31:
213:
80:
55:
469:, sometimes lays its egg in an oriole blackbird's nest. The incubation period is about 18 days and the incubation is done solely by the female. Both parents join in feeding the chicks with small invertebrates and frogs which are not regurgitated but brought whole to the nest in the parent's beak.
434:
The oriole blackbird grows to a length of nearly 30 cm (12 in). The sexes are similar in appearance. The head, neck, shoulders and underparts are bright yellow; the back, wings, rump and tail are black, apart from the lower wing-coverts showing a strip of yellow. The eye is brown and is
456:
The oriole blackbird is usually seen in pairs or small groups but does not form mixed species flocks. It perches in prominent positions on small trees or on the top of bushes and forages mostly on the ground, especially in muddy areas near water. They feed on invertebrates such as earthworms,
443:
This icterid is found in the northern part of South
America. Its range includes French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Brazil. Its typical habitat is grassy areas with isolated trees near rivers, marshes, islands in rivers and
460:
Breeding takes place in May and June. The nest is a cup-shaped structure about 17 cm (7 in) in diameter, loosely woven out of dry grass and weed stems, and lined with rootlets. The eggs are pale blue with black, brown and lilac blotches and spots. The
435:
surrounded by a black eye ring, and the large bill and feet are blackish. The voice consists of several loud, scratchy calls, uttered from elevated perches or emitted when on the wing. One is a screech that resembles the sound made by a rusty hinge.
480:
is a fairly common species and has a very extensive range. Its total population has not been estimated but its population trend seems to be steady. For these reasons, the
376:, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the oriole blackbird. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the
3315:
2958:
359:
3872:
3270:
3335:
3203:
1067:
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957:
481:
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1198:
1143:
923:
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4043:
3693:
3362:
3169:
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2726:
1968:
647:
Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
311:
3223:
1619:
3473:
4402:
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caterpillars and winged insects, as well as frogs and fruit, and sometimes tear open ripening maize cobs to feed on the seeds.
835:
801:
771:
598:
The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that
Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
4446:
558:
4600:
4590:
4585:
593:
Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés
4595:
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202:
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Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.).
650:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 162.
4480:
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335:
384:
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667:. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 166.
30:
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993:
623:
611:
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596:(in French and Latin). Vol. 2. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 105–106.
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614:(1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus".
4532:
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based on a specimen which he mistakenly believed had been collected in
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687:. Dresden: Expedition der Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. Plate 73.
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354:. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the
299:
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869:
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323:
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as Mexico. The type location was subsequently designated as
318:, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland
793:
The Birds of South
America: Volume 1: The Oscine Passerines
498:
295:
253:
121:
759:
684:
Avium
Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel
511:
338:
included a description of the oriole blackbird in his
274:. It is a medium-sized yellow and black bird found in
763:
Orioles, Blackbirds, and Their Kin: A Natural
History
2974:
2964:
2954:
2722:
1984:
1974:
1964:
1912:
1888:
1843:
1819:
1725:
1694:
1663:
1625:
1615:
360:
International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
616:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
537:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22724166A132027095.en
484:has assessed its conservation status as being of "
4552:
766:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 85–74.
785:
783:
482:International Union for Conservation of Nature
829:
402:that was introduced by the German naturalist
395:. This species is now the only member of the
312:subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest
780:
724:
677:
438:
1571:
836:
822:
796:. University of Texas Press. p. 344.
211:
53:
29:
755:
753:
751:
535:
704:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
700:"Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology"
640:
348:Le troupiale brun de la Nouvelle Espagne
790:Ridgely, Robert S.; Guy, Tudor (1989).
697:
660:
606:
604:
586:
567:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
316:subtropical or tropical moist shrubland
4553:
748:
580:
362:. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist
4266:
4265:
3301:
2932:
2149:
1570:
900:
817:
736:. International Ornithologists' Union
691:
610:
661:Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968).
601:
383:, cited Brisson's work and gave the
4561:IUCN Red List least concern species
551:
523:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
730:"Oropendolas, orioles, blackbirds"
718:
14:
4612:
2150:
760:Skutch, Alexander Frank (1996).
664:Check-list of birds of the world
78:
901:
728:; Donsker, David, eds. (2018).
512:BirdLife International (2018).
