Orkney - Knowledge

1335: 1270: 1079: 5155: 5219: 1404: 3617: 987: 2338: 4659: 5010: 1741: 4026: 855: 772: 4417: 2392: 1805: 123: 1124: 136: 4461: 5411:, which stated that the project "has been hit by alleged sabotage after the destruction and theft of traps that have also killed and injured household pets and other animals" but added that the £6 million programme was supported by most islanders. Another news item stated that some of the traps had "caught and killed family pets as well as hundreds of other animals". A subsequent report confirmed that "Police Scotland is investigating a number of incidents involving damage to and the theft of stoat traps in Orkney". 3772: 1216: 1387:, Orkney was largely Jacobite in its sympathies. At the end of the 1715 rebellion, a large number of Jacobites who had fled north from mainland Scotland sought refuge in Orkney and were helped on to safety in Sweden. In 1745, the Jacobite lairds on the islands ensured that Orkney remained pro-Jacobite in outlook and was a safe place to land supplies from Spain to aid their cause. Orkney was the last place in the British Isles that held out for the Jacobites and was not retaken by the 13111: 5353: 100: 86: 5891:, although no written records survive. No certain knowledge of any pre-Pictish language exists anywhere in Scotland, but there may well have been times of significant overlap. For example, the early Scottish Earls spoke Gaelic when the majority of their subjects spoke Norn, and both of these languages were then replaced by Insular Scots. It is therefore possible that the Pictish aristocracy spoke one language and the common folk an unknown precursor such as 5528: 5001:, based in Kirkwall. The library service provides access to over 145,000 items. They have a wide range of fiction and non-fiction titles available for loan as well as audiobooks, maps, eBooks, music CDs, and DVDs. Orkney Library and Archive operates a Mobile Library Service that serves the rural parishes and islands of Orkney. The Mobile Library carries a wide range of books and audiobooks suitable for all ages and is completely free to use. 8008: 11330: 5542: 5456: 15887: 1974: 8012: 316: 5514: 1992: 1956: 1830: 1920: 1848: 1812: 1866: 1938: 1902: 1884: 143: 3868: 5878:" The centre offers developers the opportunity to test prototype devices in unrivalled wave and tidal conditions. Wave and tidal energy converters are connected to the national grid via seabed cables running from open-water test berths into an onshore substation. Testing takes place in a wide range of sea and weather conditions, with comprehensive round-the-clock monitoring." 4433:

group of 5,000-year-old sites that include the preserved village of Skara Brae and the Ring of Brodgar stone circle". The Hoy area's landscape is also attractive to visitors, "with its scattered woodland, steep valleys, high cliffs and the famous Old Man, a withered red sandstone sea stack". In 2017, 62% of tourists to Orkney visited for its heritage. The

10202: 5847:. On 28 May the next year he also pawned Shetland for 8,000 Rhenish guilders. He secured a clause in the contract that gave future kings of Norway the right to redeem the islands for a fixed sum of 210 kg of gold or 2,310 kg of silver. Several attempts were made during the 17th and 18th centuries to redeem the islands, without success. 4555:

conversion system", developed by a consortium known as the HyDIME project. Initially hydrogen was to power only the auxiliary engine but the plan calls for later using this fuel for the primary engine. The report suggested that "if all goes well, hydrogen ferries could be sailing between Orkney's islands within six months".

4408:: "blighting business activity, travel and tourism". On 1 February 2021, a new plan (subsequent to previous funding schemes) from the Scottish government was announced. The Island Equivalent Payment Fund was designed to "provide the equivalent of Level 4 support to eligible businesses in Orkney and other island areas". 10200: 4537:

stated that "Orkney creates more clean electricity than its inhabitants need. Even after exporting to the UK national grid, the islands' winds, waves and tides generate about 130% of the electricity its population needs – all of it from clean sources". A report about sustainable energy in the islands

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A report published in February 2020 stated that spending by visitors increased from £49.5 million in 2017 to £67.1 million in 2019, making this a significant sector of the economy. The primary attractions that encourage tourism include the "Heart of Neolithic Orkney" on the main island, defined as "a

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The navy base became run down after the war, eventually closing in 1957. The problem of a declining population was significant in the post-war years, though in the last decades of the 20th century, there was a recovery and life in Orkney focused on growing prosperity and the emergence of a relatively

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The Scandinavian peoples, relatively recent converts to Christianity, tended to confer martyrdom and sainthood on leading figures of the day who met violent deaths. Magnus and Haakon Paulsson had been co-rulers of Orkney, and although he had a reputation for piety, there is no suggestion that Magnus

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In 2018, a stoat eradication project was presented by NatureScot to be applied "across Orkney Mainland, South Ronaldsay, Burray, Glimps Holm, Lamb Holm and Hunda, and the biosecurity activities delivered on the non-linked islands of the archipelago". The Orkney Native Wildlife Project planned to use

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as part of a new project" starting in 2021. A hydrogen combustion engine system was to be connected to the airport's heating system. The scheme planned to reduce the significant emissions that were created with older technology that heated buildings and water. This was part of the plan formulated by

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Additional specific information about the status of the hydrogen scheme was published in late November 2020 by Orkney Islands Council. A few weeks earlier, another report indicated that the world's first hydrogen-fueled ferry was to be tested on the Orkney Islands, using "a hydrogen/diesel dual fuel

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67.2% of voters in Orkney voted no to the question "Should Scotland be an independent country?" This was the highest no vote by percentage in any council area in Scotland. Turnout for the referendum was at 83.7% in Orkney with 10,004 votes cast in the area against independence by comparison to 4,883

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The average annual rainfall varies from 850 millimetres (33 in) to 940 millimetres (37 in). Winds are a key feature of the climate and even in summer there are almost constant breezes. In winter, there are frequent strong winds, with an average of 52 hours of gales being recorded annually.

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In the modern era, the population peaked in the mid-19th century at just over 32,000 and declined for a century thereafter to a low of fewer than 18,000 in the 1970s. Declines were particularly significant in the outlying islands, some of which remain vulnerable to ongoing losses. Although Orkney is

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there are around 1,500 businesses on the island. More than 90% have fewer than 10 employees. 11,000 jobs, of which around 5,000 are part-time ... There's not much manufacturing, beyond food and drink processing (think cheese and whisky), and apart from the Flotta oil terminal, it lacks big private

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is relatively mild and the soils are extremely fertile; most of the land is farmed, and agriculture is the most important sector of the economy. The significant wind and marine energy resources are of growing importance; the amount of electricity that Orkney generates annually from renewable energy

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Orkney's success in creating hydrogen using clean energy demonstrates that it can be done at scale. The islands are already using hydrogen to power vehicles, and it will soon be used to heat a local primary school. Now, Orkney is hoping to use hydrogen fuel cells to power a seagoing vessel able to

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were built to close most of the access channels; these had the additional advantage of creating causeways enabling travellers to go from island to island by road instead of being obliged to rely on ferries. The causeways were constructed by Italian prisoners of war, who also constructed the ornate

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The soil of Orkney is generally very fertile and most of the land is taken up by farms, agriculture being by far the most important sector of the economy and providing employment for a quarter of the workforce according to a 2008 report. More than 90% of agricultural land is used for grazing for

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The history of Orkney prior to this time is largely the history of the ruling aristocracy. From then on ordinary people emerge with greater clarity. An influx of Scottish entrepreneurs helped to create a diverse and independent community that included farmers, fishermen and merchants that called

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The volume of visitors arriving on ferries declined substantially in 2020, by 71%, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A news report added that cruise ships also did not arrive and there were "no day trippers and no holiday lets" as of 25 April 2020. Several major events were cancelled: St Magnus

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The introduction of a ground predator like the stoat to islands such as Orkney, where there are no native ground predators, is very bad news for Orkney's native species. Stoats are accomplished predators and pose a very serious threat to Orkney's wildlife, including: the native Orkney vole,

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began the implementation of a Regional Power Zone in the Orkney archipelago, involving "active network management" that will make better use of existing infrastructure and allow a further 15 MW of new "non-firm generation" output from renewables onto the network. 1.5 MW of

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registered enterprises 55% were in agriculture, forestry and fishing, 12% in manufacturing and construction, 12% in wholesale, retail and repairs, and 5% in hotels and restaurants. A further 5% were public service related. 55% of these businesses employ between 5 and 49 people.

834:, fewer large stone structures were built (although the great ceremonial circles continued in use) as metalworking was slowly introduced to Britain from Europe over a lengthy period. There are relatively few Orcadian sites dating from this era although there is the impressive 5820:

has gained some currency of late. The idea is however dismissed out of hand by many scholars. For example, Thompson (2008) states "Henry's fictitious trip to America continues to receive a good deal of unfortunate publicity, but it belongs to fantasy rather than real

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and said, "I order you and all your subjects to be baptised. If you refuse, I'll have you killed on the spot and I swear I will ravage every island with fire and steel." Unsurprisingly, Sigurd agreed and the islands became Christian at a stroke, receiving their own

3802:. The Mainland is split into areas called East and West Mainland. These areas are determined by whether they lie east or west of Kirkwall. The bulk of the mainland lies west of Kirkwall, with comparatively little land east of Kirkwall. West Mainland parishes are: 10963: 5717:

Sigurd The Mighty's son Gurthorm ruled for a single winter after Sigurd's death and died childless. Rognvald's son Hallad inherited the title but, unable to constrain Danish raids in Orkney, he gave up the earldom and returned to Norway, which according to the

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is a native of Orkney, a term that reflects a strongly held identity with a tradition of understatement. Although the annexation of the earldom by Scotland took place over five centuries ago in 1472, some Orcadians regard themselves as Orcadians first and

4494:, off the northern island of Eday. At the official opening of the Eday project the site was described as "the first of its kind in the world set up to provide developers of wave and tidal energy devices with a purpose-built performance testing facility." 1351:

Agricultural improvements beginning in the 17th century resulted in the enclosure of the commons and ultimately in the Victorian era the emergence of large and well-managed farms using a five-shift rotation system and producing high-quality beef cattle.

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The northern group of islands is the most extensive and consists of a large number of moderately sized islands, linked to the Mainland by ferries and by air services. Farming, fishing and tourism are the main sources of income for most of the islands.

