as a historical episode that demarcated the spheres of interests of the United States and the Soviet Union.

5071: 528: 1489:) As Byrnes admitted one month later, "The nub of our program was to win the German people it was a battle between us and Russia over minds ...". Because of the increasing costs of food imports to avoid mass-starvation in Germany, and with the danger of losing the entire nation to communism, the US government abandoned the Morgenthau plan in September 1946 with 699:

Russians: the Soviet Union suffered unprecedented devastation as a result of the Nazi onslaught, and over 20 million Soviet citizens died during the war; tens of thousands of Soviet cities, towns, and villages were leveled; and 30,100 Soviet factories were destroyed. In order to prevent a similar assault in the future, Stalin was determined to use the

948:, who on April 12 succeeded to the office upon Roosevelt's death. Truman was unaware of Roosevelt's plans for post-war engagement with the Soviet Union, and more generally uninformed about foreign policy and military matters. The new president, therefore, was initially reliant on a set of advisers (including Ambassador to the Soviet Union 1939:. There—in the camp of capitalism—national enmity and inequality, colonial slavery, and chauvinism, national oppression and pogroms, imperialist brutalities and wars. Here —in the camp of socialism —mutual confidence and peace, national freedom and equality, a dwelling together in peace and the brotherly collaboration of peoples. 2029:

and its allies. From this view, the Soviet Union was so weak and devastated after the end of the Second World War as to be unable to pose any serious threat to the US, which emerged after 1945 as the sole world power not economically devastated by the war, and also as the sole possessor of the atomic bomb until 1949.

991:. Stalin was also outraged by the actual dropping of the bombs, calling them a “superbarbarity” and claiming that “the balance has been destroyed ... That cannot be”. The Truman administration intended to use its ongoing nuclear weapons program to pressure the Soviet Union in international relations. 1228:(PCR) employed widespread intimidation tactics and electoral fraud to obtain 80 percent of the vote and, thereafter, eliminated the role of the centrist parties and forced mergers, the result of which was that, by 1948, most non-Communist politicians were either executed, in exile or in prison. In the 2016:

such as Williams, however, placed responsibility for the breakdown of postwar peace mostly on the US, citing a range of US efforts to isolate and confront the Soviet Union well before the end of World War II. According to Williams and later writers influenced by his work—such as LaFeber, author

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in 1941, British distrust of the revolutionary and regicidal Bolsheviks resulted in domestic, foreign, and colonial policies aimed at resisting the spread of communism. This conflict after 1945 took on new battlefields, new weapons, new players, and a greater intensity, but it was still fundamentally

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Soviet power, unlike that of Hitlerite Germany, is neither schematic nor adventuristic. It does not work by fixed plans. It does not take unnecessary risks. Impervious to logic of reason, and it is highly sensitive to logic of force. For this reason it can easily withdraw—and usually does when strong

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This would also require US economic and political leadership of the postwar world. Europe needed the US's assistance if it was to rebuild its domestic production and finance its international trade. The US was the only world power not economically devastated by the fighting. By the end of the war, it

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Both sides, moreover, held very dissimilar ideas regarding the establishment and maintenance of post-war security. The Americans tended to understand security in situational terms, assuming that, if US-style governments and markets were established as widely as possible, countries could resolve their

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officially recognized the Soviet Union. The long delay was caused by Moscow's repudiation of Tsarist-era debts, the undemocratic nature of the Soviet government, and its threats to overthrow capitalism using local Communist Parties. By 1933 these issues had faded and the opportunity for greater trade

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Bolshevism was not a geopolitical menace. After World War II, in contrast, the Soviet Union was a superpower that combined ideological antagonism with the kind of geopolitical threat posed by Germany and Japan in the Second World War. Even with more amicable relations in the 1920s, it is conceivable

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was supported in 1947 by both the Soviet Union and the United States. Both countries promptly Recognize the independent state of Israel in 1948. The Soviet Union later broke with Israel to support its Arab enemies. The region was more of an independent trouble zone rather than a playing field of the

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where they had American protection. Stalin had long supported Chiang Kai-shek, while also giving some help to the Communists. The United States had tried in 1945–1948 to bring the Nationalists and Communists together in a coalition, but had no success. The conflict was not therefore part of the Cold

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Having lost 20 million people in the war, suffered German invasion twice in 30 years, and suffered tens of millions of casualties from onslaughts from the West three times in the preceding 150 years, the Soviet Union was determined to destroy Germany's capacity for another war. This was in alignment

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Williams and LaFeber also dismissed the assumption that Soviet leaders were committed to postwar "expansionism". They cited evidence that Soviet Union's occupation of Eastern Europe had a defensive rationale, and Soviet leaders saw themselves as attempting to avoid encirclement by the United States

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Kennan's cable was hailed in the State Department as "the appreciation of the situation that had long been needed." Kennan himself attributed the enthusiastic reception to timing: "Six months earlier the message would probably have been received in the State Department with raised eyebrows and lips

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and by "relinquishing much of Russia's food supply, industrial base, fuel supplies, and communications with Western Europe". According to historian Spencer Tucker, the Allies felt that "The treaty was the ultimate betrayal of the Allied cause and sowed the seeds for the Cold War. With Brest-Litovsk

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Militarily, the Soviets considered themselves threatened by, first, the United States's atomic monopoly (broken in 1949) and, second, by the emergence of United States dominated military alliances, the most menacing of which was NATO. The Soviet Union responded strategically by preserving a large,

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was the first Allied conference in which Stalin was present. At the conference the Soviets expressed frustration that the Western Allies had not yet opened a second front against Germany in Western Europe. In Tehran, the Allies also considered the political status of Iran. At the time, the British

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During the war, both sides disagreed on military strategy, especially the question of the opening of a second front against Germany in Western Europe. As early as July 1941, Stalin asked Britain to invade northern France, but Britain was in no position to carry out such a request. Stalin had also

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Gaddis, however, argues that the conflict was less the lone fault of one side or the other and more the result of a plethora of conflicting interests and misperceptions between the two superpowers, propelled by domestic politics and bureaucratic inertia. While Gaddis does not hold either side as

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military alliance with New Zealand and the United States was signed in July 1951; it was a plan for consultation and did not involve military planning like NATO. Public opinion in Australia was intensely hostile to Japan after its wartime atrocities, but Japan was now an ally in the Cold War, so

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communism implemented in Eastern Bloc states was the unique symbiosis of the state with society and the economy, resulting in politics and economics losing their distinctive features as autonomous and distinguishable spheres. Initially, Stalin directed systems that rejected Western institutional

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Soviet leaders, however, tended to understand security in terms of space. This reasoning was conditioned by Russia's historical experiences, given the frequency with which the country had been invaded over the preceding 150 years. The Second World War experience was particularly dramatic for the

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Even before the war came to an end, it seemed highly likely that cooperation between the Western powers and the USSR would give way to intense rivalry or conflict. This was due primarily to the starkly contrasting economic ideologies of the two superpowers, now quite easily the strongest in the

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in 1947, a US initiative to provide financial aid to rebuild Europe and prevent the spread of communism by stabilizing capitalist economies. The Soviet Union rejected the Marshall Plan, seeing it as an effort by the US to impose its influence on Europe. In response, the Soviet Union established

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Officials in the Truman administration placed responsibility for postwar tensions on the Soviets, claiming that Stalin had violated promises made at Yalta, pursued a policy of expansionism in Eastern Europe, and conspired to spread communism throughout the world. Historians associated with the

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The immediate end of war material shipments from America to the USSR after the surrender of Germany also upset some politicians in Moscow, who believed this showed the US had no intentions to support the USSR any more than they had to. Administration officials met with Soviet Foreign Minister

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subduing discretional intervention by the state. They were economically communist and depended upon the Soviet Union for significant amounts of materials. While in the first five years following World War II, massive emigration from these states to the West occurred, restrictions implemented

1309:. This did not satisfy Tito as he sought revisions of the borders around Trieste and in Carinthia prompting the Western Allies to keep a garrison in Trieste to prevent Yugoslav takeover. Tito's continued insistence on acquisition of Trieste was also seen by Stalin as an embarrassment to the 796:

of February 1945, Roosevelt signed a separate deal with Stalin in regard of Asia and refused to support Churchill on the issues of Poland and Reparations. Roosevelt ultimately approved the percentage agreement, but there was still apparently no firm consensus on the framework for a post-war

956:). This group tended to take a harder line towards Moscow than Roosevelt had done. Administration officials favoring cooperation with the Soviet Union and the incorporation of socialist economies into a world trade system were marginalized. The UK was represented by a new prime minister, 873:

Following the Allied victory in May, the Soviets effectively occupied Eastern Europe, while the US had much of Western Europe. In occupied Germany, the US and the Soviet Union established zones of occupation and a loose framework for four-power control with the ailing French and British.

1297:'s Third Ukrainian Front had to request formal permission from Tito's provisional government to enter Yugoslavia and had to accept Yugoslav civil authority in any liberated territory. which maintained its claims against Italy and Austria. The territorial dispute in the northwest part of 1830:, and in 1946 Moscow abandoned its position, and the conflict was permanently resolved peacefully, with a pro-western government resuming control. Iran did not become a major battlefield of the Cold War, but it had its own history of confrontation with Britain and the United States. 611:

The Soviets believed at the time, and charged throughout the Cold War, that the Americans intentionally delayed the opening of a second front against Germany in order to intervene only at the last minute so as to influence the peace settlement and dominate Europe. Historians such as

1622:. A compromise was reached whereby the Latin American states agreed on vague statements of support for the American Cold War position, and the United States provided expanded financial grants and loans to stimulate economic growth. In 1954, at the 10th Inter-American Conference in 2048:

The Cold War is increasingly treated as a global historical period beginning customarily in 1947 when the Truman Doctrine sought to contain communism and the expansion of Soviet influence, and ending with the decline and fall of the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc in the late

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The Cold War took place worldwide, but it had a somewhat different timing and trajectory outside Europe. In Africa, decolonization took place first; it was largely accomplished in the 1950s. The main rivals then sought bases of support in the new national political alignments.

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terminated arms supplies to the ELA-ELAM, pro-monarchist armed forces were strengthened. On the political front, Americans, with British encouragement, attempted to dismantle ELAS-EAM socialist structures in the countryside, and an anti-communist swing gradually occurred.

1919:("Comintern"), based in Moscow, which was designed to plan for revolutionary upheavals abroad. It was ineffective—Communist uprisings all failed in Germany, Hungary and elsewhere. Historian Max Beloff argues that the Soviets saw "no prospect of permanent peace", with the 707:, to dominate the Balkans and to destroy utterly Germany's capacity to engage in another war. The problem was that Stalin's strategy risked confrontation with the equally powerful United States, who viewed Stalin's actions as a flagrant violation of the Yalta agreement. 999:

and others to press for an economically self-sufficient Germany, including a detailed accounting of the industrial plants, good and infrastructure already removed by the Soviets. After six weeks of negotiations, Molotov refused the demands and the talks were adjourned.

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After the war, Stalin sought to secure the Soviet Union's western border by installing communist-dominated regimes under Soviet influence in bordering countries. During and in the years immediately after the war, the Soviet Union annexed several countries as

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had occupied southern Iran, while the Soviets had occupied an area of northern Iran bordering the Soviet republic of Azerbaijan. Nevertheless, at the end of the war, tensions emerged over the timing of the pull out of both sides from the oil-rich region.

8366: 253:, where Soviet Russia ceded vast territories to Germany, deepened distrust among the Western Allies. Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War further complicated relations, and although the Soviet Union later allied with Western powers to defeat 842:

in northern Italy. The Soviet Union was initially not allowed to participate and the dispute led to heated correspondence between Franklin Roosevelt and Stalin. General Wolff, a war criminal, appears to have been guaranteed immunity at the

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Soviet Russia found itself isolated in international diplomacy. Lenin stated that the Soviet Union was surrounded by a "hostile capitalist encirclement" and he viewed diplomacy as a weapon to keep Soviet enemies divided. Lenin set up the

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on December 7, 1941. Immediately, there was disagreement between Britain's ally Poland and the Soviet Union. The British and Poles strongly suspected that when Stalin was cooperating with Hitler, he ordered the execution of about 22,000

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However, the Bolsheviks, operating a unified command from a central location, defeated all the opposition one by one and took full control of Russia, as well as breakaway provinces such as Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.

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by air. This marked a turning point, shifting the Cold War from diplomatic tensions to the brink of direct military conflict, further entrenching the division of Europe. By 1949, the Cold War was firmly in place. The creation of

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the spectre of German domination in Eastern Europe threatened to become reality, and the Allies now began to think seriously about military intervention", and proceeded to step up their economic warfare against the Bolsheviks.