3302:
846:finches, sparrows and tanagers
671:
654:
634:
429:
358:and are not recognised by the
352:Icterus Fuscus Novae Hispaniae
1:
2933:
491:
334:In 1760 the French zoologist
422:"moustache". The species is
7:
4601:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
734:World Bird List Version 8.1
329:
10:
4617:
4591:Riverine birds of Amazonia
4586:Birds of the Guiana Shield
451:
346:. He used the French name
4274:
4042:
3945:
3925:
3898:
3871:
3753:
3733:
3692:
3644:
3610:
3506:
3472:
3361:
3334:
3314:
3310:
3297:
3269:
3242:
3222:
3202:
3168:
3148:
2988:
2945:
2941:
2928:
2900:
2880:
2860:
2840:
2806:
2573:
2434:
2414:
2380:
2360:
2340:
2320:
2216:
2196:
2162:
2158:
2145:
2117:
2097:
2049:
2025:
1998:
1592:
1583:
1579:
1566:
1538:
1511:
1491:
1471:
1353:
1284:
1197:
1142:
1066:
983:
956:
922:
913:
909:
896:
852:
588:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
530:: e.T22724166A132027095.
472:
226:
219:
210:
187:
180:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
439:Distribution and habitat
336:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
4596:Birds described in 1766
1573:Nine-primaried oscines
1540:Nine-primaried oscines
4538:Gymnomystax-mexicanus
4520:Paleobiology Database
4306:Gymnomystax mexicanus
4276:Gymnomystax mexicanus
516:Gymnomystax mexicanus
249:Gymnomystax mexicanus
191:Gymnomystax mexicanus
306:, where its natural
4571:American blackbirds
679:Reichenbach, Ludwig
233:Linnaeus, 1766
45:Conservation status
4581:Birds of Venezuela
3316:Catamblyrhynchinae
406:in 1850. The name
404:Ludwig Reichenbach
252:) is a species of
4576:Birds of Colombia
4548:
4547:
4507:Open Tree of Life
4268:Taxon identifiers
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4250:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2045:
2044:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1280:
1279:
803:978-0-292-70756-6
773:978-0-8165-1601-8
381:Oriolus mexicanus
240:
239:
230:Oriolus mexicanus
173:G. mexicanus
162:
68:
24:Oriole blackbird
4608:
4541:
4540:
4528:
4527:
4515:
4514:
4502:
4501:
4489:
4488:
4476:
4475:
4463:
4462:
4450:
4449:
4437:
4436:
4424:
4423:
4411:
4410:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4384:
4372:
4371:
4359:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4336:
4335:
4323:
4322:
4320:2F92B33311F71E7D
4310:
4309:
4308:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4263:
4262:
3873:Porphyrospizinae
3325:Catamblyrhynchus
3312:
3311:
3299:
3298:
3271:Xanthocephalinae
2976:
2966:
2956:
2943:
2942:
2930:
2929:
2842:Rhodinocichlidae
2808:Phaenicophilidae
2724:
2160:
2159:
2147:
2146:
1986:
1976:
1966:
1914:
1890:
1845:
1821:
1727:
1696:
1665:
1627:
1617:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1567:
920:
919:
911:
910:
898:
897:
838:
831:
824:
815:
814:
808:
807:
787:
778:
777:
757:
746:
745:
743:
741:
722:
716:
715:
713:
711:
695:
689:
688:
675:
669:
668:
658:
652:
651:
638:
632:
631:
608:
599:
597:
584:
578:
577:
575:
573:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
539:
509:
244:oriole blackbird
234:
215:
193:
157:
83:
82:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4536:
4531:
4523:
4518:
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4505:
4497:
4494:Observation.org
4492:
4484:
4479:
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4427:
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4414:
4406:
4401:
4393:
4388:
4380:
4375:
4367:
4362:
4354:
4352:
4344:
4339:
4331:
4326:
4318:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4270:
4260:
4247:
4242:Wetmorethraupis
4172:Poecilostreptus
4038:
3941:
3921:
3894:
3867:
3749:
3729:
3688:
3640:
3606:
3502:
3468:
3357:
3352:Parkerthraustes
3336:Charitospizinae
3330:
3306:
3285:
3265:
3238:
3218:
3204:Dolichonychinae
3198:
3164:
3144:
2984:
2937:
2916:
2896:
2876:
2856:
2836:
2802:
2569:
2430:
2410:
2376:
2356:
2336:
2316:
2212:
2198:Calyptophilidae
2192:
2154:
2133:
2113:
2093:
2041:
2021:
1994:
1938:Rhynchostruthus
1730:Dysmorodrepanis
1575:
1554:
1534:
1507:
1493:Urocynchramidae
1487:
1467:
1349:
1276:
1193:
1138:
1068:Lagonostictinae
1062:
979:
952:
905:
892:
848:
842:
812:
811:
804:
788:
781:
774:
758:
749:
739:
737:
723:
719:
709:
707:
706:. Lynx Edicions
696:
692:
676:
672:
659:
655:
639:
635:
609:
602:
585:
581:
571:
569:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
510:
499:
494:
475:
454:
441:
432:
374:twelfth edition
369:Systema Naturae
356:binomial system
332:
232:
206:
195:
189:
176:
156:
77:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
4614:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4529:
4516:
4503:
4490:
4477:
4464:
4451:
4438:
4425:
4412:
4399:
4386:
4373:
4360:
4350:
4337:
4324:
4311:
4296:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4207:Stephanophorus
4203:
4196:
4193:Schistochlamys
4189:
4182:
4179:Pseudosaltator
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4081:Chalcothraupis
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4048:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4026:Trichothraupis
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3963:Coryphospingus
3959:
3951:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3792:Kleinothraupis
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3703:Compsothraupis
3698:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3648:
3646:Hemithraupinae
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3616:
3614:
3612:Emberizoidinae
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3280:Xanthocephalus
3275:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2962:
2951:
2949:
2947:incertae sedis
2939:
2938:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2824:Phaenicophilus
2820:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2633:Artemisiospiza
2629:
2622:
2615:
2612:Amphispizopsis
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2386:
2384:
2382:Mitrospingidae
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2248:Chlorothraupis
2244:
2241:Caryothraustes
2237:
2230:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2166:
2156:
2155:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1706:Coccothraustes
1702:
1692:
1689:Chrysocorythus
1685:
1682:Chlorodrepanis
1678:
1671:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1323:Onychostruthus
1319:
1316:Montifringilla
1312:
1309:Hypocryptadius
1305:
1298:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1084:Euschistospiza
1080:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
989:
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
970:
962:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
943:
936:
928:
926:
917:
907:
906:
894:
893:
891:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
853:
850:
849:
841:
840:
833:
826:
818:
810:
809:
802:
779:
772:
747:
717:
690:
670:
653:
642:Linnaeus, Carl
633:
600:
579:
559:"ITIS Report:
550:
496:
495:
493:
490:
474:
471:
467:brood parasite
453:
450:
446:gallery forest
440:
437:
431:
428:
350:and the Latin
331:
328:
256:in the family
238:
237:
236:
235:
224:
223:
217:
216:
208:
207:
196:
185:
184:
178:
177:
170:
168:
164:
163:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4613:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4200:Sporathraupis
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4109:Cnemathraupis
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3984:Heliothraupis
3981:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3947:Tachyphoninae
3944:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3927:Sporophilinae
3924:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3834:Pseudospingus
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3764:Castanozoster
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3735:Orchesticinae
3732:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3676:Heterospingus
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:Chrysothlypis
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3150:Amblycercinae
3147:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3118:Pseudoleistes
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3090:Macroagelaius
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2979:Pyelorhamphus