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Anderson notes "'The Orkneys' is now, perhaps thankfully, out of fashion, but the fact is that it was once in fashion." The BBC in Scotland generally avoid this usage e.g. although there are numerous examples of its continuing use elsewhere e.g.

5056:. This dialect is at a low ebb due to the pervasive influences of television, education, and the large number of incomers. However, attempts are being made by some writers and radio presenters to revitalise its use and the distinctive sing-song 1764:. Orkney lies between 58°41′ and 59°24′ north, and 2°22′ and 3°26′ west, measuring 80 kilometres (50 mi) from northeast to southwest and 47 kilometres (29 mi) from east to west, and covers 975 square kilometres (376 sq mi). 4570:

and will spread to other areas of Scotland that have access to clean electricity. To achieve that goal, the government announced an investment of £100 million in the hydrogen sector "for the £180 million Emerging Energy Technologies Fund".

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Ferries serve both to link Orkney to the rest of Scotland, and also to link together the various islands of the Orkney archipelago. Ferry services operate between Orkney and the Scottish mainland and Shetland on the following routes:

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not indigenous to the culture of the islands. However, at least two tartans with Orkney connections have been registered and a tartan has been designed for Sanday by one of the island's residents, and there are pipe bands in Orkney.

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listed two options. A new cable could be laid for exporting of energy to the mainland but another proposal has progressed rapidly since that time: making "excess renewable power into another fuel – such as hydrogen – and then it".

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in many ways very distinct from the other islands and archipelagos of Scotland these trends are very similar to those experienced elsewhere. The archipelago's population grew by 11% in the decade to 2011 as recorded by the

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are found on western Hoy, on Deerness in eastern Mainland and on Shapinsay. Correlation between the Hoy volcanics and the other two exposures has been proposed, but differences in chemistry mean this remains uncertain.

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in Canada. The harsh winter weather of Orkney and the Orcadian reputation for sobriety and their boat handling skills made them ideal candidates for the rigours of the Canadian north. During this period, burning

1793:, or "roosts" as some of them are called locally, off many of the isles are swift, with frequent whirlpools. The islands are notable for the absence of trees, which is partly accounted for by the strong winds. 8801:

Chalmers, Jim "Agriculture in Orkney Today" in Omand (2003) p. 127, 133 quoting the Scottish Executive Agricultural Census of 2001 and stating that 80% of the land area is farmed if rough grazing is included.

8043: 4365:. In recent years there has been growth in other areas including tourism, food and beverage manufacture, jewellery, knitwear, and other crafts production, construction and oil transportation through the 5695:

lay at the northern extremity of the British Isles. Similarly, Ritchie describes Tacitus' claims that Rome "conquered" Orkney as "a political puff, for there is no evidence of Roman military presence".

1786:, but the watercourses are merely streams draining the high land. The coastlines are indented, and the islands themselves are divided from each other by straits generally called "sounds" or "firths". 9320: 11117:

Beuermann, Ian "Jarla Sǫgur Orkneyja. Status and power of the earls of Orkney according to their sagas" in Steinsland, Gro; Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar; Rekda, Jan Erik and Beuermann, Ian (eds) (2011)

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on common issues, such as broadband connectivity, and provide a platform for them to communicate directly with the government on the challenges island communities face in terms of levelling up.

10878: 956:, as evidenced by several islands bearing the epithet "Papa" in commemoration of these preachers. Before the Gaelic presence could establish itself the Picts were gradually dispossessed by the 1475:

classless society. Orkney was rated as the best place to live in Scotland in both 2013 and 2014, and in 2019 the best place to live in the UK, according to the Halifax Quality of Life survey.

7398: 5277:. There are five distinct varieties, found on the islands of Sanday, Westray, Rousay, South Ronaldsay, and the Mainland, all the more remarkable as the species is absent on mainland Britain. 6649: 10737: 9660: 4261:

chose not to contest the seat to give the movement a "free run". Their candidate, John Goodlad, came 4th with 3,095 votes, 14.5% of those cast, but the experiment has not been repeated.

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and air connections to the other islands and to the outside world. The island is more heavily populated (75% of Orkney's population) than the other islands and has much fertile

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Fishing has declined in importance, but still employed 345 individuals in 2001, about 3.5% of the islands' economically active population, the modern industry concentrating on

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The Devonian and older rocks of Orkney are cut by a series of WSW–ENE to N–S trending faults, many of which were active during deposition of the Devonian sequences. A strong

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that is up to 800 metres (870 yd) thick in places. It lies unconformably upon steeply inclined flagstones, the interpretation of which is a matter of continuing debate.

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oil terminal. Retailing accounts for 17.5% of total employment, and public services also play a significant role, employing a third of the islands' workforce. There are two

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that draws on the islands' Scandinavian connections. Local customs in the past included marriage ceremonies at the Odin Stone that formed part of the Stones of Stenness.

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in Scotland and realigned the boundaries of many of Scotland's counties. Subsequently, Orkney County Council was created in 1890. Orkney County Council was based at the

10659: 8091: 4490:(EMEC) is a research facility operating a grid-connected wave test site at Billia Croo, off the west coast of the Orkney Mainland, and a tidal power test site in the 11078: 8301: 4280: 1323:

fishery. There is little evidence of an Orcadian fleet until the 19th century, but it grew rapidly, and 700 boats were involved by the 1840s with Stronsay and later

1145:). Along with Sigurd's other sons he ruled Orkney during the first half of the 11th century and extended his authority over a small maritime empire stretching from 10803: 8035: 4273: 1048:

received Orkney and Shetland from Harald as an earldom as reparation for the death of his son in battle in Scotland, and then passed the earldom on to his brother

7168: 4650:, between the islands of Westray and Papa Westray, is scheduled at two minutes' duration but can take less than one minute if the wind is in the right direction. 17475: 4822:

on Westray with Papa Westray - this provides a vital local service for schoolchildren on Papay as well as supplementing existing through sailings from Kirkwall.

9763: 9078: 7839: 931:. The list names six provinces in Roman Britannia: the sixth is the dubious "Orcades provincia", the possible existence of which recent researches re-evaluate. 7747: 10856: 10008: 8534: 16817: 12694: 9308: 9133: 8999: 1094:

Initially a pagan culture, detailed information about the turn to the Christian religion in the islands of Scotland during the Norse era is elusive. The

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When the sagas were written down Orkney had been Christian for 200 years or more and this conversion tale has been described as "blatantly unhistorical".

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and Orkney Islands Council. A report issued in October 2020 stated that over 5,000 traps had been deployed. Specifics were provided as to the locations.

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lies to the east of Scapa Flow and is linked by causeway to South Ronaldsay, which hosts cultural events such as the Festival of the Horse and the Boys'

10522: 7037: 6375: 10711: 9464: 5327:, since they are confined to the foreshore for most of the year to conserve the limited grazing inland. The island was also a habitat for the Atlantic 10777: 9496: 9107: 3806:, Sandwick, Birsay, Harray, Stenness, Orphir, Evie, Rendall and Firth. East Mainland Parishes are: St Ola, Tankerness, St Andrews, Holm and Deerness. 9855: 6132: 5486:

Orkney as a whole, since 1887, has been associated specifically with and as a recruiting area of the following military units that have received the

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on the Mainland, has been dated to 6820–6660 BC, indicating the presence of Mesolithic nomadic tribes. The earliest known permanent settlement is at

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remains from this period are less impressive, the fertile soils and rich seas of Orkney probably provided the Picts with a comfortable living. The

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sheep and cattle, with cereal production utilising about 4% (4,200 hectares (10,000 acres)) and woodland occupying only 134 hectares (330 acres).

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The islands are mainly low-lying except for some sharply rising sandstone hills on Mainland, Rousay and Hoy (where the tallest point in Orkney,

805:, Europe's best-preserved Neolithic settlement, is believed to have been inhabited from around 3100 BC. Other remains from that era include the 15121: 8552: 4525:

Orkney has one of the highest uptakes of electric vehicles in the UK with more than 2% of the vehicles on the road being electric, as of 2019.

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and Finstown (7), the 8 (which does a circular route to and from Kirkwall and Finstown via Stromness and the West Mainland villages, such as

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Genetic studies have shown that 25% of the gene pool of Orkney derives from Norwegian ancestors who occupied the islands in the 9th century.

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In 2021, the island's three-vehicle minibus service for disabled people was a target for hackers seeking a £1,000 ransom in cryptocurrency.

3847:, which lie 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of the archipelago, but form part of Orkney for local government purposes. In island names, the 2488:. The average temperature for the year is 8 °C (46 °F); for winter 4 °C (39 °F) and for summer 12 °C (54 °F). 1451:. Most ships were salvaged, but the remaining wrecks are now a favoured haunt of recreational divers. One month into World War II, a German 17425: 15233: 13424: 13408: 12690: 12002: 7442: 647: 10633: 7727: 1059:, Rognvald's son by a slave, who founded a dynasty that controlled the islands for centuries after his death. He was succeeded by his son 171: 15411: 15289: 12725: 10589: 7563: 6297: 6268: 2365:

series, as may be seen on the Mainland, where a narrow strip is exposed between Stromness and Inganess, and again in the small island of

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and complete darkness is unknown. This long twilight is known in the Northern Isles as the "simmer dim". Winter nights are long. On the

17440: 15243: 14253: 10826: 7879: 7792: 6480: 5432: 4283:, an "Island Forum" was proposed, which would allow local policymakers and residents in Orkney to work alongside their counterparts in 10192:"'We are Orcadian first, and Scottish second' many people would tell me during the course of my fieldwork." McClanahan, Angela (2004) 4400:

employers ... Fisheries off Orkney are only half as important to employment as in Shetland, and farming is roughly twice as important.

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in 681 in which Orkney was "annihilated" may have led to a weakening of the local power base and helped the Norse come to prominence.

827:. According to Dr Hugo Anderson, the second object was as the "size of a cricket ball, perfectly spherical and beautifully finished". 520:

visited Britain – probably sometime between 322 and 285 BC – and described it as triangular in shape, with a northern tip called

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The expression "ferry louper" has a literal meaning of "ferry jumper" i.e. one who has jumped off a ferry as distinct from a native.