691:—in other words, a liberal international system based on free trade and open markets. This vision would require a rebuilt capitalist Europe, with a healthy Germany at its center, to serve once more as a hub in global affairs. 1646:

engineered his revolutionary takeover of Cuba in 1957–58 with very little Soviet support. The United States and the smaller Latin countries, outvoted the larger powers by the required two-thirds majority in 1962 to identify

450:, mass arrests and execution of dissidents versus free press and independent courts, state ownership of all farms and businesses versus capitalism, became simplified and refined in ideologies to represent two ways of life. 1594:. After 1947, with the Cold War emerging in Europe, Washington made repeated efforts to encourage all the Latin American countries to take a Cold War anti-Communist position. They were reluctant to do so—for example, only 1562:

The Soviet military was focused on its main mission, the defense of the Soviet Union. From that perspective, the formation of NATO in 1949 was the decisive threat, and became its starting point for the Cold War. Historian

1554:. The affair caused a major rift between Stalin and Churchill, and in a letter to Roosevelt on 3 April Stalin complained that the secret negotiations did not serve to "preserve and promote trust between our countries". 5061: 1783:

became inextricably intertwined with Cold War tensions, especially in the years after 1949". American pressure on France after 1949 tried to force France to give priority to fighting communism, rather than fighting

2021:(published in ten editions between 1967 and 2006)—US policymakers shared an overarching concern with maintaining capitalism domestically. In order to ensure this goal, they pursued a policy of ensuring an " 268:—alarmed the US and UK. Western leaders saw this as a clear instance of Soviet expansionism, clashing with their vision of a democratic Europe. Economically, the divide was sharpened with the introduction of the 1760:, and became bitter enemies over ideological control of the Marxist–Leninist orthodoxy. The two set up rival communist organizations in countries across the world. The Cold War then became a three-way conflict. 8361: 1277:

was proclaimed. It was under Soviet influence in the final months of the war and the first few post-war years, Stalin declared it outside the Soviet sphere of interest on several occasions, treating it like a

827:, which was in effect for over two years, and was enthusiastically supported by Stalin. It directed the US forces of occupation to "... take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany". 5137: 293:

in 1949 formalized military alliances within the Western Bloc, signaling the start of a long period of geopolitical confrontation. Outside Europe, Cold War tensions manifested differently, particularly in

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was killed by the Soviets at this time. The British and Soviets sponsored competing factions of resistance fighters in Yugoslavia and Greece, although both ceased after Churchill and Stalin made the

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and pastoral in its character". However, it no longer included a plan to partition the country into several independent states. On 10 May 1945, President Truman signed the US occupation directive

8517: 8157: 2025:" to foreign markets for US business and agriculture across the world. From this perspective, a growing economy domestically went hand-in-hand with the consolidation of US power internationally. 1401:

and proposing concrete policy recommendations based on its analysis. This report, which recommended "restraining and confining" Soviet influence, was presented to Truman on September 24, 1946.

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starting in late July 1945, the Allies met to decide how to administer the defeated Nazi Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier on May 7 and May 8, 1945,

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In 1939, after conducting negotiations with both the British and French group and Germany regarding potential military and political agreements, the Soviet Union and Germany signed a

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Australia's accepted the very generous soft peace treaty with Japan in 1951. Instead of worrying about a resurgent Japan, Australia now worried more about a possible Chinese threat.

815:, a high-level military conference held in Quebec City, 12–16 September 1944, Churchill and Roosevelt reached agreement on a number of matters, including a plan for Germany based on 1964:

As for the two cold wars thesis, the chief problem is that the two periods are incommensurable. To be sure, they were joined together by enduring ideological hostility, but in the

8675: 726: 1282:. The contrast with the rest of Eastern Europe was underscored ahead of a Soviet offensive in October 1944. Tito's Partisans supported the offensive, which ultimately pushed the 5115: 365:

saw Russia as only the first step, planning to incite revolutions against capitalism in every western country, but the need for peace with Germany led the first Soviet leader

5060: 7839: 1752: 8476: 8620: 620:. In the meantime, the Russians suffered heavy casualties, with as many as twenty million dead. Nevertheless, Soviet perceptions (or misconceptions) of the West and 819:'s original proposal. The memorandum drafted by Churchill provided for "eliminating the warmaking industries in the Ruhr and the Saar ... looking forward to 8140: 1683:. In British Hong Kong, which had surrendered to Japan in December 1941, civil unrest occurred after Britain rapidly re-established rule at the end of the war. 769:

The differences between Roosevelt and Churchill led to several separate deals with the Soviets. In October 1944, Churchill traveled to Moscow and proposed the "

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stated that his new state was surrounded by a "hostile capitalist encirclement", and he viewed diplomacy as a weapon that should be used in order to keep the

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and supplanted it with JCS 1779, which decreed that an orderly and prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable and productive Germany".

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Expansion of the USSR during World War II. The borders of Eastern bloc's members other than the USSR, Poland and Yugoslavia are shown in their post-war status

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based in Egypt was a neutralizing force. The Soviet Union leaned increasingly toward Egypt. The United States based its Cold War coalition primarily on the

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during the war. They not only refused to withdraw in 1945 but backed revolts that established short-lived, pro-Soviet separatist national states called the

264:, became central. The Soviet Union's establishment of communist regimes in the countries it had liberated from Nazi control—enforced by the presence of the 6121: 1346:, US Ambassador in Moscow, once a "confirmed optimist" regarding US–Soviet relations, was disillusioned by what he saw as the Soviet betrayal of the 1944 8714: 8325: 8201: 1463: 639:. The Soviets did not supply the Uprising from the air, and for a significant time also refused to allow American air drops. On at least one occasion, a 589:, June 6, 1944. The US and Britain initially indicated that they would open the second front in 1942, and then in 1943, but it was postponed both times. 552:, the invasion of the Soviet Union through the territories that the two countries had previously divided. Stalin switched his cooperation from Hitler to 6169: 2515: 7991: 1130: 209: 604:

intelligence, and passed it to the Soviets. He was able to alert the NKVD about all British intelligence on the Soviets—including what the American

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A number of Eastern European countries (notably without Poland) were covered by Stalin's secret agreement with Winston Churchill concluded at the

8763: 5668: 2468: 944:. Serious differences emerged over the future development of Germany and Eastern Europe. At Potsdam, the US was represented by a new president, 8826: 8738: 7910: 5419: 5228: 1097:

were concerned that electoral victories by communist parties in any of these countries could lead to sweeping economic and political change in

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of 1948–49, when the Soviets attempted to cut off Western access to Berlin. The US and its allies responded with the Berlin Airlift, supplying

8481: 4706: 2742: 8402: 7900: 1948: 1626:, Washington demanded a resolution that the establishment of a communist government in any American state was a threat to the peace of the 1208:

on the following night. The Soviet military commander in Sofia assumed supreme authority, and the communists whom he instructed, including

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to Moscow. The Allies ultimately rejected the ceasefire terms which Bullitt negotiated, believing that a White victory was imminent.

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advanced rapidly across the borderlands. The Allies responded with an economic blockade against all of Russia. In early March 1918, the

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Michael J. Cohen, "From 'Cold' to 'Hot' War: Allied Strategic and Military Interests in the Middle East after the Second World War."

1431:" had descended across Europe. From the standpoint of the Soviets, the speech was an incitement for the West to begin a war with the 984: 511:, commonly named after the foreign secretaries of the two countries (Molotov–Ribbentrop), which included a secret agreement to split 504: 161: 62: 242:. This ideological and political rivalry, which solidified between 1945-49, would shape the global order for the next four decades. 8426: 8125: 7905: 5938: 2721: 1086: 433: 8680: 2258: 8562: 8397: 8211: 8135: 7341: 5985: 4449: 1779:

insurgents, especially by providing sanctuary from French attacks. Mark Lawrence and Frederik Logevall point out that "resurgent

737: 429: 8577: 573:. Still, the Soviets and the Western Allies were forced to cooperate, despite their tensions. The US shipped vast quantities of 8656: 8638: 8589: 8243: 7834: 6106: 1928: 1672: 1895:

While most historians trace its origins to the period immediately following World War II, others argue that it began with the

1456: 7984: 7829: 5764: 5451: 5429: 5122:'s speech in 5, March, 1946, warning about the advance of communism in central Europe. CVCE.eu (Centre for European Studies). 4965: 4947: 4927: 4882: 4837: 4819: 4801: 4779: 4761: 4714: 4687: 4669: 4638: 4620: 4565: 4546: 4522: 4481: 4435: 4416: 4388: 4351: 4333: 4314: 4143: 3925: 3444: 3060: 2785: 2694: 2667: 2013: 1920: 202: 6852: 8811: 8780: 8250: 8181: 6671: 6596: 6256: 5856: 4899: 1811: 1342:

Key State Department personnel grew increasingly frustrated with and suspicious of the Soviets as the war drew to a close.

1229: 969: 636: 4045: 8790: 8568: 8446: 8436: 8226: 8072: 7869: 6276: 5409: 1110: 437: 5518: 5446: 1205: 356:. In the eyes of the Allies, Russia now was helping Germany win the war by freeing up a million German soldiers for the 8745: 8507: 7958: 7311: 6406: 5384: 5269: 5223: 5218: 5164: 5020: 4847: 1531: 987:. Shortly after the attacks, Stalin protested to US officials when Truman offered the Soviets little real influence in 651:

was moved to make a public warning about Soviet postwar intentions. A 'secret war' also took place between the British

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providing for the trade of certain German military and civilian equipment in exchange for Soviet raw materials and the

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Roberts, Geoffrey. "Stalin, the Pact with Nazi Germany, and the Origins of Postwar Soviet Diplomatic Historiography".

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was a flashpoint between the major players in 1945–1946, with the Soviet Union sponsoring two breakaway provinces in

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LS Stavrianos, "The Greek National Liberation Front (EAM): A Study in Resistance, Organisation and Administration",

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Several postwar disagreements between western and Soviet leaders were related to their differing interpretations of

687:. The key to the US vision of security was a post-war world shaped according to the principles laid out in the 1941 8915: 8878: 8594: 8270: 8233: 8106: 7977: 6746: 6741: 6236: 6199: 5928: 5374: 5076: 1590:

During World War II, the United States military operations had widespread support across Latin America, except for

1497: 1490: 1486: 1302: 1217: 831: 755: 447: 195: 8431: 8377: 8238: 6424: 6286: 5970: 396:, the American Secretary of State, in 1920 announced an American policy of refusing to deal with the new regime. 384:

in the Whites’ favor. Lenin made peace overtures to Wilson, and the American leader responded by sending diplomat

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The roots of the Cold War can be traced back to diplomatic and military tensions preceding World War II. The 1917

8337: 8319: 8152: 7466: 6847: 6776: 6676: 6554: 6326: 6316: 5903: 5290: 4867: 2684: 1611: 1241: 1204:, toward the end of World War II, the Soviet Union crossed the border and created the conditions for a communist 1197: 585:

requested that the Western Allies open a second front from the early months of the war—which finally occurred on

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James H. Meriwether, "Endangering the Security of the Free World: Africa, the United States, and the Cold War,"

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The idea of long-term continuity is a minority scholarly view that has been challenged. Frank Ninkovich writes:

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Western Allies conducted meetings in Italy in March 1945 with German representatives to forestall a takeover by

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Gimbel, John (1972). "On the Implementation of the Potsdam Agreement: An Essay on U.S. Postwar German Policy".

2729: 2069: 1890: 1846: 1420: 1221: 1053:, had a good chance of resulting in a communist Europe. Communist parties achieved a significant popularity in 156: 6566: 6296: 5807: 5579: 3601:

Prokopis Papastratis, "The British and the Greek Resistance Movements EAM and EDES", in Marion Sarafis (ed.),

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The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece

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McFadden, David W. (1995). "After the Colby Note: The Wilson Administration and the Bolsheviks, 1920-21".

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continued after 1945, with Britain and in an increasingly impossible situation as the mandate holder. The

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Ayesha Jalal,"Towards the Baghdad Pact: South Asia and Middle East Defence in the Cold War, 1947–1955."

1317:, The USSR and Yugoslavia signed a friendship treaty when Tito met with Stalin in Moscow in April 1945. 8753: 8486: 8260: 7686: 6907: 6892: 6882: 6736: 6336: 5824: 5627: 5394: 1265:

thereafter stopped most East-West migration, except that under limited bilateral and other agreements.