2973:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2882:Teretistridae
2879:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2851:Rhodinocichla
2848:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2661:Chlorospingus
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2575:Passerellidae
2572:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2416:Nesospingidae
2413:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2290:Periporphyrus
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2207:Calyptophilus
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2187:Rhynchophanes
2184:
2182:
2181:
2180:Plectrophenax
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2099:Peucedramidae
2096:
2090:
2089:
2088:Tmetothylacus
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:Dendronanthus
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1907:Pyrrhoplectes
1904:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1502:Urocynchramus
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1448:Pseudonigrita
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1257:Stagonopleura
1254:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1029:Glaucestrilda
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
990:
988:
986:
982:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
963:
961:
959:
955:
949:
948:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
934:
930:
929:
927:
925:
921:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
889:
886:Superfamily:
885:
883:
879:
877:
873:
871:
867:
865:
861:
859:
855:
854:
851:
847:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
820:
819:
816:
805:
799:
795:
794:
786:
784:
775:
769:
765:
764:
756:
754:
752:
735:
731:
727:
721:
705:
701:
694:
686:
685:
680:
674:
666:
665:
657:
649:
648:
643:
637:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
607:
605:
595:
594:
589:
583:
568:
564:
562:
554:
538:
533:
529:
525:
524:
519:
517:
508:
506:
504:
502:
497:
489:
487:
486:least concern
483:
479:
470:
468:
464:
463:shiny cowbird
458:
449:
447:
436:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:Ancient Greek
410:combines the
409:
405:
401:
398:
394:
393:French Guiana
390:
386:
385:type location
382:
379:
378:binomial name
375:
371:
370:
365:
364:Carl Linnaeus
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:French Guiana
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:
245:
231:
228:
227:
225:
222:
218:
214:
209:
204:
200:
194:
192:
186:
183:
182:Binomial name
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
160:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:Passeriformes
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
66:
61:
60:Least Concern
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4275:
4240:
4233:
4228:Tephrophilus
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4144:Lophospingus
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4088:Chlorochrysa
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4053:Anisognathus
4051:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4012:Rhodospingus
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3956:Conothraupis
3954:
3934:
3916:Saltatricula
3914:
3907:
3900:Saltatorinae
3887:
3880:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3827:Poospizopsis
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3799:Microspingus
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3742:
3724:Sericossypha
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3681:
3674:
3669:Hemithraupis
3667:
3662:Chlorophanes
3660:
3653:
3633:
3628:Emberizoides
3626:
3621:Coryphaspiza
3619:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3545:Geospizopsis
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3461:
3454:
3449:Pinaroloxias
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3379:Camarhynchus
3377:
3370:
3350:
3345:Charitospiza
3343:
3323:
3278:
3258:
3251:
3244:Sturnellinae
3231:
3211:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3157:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3020:Amblyramphus
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2977:
2967:
2957:
2946:
2889:
2869:
2849:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2776:Spizelloides
2774:
2767:
2762:Rhynchospiza
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2696:Oreothraupis
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2543:Protonotaria
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2494:Limnothlypis
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2445:Basileuterus
2443:
2423:
2403:
2398:Mitrospingus
2396:
2389:
2369:
2329:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:Cardinalidae
2205:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2152:Emberizoidea
2119:Emberizoidea
2106:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:Motacillidae
2034:
2027:Fringillinae
2014:
2009:Chlorophonia
2007:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1917:Rhodacanthis
1915:
1905:
1898:
1893:Psittirostra
1891:
1883:Pseudonestor
1881:
1876:Procarduelis
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1836:
1829:
1824:Melamprosops
1822:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1758:Hesperiphona
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1656:
1649:
1644:Callacanthis
1642:
1635:
1628:
1618:
1610:Agraphospiza
1608:
1601:
1585:Fringillidae
1527:
1522:Anomalospiza
1520:
1500:
1480:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1243:Oreostruthus
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1105:Lagonosticta
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1015:Delacourella
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
972:
965:
958:Erythrurinae
945:
938:
931:
880:Infraorder:
792:
762:
738:. Retrieved
733:
720:
708:. Retrieved
703:
693:
683:
673:
663:
656:
646:
636:
619:
615:
592:
582:
570:. Retrieved
560:
553:
541:. Retrieved
527:
521:
515:
478:G. mexicanus
477:
476:
459:
455:
442:
433:
419:
415:
407:
399:
380:
367:
366:updated his
351:
347:
340:Ornithologie
339:
333:
266:
265:
248:
247:
243:
241:
229:
190:
188:
172:
171:
152:
151:
18:
4481:Neotropical
4416:iNaturalist
4300:Wikispecies
4151:Neothraupis
4137:Ixothraupis
4130:Iridosornis
4074:Calochaetes
4019:Tachyphonus
4005:Ramphocelus
3862:Xenospingus
3855:Urothraupis
3806:Nephelornis
3785:Donacospiza
3771:Cnemoscopus
3755:Poospizinae
3744:Orchesticus
3710:Cyanicterus
3683:Iridophanes
3531:Conirostrum
3517:Acanthidops
3508:Diglossinae
3428:Melanospiza
3193:Psarocolius
3159:Amblycercus
3076:Hypopyrrhus
3069:Gymnomystax
3062:Gnorimopsar
3013:Agelasticus
2999:Agelaioides
2911:See below ↓
2891:Teretistris
2862:Spindalidae
2797:Zonotrichia
2710:Passerculus
2647:Calamospiza
2529:Oreothlypis
2515:Myiothlypis
2487:Leiothlypis
2473:Helmitheros
2459:Catharopeza
2425:Nesospingus
2391:Lamprospiza
2351:See below ↓
2322:Emberizidae
2269:Granatellus
2255:Cyanocompsa
2227:Amaurospiza
2164:Calcariidae
2128:See below ↓
2108:Peucedramus
2000:Euphoniinae
1924:Rhodopechys
1862:Paroreomyza
1848:Orthiospiza
1772:Leucosticte
1751:Hemignathus
1594:Carduelinae
1549:See below ↓
1473:Prunellidae
1434:Plocepasser
1427:Philetairus
1364:Amblyospiza
1271:Taeniopygia
1229:Heteromunia
1199:Poephilinae
1160:Lepidopygia
1144:Lonchurinae
1133:Uraeginthus
1126:Spermophaga
1008:Cryptospiza
985:Estrildinae
947:Ortygospiza
924:Amandavinae
915:Estrildidae
903:Passeroidea
888:Passeroidea
726:Gill, Frank
622:: 317–335.
612:Allen, J.A.
561:Gymnomystax
543:11 November
430:Description
418:"bare" and
408:Gymnomystax
400:Gymnomystax
267:Gymnomystax
159:Reichenbach
153:Gymnomystax
4555:Categories
4533:Xeno-canto
4165:Pipraeidea
4095:Chlorornis
4067:Buthraupis
4044:Thraupinae
3936:Sporophila
3889:Rhopospina
3848:Thlypopsis
3841:Sphenopsis
3694:Nemosiinae
3635:Embernagra
3601:Xenodacnis
3566:Melanodera
3552:Haplospiza
3456:Platyspiza
3435:Melopyrrha
3421:Loxipasser
3372:Asemospiza
3363:Coerebinae
3304:Thraupidae
3213:Dolichonyx
3186:Cassiculus
3170:Cassicinae
3139:Xanthopsar
3083:Lampropsar
2990:Agelaiinae
2969:Pandanaris
2902:Thraupidae
2817:Microligea
2783:Torreornis
2727:Pedinorhis
2717:Passerella
2668:Chondestes
2626:Arremonops
2605:Amphispiza
2591:Ammodramus
2466:Geothlypis
2452:Cardellina
2405:Orthogonys
2362:Icteriidae
2297:Pheucticus
2262:Cyanoloxia