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Coull (2003) quotes the old saying that an Orcadian is a farmer with a boat, in contrast to a Shetlander, who is a fisherman with a

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The island is mostly low-lying (especially East Mainland) but with coastal cliffs to the north and west and two sizeable lochs: the

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and other standing stones. Many of the Neolithic settlements were abandoned around 2500 BC, possibly due to changes in the climate.

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from the late 8th century onwards. The nature of this transition is controversial, and theories range from peaceful integration to

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They were certainly politically organised. Ritchie notes the presence of an Orcadian ruler at the court of a Pictish high king at

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In September 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of two polished stone balls in a 5500-year-old Neolithic burial tomb in

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In addition to the Mainland, most of the remaining islands are divided into two groups: the North Isles and the South Isles. The

10073: 8607: 7226: 5790:"St Magnus Cathedral still dominates the Kirkwall skyline – a familiar, and comforting sight, to Kirkwallians around the world." 17430: 16078: 14359: 13082: 12686: 9725: 4647: 4584: 1297: 1277: 876:

built about 700 BC and similar finds have been made at Bu on the Mainland and Pierowall Quarry on Westray. The most impressive

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Abrams, Lesley "Conversion and the Church in the Hebrides in the Viking Age: "A Very Difficult Thing Indeed" in Ballin Smith

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with 700 trees and lush gardens was created from a boggy hillside near Stenness during the second half of the 20th century.

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In July 2023, Orkney Council were investigating proposals to change its status, looking at options that included becoming a

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Thompson (2008) suggests that there was an element of Roman "boasting" involved, given that it was known to them that the

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Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two)

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sources exceeds its demand. Temperatures average 4 °C (39 °F) in winter and 12 °C (54 °F) in summer.

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The Seaforth Highlanders, Queens Own Highlanders, The Highlanders Regiment and 4th Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland.

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and have a rich body of folklore. Orkney contains some of the oldest and best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe; the "

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Lamb (2003) counted 60 words "with correlates in Old Norse only" and 500 Scots expressions in common use in the 1950s.

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the Scottish government for the Highlands and Islands "to become the world's first net zero aviation region by 2040".

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have led excavations at the Ness of Brodgar, contributing to tourism to the area and driving interest in archaeology.

1000:(on the right, with fair hair) took control of Orkney in 875. He is shown here inheriting his kingdom from his father 16098: 15671: 12948: 11410: 11322: 11308: 11281: 11218: 11190: 11176: 11162: 11148: 11112: 11017: 10266: 10124: 10059: 9075: 7836: 7710:

Marshall, J.E.A., & Hewett, A.J. "Devonian" in Evans, D., Graham C., Armour, A., & Bathurst, P. (eds) (2003)

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that provides a food source for many species of fish, seabirds, seals, whales and dolphins, and are now protected as

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The Orkney Movement, a political party that supported devolution for Orkney from the rest of Scotland, contested the

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The other islands in the group are classified as north or south of the Mainland. Exceptions are the remote islets of

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The Heart of Neolithic Orkney in its Contemporary Contexts: A case study in heritage management and community values

9343:"Press release: Energy system of the future to be demonstrated in Orkney : EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre" 7744: 6008: 907:

invasion of Britain the "King of Orkney" was one of 11 British leaders who is said to have submitted to the Emperor

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Native Orcadians refer to the non-native residents of the islands as "ferry loupers" ("loup" meaning "jump" in the

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and many dialect words of Norse origin remain in use. The Orcadian word most frequently encountered by visitors is

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breed that has evolved to eat seaweed. Their unique genetic inheritance makes them of interest to conservationists.

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Ioannis Tzetzes, Chiliades, book 8, 8.63 CONCERNING THE ISLES OF THE HESPERIDES AND THE BRITISH ISLES (STORY 218)

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The first averages table below is for the largest settlement Kirkwall's weather station, the second is for the

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Lawson Handley, L-J; Byrne, K.; Santucci, F.; Townsend, S.; Taylor, M.; Bruford, M. W.; Hewitt, G. M. (2007).

3666:

covering 34 rural settlements. Ten of these CCAs were formed on Mainland, replacing 13 civil parishes and two

17435: 17389: 17343: 17228: 17102: 16519: 16494: 16073: 15326: 12545: 10519: 10219: 9744: 9346: 8138: 7034: 6467: 6372: 4658: 4487: 4468: 4464: 4395:

A new report, published in September 2020, provided updates about several significant aspects of the economy:

4171: 1231: 949:

began to influence the islands towards the close of the Pictish era, perhaps principally through the role of

892:. The nature and origin of these buildings is a subject of debate. Other structures from this period include 413: 16707: 11523: 9460: 7819:. (pdf) "Caledonian Igneous Rocks of Great Britain: Late Silurian and Devonian volcanic rocks of Scotland". 6853: 1067:

often used Orkney as a raiding base before being killed in 954. Thorfinn's death and presumed burial at the

17445: 17208: 17203: 16529: 15284: 14522: 14390: 14344: 13330: 12941: 12347: 12327: 11562: 10769: 10115: 9486: 9099: 8917: 8774: 7665: 6551: 6004: 5754:

at different times during the early period and from the mid-twelfth century to 1472 was subordinate to the

5424: 4498: 4476: 4254: 2384:

in age, is dominated by lacustrine beds of the lower and upper Stromness Flagstones that were deposited in

1154: 164: 17: 16767: 15961: 14859: 10342: 9852: 5048:, which lingered until the end of the 18th century, when it eventually died out. Norn was replaced by the 4843: 17198: 16702: 16394: 16289: 15866: 15336: 15263: 14948: 14163: 14153: 14035: 13616: 13186: 13168: 12964: 12670: 12560: 12417: 11988: 10454: 9544: 9285: 5606: 5596: 869: 806: 623: 386: 16797: 16474: 16314: 14299: 11119:

Ideology and power in the Viking and Middle Ages: Scandinavia, Iceland, Ireland, Orkney and the Faeroes

10004:"The ogham-inscribed spindle-whorl from Buckquoy: evidence for the Irish language in pre-Viking Orkney?" 8973: 8588:"Social Work Inspection Agency: Performance Inspection Orkney Islands Council 2006. Chapter 2: Context." 5954:

The word is of uncertain origin and has also been attested in the Lothians and Fife in the 19th century.

4942:

ferry to and from Aberdeen and Lerwick, at Hatston Ferry Terminal, to Kirkwall, Finstown and Stromness.

1026:

expeditions carried out against Norway and the coasts of mainland Scotland. In response, Norwegian king

17042: 16574: 16544: 16429: 16169: 15619: 15363: 15258: 15238: 14975: 14486: 13526: 12711: 12377: 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 9874: 8162: 7936: 7688:"2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland - Release 1C (Part Two)" 5176: 5172: 4998: 4183: 3655: 1485: 1328: 13110: 10685: 4072:

are both linked by ferry to the Mainland and Hoy, and the latter is known for its large oil terminal.

1161:

in 1066. Paul and Erlend quarrelled as adults and this dispute carried on to the next generation. The

17384: 17047: 16419: 16093: 15116: 14829: 14587: 14319: 14314: 13859: 13601: 13142: 12660: 12635: 12625: 12615: 12575: 12570: 10320: 10282: 10003: 9608: 9196: 8518: 8232: 6689: 6057:

MacMahon, Peter and Walker, Helen (18 May 2007) "Winds of change sweep Scots town halls". Edinburgh.

5641: 5611: 5399: 5182:

The Scottish mainland is often referred to as "Scotland" in Orkney, with "the mainland" referring to

4731:

Inter-island ferry services connect all the inhabited islands to Orkney Mainland and are operated by

4502: 4434: 4421: 3830: 1319:

From at least the 16th century, boats from mainland Scotland and the Netherlands dominated the local

1201: 1158: 495: 17268: 13489: 11121:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 A.D. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. 8657: 8549: 16892: 16444: 16414: 16409: 16129: 15741: 15396: 15268: 14897: 14849: 14349: 13849: 13809: 13000: 12749: 12650: 12645: 12540: 12512: 12339: 12287: 6015: 5571: 4479:

has recently come into prominence. Although Orkney is connected to the mainland, it generates over

4381: 4164: 2021: 1489: 1316:

and who proved themselves increasingly able to defend their rights against their feudal overlords.

1227: 897: 401: 281: 247: 38: 16977: 16259: 8943: 7876: 5586: 17415: 17112: 17057: 16787: 16514: 16364: 16319: 16279: 14425: 14189: 14102: 13739: 12875: 12535: 12492: 12422: 11555: 7687: 5751: 5519: 5420: 4979: 4627: 4384:). With the Deerness Distillery, a third whisky distillery is to be added in the summer of 2023. 4258: 4206: 1356: 1341:

1654 map of Orkney and Shetland. Mapmakers at this time continued to use the original Latin name

742:

Usage of the plural "Orkneys" dates from the 18th century or earlier and was used by for example

31: 17243: 17087: 16737: 7439: 6493:“Winterwatch 2024 - Meet the presenters and find out more about this season's wildlife stories”. 3662:, which had an advisory, rather than an administrative role. Orkney's parishes were replaced by 17193: 16762: 16499: 16304: 16294: 16189: 16024: 14941: 14655: 14537: 14369: 13854: 13693: 13683: 13353: 13049: 13037: 13012: 12703: 12655: 12630: 12620: 12407: 11918: 11587: 11446:

Nicol, Christopher (2012) Eric Linklater's Private Angelo and The Dark of Summer Glasgow: ASLS

7724: 5755: 5336: 5026: 4480: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4187: 3755: 3640: 3633: 1444: 1289: 1138: 957: 547: 452: 425: 421: 252: 106: 17283: 17082: 16164: 14324: 10586: 9814: 8142: 7547: 6291: 6256: 4440:

During most years, the islands are the home of several international festivals, including the

4416: 2380:

The Middle Devonian is divided into three main groups. The lower part of the sequence, mostly

1184:

owed allegiance both to Norway for Orkney and to the Scottish crown through their holdings as

17238: 17137: 16922: 16742: 16124: 16083: 16044: 15976: 15946: 15664: 15544: 15389: 15085: 14773: 14729: 14334: 14239: 14123: 13995: 13688: 13473: 13297: 12555: 12525: 12520: 12372: 12225: 10499: 9246:. (2007) Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution and Southern Electric Power Distribution. 8846: 8587: 6717: 5888: 5800: 5320: 5313: 4871: 4686: 3871: 2452:

that originated from the bed of the North Sea demonstrate the influence of ice action on the

2155: 1981: 1388: 1301: 1273: 885: 468: 17323: 16802: 16717: 16667: 14778: 13478: 11532: 8918:"Erste Orkney-Brennerei seit 138 Jahren: Fassverkauf finanziert Bau der Deerness Distillery" 8521:. alba.org.uk – "The almanac of Scottish elections and politics". Retrieved 9 February 2010. 7789: 6334: 5803:

on South Ronaldsay but there is no evidence for this other than the coincidence of the name.