1233: 1106: 684: 664: 8709: 5138:

The CWIHP at the Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars Document Collection on the Origins of the Cold War

3904: 2476: 1771:, played a prominent leadership role. In 1949, Mao's Communists took control of the north side of the 1482:

and warning the Soviets that the US intended to maintain a military presence in Europe indefinitely. (

7915: 7791: 7736: 7556: 6544: 6251: 5812: 5424: 5341: 5095: 1993: 1834: 1631: 1306: 1193: 979:

but kept it secret from the Soviet Union. Stalin became aware that the Americans were working on the

710:

At the end of the war in Europe, in May 1945, the Soviets insisted on occupying the Danish island of

417: 349: 4892:

The United States, the Soviet Union and the Geopolitical Implications of the Origins of the Cold War

4126:

Sutton, Christopher (2017), Sutton, Christopher (ed.), "Origins and the First Cold War, 1917–1945",

627:

In turn, in 1944, the Soviets appeared to the Allies to have deliberately delayed the relief of the

8552: 8532: 8089: 8023: 7541: 7108: 6371: 6261: 6015: 5559: 4281: 1985:, who used the term during a speech before the South Carolina state legislature on April 16, 1947. 1772: 1358:. Harriman would later have a significant influence in forming Truman's views on the Soviet Union. 1225: 1027: 812: 413: 260:

In the immediate aftermath of World War II, disagreements about the future of Europe, particularly

123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 7281: 2752: 2308:

Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (2008-01-30).

8905: 6771: 6716: 6701: 6641: 6449: 6429: 6189: 5866: 5471: 2802: 2516:"D-DAY / 60 years later : For Russia, opening of a second front in Europe came far too late" 1916: 1724: 1668: 1551: 1436: 1310: 965: 863:, a secret plan to invade the Soviet Union which Winston Churchill advocated during this period. 805: 782: 353: 250: 8079: 8043: 5674: 3485:"Curtis F. Morgan, Southern Partnership: James F. Byrnes, Lucius D. Clay and Germany, 1945 1947" 2987:

Resis, Albert (1978). "The Churchill-Stalin Secret Percentages Agreement, Moscow October 1944".

277:(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) to foster economic cooperation among communist states. 8512: 8466: 8315: 7561: 7065: 6459: 6133: 5609: 5369: 5364: 5157: 4170:

Baruch, Bernard M.. Vital Speeches of the Day, 5/1/47, Vol. 13 Issue 14, p425, 3p; (AN 9753238)

1785: 1780: 1744: 1599: 906: 561: 557: 532: 512: 7771: 3950:

China, the United States, and the Soviet Union: Tripolarity and Policy Making in the Cold War

3935: 3664: 2657: 2393: 2207: 2180: 2126: 500:

partial control of Czechoslovakia after conference in which the Soviet Union was not invited.

442:

Differences in the political and economic systems of Western democracies and the Soviet Union—

8854: 7796: 7080: 7075: 6842: 6731: 6686: 6646: 6581: 6525: 6444: 6226: 6040: 5918: 5836: 5744: 5709: 5619: 5564: 5461: 5302: 4306: 4087: 3434: 2153: 1823: 1714: 1615: 1505: 1464:

Allied policy which had foreseen returning Germany to a pastoral state without heavy industry

1037:

The immediate post-1945 period may have been the historical high point for the popularity of

1031: 1017: 910: 860: 789: 770: 722: 676: 454: 333: 166: 8471: 3649:

Victor Gobarev, "Soviet military plans and actions during the first Berlin crisis, 1948–49"

2918: 1313:. On 10 January 1945, Stalin called Yugoslavia's foreign policy unreasonable because of its 1185: 8625: 8342: 7336: 7103: 6958: 6912: 6827: 6822: 6621: 6520: 6469: 6464: 6356: 6311: 6266: 6204: 6035: 6010: 5960: 5888: 5802: 5652: 5254: 5233: 5091: 3402: 2725: 2074: 1977:" to describe the postwar tensions between the US- and Soviet-led blocs was popularized by 1314: 1122: 983:

through his spy network, however. One week after the end of the Potsdam Conference, the US

816: 616:

dispute this claim, citing other military and strategic calculations for the timing of the

549: 341: 5029:

Nazi-Soviet Relations, 1939–1941: Documents from the Archives of The German Foreign Office

859:

when they met in March 1945. Wolff and his forces were being considered to help implement

8: 8347: 7781: 7696: 7691: 7591: 7454: 7251: 7135: 7050: 6938: 6791: 6786: 6766: 6751: 6661: 6656: 6561: 6494: 6484: 6396: 6391: 6381: 6281: 6221: 6194: 6020: 6005: 5975: 5953: 5739: 5729: 5456: 5379: 5349: 5333: 2309: 2307: 1842: 1838: 1803: 1764: 1635: 1257: 1070: 988: 778: 672: 480:

Soviet and German military and political advances in Central and eastern Europe 1939–1940

409: 8669: 8084: 6636: 6549: 4875:

A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration, and the Cold War

4531:

McClellan, Woodford (1969). "Postwar Political Evolution". In Vucinich, Wayne S. (ed.).

1216:", working together with the communists), took full control of domestic politics in the 1212:(who was not a communist himself, but a member of the elitarian political organization " 336:

from the start. The US joined them as a self-styled Associated Power in March 1917. The

8392: 8176: 7935: 7731: 7716: 7641: 7621: 7616: 7601: 7448: 7196: 6948: 6832: 6586: 6489: 6474: 6386: 6376: 6351: 6346: 6111: 6065: 5980: 5965: 5908: 5724: 5647: 5523: 5414: 5404: 4992: 4790: 4511: 3931: 3791: 3534: 3000: 2350: 1896: 1627: 1607: 1287: 1162: 996: 937: 923: 894: 882: 747: 617: 315: 306:

became key battlegrounds in the ideological struggle between capitalism and communism.

246: 7631: 7460: 2686:

History for the IB Diploma Paper 3 The Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia (1924–2000)

2108:

Outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam, and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia, 1949–1954

8900: 8544: 7948: 7801: 7746: 7721: 7676: 7606: 7581: 7546: 7536: 7505: 7392: 7276: 7246: 6983: 6973: 6887: 6781: 6626: 6341: 6138: 5995: 5948: 5846: 5797: 5771: 5749: 5589: 5569: 5513: 5501: 5315: 5150: 5119: 5006: 4961: 4943: 4923: 4905: 4878: 4833: 4815: 4797: 4775: 4757: 4720: 4710: 4683: 4665: 4658: 4634: 4616: 4599: 4561: 4542: 4518: 4496: 4477: 4458: 4431: 4412: 4406: 4384: 4365: 4347: 4329: 4310: 4285: 4139: 4093: 3969: 3921: 3783: 3670: 3526: 3440: 3177: 3157: 3136: 3088: 3056: 2892: 2882: 2781: 2690: 2663: 2523: 2399: 2342: 2264: 2213: 2186: 2159: 2132: 2005: 1757: 1708: 1671:

forces fought a protracted counter-insurgency war against their former communist-led

1664: 1543: 1416: 1189: 976: 961: 931: 762: 640: 613: 553: 381: 377: 22: 7925: 7596: 4326:

The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman and the Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1941–1945

3819:

The United States, Cuba, and the Cold War; American Failure Or Communist Conspiracy?

2777:

Allen Dulles, the OSS, and Nazi War Criminals: The Dynamics of Selective Prosecution

1389:

pursed in disapproval. Six months later, it would probably have sounded redundant."

8859: 8016: 7711: 7636: 7566: 7551: 7531: 7478: 7261: 7256: 7236: 7186: 7176: 7003: 6968: 6953: 6902: 6631: 6571: 6411: 6070: 6050: 5759: 5701: 5695: 5662: 5642: 5632: 5481: 5282: 5274: 4591: 4131: 3775: 3518: 3154:

The First Domino: International Decision Making during the Hungarian Crisis of 1956

2992: 2022: 1900: 1854: 1424: 1362: 1343: 1294: 949: 898: 885:

on July 18, 1945. From left to right, first row: Stalin, Truman, Soviet Ambassador

867: 844: 793: 688: 493: 393: 151: 128: 5027: 2233: 404:, which called for revolutionary upheavals in capitalist countries. Nevertheless, 8844: 8418: 8094: 7930: 7786: 7776: 7761: 7741: 7726: 7701: 7646: 7411: 7379: 7271: 7231: 6993: 6988: 6928: 6869: 6601: 6479: 6306: 6271: 6179: 6174: 5898: 5792: 5466: 5399: 5389: 5354: 5310: 5297: 5249: 4700: 4532: 4300: 4275: 3963: 2747: 2041: 1982: 1965: 1870: 1732: 1521: 1509: 1501: 1493: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1448: 1365:, then at the US Embassy in Moscow, why the Russians opposed the creation of the 1351: 1347: 1279: 1058: 953: 945: 890: 824: 820: 644: 632: 443: 281: 176: 171: 5893: 4135: 1008: 8728: 8356: 8352: 8003: 7756: 7681: 7671: 7666: 7526: 7266: 7055: 6978: 6706: 6611: 6361: 6301: 5933: 5851: 5754: 5714: 5684: 5584: 5539: 4696: 4249:

Prasenjit Duara, "The Cold War as a historical period: an interpretive essay."

4171: 4047:

The Baghdad Pact: Anglo-American Defence Policies in the Middle East, 1950–1959

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left a strong undercurrent of tension and hostility between the Allied powers.

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A New Kind of War: America's global strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece

2728:

Committee of the Judiciary appointed to investigate the Administration of the

226:

emerged from the breakdown of relations between two of the primary victors of

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Failed Illusions: Moscow, Washington, Budapest, and the 1956 Hungarian Revolt

2896: 2527: 2346: 2001: 1807: 1797: 1452: 1373:. He responded with a wide-ranging analysis of Russian policy now called the 1174: 1154: 1094: 1050: 835: 656: 648: 628: 269: 146: 5131: 5003:

Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State

4956:

Nekrich, Aleksandr Moiseevich; Ulam, Adam Bruno; Freeze, Gregory L. (1997),

1526:

In Greece, during a civil war involving the communist-led partisan movement

1049:

endured had earned it massive respect which, had it been fully exploited by

7706: 7656: 7586: 7576: 7430: 7418: 7405: 7211: 7038: 6539: 5787: 5637: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5192: 4575: 3571:, Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 1981; Howard Jones, 2209:

Victory on the Western Front: The Development of the British Army 1914-1918

2034: 1912: 1866: 1858: 1643: 1564: 1428: 1410: 1394: 1166: 1146: 1114: 1046: 1021: 856: 742: 531:

US government poster showing a smiling Russian soldier as portrayed by the

497: 489: 254: 239: 235: 231: 227: 79: 74: 69: 57: 7969: 380:. France, Japan and the United States also sent forces to help decide the 8099: 7751: 7356: 7326: 7181: 7171: 7070: 6933: 6726: 6215: 6045: 6030: 5841: 5689: 5657: 5544: 5359: 5264: 5203: 4750:(2005) 700pp; highly detailed month-by-month summary for many countries* 3488: 3430: 3128: 2732:

and other Internal Security Laws, (Washington, 1967) volume 1, pp. 620–21

1952: 1768: 1550:

and to hinder the potential there for post-war influence of the civilian

1326: 1261: 1237: 980: 668: 485: 303: 298:, where the US sought to counter Soviet influence. Conflicts such as the 285: 5079:

was created from a revision of this article dated 11 July 2012

4399:

Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States— An Interpretive History

4381:

Feeding the German Eagle: Soviet Economic Aid to Nazi Germany, 1933–1941

2354: 8662: 8305: 7510: 7221: 7191: 7145: 7060: 7028: 7020: 6963: 6651: 6366: 6055: 5943: 5549: 4996: 3795: 3538: 3004: 2935:. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003. 2829:"Operation Unthinkable: Britain's Secret Plan to Invade Russia in 1945" 2724:, Report on the Morgenthau Diaries prepared by the Subcommittee of the 1932: 1904: 1728: 1603: 1366: 1138: 839: 597: 574: 299: 6164: 4595: 3899:

Priscilla Roberts, "New Perspectives on Cold War History from China,"

2592:, Eric Foner and John A. Garraty, eds. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991. 8582: 7806: 7651: 7500: 7473: 7286: 7241: 7150: 7118: 7098: 7090: 6419: 6209: 4587: 4444: 4271: 3722: 1936: 1776: 1619: 1591: 1375: 1337: 1283: 1248: 1150: 1113:. Many of these were originally countries effectively ceded to it by 1038: 401: 337: 280:

The first major military confrontation of the Cold War came with the

5017:

The Longman Companion to America, Russia and the Cold War, 1941-1998

3779: 3522: 2996: 1196:, which began one of the harshest dictatorships in Europe under the 695:

was producing around fifty percent of the world's industrial goods.