2234:Cardinalis
1989:Xestospiza
1969:Vangulifer
1931:Rhodospiza
1838:Oreomystis
1744:Haemorhous
1668:Chloridops
1658:Carpodacus
1462:Sporopipes
1413:Histurgops
1392:Dinemellia
1385:Bubalornis
1378:Brachycope
1371:Anaplectes
1344:Pyrgilauda
1295:Carpospiza
1286:Passeridae
1264:Stizoptera
1208:Aidemosyne
1188:Spermestes
1174:Mayrimunia
1112:Pyrenestes
1077:Clytospiza
1057:Parmoptila
1043:Nesocharis
1001:Coccopygia
874:Suborder:
844:Genera of
492:References
4566:Icteridae
4033:Volatinia
3977:Eucometis
3970:Creurgops
3882:Incaspiza
3813:Piezorina
3778:Cypsnagra
3580:Phrygilus
3573:Nesospiza
3524:Catamenia
3483:Cyanerpes
3442:Phonipara
3414:Loxigilla
3400:Euneornis
3386:Certhidea
3260:Sturnella
3224:Icterinae
3132:Quiscalus
3125:Ptiloxena
3097:Molothrus
3034:Chrysomus
2959:Cremaster
2935:Icteridae
2871:Spindalis
2831:Xenoligea
2790:Xenospiza
2755:Pooecetes
2741:Pezopetes
2682:Melospiza
2654:Centronyx
2640:Atlapetes
2598:Ammospiza
2584:Aimophila
2564:Vermivora
2557:Setophaga
2522:Oporornis
2508:Myioborus
2501:Mniotilta
2480:Leucopeza
2436:Parulidae
2342:Icteridae
2283:Passerina
2173:Calcarius
2081:Motacilla
2036:Fringilla
1979:Viridonia
1959:Telespiza
1831:Mycerobas
1800:Loxioides
1765:Himatione
1713:Crithagra
1651:Carduelis
1637:Bucanetes
1620:Aidemedia
1399:Euplectes
1355:Ploceidae
1091:Granatina
1036:Mandingoa
994:Brunhilda
974:Erythrura
882:Passerida
856:Kingdom:
572:10 August
424:monotypic
344:New Spain
320:grassland
304:Venezuela
272:monotypic
258:Icteridae
167:Species:
142:Icteridae
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
4460:22724166
4434:10217241
4395:45513460
4333:22724166
4328:BirdLife
4291:Q1585911
4285:Wikidata
4235:Thraupis
4214:Stilpnia
4158:Paroaria
4102:Cissopis
3998:Loriotus
3909:Saltator
3820:Poospiza
3587:Rowettia
3559:Idiopsar
3538:Diglossa
3474:Dacninae
3407:Geospiza
3111:Oreopsar
3104:Nesopsar
3055:Euphagus
3006:Agelaius
2769:Spizella
2703:Oriturus
2689:Melozone
2536:Parkesia
2331:Emberiza
2074:Macronyx
2016:Euphonia
1900:Pyrrhula
1869:Pinicola
1855:Palmeria
1786:Linurgus
1720:Drepanis
1699:Ciridops
1603:Acanthis
1513:Viduidae
1482:Prunella
1420:Malimbus
1337:Petronia
1302:Gymnoris
1250:Poephila
1236:Neochmia
1215:Bathilda
1167:Lonchura
1098:Hypargos
1022:Estrilda
967:Chloebia
940:Amandava
864:Chordata
862:Phylum:
858:Animalia
681:(1850).
644:(1766).
628:2246/678
590:(1760).
372:for the
330:Taxonomy
308:habitats
300:Suriname
280:Colombia
221:Synonyms
199:Linnaeus
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
38:In Peru
4486:oribla1
4408:2484109
4382:oribla1
4356:oribla1
4315:Avibase
4221:Tangara
4186:Rauenia
4123:Dubusia
4060:Bangsia
3717:Nemosia
3594:Sicalis
3497:Tersina
3393:Coereba
3253:Leistes
3233:Icterus
3179:Cacicus
3041:Curaeus
3027:Anumara
2734:Peucaea
2619:Arremon
2550:Seiurus
2371:Icteria
2304:Piranga
1945:Serinus
1814:Magumma
1779:Linaria
1737:Eophona
1675:Chloris
1630:Akialoa
1441:Ploceus
1222:Emblema
1153:Euodice
1119:Pytilia
1050:Nigrita
933:Amadina
876:Passeri
868:Class:
452:Ecology
389:Cayenne
284:Ecuador
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
4525:372261
4512:264482
4447:560330
4346:747425
3490:Dacnis
3463:Tiaris
2748:Pipilo
2060:Anthus
1952:Spinus
1807:Loxops
1455:Quelea
1406:Foudia
1330:Passer
800:
770:
473:Status
420:mustax
416:gumnos
414:words
324:swamps
322:, and
302:, and
292:Guyana
276:Brazil
260:. Its
161:, 1850
4499:79130
4473:84819
4429:IRMNG
4421:10504
4377:eBird
4369:3HSX5
4353:BOW:
4116:Diuca
3991:Lanio
3048:Dives
2675:Junco
2311:Spiza
2276:Habia
1793:Loxia
1529:Vidua
1181:Padda
740:5 May
710:5 May
397:genus
270:, is
262:genus
4468:NCBI
4455:IUCN
4442:ITIS
4403:GBIF
4341:BOLD
870:Aves
798:ISBN
768:ISBN
742:2018
712:2018
574:2014
545:2021
528:2018
465:, a
310:are
296:Peru
254:bird
242:The
203:1766
122:Aves
4390:EoL
4364:CoL
624:hdl
532:doi
488:".
391:in
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4483::
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282:,
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201:,
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1913:†
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