2472:

Orkney has a cool temperate climate that is remarkably mild and steady for such a northerly

1078: 1034:, comprising Orkney and Shetland, in 875 (it is clear that this story, which appears in the 1018:

saw a significant influx of Norwegian settlers during the late 8th and early 9th centuries.

17348: 17263: 17127: 17022: 17002: 16626: 16524: 16484: 16479: 16459: 16424: 16359: 16269: 16234: 16194: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16039: 15951: 15163: 15005: 14804: 14471: 14446: 14364: 14309: 14273: 13959: 13928: 13724: 13289: 13178: 13077: 13072: 12734: 12675: 12640: 12590: 12565: 12230: 11897: 10574:

Trichecodon huxlei (Mammalia: Odobenidae) in the Pleistocene of southeastern United States.

10463: 9316: 5817: 5561: 5118: 4863: 4635: 3719:

South Ronaldsay and Burray (union of ancient parishes of St Mary's, St Peter's, and Burray)

2481: 1197: 1045: 1041: 417: 17288: 16777: 16249: 14616: 8114:"Local government legislation - County and Parishes viewer - National Library of Scotland" 7809: 5566: 4558:

Kirkwall Airport in Orkney was scheduled "to have its heat and power decarbonised through

699: 528:, from which Orkney is visible. Writing in the 1st century AD, the Roman geographers 8: 17293: 17188: 17107: 16872: 16727: 16454: 16404: 16384: 16324: 16284: 16209: 16061: 15918: 15629: 15549: 15406: 15353: 15341: 15042: 14661: 14627: 14491: 14481: 14476: 14138: 13777: 13719: 13606: 13374: 13307: 12550: 12497: 12387: 9631:"Council, SIC moves ahead in developing hydrogen as an alternative fuel 2 September 2020" 8474: 7641: 7514: 7242: 6612:"Two mysterious stone balls found buried in 5,500-year-old 'disappearing' tomb in Orkney" 6101:

Breeze, David J. "The ancient geography of Scotland" in Smith and Banks (2002) pp. 11–13.

5487: 5133: 4483:

according to a 2015 report. This comes mainly from wind turbines situated across Orkney.

4194: 4179: 3833: 2500: 2495:

To tourists, one of the fascinations of the islands is their "nightless" summers. On the

1782:, can be found) and rugged cliffs on some western coasts. Nearly all of the islands have 1305: 1209: 1174: 1134: 1127: 950: 873: 502: 460: 409: 17303: 16897: 16274: 15826: 14415: 10934: 10908: 10467: 9657:"Scotland Invests in Offshore Wind and Tidal Energy for Green Hydrogen 20 December 2020" 9257:

Facilitate generation connections on Orkney by automatic distribution network management

7089: 5435:, is also located in the islands. The seas to the northwest of Orkney are important for 4938:, Quoyloo, Dounby and Stenness), and the X10, which connects the late-night call of the 4700:

on South Ronaldsay (seasonal passenger only service, operated by John o' Groats Ferries)

1364:

briefly became a mainstay of the islands' economy. For example, on Shapinsay over 3,000

1230:

in Orkney, en route to mainland Scotland, created a disputed succession that led to the

915:(modern Colchester). After the Agricolan fleet had come and gone, possibly anchoring at 629:

ending. Some earlier sources alternatively hypothesise that Orkney comes from the Latin

122: 17278: 17273: 17218: 16837: 16782: 16672: 16559: 16464: 16389: 16379: 16309: 16264: 16239: 16229: 16199: 16159: 16139: 15821: 15801: 15439: 15401: 15384: 15331: 15305: 15131: 15077: 14824: 14809: 14714: 14609: 14410: 14329: 14168: 13744: 13506: 13134: 13056: 12835: 12605: 12600: 11882: 11843: 11643: 11041:"Royal Navy divers take to the streets of Orkney after their awarded Freedom of Orkney" 10487: 10448:

Haynes, S., Jaarola M., & Searle, J.B. (2003). "Phylogeography of the common vole (

9025: 7461:

Scotland's Census 2001 – Occasional Paper No 10: Statistics for Inhabited Islands

6313: 5905: 5747: 5187: 4971: 4831: 4445: 4303: 4101: 4089: 3803: 3799: 1463: 1456: 1416: 1392: 1185: 1087: 1049: 1027: 997: 928: 766: 626: 16967: 14577: 13228: 8354: 8113: 7596: 6504: 17363: 17298: 17258: 17248: 17223: 17132: 17117: 17032: 16957: 16902: 16827: 16757: 16712: 16599: 16469: 16439: 16434: 16399: 16369: 16349: 16334: 16254: 16134: 16088: 16034: 15956: 15861: 15609: 15500: 15358: 14844: 14839: 14704: 14496: 14466: 14430: 14148: 14128: 14084: 14010: 14005: 13760: 13729: 13521: 13317: 12886: 12487: 12462: 12452: 12397: 12265: 11887: 11877: 11492: 11482: 11468: 11447: 11437: 11423: 11406: 11392: 11376: 11318: 11304: 11291: 11277: 11263: 11245: 11228: 11214: 11200: 11186: 11183:

West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

11172: 11158: 11144: 11130: 11108: 10606: 10479: 10475: 10196: 10120: 10070: 10055: 9999: 9100:"Covid in Scotland: NorthLink ferry passengers down 71% on last year 7 December 2020" 8871: 8724: 8456: 7553: 7223: 6416:

The University of California, Irvine. Revised 8 March 2003. Retrieved 4 October 2007.

6344: 5114: 4987: 4939: 4812: 4716: 4707: 4703: 4618:

Within Orkney, the council operates airports on most of the larger islands including

4608: 4600: 4405: 4152: 4011: 3999: 3659: 3644: 3558: 3186: 2477: 2438: 2346: 2332: 2165: 1999: 1772: 1219: 1001: 981: 755: 550:

had "discovered and subjugated the Orcades hitherto unknown" (although both Mela and

456: 444: 16722: 16344: 13766: 9722: 6168: 4452:

Festival, Orkney Folk Festival, Stromness Shopping Week and the Agricultural Shows.

1355:

In the 17th century, Orcadians formed the overwhelming majority of employees of the

1269: 424:, one of only three councils in Scotland with a majority of elected members who are 17328: 17253: 17233: 17213: 17147: 17092: 17077: 17062: 17007: 16847: 16832: 16374: 16354: 16339: 16329: 16244: 16224: 16214: 16204: 16144: 16009: 15941: 15657: 15604: 15470: 15462: 15447: 15379: 15346: 15056: 14854: 14814: 14752: 14676: 14582: 14527: 14420: 14143: 14133: 14074: 14000: 13949: 13864: 13734: 13379: 13218: 12789: 12665: 12595: 12472: 12367: 12245: 12172: 11954: 11853: 11602: 11239: 11126: 10491: 10471: 10419: 10301: 8446: 8323: 7233:

University Library, University in Bergen. (Norwegian). Retrieved 13 September 2009.

6774: 5341: 5289: 5183: 5090: 5057: 5049: 4975: 4967: 4891: 4804: 4776: 4690: 4662: 4619: 4612: 4596: 4588: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4425: 4377: 4327: 3814: 3766: 2515: 2511:

can occasionally be seen on the northern horizon during moderate auroral activity.

2362: 2358: 2225: 2125: 1927: 1768: 1384: 1250: 1222:

stained glass window depicting "Margaret, queen of Scotland and daughter of Norway"

1117: 1112: 1099: 1083: 920: 919:, direct Roman influence seems to have been limited to trade rather than conquest. 889: 779: 712: 487: 382: 330: 16792: 16677: 9929: 9764:"Orkney minibus service for disabled targeted by international ransomware hackers" 9732:

Westray and Papa Westray Craft and Tourist Associations. Retrieved 7 January 2010.

9372: 8202: 7637: 7473: 6448: 3731:

Stronsay (union of ancient parishes of Lady, St Nicholas, and Stronsay St Peter's)

17410: 17338: 17097: 17012: 16972: 16952: 16937: 16917: 16862: 16857: 16852: 16822: 16646: 16614: 16509: 16299: 16219: 16154: 16149: 16119: 15786: 15734: 15624: 15513: 15475: 15217: 15158: 15034: 14907: 14892: 14864: 14834: 14819: 14799: 14643: 14637: 14552: 14456: 13985: 13954: 13869: 13401: 13384: 13325: 13158: 13153: 12850: 12825: 12820: 12754: 12580: 12362: 12357: 12139: 12065: 11913: 11688: 11658: 11537: 11527: 10593: 10526: 10426: 10365: 10346: 10327: 10309: 10289: 10270: 10251: 10206: 10180: 10143: 10077: 9878: 9859: 9840: 9821: 9748: 9729: 9710: 9691: 9433: 9265: 9255: 9166: 9082: 8853: 8831: 8644: 8594: 8575: 8556: 8538: 8506: 8390: 8188: 8169: 7943: 7924: 7905: 7843: 7816: 7796: 7751: 7731: 7649: 7622: 7603: 7525: 7517: 7480: 7446: 7250: 7230: 7172: 7096: 7041: 6992: 6783: 6696: 6558: 6530: 6511: 6455: 6432: 6425: 6413: 6379: 6243: 6236: 6217: 6186: 6120: 6113: 6077: 6070: 5799:

It is often believed that the princess's death is associated with the village of

5720: 5533: 5386: 5305: 5281: 5246: 5238: 5168: 5076: 4991: 4839: 4744: 4697: 4631: 4604: 4491: 4307: 4243: 4085: 4061: 3936: 3932: 3887: 3794:, are on this island, which is also the heart of Orkney's transport system, with 2508: 2449: 2235: 2095: 1873: 1753: 1447:

was transferred in its entirety to Scapa Flow to await a decision on its future.