8000: 7385: 7226: 7123: 6998: 6817: 6721: 5861: 5719: 5173: 4277:

With Stalin against Tito: Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism

1989: 1974: 1931:, the states of the world have divided into two camps: the camp of 1874: 1814:. Soviet troops were stationed in northwestern Iran as part of the 1595: 1201: 1078: 1042: 800: 711: 700: 476: 265: 223: 31: 6505:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

4987:

Ryan, Henry B. "A New Look at Churchill's ‘Iron Curtain’ Speech".

4975:

The Lion's Share: A Short History of British Imperialism 1850–1995

3862:

The Fall of Hong Kong: Britain, China, and the Japanese Occupation

1331: 7331: 7216: 7206: 7155: 6696: 5441: 4792:

The United States and the Origins of the Cold War 1941–1947

4128:

Britain's Cold War in Cyprus and Hong Kong: A Conflict of Empires

3832:

Low Intensity Operations: Subversion, Insurgency and Peacekeeping

1951:

in 1918 to its uneasy alliance with the Soviet Union against the

1623: 1475: 1181: 1170: 1158: 1142: 1082: 1074: 774: 527: 274: 5106:

Portal to topic documents. CVCE.eu (Centre for European Studies)

4958:

Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German–Soviet Relations, 1922–1941

4724: 4576:"The Tito–Stalin Split: A Reassessment in Light of New Evidence" 4189:. John Whiteclay Chambers II, ed., Oxford University Press 1999. 4185:

Jonathan Nashel, "Cold War (1945–91): Changing Interpretations"

3918:

Shadow Cold War: The Sino-Soviet Competition for the Third World

3734: 3382: 2633:. John Whiteclay Chambers II, ed., Oxford University Press 1999. 2391: 1232:, the only effective ballot choices were those of the communist 727:

World War II Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West

420:

and by the mid-1920s Moscow was no longer fomenting revolution.

7399: 7201: 7140: 6075: 4631:

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany

3436:

Working with Truman: a personal memoir of the White House years

1878: 1355: 1305:

to be delayed until 1947, and establishment of the independent

1298: 1134: 1126: 1054: 941: 704: 5112:

The division of Germany. CVCE.eu (Centre for European Studies)

3888:

Cold war, hot war: An Australian perspective on the Korean war

3766:

Immerman, Richard H. (1980). "Guatemala as Cold War History".

2260:

Churchill's Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia, 1918-1920

1850:

Cold War, and was not a precipitating factor in the Cold War.

1690:, two days after the Americans did. Australian Prime Minister 372:

In 1918, Britain sent in money and some troops to support the

7884: 7840:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

7346: 7129: 5208: 4534:

Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment

2803:"Opinion | An Absurdist Film That Touches on Wartime Reality" 1969:

that post-1945 relations would have turned out much the same.

1908: 1695: 1213: 1062: 586: 3965:

The First Vietnam War: Colonial Conflict and Cold War Crisis

3618:, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972, pp.114-121 2395:

Debating Franklin D. Roosevelt's Foreign Policies, 1933-1945

1427:, gave his speech "The Sinews of Peace", declaring that an " 7424: 7306: 5198: 5142: 5134:

Study guide, primary sources, multimedia, teacher resources

2128:

The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia

1884: 1648: 1527: 1432: 1066: 660: 593: 290: 4754:

Political trials in history: from antiquity to the present

4089:

Varieties of Anti-Fascism: Britain in the Inter-War Period

3575:, London: Oxford University Press 1989. Bruce R Kuniholm, 3214: 2943: 2941: 2110:(Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press; 1996). pp.1-12 1956:

a conflict against Soviet imperialism (real and imagined).

1686:

Australia's entry into the Cold War came in 1950, when it

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Address given by Winston Churchill: ‘The Sinews of Peace’

3286: 2540: 2412: 830:

Some historians have argued that the Cold War began when

601: 8124: 5128:

EDSITEment's curriculum unit The Origins of the Cold War

4864:

The Cambridge History of the Cold War: Volume 1, Origins

4812:

A History of the World from the 20th to the 21st Century

4299:

Banac, Ivo (2008). "Introduction". In Banac, Ivo (ed.).

4181: 4179: 3875:

A Nation for a Continent: History of Australia 1901-1975

3808:

Harold E. Davis, History of Latin America (1968) 723–725

3274: 821:

converting Germany into a country primarily agricultural

5126:

The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1949 | NEH-Edsitement

4920:

The German Question and the International Order,1943-48

4085: 3413: 3411: 3310: 3192: 3190: 2970: 2968: 2938: 1061:, as well as in some nations outside of Europe such as 2917:. Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. Archived from 746:

Clement Attlee, Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin at the

257:, this cooperation was strained by mutual suspicions. 4740:

List of primary and secondary sources on the Cold War

4660:

Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, 1928–1941

4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4176: 3358: 3262: 3087:, New York : Manchester University Press, 1995, 2953: 2858: 2846: 2636: 2595: 2564: 2552: 2495: 2483: 2456:

A Political and Economic Dictionary of Eastern Europe

2436: 2424: 1184:, when the Soviets installed a communist government, 8558:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

4613:

Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953

3666:

The Military Strategy of the Soviet Union: A History

3408: 3370: 3346: 3187: 2965: 2703: 2373: 1688:

rushed combat air and sea forces into the Korean War

1301:

peninsula and around the city of Trieste caused the

461: 5025: 4939:

The German Question and the Origins of the Cold War

4901:

The Role of Ideology in the Origins of the Cold War

4702:

Stalingrad to Berlin: The German Defeat in the East

4493:

Origins of Containment: A Psychological Explanation

3334: 3322: 3298: 1943:According to British historian Christopher Sutton: 1651:as a communist regime and suspend it from the OAS. 8518:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 8376: 4789: 4657: 4510: 4344:Regulation of Migration: International Experiences 4192: 3847:, London: Chatto and Windus, 1948; Ian Trenowden, 3567:, New York: Columbia, 1982; John O Iatrides (ed), 3202: 2780:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 6, 81–190. 1947:In what some have called the First Cold War, from 1861:of 1955 which formed Central Treaty Organization ( 1404: 1125:. These later annexed territories include Eastern 577:material to the Soviets. Britain agreed a broader 4955: 4187:The Oxford Companion to American Military History 3962:Lawrence, Mark Atwood; Logevall, Fredrik (2007). 2631:The Oxford Companion to American Military History 2361: 2124: 1756:War until 1949–1959. By the late 1950s, however, 1614:(OAS) in 1948) and paid special attention to the 1315:territorial claims against most of its neighbours 1073:. Communist parties had already come to power in 881:Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin meeting at the 647:plane supplying the Polish insurgents in Warsaw. 423: 376:. This policy was spearheaded by Minister of War 8892: 7825:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 4426:Hardt, John Pearce; Kaufman, Richard F. (1995), 3961: 3849:Operations Most Secret: SOE, the Malayan Theatre 2689:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 105–111. 2155:The History of American Foreign Policy from 1895 1442: 1361:In February 1946, the US State Department asked 608:had shared with the British about the Soviets. 340:seized power in Russia in November 1917 but the 6262:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 5669:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 3662: 2629:David F. Schmitz, "Cold War (1945–91): Causes" 2581: 2579: 1949:Britain's intervention in the Russian Civil War 1470:). On September 6, 1946, US Secretary of State 1003: 522: 352:and accepted harsh German peace terms with the 328:, Britain, France and Russia, who had formed a 3065: 2205: 2151: 1763:France for many years had been dealing with a 1557: 1350:as well as by violations of the February 1945 917: 374:anti-Bolshevik "White" counter-revolutionaries 7985: 5158: 4862:Leffler, Melvyn P. and Odd Arne Westad, eds. 4707:United States Army Center of Military History 4647:Skidmore, Thomas E.; Smith, Peter H. (2005), 4646: 4558:To Save a City: The Berlin Airlift, 1948–1949 4428:East-Central European Economies in Transition 4221: 4114:The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia 1929-1936 3740: 3728: 3097: 3011: 2178: 1835:long-standing conflict between Arabs and Jews 1694:received a hero's welcome in Washington. The 1630:. Guatemala cast the only negative vote. The 203: 7901:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 5452:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 4830:The Origins of the Second World War, 1933–41 4746:Brune, Lester Brune and Richard Dean Burns. 4474:America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945–2002 4425: 4130:, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 17–31, 3579:, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1980 3545: 3439:. University of Missouri Press. p. 44. 3244: 3232: 3220: 2576: 2454:Day, Alan J.; East, Roger; Thomas, Richard. 2310:"The Bullitt Mission to Soviet Russia, 1919" 2234:"Left Communist | Russian political faction" 1500:. In January 1947, Truman appointed General 346:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 320:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 234:, along with their respective allies in the 7999: 6762:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 4751: 4217: 4215: 3423: 3053:Lithuania 1940 : revolution from above 3030: 3028: 3026: 2513: 2507: 2392:Justus D. Doenecke; Mark A. Stoler (2005). 2044:has placed the issue in a global context: 1723:Following decades of struggle, in 1949 the 569:, at what was later to become known as the 453:In 1933, the United States under President 7992: 7978: 7865:United States involvement in regime change 5420:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 5165: 5151: 4043: 3653:10:3, 1-24, DOI: 10.1080/13518049708430303 2879:The world transformed: 1945 to the present 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 1286:and its allies out of northern Serbia and 756:wartime and immediate post-war conferences 560:, but the US did not join until after the 210: 196: 8621:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 4935: 4917: 4897: 4809: 4769: 4530: 4323: 4240:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1997) 4172:Cold War — Britannica Online Encyclopedia 4050:. Routledge – via Amazon (excerpt). 3565:American Intervention in Greece 1943-1949 3551: 3280: 3250: 3146: 3109: 2933:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics 1508:(JCS) directive 1067, which embodied the 1320: 5087:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 5070: 4212: 3915: 3765: 3577:Origins of the Cold War in the Near East 3156:, Texas A&M University Press, 2004. 3121: 3023: 2722:United States Government Printing Office 2590:A Reader's Companion to American History 2332: 2037:predisposition, to lock it into place". 2014:"Wisconsin School" of diplomatic history 1885:Historians on the causes of the Cold War 1758:China and the USSR were at sword's point 1007: 876: 799: 741: 526: 475: 5991:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 4872: 4610: 4573: 4471: 4450:Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 4378: 4302:The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949 4067: 3629:Operation Sunrise: The Secret Surrender 3429: 3395: 3268: 3238: 3226: 3103: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3017: 2959: 2864: 2655: 2616: 2489: 2442: 1927:Since the time of the formation of the 1767:in Vietnam in which communists, led by 1679:and now demanded independence from the 1654: 1384:resistance is encountered at any point. 1275:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 960:, who had replaced Churchill after the 781:, including giving Stalin predominance 738:List of Allied World War II conferences 579:military and political alliance in 1942 8893: 7835:Russian espionage in the United States 6107:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 4866:(2015) 23 essays by leading scholars. 4845: 4810:Grenville, John Ashley Soames (2005), 4787: 4695: 4677: 4655: 4628: 4555: 4490: 4404: 4396: 4341: 4157:Frank Ninkovich, "The First Cold War" 4125: 4073: 3920:. University of North Carolina Press. 3508: 3417: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3292: 3256: 3196: 3115: 3077: 3071: 3034: 2974: 2947: 2852: 2773: 2709: 2601: 2570: 2558: 2546: 2501: 2469:"Stalin offered troops to stop Hitler" 2430: 2418: 2379: 2285:"20th-century international relations" 2256: 2182:Eyewitnesses to the Russian Revolution 731: 600:had access to high-importance British 7973: 7830:Soviet espionage in the United States 5986:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 5765:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 5430:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 5146: 4827: 4748:Chronology of the Cold War: 1917–1992 4298: 4270: 4209:. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 798–799. 3340: 3328: 3304: 2986: 2911:"President Truman and Premier Stalin" 1915:enemies divided. He began with a new 1397:produced a report elaborating on the 448:pluralistic competition among parties 309: 7906:Soviet Union–United States relations 6257:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 4443: 4359: 4238:We Now Know: Rethinking the Cold War 3627:Bradley F Smith and Elena Agarossi, 3603:Greece: From Resistance to Civil War 3316: 3208: 3055:, Amsterdam, New York, Rodopi, 2007 3040: 2925: 2876: 2826: 2682: 2120: 2118: 2116: 1812:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic 1240:. In 1946, Albania was declared the 975:The US had invited Britain into its 592:Throughout World War II, the Soviet 544:On June 22, 1941, Germany broke the 434:Soviet Union–United States relations 8563:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 7870:Soviet involvement in regime change 4508: 3605:, Nottingham: Spokesman 1980, p.36. 2827:Peck, Michael (28 September 2017). 2800: 2514:Rzheshevsky, Oleg A. (2004-06-08). 2367: 1981:, a US financier and an adviser to 1673:Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army 1544:Italian communist resistance forces 1515: 1247:The defining characteristic of the 1111:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 556:. Britain and the Soviets signed a 430:International relations (1919–1939) 13: 7911:Soviet Union–United States summits 5385:1947 Polish parliamentary election 5270:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 5057: 4733: 4560:, Texas A&M University Press, 4362:Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia 4086:N. Copsey; A. Olechnowicz (2010). 3651:Journal of Slavic Military Studies 3390:George F. Kennan: An American Life 3176:, Stanford University Press, 2006 3135:, Indiana University Press, 1994, 2774:Lingen, Kerstin von (2013-09-30). 2095:Cold War: An International History 1640:overthrew its left-wing government 832:the US negotiated a separate peace 806:Allied occupation zones in Germany 540:Diplomatic history of World War II 14: 8927: 6672:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 6607:United States invasion of Grenada 5877:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 5818:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 5110:James F. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly 5038: 4680:Stalin and the Cold War in Europe 4224:Dictionary of the Social Sciences 4044:Yeşilbursa, Behçet Kemal (2005). 3717:U.S. and Latin American Relations 3127:Sugar, Peter F., Peter Hanak and 2522:. Translated by Khalip, Nikolai. 2263:. A&C Black. pp. 91–95. 2113: 2019:America, Russia, and the Cold War 1256:, democratic governance (dubbed " 1222:Romanian general election of 1946 847:by Office of Strategic Services ( 462:Start of World War II (1939–1941) 8874: 8873: 8715:Palestinian expulsion and flight 6747:United States invasion of Panama 6597:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 6237:1971 Turkish military memorandum 6200:Communist insurgency in Thailand 6170:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 6102:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 5929:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 5857:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 5375:Restatement of Policy on Germany 5069: 4977:, Longman, 1996. pp. 84–89. 4243: 4230: 4164: 4151: 4119: 4106: 4079: 4054: 4037: 4024: 4008: 3995: 3982: 3955: 3942: 3909: 3893: 3880: 3867: 3854: 3837: 2656:Carlton, David (16 March 2000). 1585: 1576: 1504:as Secretary of State, scrapped 1498:Restatement of Policy on Germany 1487:Restatement of Policy on Germany 1457:Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948 683:differences peacefully, through 348:followed through on the wave of 38: 8578:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 8513:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 8320:Causes of the Armenian genocide 7467:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 6848:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 6777:Fall of the inner German border 6677:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 6327:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 6317:Spanish transition to democracy 6277:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 5904:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 5410:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 5291:Occupation of the Baltic states 3824: 3811: 3802: 3759: 3746: 3709: 3704:New England Journal of History, 3696: 3683: 3656: 3643: 3634: 3621: 3608: 3595: 3582: 3557: 3502: 3477: 3460: 3166: 2991:. University of Chicago Press. 2980: 2903: 2877:Hunt, Michael H. (2015-06-26). 2870: 2820: 2794: 2767: 2743:"Conferences: Pas de Pagaille!" 2735: 2715: 2676: 2662:. Manchester University Press. 2649: 2607: 2461: 2448: 2385: 2326: 2301: 2257:Kinvig, Clifford (2007-11-23). 1826:. The issue was debated at the 1612:Organization of American States 1230:December 1945 Albanian election 897:. Second row: Truman confidant 438:Russia–United Kingdom relations 350:popular disgust against the war 8850:Gunpowder and gun transmission 8724:Zionism as settler colonialism 6247:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 5882:Mozambican War of Independence 5321:Indonesian National Revolution 4664:, W. W. Norton & Company, 4539:University of California Press 4491:Larson, Deborah Welch (1985), 4383:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 4324:Beschloss, Michael R. (2003), 4159:Presidential Studies Quarterly 3936:10.5149/9781469623771_friedman 3864:, Yale University Press: 2003. 2751:. 28 July 1947. Archived from 2730:McCarran Internal Security Act 2659:Churchill and the Soviet Union 2335:Presidential Studies Quarterly 2277: 2250: 2226: 2199: 2172: 2158:. Routledge. pp. 97–101. 2145: 2100: 2087: 2070:Historiography of the Cold War 1891:Historiography of the Cold War 1820:Azerbaijan People's Government 1791: 1260:" in Soviet parlance) and the 893:, and Soviet Foreign Minister 484:Moscow was angry with Western 424:Interwar diplomacy (1918–1939) 1: 7845:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 6860:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 6813:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 6535:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 6500:Seven Days to the River Rhine 6232:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 5519:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 5447:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 4960:, Columbia University Press, 4877:, Stanford University Press, 4828:Henig, Ruth Beatrice (2005), 4796:, Columbia University Press, 4774:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 3691:The Cold War: A World History 2801:Rev, Istvan (15 March 2010). 2080: 1816:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 1719:China–United States relations 1443:Morgenthau and Marshall Plans 1268: 1218:People's Republic of Bulgaria 1028:4th Moscow Conference in 1944 985:bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki 6838:Fall of communism in Albania 6808:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 6757:Polish Round Table Agreement 6097:1968 Polish political crisis 5914:Eritrean War of Independence 5680:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 5575:East German uprising of 1953 5507:Chinese Communist Revolution 5172: 5026:Department of State (1948), 4682:, Rowman & Littlefield, 4062:International History Review 4003:Encyclopedia of the Cold War 1242:People's Republic of Albania 1198:People's Republic of Hungary 1004:Creation of the Eastern Bloc 643:fighter shot down a British 523:Wartime alliance (1941–1945) 472:Soviet Union in World War II 230:: the United States and the 7: 8482:German resistance to Nazism 8338:Persian famine of 1917–1919 6712:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 6440:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 6185:Corrective Movement (Syria) 6149:New People's Army rebellion 6144:Sino-Soviet border conflict 5872:Angolan War of Independence 5735:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 5615:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 5260:Jamaican political conflict 4982:Journal of Cold War Studies 4936:Lewkowicz, Nicolas (2008), 4918:Lewkowicz, Nicolas (2010), 4898:Lewkowicz, Nicolas (2018), 4788:Gaddis, John Lewis (1972), 4770:Churchill, Winston (1953), 4629:Shirer, William L. (1990), 4580:Journal of Cold War Studies 4556:Miller, Roger Gene (2000), 4513:Stalin and the Soviet Union 4408:The Cold War: A New History 4405:Gaddis, John Lewis (2005). 