1249:

Evidence of the Viking presence is widespread and includes the settlement at the

1170: 1072: 1036: 992: 817: 775: 736: 613: 551: 431:

The islands have been inhabited for at least 8,500 years, originally occupied by

52: 17152: 17072: 10543: 8636: 8403: 7961: 6155:

ac simul incognitas ad id tempus insulas, quas Orcadas vocant, invenit domuitque

5467: 5394:"humane DOC150 and DOC200 traps". The partners in the five-year project include 4404:

The report expressed concern about the loss of business caused by the worldwide

1006: 17379: 16992: 16962: 16579: 15993: 15589: 15584: 15579: 15490: 15480: 15452: 15200: 15183: 15178: 15047: 14922: 14632: 14622: 14400: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14158: 14118: 14097: 14025: 14015: 13913: 13874: 13803: 13345: 13233: 13192: 13044: 13032: 12987: 12805: 12779: 12482: 12447: 12442: 12296: 12047: 11923: 11678: 11415: 10576:, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 122:129–142. 10173: 7917: 7399:"Orkney crowned best place to live in the UK in Halifax quality of life survey" 6404: 6207: 5581: 5547: 5258: 5207: 5137: 4974:, broadcasts twice daily, with local news and entertainment. Orkney also had a 4867: 4748: 4732: 4673: 4639: 4559: 4288: 4108: 4077: 4057: 4053: 4029: 3960: 3891: 3810: 3629: 2428: 2396: 2385: 2255: 2010: 1779: 1757: 1752:, a ten-kilometre-wide (6 mi) seaway between Brough Ness on the island of 1749: 1468: 1408: 1258: 1189: 1031: 986: 939: 839: 824: 603: 533: 370: 274: 234: 216: 92: 15518: 9703: 9518: 9156: 7898: 6308:. (English translation, with translator's notes, of Torfaeus, Thormodus, 1697) 5856:

For example at the Fall of Warness the tide can run at 4 m/s (7.8 knots).

1391:

until 24 May 1746, over a month after the defeat of the main Jacobite army at

17404: 17333: 17167: 16747: 16636: 15791: 15776: 15729: 15485: 15168: 14964: 14917: 14902: 14887: 14874: 14783: 14757: 14742: 14694: 14557: 14395: 14278: 14020: 13975: 13933: 13923: 13626: 13483: 13416: 12907: 12892: 12830: 12800: 12794: 12610: 12530: 12382: 12352: 12255: 12088: 11818: 11663: 11385: 11354:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 279–281. 11341: 11336: 10611: 10244: 9959: 9684: 9161: 8263: 7883: 7712:

The Millennium Atlas: petroleum geology of the central and northern North Sea

7018: 6211: 5743: 5297: 5094: 5053: 5045: 4902:(3), from Kirkwall and Finstown to Tingwall (from which there are ferries to 4370: 4296: 4210: 4112: 3987: 3948: 3856: 3065: 2453: 2420: 1239: 1235: 1205: 1064: 858: 843: 813: 794: 491: 381:

and has about 70 islands, of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, the

200: 186: 173: 9899: 9309:"Pioneering Orkney energy project offers glimpse of fossil fuel-free future" 9244:

Registered Power Zone Annual Report for period 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007

7291:

Thomson, William P.L. "Agricultural Improvement" in Omand (2003) pp. 93, 99.

5323:

is an unusual breed of domesticated animal, subsisting largely on a diet of

4982:, which broadcast to Kirkwall and parts of the mainland and also to most of 1292:, in his capacity as King of Norway, as security against the payment of the 385:, has an area of 523 square kilometres (202 sq mi), making it the 17067: 16932: 16752: 16609: 15923: 15913: 15806: 15634: 15599: 14912: 14737: 14567: 14542: 14385: 14339: 13990: 13980: 13793: 13223: 13202: 12922: 12917: 12897: 12865: 12810: 12774: 12585: 12502: 12467: 12392: 12250: 12159: 12154: 12144: 12124: 11828: 11813: 11729: 11708: 11668: 10483: 10452:) with particular emphasis on the colonization of the Orkney archipelago". 10136: 10100: 8752: 8460: 8451: 8434: 7270:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) pp. 78–79.

7117:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) pp. 72–73.

7071:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) pp. 66–68.

5892: 5887:

There is convincing place-name evidence for the Picts' use of Brythonic or

5866: 5285: 5250: 4990:

broadcasts throughout Orkney on an FM transmitter just outside Thurso. The

4955: 4915: 4911: 4800: 4740: 4623: 4373: 4124: 3995: 3991: 3983: 3967: 3940: 3899: 2504: 1436: 1338: 1285: 1215: 1068: 904: 798: 743: 558: 14451: 13266: 11013: 10447: 10263: 8689:"Scottish independence: no campaigners buoyed by first referendum results" 7662:"Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland" 6642:"Archaeologists discover rare stones in a 'disappearing' tomb in Scotland" 5352: 4257:(a coalition of the Orkney movement and its equivalent for Shetland). The 4088:

on the third Saturday in August. It is also the location of the Neolithic

943: 676: 631: 17122: 17052: 16907: 16641: 16604: 16589: 16449: 15780: 15714: 15699: 15614: 15195: 15095: 14405: 14304: 14173: 13918: 13698: 12840: 11964: 11693: 11648: 11211:

The 45: Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising

11181:

Ballin Smith, Beverley; Taylor, Simon; and Williams, Gareth (eds) (2007)

10378: 8815:"Orkney Economic Review No. 23." (2008) Kirkwall. Orkney Islands Council. 5576: 5382: 5369: 5365: 5266: 5262: 5234: 5223: 4883: 4780: 4764: 4140: 4128: 4093: 4073: 4049: 3935:. Rousay is well known for its ancient monuments, including the Quoyness 3840: 2485: 2425: 2265: 1432: 1103: 1056: 961: 912: 593: 525: 362: 99: 16947: 15523: 14208: 11980: 10220:"Ethnicity, Identity, Language and Religion | Scotland Census 2011" 8499: 7615: 5017:

At the beginning of recorded history, the islands were inhabited by the

838:

near the Ring of Brodgar and various island sites such as Tofts Ness on

16697: 16662: 15856: 15851: 15594: 15528: 14699: 14092: 14030: 13639: 13511: 13163: 12912: 12880: 12870: 12855: 12845: 12769: 12432: 12427: 12240: 12164: 12101: 11892: 11653: 7987: 7886: 7318:

Thomson, William P.L. "Agricultural Improvement" in Omand (2003) p. 98.

7245:

Universitas, Norsken som døde (Norwegian) Retrieved 13 September 2009.

7108:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) p. 64.

7080:

Crawford, Barbara E. "Orkney in the Middle Ages" in Omand (2003) p. 69.

6582:"Polished, 5,500-Year-Old Stone Balls Found in Neolithic Scottish Tomb" 6514:(3 November 2007) Stone Pages Archaeo News. Retrieved 6 September 2009. 6009:"Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" 5840: 5498: 5373: 5309: 5254: 5158:

The Bridge of Brodgar, Stenness, 1875 by Walter Hugh Patton (1828–1895)

5129: 5041: 4923: 4895: 4643: 4045: 4019: 4007: 3844: 3233: 2403: 1428: 1424: 1188:. In 1231 the line of Norse earls, unbroken since Rognvald, ended with 953: 893: 831: 802: 790: 654: 432: 15766: 12933: 10358: 9221:(Press release). Highlands and Islands Enterprise. 28 September 2007. 8533:(1 October 2009) www.snptacticalvoting.com Retrieved 9 February 2010. 5186:. The archipelago also has a distinct culture, with traditions of the 4341:

A 2009 report indicated the traditional sectors of the economy export

3939:

and Egilsay has the ruins of the only round-towered church in Orkney.

2525:

Climate data for Kirkwall, 26m asl, 1991–2020 normals, Extremes 1951–

393:. Orkney's largest settlement, and also its administrative centre, is 85: 17142: 17017: 16987: 16772: 16554: 15876: 15796: 15751: 15719: 15508: 14882: 14747: 14709: 14649: 14532: 13585: 13580: 13335: 12784: 12199: 12109: 12083: 12070: 12060: 12055: 12031: 11787: 11734: 11724: 11683: 8892:"Orkney: Plans for island's first new whisky distillery in 138 years" 8824: 6804:

Crawford, Iain "The wheelhouse" in Smith and Banks (2002) pp. 118–22.

5759: 5705: 5407: 5270: 5242: 5230: 5171:

second. However in response to the national identity question in the

5163: 5149: 5102: 5030: 5009: 4983: 4847: 4819: 4760: 4724: 4136: 4120: 4097: 4056:

at its northern end is the highest elevation in the archipelago. The

4025: 4015: 4003: 3975: 3956: 3911: 3898:, which has a population of 550. It is connected by ferry and air to 3818: 3791: 3775: 2496: 2391: 2354: 2295: 2199:

Not listed in mid-2020 census, indicating a population less than 500.

2145: 2071: 1963: 1837: 1761: 1440: 1412: 1324: 1243: 1123: 916: 662: 583: 579: 555: 436: 378: 67: 11520: 9833: 6872: 5816:

the first Sinclair Earl, voyaged to North America many years before

5312:. Although stands of trees are generally rare, a small forest named 4310:

within the Kingdom of Norway or just staying in the United Kingdom.

3890:, which lies 4 kilometres (2 mi) beyond its nearest neighbour, 3829:

constructions. Four of the main Neolithic sites are included in the

1304:. However, the money was never paid, and Orkney was absorbed by the 16927: 16887: 16619: 16594: 16066: 15988: 15908: 15846: 15841: 15771: 15761: 15756: 15704: 15210: 15173: 15061: 15015: 14689: 14666: 14562: 14547: 14461: 13703: 13678: 13575: 13565: 13358: 13197: 13148: 13024: 12995: 12902: 12764: 12738: 12477: 12331: 12235: 12210: 12129: 12114: 12026: 11858: 11808: 11781: 11698: 11638: 11608: 9373:"Is Orkney 'in the fast lane' on electric vehicles? 12 August 2019" 8779: 8775:"Orkney council to look at proposals to become territory of Norway" 8637:"Candidates and Constituency Assessments: Orkney (Highland Region)" 8432: 8324:"Saints in Scottish Place-Names – Stronsay, modern parish (Orkney)" 7864:

Chalmers, Jim "Agriculture in Orkney Today" in Omand (2003) p. 129.

5843:(Council of the Realm), Christian pawned Orkney for 50,000 Rhenish 5637: 5591: 5436: 5293: 5199: 5086: 5037: 4899: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4768: 4756: 4592: 4567: 4292: 4284: 4190:

since 1950, longer than any other they represent in Great Britain.

4116: 4065: 4033: 3952: 3944: 3907: 3787: 2507:

the sun rises at 09:05 and sets at 15:16. At this time of year the

2473: 2410: 2381: 2366: 2350: 2337: 2285: 2083: 2059: 1855: 1819: 1415:

was built and decorated by Italian prisoners of war working on the

1373: 1365: 1254: 1150: 1015: 965: 908: 877: 810: 786: 671: 517: 448: 394: 374: 366: 307: 264: 13516: 11335:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

9741: 8384:

Genetic study reveals 30% of white British DNA has German ancestry

7775:

Mykura, W. (with contributions by Flinn, D. & May, F.) (1976)

7766:

Brown, John Flett "Geology and Landscape" in Omand (2003) pp. 4–5.

6468:“Ring of Brodgar: Temporary toilets ruled out for Orkney landmark” 5210:), a term that has been in use for nearly two centuries at least. 4522:, and grid batteries and electric vehicles also use local energy. 4460: 2413:

fold traverses Eday and Shapinsay, the axis trending north-south.

771: 486:

The local people are known as Orcadians; they speak a distinctive

16942: 16867: 16842: 16812: 16807: 16692: 16019: 15981: 15886: 15871: 15836: 15724: 15680: 15190: 15051: 15000: 14719: 14684: 14603: 14512: 13570: 13274: 12220: 12215: 12093: 11838: 11703: 11633: 11623: 8658:"BBC News – In maps: How close was the Scottish referendum vote?" 6144: 5844: 5541: 5324: 5301: 5274: 5110: 5098: 5075:

Orkney has a rich folklore, and many of the former tales concern

4935: 4907: 4808: 4796: 4736: 4669: 4362: 4323: 3966:

Other small uninhabited islands in the North Isles group include

3928: 3924: 3906:

is at the centre of the North Isles. The centre of the island is

3895: 2461: 2432: 2374: 2245: 1449:

The German sailors opened the seacocks and scuttled all the ships

1320: 969: 880:

structures of Orkney are the ruins of later round towers called "

543: 529: 513: 15694: 15010: 14933: 12733: 9871: 8137: 7855:

Brown, John Flett "Geology and Landscape" in Omand (2003) p. 10.

7587:

Brown, John Flett "Geology and Landscape" in Omand (2003) p. 19.

5376:, Scotland's nature agency, provided these additional specifics: 5280:

The coastline is well known for its colourful flowers including

5128:

The best known literary figures from modern Orkney are the poet

3240:

Source 2: Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute/KMNI Infoclimat

1280:, whose betrothal led to Orkney passing from Norway to Scotland. 854: 30:

This article is about the Scottish islands. For other uses, see

17157: 16877: 16687: 16584: 16564: 16056: 16049: 16029: 15831: 15559: 15090: 14990: 14517: 13798: 13634: 12759: 12194: 12177: 12149: 12134: 12119: 12075: 11848: 11833: 11823: 11803: 11739: 11673: 11628: 11613: 10339: 9487:"This small island chain is leading the way on hydrogen power'" 9461:"Is Orkney the hydrogen capital of the world? 25 November 2019" 6570:

Ritchie, Graham "The Early Peoples" in Omand (2003) pp. 32, 34.

6257:"Strictures on Mr. Laing's Dissertation on the Poems of Ossian" 5921: 5665: 5602:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

5340:) used to live in Heldale Water on Hoy. It has been considered 5328: 5308:

is found only on the coasts of Orkney and nearby Caithness and

5191: 5106: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4903: 4887: 4879: 4875: 4835: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4772: 4720: 4366: 4350: 4346: 4335: 4144: 4081: 4069: 3971: 3920: 3914: 3910:

and the island's main industries have been peat extraction and

3848: 3826: 3782:

The Mainland is the largest island of Orkney. Both of Orkney's

2417: 2370: 2305: 2275: 2135: 2115: 2105: 1945: 1909: 1891: 1452: 1377: 1193: 1162: 1146: 1023: 1019: 862: 499: 15709: 11458:

Steering the Stone Ships: The Story of Orkney Kirks and People

10379:"Dictionary of the Scots Language :: DOST :: Lowp V" 9277: 7779:

Institute of Geological Sciences. Natural Environment Council.

6795:

Ritchie, Graham "The Early Peoples" in Omand (2003) pp. 35–37.

6481:“The big idea: why the UK needs a triple lock against poverty” 4830:

Local buses around the Orkney Mainland, as well as across the

3771: 3251:

Climate data for Orkney: Loch of Hundland, 28m asl, 1981–2010

900:, the latter usually in association with earlier broch sites. 17037: 17027: 16982: 15903: 15816: 15746: 15066: 14995: 13279: 12437: 12270: 11744: 11071:"Freedom of Orkney honour presented to Northern Diving Group" 6198:

Waugh, Doreen J. "Orkney Place-names" in Omand (2003) p. 116.

5645: 5361: 5195: 5080: 5022: 5018: 4475:

Orkney has significant wind and marine energy resources, and

4148: 4132: 4052:, to the west, is the second largest of the Orkney Isles and 3979: 3875: 3822: 3795: 3783: 3667: 2446: 2442: 2402:

The Old Man of Hoy is formed from sandstone of the uppermost

1740: 1369: 1293: 946: 935: 924: 881: 575: 505:. Orkney also has an abundance of marine and avian wildlife. 464: 440: 11509: 10089:

Lamb, Gregor "The Orkney Tongue" in Omand (2003) pp. 250–53.

9989:

Lamb, Gregor "The Orkney Tongue" in Omand (2003) pp. 248–49.

7549:

The Law of the Sea: The European Union and Its Member States

6390: 6388: 6003: 5668:, thus giving an alternative of "island(s) of (the) salmon". 4763:

are served from Kirkwall harbour, while the northern end of

4545:

published more specific information about the hydrogen plan:

3943:

to the south-east contains the site of Cubbie Roo's castle.

657:

settlers arriving from the late ninth century reinterpreted

336: 17162: 16732: 16569: 15811: 14985: 12815: 12412: 11618: 8294:"South Ronaldshay & Burray, Orkney, Scotland Genealogy" 7625: 7545: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7489: 5443:(NCMPA) that covers 4,365 km (1,685 sq mi). 5405:

Not all was going well as of 15 January 2021, according to

4752: 4358: 4354: 4342: 4331: 3903: 3867: 3778:

on the Mainland is the second-largest settlement in Orkney.

2457: 2315: 1790: 1783: 1361: 1108: 735:), a name that stems from a 16th-century mistranslation by 705: 636: 345: 15649: 11373:

The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic

10155:

Muir, Tom "Customs and Traditions" in Omand (2003) p. 270.

9571:"How hydrogen is transforming these tiny Scottish islands" 9403:"How hydrogen is transforming these tiny Scottish islands" 9192: 8944:"Study of Orkney economy sheds light on island prosperity" 6755:

Ritchie, Graham "The Early Peoples" in Omand (2003) p. 33.

4735:, a company owned by Orkney Islands Council. The isles of 1086:

of Norway, who forcibly Christianised Orkney. Painting by

12260: 11547: 10827:"Stoats of Orkney weasel out of cull thanks to saboteurs" 10530: 10164:

Drever, David "Orkney Literature" in Omand (2003) p. 257.

9491: 8475:"The Festival of the Horse and the Boys' Ploughing Match" 7937:"Climatology: Sunrise/Sunset for Orkney, United Kingdom " 6831:

Ritchie, Graham "The Early Peoples" in Omand (2003) p. 36

6385: 4542: 4534: 4388: 1748:

Orkney is separated from the mainland of Scotland by the

1106:

on his way from Ireland to Norway. The King summoned the

27:

Archipelago, county and council area in northern Scotland

10962:. Scottish Natural Heritage. December 2010. p. 17. 10041:

Lamb, Gregor "The Orkney Tongue" in Omand (2003) p. 250.

9219:"First Minister Opens New Tidal Energy Facility at EMEC" 8720:"New islands forum should not be 'box ticking exercise'" 7486: 7458:

General Register Office for Scotland (28 November 2003)

6969:

Wenham, Sheena "The South Isles" in Omand (2003) p. 211.

5733:

Sigurd the Stout was Thorfinn Skull-splitter's grandson.

5066:, meaning 'small', which may be derived from the French 4274:

2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

3955:

is south of Stronsay and has a population of only five.

3951:

lie much further to the east across the Stronsay Firth.

587: 11491:

Dance, Gaia (2013) "The Sea Before Breakfast." Amazon.

7205: 968:. It has been suggested that an assault by forces from 727:"Horse Island". The island is sometimes referred to as 10879:"Police Investigate Stoat Trap Damage 11 January 2021" 9130:"Why The Tourism Sector Needs To Change 25 April 2020" 8509:

alistaircarmichael.org.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2009.

5991:

Wickham-Jones (2007) p. 1 states there are 67 islands.