4397:Gaddis, John Lewis (1990), 4379:Ericson, Edward E. (1999), 4222:Craig Calhoun, ed. (2002), 4136:10.1007/978-3-319-33491-2_2 3768:Political Science Quarterly 3693:(Penguin UK, 2017) pp 2-7. 3511:Political Science Quarterly 2065:Culture during the Cold War 2053: 2017:of the popular survey text 1804:political situation in Iran 1775:, and began supporting the 1737:National Revolutionary Army 1558:Soviet military perspective 1371:International Monetary Fund 1332:"Long Telegram" and "Mr. X" 918:Potsdam and the atomic bomb 785:and Bulgaria and Churchill 685:international organizations 10: 8932: 8487:Nazi foreign policy debate 6908:Sino-Indian border dispute 6737:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 6667:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 6425:1976 Argentine coup d'état 6337:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 6287:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 5971:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 5939:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 5628:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 5395:Asian Relations Conference 5005:, Houghton Mifflin, 1977. 4890:Lewkowicz, Nicolas (2018) 4756:, Transaction Publishers, 4737: 4656:Tucker, Robert C. (1992), 4611:Roberts, Geoffrey (2006), 4263: 4207:American History: A Survey 3968:. Harvard UP. p. 14. 3640:Richardson, op cit, p.264. 2989:American Historical Review 2915:Truman Library Photographs 2683:Todd, Allan (2016-04-14). 2125:Spencer C. Tucker (2013). 1888: 1795: 1712: 1706: 1616:growth of left-wing forces 1519: 1446: 1408: 1335: 1324: 1303:Treaty of Peace with Italy 1234:Democratic Front (Albania) 1107:Soviet Socialist Republics 1041:ideology. The burdens the 1015: 952:and Secretary of the Navy 921: 735: 720: 537: 465: 427: 313: 8868: 8837: 8801: 8695: 8649: 8635:Second Sino-Japanese War 8613: 8543: 8495: 8457: 8417: 8293: 8115: 8034: 8010: 7944: 7893: 7815: 7792:William Appleman Williams 7737:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 7519: 7491: 7440: 7372: 7365: 7299: 7164: 7089: 7019: 7012: 6921: 6868: 6800: 6513: 6252:Bangladesh Liberation War 6242:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 6157: 6129:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 6117:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 5780: 5555:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 5532: 5242: 5180: 4752:Christenson, Ron (1991), 4615:, Yale University Press, 4574:Perović, Jeronim (2007). 4360:Cook, Bernard A. (2001). 4251:Journal of Global History 4226:, Oxford University Press 3916:Friedman, Jeremy (2015). 3851:, London: Wm Kimber, 1978 3741:Skidmore & Smith 2005 3729:Skidmore & Smith 2005 3590:Journal of Modern History 2672:– via Google Books. 2644:Yalta: The price of peace 1994:William Appleman Williams 1675:ally, who had fought the 1307:Free Territory of Trieste 1273:On 29 November 1945, the 1194:Hungarian Communist Party 667:. British-trained Polish 492:after the signing of the 444:dictatorship by one party 369:away from this position. 162:List of related conflicts 8553:Auschwitz bombing debate 8239:Indian Rebellion of 1857 8090:Late Bronze Age collapse 8024:List of military museums 6567:1980 Turkish coup d'état 6402:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 6372:1978 Somali coup attempt 6332:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 6297:1973 Chilean coup d'état 6122:Revolutionary Government 6016:South African Border War 5808:1960 Turkish coup d'état 5725:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 5580:1953 Iranian coup d'état 5560:1952 Egyptian revolution 4873:Leffler, Melvyn (1992), 4678:Wettig, Gerhard (2008), 4537:. Berkeley, California: 4509:Lee, Stephen J. (1999), 4472:LaFeber, Walter (2002). 4364:. Taylor & Francis. 4282:Cornell University Press 4092:. Springer. p. 33. 3731:, pp. 121, 160–161. 3663:David M. Glantz (2001). 3245:Hardt & Kaufman 1995 3233:Hardt & Kaufman 1995 3221:Hardt & Kaufman 1995 3083:Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline, 1921:1922 Soviet Constitution 1881:and the United Kingdom. 1747:leaders and much of the 1226:Romanian Communist Party 1123:invaded the Soviet Union 813:Second Quebec Conference 519:between the two states. 458:appealed to Washington. 8916:Cold War historiography 8503:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 8362:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 6772:Fall of the Berlin Wall 6717:People Power Revolution 6702:Central American crisis 6642:1986 Black Sea incident 6292:1973 Afghan coup d'état 6190:Western Sahara conflict 6001:1966 Syrian coup d'état 5924:1963 Syrian coup d'état 5867:Portuguese Colonial War 5830:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 5595:1954 Syrian coup d'état 5472:Annexation of Hyderabad 5415:1947–1949 Palestine war 4848:"Roots of the Cold War" 4846:Huston, Robert (1975). 4205:Brinkley, Alan (1986). 4016:Israel and the Cold War 3706:64 (Fall 2007), 90–101. 3592:, March 1952, pp.42-55. 3474:, 1946, March 14, p. 6. 2931:Peter Byrd, "Cold War" 2289:Encyclopedia Britannica 2238:Encyclopedia Britannica 2206:Michael Senior (2016). 2152:Jerald A Combs (2015). 1973:The usage of the term " 1917:Communist International 1725:Chinese Communist Party 1702: 1632:Guatemalan Armed Forces 1552:Italian Communist Party 1437:Anglo-American alliance 1311:Italian Communist Party 1119:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 851:) commander (and later 546:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 509:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 468:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 354:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 251:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 8626:"Battle for Australia" 8508:Soviet offensive plans 8477:Broad vs. narrow front 8316:Late Ottoman genocides 7066:Neoclassical economics 6577:Gulf of Sidra incident 6134:1969 Libyan revolution 5825:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 5610:1954 Geneva Conference 5370:Turkish straits crisis 5365:Corfu Channel incident 5132:Causes of the Cold War 5104:The division of Europe 5065: 5045:Listen to this article 4922:, Palgrave Macmillan, 4894:, Anthem Press, London 4633:, Simon and Schuster, 4342:Böcker, Anita (1998), 4328:, Simon and Schuster, 4309:. pp. xv–xlviii. 4161:(2003) 33#3 pp 688-90. 4032:Middle Eastern Studies 3834:, London: Faber, 1971. 3466:Stalin Interview With 2179:Todd Chretien (2017). 1966:post-World War I years 1845:of 1917 calling for a 1786:Vietnamese nationalism 1765:nationalist insurgency 1745:Nationalist government 1600:United Nations Command 1536:British Special Forces 1435:, as it called for an 1386: 1321:Origins of containment 1013: 914: 907:James K. Vardaman, Jr. 901:, Russian interpreter 808: 797:settlement in Europe. 751: 562:Attack on Pearl Harbor 535: 533:Allies of World War II 481: 332:, comprised the major 63:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 8855:Torsion mangonel myth 8787:Sri Lankan Civil War 7916:Russia–NATO relations 7797:Jonathan Reed Winkler 7081:Democratic capitalism 7076:Supply-side economics 7044:American conservatism 6843:Breakup of Yugoslavia 6732:Bougainville conflict 6647:South Yemen civil war 6582:Martial law in Poland 6445:Nicaraguan Revolution 6420:Dirty War (Argentina) 6227:1971 JVP insurrection 6041:Years of Lead (Italy) 5919:North Yemen civil war 5837:Berlin Crisis of 1961 5813:Albanian–Soviet split 5745:1959 Tibetan uprising 5710:Syrian Crisis of 1957 5565:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 5425:1948 Arab–Israeli War 5064: 5032:, Department of State 4991:22.4 (1979): 895-920 4852:Conspectus of History 4738:Further information: 4307:Yale University Press 4253:6.3 (2011): 457-480. 4064:11.3 (1989): 409–433. 4034:43.5 (2007): 725–748. 3992:(Princeton UP, 2014). 3845:The Jungle is Neutral 2833:The National Interest 1847:homeland for the Jews 1824:Republic of Kurdistan 1715:Sino-Soviet relations 1713:Further information: 1659:After the war ended, 1598:sent soldiers to the 1506:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1447:Further information: 1439:against the Soviets. 1405:"Iron Curtain" speech 1381: 1325:Further information: 1165:and annexed into the 1032:Percentages Agreement 1018:Percentages agreement 1016:Further information: 1011: 970:1945 general election 913:(partially obscured). 911:Charles Griffith Ross 889:, Secretary of State 880: 866:At the February 1945 861:Operation Unthinkable 803: 771:percentages agreement 745: 723:Operation Unthinkable 677:Percentages Agreement 538:Further information: 530: 479: 455:Franklin D. Roosevelt 428:Further information: 406:Communist revolutions 167:Post-Soviet conflicts 8472:"Blitzkrieg" concept 8343:Powder keg of Europe 8218:Franco-Prussian War 7337:Non-Aligned Movement 6959:Peaceful coexistence 6913:North Borneo dispute 6828:German reunification 6823:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 6521:Salvadoran Civil War 6470:Grand Mosque seizure 6465:Yemenite War of 1979 6357:Mozambican Civil War 6312:Carnation Revolution 6267:Yemenite War of 1972 6205:1970 Polish protests 6036:1967 Hong Kong riots 6011:Argentine Revolution 5961:Guatemalan Civil War 5889:Cuban Missile Crisis 5803:Bay of Pigs Invasion 5675:1956 Poznań protests 5653:Geneva Summit (1955) 5255:Hukbalahap Rebellion 5234:Non-Aligned Movement 5096:More spoken articles 4772:The Second World War 4705:. Washington, D.C.: 4649:Modern Latin America 4541:. pp. 119–153. 4280:. Ithaca, New York: 4005:(1994) pp 37–38, 400 3817:Lester Langley, ed. 3563:Lawrence S Wittner, 3152:Granville, Johanna, 3133:A History of Hungary 3051:Senn, Alfred Erich, 2075:Non-Aligned Movement 1907:took power. In 1919 1773:China-Vietnam border 1739:and took control of 1655:Far East and Pacific 905:, Truman naval aide 817:Henry Morgenthau Jr. 779:spheres of influence 550:Operation Barbarossa 505:Commercial Agreement 342:Imperial German Army 124:Cold War (1985–1991) 119:Cold War (1979–1985) 114:Cold War (1962–1979) 109:Cold War (1953–1962) 104:Cold War (1948–1953) 99:Cold War (1947–1948) 8808:Russo-Georgian War 8781:Sovereignty dispute 8760:Iranian Revolution 8590:"Polish death camp" 8567:In relation to the 8276:Myth of English aid 8267:War of the Pacific 8044:Albigensian Crusade 7782:Alex von Tunzelmann 7772:Vladimir Tismăneanu 7697:Thomas J. McCormick 7692:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 7592:Robert Hugh Ferrell 7455:Crusade for Freedom 7252:Illiberal democracy 7136:Ho Chi Minh Thought 6939:Eisenhower Doctrine 6792:Peaceful Revolution 6787:Romanian Revolution 6767:Revolutions of 1989 6752:1988 Polish strikes 6662:Operation INFEKTION 6657:1987 Lieyu massacre 6562:Eritrean Civil Wars 6545:Peruvian Revolution 6495:1979 Herat uprising 6485:Sino-Vietnamese War 6450:Uganda–Tanzania War 6430:Egyptian–Libyan War 6397:Third Indochina War 6392:Sino-Albanian split 6382:Ethiopian Civil War 6282:Eritrean Civil Wars 6222:Ping-pong diplomacy 6195:Cambodian Civil War 6021:Korean DMZ Conflict 6006:Cultural Revolution 5976:Dominican Civil War 5954:Tlatelolco massacre 5740:1959 Mosul uprising 5730:1958 Lebanon crisis 5457:Al-Wathbah uprising 5380:First Indochina War 5350:Iran crisis of 1946 4984:4#4 (2002): 93-103. 4904:, Scholar's Press, 4236:John Lewis Gaddis, 4116:(vol 1, 1947) p. 2. 3988:Bruce R. Kuniholm, 3754:The Global Cold War 3743:, pp. 410–419. 3669:. pp. 169–70. 3569:Greece in the 1940s 3388:John Lewis Gaddis, 3319:, pp. 141–142. 3295:, pp. 375–377. 2755:on October 14, 2007 2549:, pp. 151–153. 2421:, pp. 515–540. 2314:2001-2009.state.gov 1843:Balfour Declaration 1839:Mandatory Palestine 1677:Japanese occupation 1663:was plunged into a 1421:Westminster College 1258:bourgeois democracy 1252:characteristics of 1157:), part of eastern 1129:(incorporated into 1071:Republic of Mahabad 977:atomic bomb project 732:Wartime conferences 703:to gain control of 673:Maciej Kalenkiewicz 567:Polish officer POWs 496:in 1938 which gave 249:and the subsequent 8911:Cold War by period 8823:Syrian revolution 8735:Malayan Emergency 8710:1948 Palestine war 8443:Spanish Civil War 8393:War guilt question 8202:American Civil War 8182:Invasion of Russia 8158:New Russian School 7936:Russian Revolution 7732:Mary Elise Sarotte 7717:William B. Pickett 7642:Patrick J. Hearden 7622:Gabriel Gorodetsky 7617:Timothy Garton Ash 7602:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 7197:Ethnic nationalism 6949:Hallstein Doctrine 6833:Yemeni unification 6622:1985 Geneva Summit 6587:Casamance conflict 6490:New Jewel Movement 6475:Iranian Revolution 6460:Chadian–Libyan War 6407:Cambodian conflict 6387:Lebanese Civil War 6377:Western Sahara War 6352:June 1976 protests 6347:Cambodian genocide 6112:17 July Revolution 6066:Nigerian Civil War 5981:Rhodesian Bush War 5966:Colombian conflict 5909:Ramadan Revolution 5648:Bandung Conference 5524:Operation Valuable 5405:Partition of India 5066: 4989:Historical Journal 4014:Howard A. Patten, 3903:41:2 (April 2017) 3901:Diplomatic History 2807:The New York Times 2642:Serhii M. Plokhy, 2520:The New York Times 2479:on March 17, 2009. 1897:October Revolution 1810:, adjacent to the 1781:French colonialism 1665:state of emergency 1628:Western Hemisphere 1608:Pan American Union 1491:Secretary of State 1478:, repudiating the 1415:On March 5, 1946, 1163:Karelo-Finnish SSR 1131:two different SSRs 1014: 997:Vyacheslav Molotov 938:Potsdam Conference 924:Potsdam Conference 915: 895:Vyacheslav Molotov 883:Potsdam Conference 809: 761:In late 1943, the 752: 748:Potsdam Conference 629:Polish underground 536: 482: 316:Russian Revolution 310:Russian Revolution 247:Russian Revolution 182:Timeline of events 8888: 8887: 8691: 8690: 8569:Armenian genocide 8432:Polish–Soviet War 8427:Burning of Smyrna 8413: 8412: 8403:Reichstag inquiry 8326:Patriotic consent 8197: 8196: 8172:War in the Vendée 8136:French Revolution 8118:century conflicts 8107:Peloponnesian War 8068:Eighty Years' War 7967: 7966: 7954:List of conflicts 7802:Rudolph Winnacker 7747:Giles Scott-Smith 7722:Ronald E. Powaski 7677:Melvyn P. Leffler 7607:John Lewis Gaddis 7582:Robert D. English 7547:Warren H. Carroll 7537:Michael Beschloss 7506:Nuclear arms race 7487: 7486: 7393:Neues Deutschland 7295: 7294: 7277:White nationalism 7247:Liberal democracy 6984:Ulbricht Doctrine 6974:Brezhnev Doctrine 6782:Velvet Revolution 6526:Soviet–Afghan War 6342:Angolan Civil War 6139:Goulash Communism 5996:ASEAN Declaration 5949:Mexican Dirty War 5847:Annexation of Goa 5798:1960 U-2 incident 5772:Sino-Soviet split 5750:Laotian Civil War 5590:Bricker Amendment 5570:Mau Mau rebellion 5514:Malayan Emergency 5502:Chinese Civil War 5462:Tito–Stalin split 5316:Division of Korea 5120:Winston Churchill 5062: 4973:Porter, Bernard, 4967:978-0-231-10676-4 4949:978-88-95145-27-3 4929:978-0-230-24812-0 4884:978-0-8047-2218-6 4839:978-0-415-33262-0 4821:978-0-415-28954-2 4803:978-0-231-08302-7 4781:978-0-395-41056-1 4763:978-0-88738-406-6 4716:978-0-88029-059-3 4689:978-0-7425-5542-6 4671:978-0-393-30869-3 4640:978-0-671-72868-7 4622:978-0-300-11204-7 4596:10.5167/uzh-62735 4567:978-0-89096-967-0 4548:978-0-520-33110-5 4524:978-0-415-18573-8 4483:978-0-07-284903-5 4437:978-1-56324-612-8 4418:978-1-59420-062-5 4411:. Penguin Press. 