4213:

of the Liberal Democrats. Before McArthur the MSP was

1055:

However, Sigurd's line barely survived him and it was

11516:

Vision of Britain – Groome Gazetteer entry for Orkney

11260:

Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History

11169:

In the Shadow of the Brochs, the Iron Age in Scotland

10368:

stromnesspipeband.co.uk. Retrieved 19 September 2009.

10009:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

9853:

Superstation Orkney ends community radio broadcasting

8608:"Orkney Islands Council : Election 2017 Results" 7826:: Chapter 9, p. 2731. JNCC. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 7427:

Wenham, Sheena "Modern Times" in Omand (2003) p. 110.

6873:"Orcades/Orkney: the 6th roman province in Britannia" 6701:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

6470:

BBC News. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2024.

6293:

Ancient History of Orkney, Caithness, & the North

5931: 5915: 5830:

The Maeshowe inscriptions date from the 12th century.

5004: 4878:(2), and from Stromness (5) to the ferry terminal at 1771:, a group further out, by a body of water called the 1331:

never became as dominant as in other Scottish ports.

692:

was later removed in English leaving the modern name

617: 607: 342: 339: 58: 10957:"The special qualities of the National Scenic Areas" 10037: 10035: 9713:

Orkney Islands Council. Retrieved 13 September 2009.

9545:"EGEB: Scotland trials world's first hydrogen ferry" 9026:"THE 20 MOST BEAUTIFUL ISLANDS TO VISIT IN SCOTLAND" 8597:

The Scottish Government. Retrieved 8 September 2009.

8426: 7583: 7581: 7044:

Firth's Celtic Scotland. Retrieved 9 September 2009.

6906:

Ritchie, Anna "The Picts" in Omand (2003) pp. 42–46.

5936:– used to describe a small sheep in the North Isles. 5509: 5029:

is cited as evidence for the pre-Norse existence of

4713:

Aberdeen to Kirkwall (operated by NorthLink Ferries)

4424:

at the Ness of Brodgar have contributed to Orkney's

4155:

lie further south, closer to the Scottish mainland.

1372:) of burned seaweed were produced per annum to make 10052:

Testimony of the Orkneyingar: Place Names of Orkney

7539: 7474:"Scotland's 2011 census: Island living on the rise" 7023:

Fasti Ecclesia Scoticanae Medii Aevii ad annum 1638

5229:Orkney has an abundance of wildlife, especially of 3722:

St Andrews and Deerness (united at an unknown date)