4390:978-0-275-96337-8 4353:978-90-5589-095-8 4335:978-0-7432-6085-5 4316:978-0-300-13385-1 4145:978-3-319-33491-2 3927:978-1-4696-2376-4 3886:Gavan McCormack, 3843:Spenser Chapman, 3689:Odd Arne Westad, 3631:, New York, 1979. 3446:978-0-8262-1067-8 3403:The Long Telegram 3401:Kennan, George, " 3085:Stalin's Cold War 3061:978-90-420-2225-6 2950:, pp. 24–26. 2787:978-1-107-02593-6 2696:978-1-316-50369-0 2669:978-0-7190-4107-5 2040:Global historian 2006:John Lewis Gaddis 1903:in 1917 when the 1865:), that included 1749:Republic of China 1709:Chinese Civil War 1642:later that year. 1636:CIA encouragement 1474:made a speech in 1417:Winston Churchill 1288:captured Belgrade 1190:General Secretary 1121:, before Germany 964:'s defeat of the 932:Nuclear arms race 763:Tehran Conference 618:Normandy invasion 614:John Lewis Gaddis 554:Winston Churchill 382:Russian Civil War 378:Winston Churchill 220: 219: 8923: 8877: 8876: 8860:War and genocide 8684: 8670:Résistancialisme 8657:Battle of France 8639:Nanjing Massacre 8493: 8492: 8374: 8373: 8370: 8334: 8284: 8166: 8149: 8122: 8121: 8049:Catharism debate 8035:pre-18th century 8017:Military history 7994: 7987: 7980: 7971: 7970: 7712:David S. Painter 7637:John Earl Haynes 7567:Nicholas J. Cull 7552:Adrian Cioroianu 7532:Thomas A. Bailey 7479:Voice of America 7370: 7369: 7282:White separatism 7262:Social democracy 7257:Guided democracy 7237:Authoritarianism 7187:Ultranationalism 7177:Anti-imperialism 7104:Marxism–Leninism 7017: 7016: 7004:Kinmen Agreement 6969:Johnson Doctrine 6954:Kennedy Doctrine 6870:Frozen conflicts 6853:1991 August Coup 6742:Afghan Civil War 6637:Reykjavík Summit 6632:Somali Rebellion 6572:Ugandan Bush War 6550:Gdańsk Agreement 6071:Protests of 1968 6051:War of Attrition 5760:Cuban Revolution 5696:We will bury you 5663:Cyprus Emergency 5643:Kashmir Princess 5633:Jebel Akhdar War 5482:Western betrayal 5167: 5160: 5153: 5144: 5143: 5086: 5084: 5073: 5072: 5063: 5053: 5051: 5046: 5033: 5001:Yergin, Daniel, 4970: 4952: 4932: 4914: 4887: 4859: 4842: 4824: 4806: 4795: 4784: 4766: 4728: 4692: 4674: 4663: 4652: 4643: 4625: 4607: 4570: 4552: 4527: 4516: 4505: 4487: 4468: 4440: 4422: 4401: 4393: 4375: 4356: 4346:, Het Spinhuis, 4338: 4320: 4295: 4257: 4247: 4241: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4219: 4210: 4203: 4190: 4183: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4123: 4117: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4012: 4006: 3999: 3993: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3959: 3953: 3948:Robert S. Ross, 3946: 3940: 3939: 3913: 3907: 3897: 3891: 3884: 3878: 3871: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3763: 3757: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3713: 3707: 3700: 3694: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3660: 3654: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3625: 3619: 3614:R Harris Smith, 3612: 3606: 3599: 3593: 3586: 3580: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3496: 3487:. Archived from 3481: 3475: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3406: 3399: 3393: 3392:(2011) pp 201–24 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3185: 3170: 3164: 3150: 3144: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3049: 3038: 3032: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3008: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2936: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2739: 2733: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2653: 2647: 2640: 2634: 2627: 2614: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2583: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2475:. Archived from 2465: 2459: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2244: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2122: 2111: 2104: 2098: 2097:(2014) pp 53–55. 2093:Carole K. Fink, 2091: 1988:Since the term " 1935:and the camp of 1929:soviet republics 1855:Arab nationalism 1516:Greece and Italy 1425:Fulton, Missouri 1363:George F. Kennan 1344:Averell Harriman 1295:Fyodor Tolbukhin 1254:market economies 1059:France and Italy 950:Averell Harriman 899:Harry H. Vaughan 868:Yalta Conference 845:Nuremberg trials 794:Yalta Conference 777:into respective 773:" to divide the 689:Atlantic Charter 641:Soviet Air Force 494:Munich Agreement 394:Bainbridge Colby 212: 205: 198: 152:Cold War in Asia 129:Frozen conflicts 42: 18: 17: 8931: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8921: 8920: 8891: 8890: 8889: 8884: 8883: 8864: 8845:Conflict thesis 8833: 8797: 8687: 8678: 8645: 8609: 8539: 8491: 8453: 8419:Interwar period 8409: 8379: 8372: 8364: 8348:Schlieffen Plan 8328: 8289: 8278: 8193: 8160: 8143: 8128: 8117: 8111: 8095:Dorian invasion 8080:Fall of Babylon 8036: 8030: 8029: 8006: 7998: 7968: 7963: 7940: 7931:Second Cold War 7889: 7817: 7811: 7787:Odd Arne Westad 7777:Patrick Vaughan 7762:Athan Theoharis 7742:Ellen Schrecker 7727:Yakov M. Rabkin 7702:Timothy Naftali 7647:Tvrtko Jakovina 7632:Jussi Hanhimäki 7515: 7493: 7483: 7461:Paix et Liberté 7436: 7380:Active measures 7361: 7291: 7272:White supremacy 7232:Totalitarianism 7160: 7085: 7008: 6994:Reagan Doctrine 6989:Carter Doctrine 6929:Truman Doctrine 6917: 6864: 6796: 6691:Soviet reaction 6602:Ndogboyosoi War 6509: 6480:Saur Revolution 6307:1973 oil crisis 6272:Munich massacre 6180:Alcora Exercise 6175:Black September 6153: 5899:Sino-Indian War 5793:Simba rebellion 5776: 5620:Capture of the 5528: 5467:Berlin Blockade 5400:May 1947 crises 5390:Truman Doctrine 5355:Greek Civil War 5344:Blacklist Forty 5311:Gouzenko Affair 5298:Cursed soldiers 5250:Morgenthau Plan 5238: 5176: 5171: 5100: 5099: 5088: 5082: 5080: 5077:This audio file 5074: 5067: 5058: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5044: 5041: 5036: 5015:Young, John W. 4968: 4950: 4930: 4912: 4885: 4840: 4822: 4804: 4782: 4764: 4742: 4736: 4734:Further reading 4731: 4717: 4697:Ziemke, Earl F. 4690: 4672: 4641: 4623: 4568: 4549: 4525: 4503: 4484: 4476:. McGraw-Hill. 4465: 4438: 4430:, M.E. Sharpe, 4419: 4391: 4372: 4354: 4336: 4317: 4292: 4266: 4261: 4260: 4248: 4244: 4235: 4231: 4220: 4213: 4204: 4193: 4184: 4177: 4169: 4165: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4124: 4120: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4084: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4059: 4055: 4042: 4038: 4029: 4025: 4013: 4009: 4000: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3976: 3960: 3956: 3947: 3943: 3928: 3914: 3910: 3898: 3894: 3885: 3881: 3872: 3868: 3859: 3855: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3825: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3780:10.2307/2150608 3764: 3760: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3727: 3723: 3715:Gregory Weeks, 3714: 3710: 3701: 3697: 3688: 3684: 3677: 3661: 3657: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3626: 3622: 3613: 3609: 3600: 3596: 3587: 3583: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3523:10.2307/2147827 3507: 3503: 3494: 3492: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3428: 3424: 3416: 3409: 3400: 3396: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3188: 3172:Gati, Charles, 3171: 3167: 3151: 3147: 3126: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3102: 3098: 3082: 3078: 3070: 3066: 3050: 3041: 3033: 3024: 3016: 3012: 2997:10.2307/1862322 2985: 2981: 2973: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2946: 2939: 2930: 2926: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2889: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2837: 2835: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2809: 2799: 2795: 2788: 2772: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2720: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2697: 2681: 2677: 2670: 2654: 2650: 2641: 2637: 2628: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2584: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2532: 2530: 2512: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2488: 2484: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2453: 2449: 2441: 2437: 2429: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2398:. p. 121. 2390: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2331: 2327: 2318: 2316: 2306: 2302: 2293: 2291: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2255: 2251: 2242: 2240: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2220: 2212:. p. 176. 2204: 2200: 2193: 2185:. p. 129. 2177: 2173: 2166: 2150: 2146: 2139: 2131:. p. 608. 2123: 2114: 2105: 2101: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2056: 2042:Prasenjit Duara 1893: 1887: 1800: 1794: 1751:'s upper class 1733:Chiang Kai-shek 1721: 1711: 1705: 1667:as British and 1657: 1588: 1579: 1560: 1524: 1522:Greek Civil War 1518: 1510:Morgenthau Plan 1502:George Marshall 1494:James F. Byrnes 1480:Morgenthau Plan 1472:James F. Byrnes 1468:Morgenthau Plan 1459: 1449:Morgenthau Plan 1445: 1413: 1407: 1352:Yalta Agreement 1348:Warsaw Uprising 1340: 1334: 1329: 1323: 1280:satellite state 1271: 1169:) and northern 1030:and called the 1024: 1006: 954:James Forrestal 946:Harry S. Truman 934: 922:Main articles: 920: 891:James F. Byrnes 740: 734: 729: 645:Royal Air Force 637:Nazi occupation 633:Warsaw Uprising 558:formal alliance 542: 525: 474: 466:Main articles: 464: 440: 426: 386:William Bullitt 363:Some Bolsheviks 322: 314:Main articles: 312: 282:Berlin Blockade 216: 187: 186: 177:Second Cold War 172:Reagan Doctrine 142: 134: 133: 94: 86: 85: 84: 52: 30:History of the 12: 11: 5: 8929: 8919: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8906:Causes of wars 8903: 8886: 8885: 8882: 8881: 8870: 8869: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8841: 8839: 8835: 8834: 8832: 8831: 8830: 8829: 8821: 8820: 8819: 8817:Responsibility 8814: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8773: 8768: 8767: 8766: 8758: 8757: 8756: 8748: 8743: 8742: 8741: 8733: 8732: 8731: 8729:New Historians 8726: 8721: 8707: 8701: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8673: 8666: 8659: 8653: 8651: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8642: 8641: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8617: 8615: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8595:Responsibility 8592: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8575: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8549: 8547: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8537: 8536: 8535: 8530: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8499: 8497: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8463: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8441: 8440: 8439: 8429: 8423: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8405: 8400: 8390: 8384: 8382: 8371: 8359: 8353:Spirit of 1914 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8323: 8313: 8310:Fischer thesis 8299: 8297: 8291: 8290: 8288: 8287: 8286: 8285: 8273: 8265: 8264: 8263: 8253: 8251:Paraguayan War 8248: 8247: 8246: 8236: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8224: 8216: 8215: 8214: 8209: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8189: 8184: 8177:Napoleonic era 8174: 8169: 8168: 8167: 8155: 8150: 8141:Pre-revolution 8132: 8130: 8126:Coalition Wars 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8097: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8076: 8075: 8065: 8064: 8063: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8040: 8038: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8020: 8012: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8004:historiography 7997: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7974: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7821: 7819: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7757:Timothy Snyder 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7687:Vojtech Mastny 7684: 7682:Geir Lundestad 7679: 7674: 7672:Walter Laqueur 7669: 7667:Walter LaFeber 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7597:André Fontaine 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7527:Gar Alperovitz 7523: 7521: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7457: 7452: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7427: 7422: 7415: 7408: 7403: 7396: 7389: 7382: 7376: 7374: 7367: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7267:Third-Worldism 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7168: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7056:Libertarianism 7053: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7036: 7034:Chicago school 7031: 7025: 7023: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6979:Nixon Doctrine 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6925: 6923: 6922:Foreign policy 6919: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6874: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6857: 6856: 6855: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6707:Operation RYAN 6704: 6699: 6694: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6612:Able Archer 83 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6528: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6362:Oromo conflict 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6302:Yom Kippur War 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6085: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5934:Aden Emergency 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5852:Papua conflict 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5757: 5755:Kitchen Debate 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5715:Sputnik crisis 5712: 5707: 5699: 5692: 5687: 5685:Polish October 5682: 5677: 5672: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5585:Pact of Madrid 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5540:Bamboo Curtain 5536: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5510: 5509: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5339: 5331: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5300: 5295: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5280: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5189: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5170: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5113: 5107: 5089: 5075: 5068: 5056: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5039:External links 5037: 5035: 5034: 5023: 5013: 4999: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4966: 4953: 4948: 4933: 4928: 4915: 4910: 4895: 4888: 4883: 4870: 4860: 4843: 4838: 4825: 4820: 4807: 4802: 4785: 4780: 4767: 4762: 4743: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4715: 4693: 4688: 4675: 4670: 4653: 4651:(6th ed.) 4644: 4639: 4626: 4621: 4608: 4571: 4566: 4553: 4547: 4528: 4523: 4506: 4501: 4488: 4482: 4469: 4463: 4441: 4436: 4423: 4417: 4402: 4394: 4389: 4376: 4370: 4357: 4352: 4339: 4334: 4321: 4315: 4296: 4290: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4242: 4229: 4211: 4191: 4175: 4163: 4150: 4144: 4118: 4105: 4098: 4078: 4066: 4053: 4036: 4023: 4007: 3994: 3981: 3974: 3954: 3941: 3926: 3908: 3892: 3879: 3877:(1977) p 322. 3866: 3853: 3836: 3830:Frank Kitson, 3823: 3810: 3801: 3774:(4): 629–653. 3758: 3745: 3733: 3721: 3708: 3695: 3682: 3675: 3655: 3642: 3633: 3620: 3607: 3594: 3581: 3556: 3552:Beschloss 2003 3544: 3517:(2): 242–269. 3501: 3476: 3472:New York Times 3470:on Churchill. 3459: 3445: 3422: 3407: 3394: 3381: 3369: 3367:, p. 116. 3357: 3345: 3333: 3321: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3283:, p. 128. 3281:McClellan 1969 3273: 3261: 3249: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3186: 3165: 3145: 3120: 3108: 3096: 3076: 3064: 3039: 3022: 3010: 2979: 2964: 2952: 2937: 2924: 2921:on 2005-11-12. 2902: 2887: 2881:. p. 48. 2869: 2857: 2855:, p. 164. 2845: 2819: 2793: 2786: 2766: 2734: 2714: 2702: 2695: 2675: 2668: 2648: 2635: 2615: 2606: 2604:, p. 176. 2594: 2588:, "Cold War." 2586:Walter LaFeber 2575: 2573:, p. 156. 2563: 2561:, p. 151. 2551: 2539: 2506: 2504:, p. 149. 2494: 2482: 2460: 2447: 2435: 2433:, p. 668. 2423: 2411: 2404: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2341:(4): 741–750. 2325: 2300: 2276: 2269: 2249: 2225: 2218: 2198: 2191: 2171: 2164: 2144: 2137: 2112: 2099: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2060:The Great Game 2055: 2052: 2051: 2050: 1998:Walter LaFeber 1979:Bernard Baruch 1971: 1970: 1958: 1957: 1941: 1940: 1913:Soviet Union's 1889:Main article: 1886: 1883: 1828:United Nations 1793: 1790: 1753:fled to Taiwan 1741:Mainland China 1704: 1701: 1692:Robert Menzies 1681:British Empire 1661:British Malaya 1656: 1653: 1587: 1584: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1573: 1559: 1556: 1548:northern Italy 1520:Main article: 1517: 1514: 1444: 1441: 1409:Main article: 1406: 1403: 1391:Clark Clifford 1336:Main article: 1333: 1330: 1322: 1319: 1270: 1267: 1210:Kimon Georgiev 1188:was appointed 1099:Western Europe 1091:United Kingdom 1005: 1002: 989:occupied Japan 958:Clement Attlee 928:Nuclear weapon 919: 916: 903:Charles Bohlen 887:Andrei Gromyko 733: 730: 571:Katyn massacre 524: 521: 517:Eastern Europe 463: 460: 425: 422: 367:Vladimir Lenin 330:Triple Entente 311: 308: 296:Southeast Asia 262:Eastern Europe 218: 217: 215: 214: 207: 200: 192: 189: 188: 185: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 157:Historiography 154: 149: 143: 141:Related topics 140: 139: 136: 135: 132: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 95: 92: 91: 88: 87: 83: 82: 77: 72: 67: 66: 65: 54: 53: 48: 47: 44: 43: 35: 34: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8928: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8880: 8872: 8871: 8867: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8836: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8802:Post-Cold War 8800: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8777: 8776:Falklands War 8774: 8772: 8771:Iran–Iraq War 8769: 8765: 8762: 8761: 8759: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8719:Ongoing Nakba 8716: 8713: 8712: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8694: 8682: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8667: 8665: 8664: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8650:Western Front 8648: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8632: 8631:Bengal famine 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8584: 8581: 8580: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8545:The Holocaust 8542: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8525: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8496:Eastern Front 8494: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8456: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8420: 8416: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8395: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8375: 8368: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8332: 8327: 8324: 8321: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8307: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8292: 8282: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8228: 8227:Paris Commune 8225: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8213: 8212:Turning point 8210: 8208: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8164: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8147: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8120: 8116:18th and 19th 8114: 8108: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8074: 8071: 8070: 8069: 8066: 8062: 8061:Islamic views 8059: 8058: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8033: 8026: 8025: 8021: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8013: 8009: 8005: 8002: 7995: 7990: 7988: 7983: 7981: 7976: 7975: 7972: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7943: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7921:War on terror 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7816:Espionage and 7814: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7767:Andrew Thorpe 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7662:Gabriel Kolko 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7627:Fred Halliday 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7612:Lloyd Gardner 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7572:Norman Davies 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7557:John Costello 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7492:Technological 7490: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7373:Pro-communist 7371: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7300:Organizations 7298: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7114:Eurocommunism 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6944:Domino theory 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6898:South Ossetia 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6861: 6858: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6682:8888 Uprising 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6627:Iran–Iraq War 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6592:Falklands War 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6455:NDF Rebellion 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6435:German Autumn 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6322:Metapolitefsi 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6086: 6084: 6083:Prague Spring 6081: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6061:Al-Wadiah War 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6026:12-3 incident 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5700: 5697: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5605:Domino theory 5603: 5601: 5600:Petrov Affair 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5477:Madiun Affair 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5437:Marshall Plan 5435: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5186:United States 5183: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5163: 5161: 5156: 5154: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5118:Recording of 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5078: 5031: 5030: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5012: 5011:0-395-24670-9 5008: 5004: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4979: 4976: 4972: 4969: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4951: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4934: 4931: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4913: 4911:9786202317269 4907: 4903: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4889: 4886: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4844: 4841: 4835: 4832:, Routledge, 4831: 4826: 4823: 4817: 4814:, Routledge, 4813: 4808: 4805: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4786: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4765: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4642: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4624: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4529: 4526: 4520: 4517:, Routledge, 4515: 4514: 4507: 4504: 4502:9780691076911 4498: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4464:1-59420-065-3 4460: 4456: 4455:Penguin Press 4452: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4439: 4433: 4429: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4403: 4400: 4395: 4392: 4386: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4371:0-8153-4057-5 4367: 4363: 4358: 4355: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4308: 4305:. New Haven: 4304: 4303: 4297: 4293: 4291:0-8014-2186-1 4287: 4283: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4268: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4239: 4233: 4225: 4218: 4216: 4208: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4188: 4182: 4180: 4173: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4147: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4122: 4115: 4109: 4101: 4099:9780230282674 4095: 4091: 4090: 4082: 4075: 4070: 4063: 4057: 4049: 4048: 4040: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4004: 3998: 3991: 3985: 3977: 3975:9780674023710 3971: 3967: 3966: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3889: 3883: 3876: 3873:Russel Ward, 3870: 3863: 3860:Philip Snow, 3857: 3850: 3846: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3820: 3814: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3756:, pp 146–149. 3755: 3749: 3742: 3737: 3730: 3725: 3718: 3712: 3705: 3699: 3692: 3686: 3678: 3676:9780714682006 3672: 3668: 3667: 3659: 3652: 3646: 3637: 3630: 3624: 3617: 3611: 3604: 3598: 3591: 3585: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3554:, p. 277 3553: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3505: 3491:on 2008-07-05 3490: 3486: 3480: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3448: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3420:, p. 28. 3419: 3414: 3412: 3404: 3398: 3391: 3385: 3379:, p. 68. 3378: 3373: 3366: 3361: 3355:, p. 69. 3354: 3349: 3343:, p. 17. 3342: 3337: 3331:, p. xl. 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3307:, p. 14. 3306: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3271:, p. 61. 3270: 3265: 3259:, p. 209 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3223:, p. 11. 3222: 3217: 3211:, p. 17. 3210: 3205: 3199:, p. 50. 3198: 3193: 3191: 3183: 3182:0-8047-5606-6 3179: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3162:1-58544-298-4 3159: 3155: 3149: 3142: 3141:0-253-20867-X 3138: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3118:, p. 794 3117: 3112: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3093:0-7190-4201-1 3090: 3086: 3080: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3036: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3019: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2977:, p. 16. 2976: 2971: 2969: 2962:, p. 28. 2961: 2956: 2949: 2944: 2942: 2934: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2888:9780199371020 2884: 2880: 2873: 2867:, p. 15. 2866: 2861: 2854: 2849: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2808: 2804: 2797: 2789: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2770: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2738: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2712:, p. 21. 2711: 2706: 2698: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2679: 2671: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2652: 2645: 2639: 2632: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2610: 2603: 2598: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2580: 2572: 2567: 2560: 2555: 2548: 2543: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2503: 2498: 2492:, p. 82. 2491: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2457: 2451: 2445:, p. 57. 2444: 2439: 2432: 2427: 2420: 2415: 2407: 2405:9780847694167 2401: 2397: 2396: 2388: 2382:, p. 34. 2381: 2376: 2370:, p. 57. 2369: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2272: 2270:9781847250216 2266: 2262: 2261: 2253: 2239: 2235: 2229: 2221: 2219:9781526709578 2215: 2211: 2210: 2202: 2194: 2192:9781608468805 2188: 2184: 2183: 2175: 2167: 2165:9781317456414 2161: 2157: 2156: 2148: 2140: 2138:9781135506940 2134: 2130: 2129: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2109: 2103: 2096: 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In the 1151:Lithuania 1039:communist 804:Post-war 665:partisans 402:Comintern 8901:Cold War 8879:Category 8697:Cold War 8600:Slovakia 8187:Waterloo 8056:Crusades 8001:Military 7959:Timeline 7949:Category 7894:See also 7386:Izvestia 7227:Islamism 7124:Hoxhaism 6999:Rollback 6878:Abkhazia 6818:Gulf War 6722:Glasnost 6092:incident 5862:Sand War 5720:Ifni War 5229:Rio Pact 5174:Cold War 5094: · 4942:, IPOC, 4725:67-60001 4699:(1968). 4447:(2005). 4274:(1988). 3752:Westad, 3433:(1996). 2759:30 April 2473:NDTV.com 2368:Lee 1999 2355:27551509 2054:See also 1990:Cold War 1975:Cold War 1875:Pakistan 1822:and the 1596:Colombia 1369:and the 1202:Bulgaria 1153:(became 1145:(became 1137:(became 1093:and the 1079:Bulgaria 1045:and the 1043:Red Army 838:General 825:JCS 1067 712:Bornholm 701:Red Army 663:-backed 655:-backed 596:'s mole 266:Red Army 224:Cold War 32:Cold War 23:a series 21:Part of 8838:Related 8791:Origins 8754:Origins 8705:Origins 8261:Origins 8207:Origins 8073:Origins 7449:Amerika 7332:Comecon 7217:Fascism 7207:Zionism 7156:Titoism 6697:Contras 6165:Détente 5442:Comecon 5081: ( 5052:minutes 5021:excerpt 5019:(1999) 4997:2638692 4868:excerpt 4264:Sources 4020:excerpt 4018:(2013) 3952:(1993). 3890:(1983). 3796:2150608 3539:2147827 3005:1862322 2646:(2010). 1634:, with 1624:Caracas 1602:in the 1476:Germany 1292:Marshal 1192:of the 1182:Hungary 1171:Romania 1159:Finland 1143:Estonia 1117:in the 1083:Albania 1075:Romania 1069:or the 968:in the 936:At the 836:Nazi SS 811:At the 792:At the 775:Balkans 446:versus 418:Hungary 414:Bavaria 410:Germany 275:Comecon 93:Periods 50:Origins 8827:Causes 8764:Causes 8739:Causes 8533:Spirit 8467:Causes 8437:Causes 8302:Causes 8271:Causes 8244:Causes 8222:Causes 8153:Causes 7400:Pravda 7202:Racism 7141:Maoism 6893:Kosovo 6414:Condor 6090:Pueblo 6076:May 68 5704:Gladio 5622:Tuapse 5285:Jungle 5277:Priboi 5009: 4995: 4964: 4946: 4926: 4908: 4881: 4836: 4818: 4800: 4778: 4760: 4723: 4713: 4686: 4668: 4637: 4619: 4602: 4564: 4545: 4521: 4499: 4480: 4461: 4434: 4415: 4387: 4368: 4350: 4332: 4313: 4288: 4255:online 4142: 4096: 4001:Arms, 3972: 3934: 3924: 3905:online 3821:(1970) 3794: 3786: 3673: 3537: 3529: 3468:Pravda 3443: 3180: 3160: 3139: 3091: 3059: 3003: 2895: 2885: 2784: 2726:Senate 2693: 2666: 2526: 2402: 2353: 2345: 2267: 2216: 2189: 2162: 2135: 2049:1980s. 1901:Russia 1879:Turkey 1743:. The 1727:under 1455:, and 1356:Poland 1299:Istria 1224:, the 1200:. In 1135:Latvia 1127:Poland 1089:. 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Origins of the Cold War

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