333: 10853:"Row over stoat cull after mass deaths of animals" 10330:tartans.scotland.net. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9998: 9843:thesuperstation.co.uk. Retrieved 19 September 2009 9762: 7282:Coull, James "Fishing" in Omand (2003) pp. 144–55. 6786:. The Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 6505:"Hazelnut shell pushes back date of Orcadian site" 6080:Shetland Islands Council. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 5908:words exist in the language of modern Orcadians – 5839:Apparently without the knowledge of the Norwegian 5658: 5179:in Orkney were in line with the national average. 4811:area of the Orkney mainland. As well as this, the 2345:The superficial rock of Orkney is almost entirely 10989:"North-west Orkney Marine Protected Area Summary" 10292:tartans.scotland.net Retrieved 19 September 2009. 10032: 9429:"How Orkney leads the way for sustainable energy" 8500:"Alistair Carmichael: MP for Orkney and Shetland" 7578: 6688:Whittington, Graeme and Edwards, Kevin J. (1994) 6189:(pdf) (12 June 2002) University of Wales. p. 101. 3817:. The Mainland contains the remnants of numerous 2518:, a rural location to the northwest of Mainland. 2476:, due to the influence of the warm waters of the 17402: 13842: 12326: 11934:Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency) 10520:"Boggy hillside reborn as Orkney forest reserve" 8578:Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 8 September 2009. 8559:Scottish Parliament. Retrieved 8 September 2009. 6690:"Palynology as a predictive tool in archaeology" 6048:Lamb, Raymond "Kirkwall" in Omand (2003) p. 184. 4994:station Caithness FM also broadcasts to Orkney. 1478: 1177:, still today a dominating feature of Kirkwall. 1063:and during this time the deposed Norwegian King 1044:and some scholars believe it to be apocryphal). 443:. Orkney was colonised and later annexed by the 8748:"Gove announces Levelling-up forum for islands" 7955: 7449:Vision of Britain. Retrieved 21 September 2009. 6897:Ritchie, Anna "The Picts" in Omand (2003) p. 39 6561:worldtimelines.org.uk Retrieved 23 August 2008. 5648:is run by a Conservative/Independent coalition. 2353:age. As in the neighbouring mainland county of 884:" and their associated settlements such as the 789:shell, recovered in 2007 during excavations in 722: 716: 687: 681: 665: 73: 13417:A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland 10770:"Orkney stoat eradication project awarded £6m" 10349:kirkwallcity.com. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9052:"Project Case Studies - Neolithic archaeology" 8856:(1999) (pdf) HIE. Retrieved 20 September 2009. 8531:"The Untouchable Orkney & Shetland Isles " 7835:Hall, Adrian and Brown, John (September 2005) 7777:British Regional Geology: Orkney and Shetland. 7743:Hall, Adrian and Brown, John (September 2005) 7723:Hall, Adrian and Brown, John (September 2005) 4953:Orkney is served by a weekly local newspaper, 4444:in September, a folk festival in May, and the 4242:, and the remaining councillor represents the 3677:Birsay and Harray (united in the 19th century) 1973: 1492:populations as a whole grew by 4% to 103,702. 37:"Orcadia" redirects here. For other uses, see 15665: 14949: 14224: 13143:Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site 12949: 12719: 12312: 11996: 11563: 11237: 10536: 8203:"Genuki: Orkney Parishes and Islands, Orkney" 7224:"Diplom fra Shetland datert 24.november 1509" 6533:Historic Scotland. Retrieved 3 February 2010. 6495:BBC “Winter Watch”. Retrieved 8 January 2024. 6483:. ‘’The Guardian’’. Retrieved 8 January 2024. 5347: 4100:are connected by road to the Mainland by the 3686:Evie and Rendall (united in the 16th century) 3680:Cross and Burness (united at an unknown date) 3673:The original civil parishes were as follows: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 1514: 1169:, who was killed in April 1116 by his cousin 934:By the late Iron Age, Orkney was part of the 569: 554:had previously referred to the islands). The 13425:A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland 13409:Description of the Western Isles of Scotland 11167:Ballin Smith, B. and Banks, I. (eds) (2002) 10504:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10119:. Scottish National Dictionary Association. 9751:. Orkney Ferries Ltd. Retrieved 16 May 2012. 8435:"Genetic structure of European sheep breeds" 8396: 8066:"Climatologie de l'année à Kirkwall Airport" 7984:"Kirkwall Airport (Orkney Islands) averages" 7552:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 530. 6220: 5372:, was also harming native bird populations. 5261:are also seen around the coasts. Inland the 5117:. In earlier versions of Arthuriana such as 5067: 5044:. The Norse language changed into the local 4882:(from which inter-island ferries operate to 4595:provides services to the Scottish mainland ( 3734:Walls and Flotta (united at an unknown date) 923:wrote a list of Late Roman provinces, which 648:Ecclesiastical History of the English People 15412:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 11225:From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795 9601:"Green hydrogen set to decarbonise airport" 8686: 7946:The Weather Channel. Retrieved 12 May 2012. 7799:. Scottish Natural Heritage Review No. 100. 7704: 7344: 7342: 7336:Duffy (2003) pp. 464–465, 528, 533–534, 550 6839: 6837: 6443: 6441: 6336:Venerabilis Baedae Historiam Ecclesiasticam 6153: 5925: 5909: 5061: 4648:shortest scheduled air service in the world 4566:Hydrogen manufacturing is also planned for 2499:, the sun rises at 04:00 and sets at 22:29 1744:Map of Orkney showing main transport routes 1342: 1098:suggests the islands were Christianised by 1075:, led to a long period of dynastic strife. 1022:made the islands the headquarters of their 801:, which dates from 3500 BC. The village of 697: 640: 597: 568:Etymologists usually interpret the element 537: 377:, Orkney is 10 miles (16 km) north of 17476:Counties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922) 15672: 15658: 15122:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 14956: 14942: 14231: 14217: 12956: 12942: 12726: 12712: 12319: 12305: 12003: 11989: 11570: 11556: 9881:Caithness FM. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9694:Visit Orkney. Retrieved 13 September 2009. 9680: 9678: 9076:"Do not disturb: Oakhurst Cottage, Orkney" 8191:at orkney.gov.uk; retrieved 15 August 2020 8172:at Orkney.gov.uk; retrieved 15 August 2020 6223:Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 6109: 6107: 5433:Hoy and West Mainland National Scenic Area 3931:lie north of the west Mainland across the 2178: 1180:Unusually, from c. 1100 onwards the Norse 578:tribal name meaning "young pig" or "young 546:in AD 98, claiming that his father-in-law 14238: 12010: 11929:Orkney (Scottish Parliament constituency) 11038: 10607:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" 10566: 10304:www.clackson.com. Retrieved 2 June 2007. 10199:/University of Manchester, p. 25 (§3.47) 10146:. Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9089:, 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015. 8868:Whiskypedia. A Gazetteer of Scotch Whisky 8519:"Candidates and Constituency Assessments" 8450: 7927:. Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7762: 7760: 7278: 7276: 7166:"Earl Henry Sinclair: The Zeno Narrative" 7047: 6406:Rerum Scoticarum Historia: The First Book 6097: 6095: 5441:Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area 4874:. There are also buses from Kirkwall via 4528: 4508:polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis 3620:Council Offices on School Place, Kirkwall 1327:becoming leading centres of development. 1264: 1226:In 1290, the death of the child princess 1153:. Thorfinn died around 1065 and his sons 797:, a Neolithic farmstead on the island of 680:"islands" to the end, so the name became 391:tenth-largest island in the British Isles 11543:A Checklist of the Flora of Orkney, 2013 11432:Lo Bao, Phil and Hutchison, Iain (2002) 11340: 11303:(1990). London. J. Whitaker & Sons. 10933:. Orkney Islands Council. Archived from 10907:. Orkney Islands Council. Archived from 10113:Grant, W. and Murison, D.D. (1931–1976) 9761:Kampfner, Constance (22 December 2021). 9760: 8859: 8656:Jeavans, Christine (19 September 2014). 7499: 7366: 7339: 7211: 7056: 6960:Thompson (2008) p. 30 quoting chapter 5. 6834: 6438: 6435:Orkneyjar.com. Retrieved 4 October 2007. 5446: 5351: 5217: 5153: 5008: 4676:operate a fleet of inter-island ferries. 4657: 4459: 4415: 4276:63.2% of voters in Orkney voted Remain. 4044:The southern group of islands surrounds 4024: 3963:are a short distance north of Kirkwall. 3866: 3855:, meaning "island". Those described as " 3770: 3615: 2390: 2336: 1739: 1402: 1333: 1268: 1214: 1122: 1077: 985: 853: 770: 12963: 10415: 10413: 10273:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 10254:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 10183:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9872:"Welcome to the Caithness F.M. website" 9675: 9000:"ORKNEY ISLANDS VISITOR SURVEY RESULTS" 8865: 8842: 8840: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8745: 8655: 8639:alba.org.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2008 7908:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7872: 7870: 7790:"Orkney landscape character assessment" 7606:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7435: 7433: 7134: 7132: 6332: 6114:"Early Historical References to Orkney" 6104: 5636:The other independent-run councils are 5125:the King of Orkney is named Gunfasius. 4846:. The main route is the X1, connecting 4771:are served from Stromness harbour, the 4234:consists of 21 members, 18 of whom are 14: 17403: 14360:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland 11020:from the original on 27 September 2020 10174:"The Orcadians – The people of Orkney" 9383:from the original on 13 September 2019 9260:(pdf) DTI. Retrieved 18 October 2007. 7757: 7546:Tullio Treves; Laura Pineschi (1997). 7510: 7508: 7273: 7099:Orkneyar. Retrieved 10 September 2009. 6986: 6984: 6870: 6718:"The Ring o' Brodgar – Plumcake Mound" 6652:from the original on 12 September 2021 6622:from the original on 12 September 2021 6592:from the original on 12 September 2021 6246:Orkneyjar.com. Retrieved 27 June 2009. 6133:Geographia, Claudius Ptolemaeus, p. 74 6123:Orkneyjar.com. Retrieved 27 June 2009. 6092: 5364:since 2010, a natural predator of the 4080:and is connected to Hoy by the Ayre. 2210:List of largest islands by population 1137:was a son of Sigurd and a grandson of 739:, which has rarely been used locally. 15653: 14937: 14212: 14056: 13895: 13831: 13660: 13547: 13455: 13433:The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides 13254: 13122: 12975: 12937: 12707: 12300: 11984: 11551: 11213:. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 11096: 10994:. Joint Nature Conservation Committee 10806:from the original on 29 November 2020 10596:– FishBase. Retrieved 5 January 2013. 10587:"Salvelinus inframundus: Regan, 1909" 10385:from the original on 1 September 2018 10098:Clackson, Stephen (25 November 2004) 9637:from the original on 26 February 2021 9467:from the original on 14 February 2021 9306: 9136:from the original on 10 February 2021 9032:from the original on 15 February 2021 8746:Paveley, Rebecca (11 February 2021). 8668:from the original on 27 February 2015 8481:from the original on 16 November 2011 8046:from the original on 13 December 2019 7654: 7483:. BBC News. Retrieved 18 August 2013. 6230: 6192: 5999: 5997: 4587:operates the main airport in Orkney, 4481:100% of its net power from renewables 4446:St Magnus International Arts Festival 4442:Orkney International Science Festival 4266:2014 Scottish independence referendum 1212:confirmed as Earl of Orkney in 1236. 16535:Cnut the Great's invasion of England 15127:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 12443:Na h-Eileanan an Iar (Western Isles) 10969:from the original on 25 January 2018 10885:from the original on 7 February 2021 10859:from the original on 19 January 2021 10833:from the original on 15 January 2021 10738:"The Orkney Native Wildlife Project" 10410: 10080:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 4 October 2008. 9663:from the original on 23 January 2021 9581:from the original on 14 October 2019 9551:from the original on 7 February 2021 9525:from the original on 20 January 2021 9441:from the original on 7 November 2020 9409:from the original on 14 October 2019 9225:from the original on 24 October 2007 9199:from the original on 27 January 2007 9110:from the original on 7 February 2021 8980:from the original on 1 February 2021 8954:from the original on 5 November 2020 8837: 8834:. Orkney.com. Retrieved 12 May 2012. 8804: 8717: 8699:from the original on 8 February 2015 8365:from the original on 4 February 2021 8274:from the original on 3 February 2021 8233:"Harray, Orkney, Scotland Genealogy" 7958:"Sky Notes: Aurora Borealis Gallery" 7956:John Vetterlein (21 December 2006). 7867: 7452: 7430: 7175:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 7129: 6879:from the original on 21 October 2019 6458:Orkneyjar. Retrieved 8 January 2024. 6289: 5450: 5021:, whose language was Brythonic. The 4986:until its closure in November 2014. 4550:transport both goods and passengers. 3626:Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 2484:which is itself an extension of the 2480:, a north-easterly extension of the 1495: 1234:. In 1379 the earldom passed to the 17426:Archipelagoes of the Atlantic Ocean 16490:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias 11970:Orkney representative football team 11960:Orkney Amateur Football Association 11039:Henderson, Michelle (9 July 2021). 10931:"Special Areas of Conservation SAC" 10780:from the original on 16 August 2021 10750:from the original on 18 August 2021 10612:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 10429:. SNH. Retrieved 27 September 2009. 9824:. BBC. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 9173:from the original on 23 August 2015 8334:from the original on 14 August 2021 8304:from the original on 15 August 2021 8243:from the original on 16 August 2021 7566:from the original on 20 August 2020 7505: 7367:Harrison, Jody (20 December 2014). 7025:. Scottish Records Society. p. 247. 6990:Thompson (2008) p. 69. quoting the 6981: 6646:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 6579: 6300:from the original on 18 August 2020 6271:from the original on 18 August 2020 6143: 5724:"everyone thought was a huge joke." 1040:, is based on the later voyages of 24: 17354:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40 17319:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333 17314:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174 16683:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir) 13303:Rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles 11533:Map of the community council areas 11360: 10824: 10692:from the original on 21 April 2016 10554:from the original on 25 April 2009 10226:from the original on 22 March 2016 9607:. 20 December 2020. Archived from 9499:from the original on 20 March 2021 8974:"Covid-19 – islands fund now open" 8414:from the original on 25 April 2009 8352: 8264:"Genuki: Evie and Rendall, Orkney" 8261: 8200: 8182:List of Orkney's rural settlements 8094:from the original on 7 August 2021 7877:"Regional mapped climate averages" 7837:"Orkney Landscapes: Permian dykes" 6728:from the original on 27 April 2019 6552:"Scotland: 2200–800 BC Bronze Age" 6180:"Proto-Celtic – English Word List" 6039:Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 334, 502. 5994: 5414: 5213: 5005:Language, literature, and folklore 4791:on the south of the mainland, and 4178:(MP), the current incumbent being 4107:Uninhabited South Islands include 4039: 3862: 3639:Orkney is now administered by the 2036:The largest settlements in Orkney. 1509: 686:"Seal Islands". The plural suffix 98: 84: 25: 17487: 17441:Highlands and Islands of Scotland 14963: 11939:Orcadian Women's Suffrage Society 11503: 11051:from the original on 10 July 2021 10718:from the original on 5 March 2021 10640:from the original on 30 July 2016 9790:"Weekly titles in company merger" 9353:from the original on 5 April 2019 9323:from the original on 4 April 2019 9288:from the original on 4 April 2019 8213:from the original on 3 March 2021 8033: 7369:"Orkney best for quality of life" 6524:"Skara Brae Prehistoric Village" 6382:Translated by Devra Kunin pp. 7–8 5982:Haskell-Smith (2004) pp. 336–403. 5257:(bonxies). Whales, dolphins, and 5222:Seals hauled out at Lyrie Geo on 4922:, from Stromness to Kirkwall via 4471:wave testing site off Billia Croo 4203:Member of the Scottish Parliament 4182:. This seat has been held by the 3851:"a" or "ay" represents the Norse 3611: 2435:age are found throughout Orkney. 1991: 1955: 1829: 975: 872:on the Mainland have revealed an 842:and the remains of two houses on 592:"islands of the young pigs". The 542:(Ancient Greek: Όρκάδες), as did 226:990 km (380 sq mi) 15885: 15112:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 14573:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial 14487:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66) 13612:Highlands and Islands Enterprise 13331:Treaty of Ardtornish-Westminster 13109: 12735:Former local government counties 11422:(a novel). HarperCollins, 2012. 11328: 11081:from the original on 9 July 2021 11063: 11032: 11006: 10981: 10949: 10923: 10897: 10871: 10845: 10818: 10800:"Orkney Native Wildlife Project" 10792: 10762: 10730: 10712:"Orkney Native Wildlife Project" 10704: 10678: 10652: 10626: 10599: 10580: 10513: 10476:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01795.x 10441: 10432: 10397: 10371: 10352: 10333: 10314: 10295: 10276: 10257: 10238: 10212: 10186: 10167: 10158: 10149: 10130: 10107: 10092: 10083: 10064: 10044: 10020:from the original on 22 May 2013 9992: 9983: 9974: 9944: 9914: 9884: 9865: 9846: 9827: 9808: 9782: 9754: 9735: 9716: 9697: 9649: 9623: 9593: 9563: 9537: 9511: 9479: 9453: 9421: 9395: 9365: 9335: 9307:Grant, Alistair (4 April 2019). 9300: 9270: 9249: 9237: 9211: 9185: 9148: 9122: 9092: 9069: 9044: 9018: 8992: 8966: 8936: 8910: 8884: 8818: 8795: 8767: 8739: 8711: 8680: 8649: 8630: 8618:from the original on 10 May 2017 8600: 8581: 8562: 8543: 8524: 8512: 8493: 8467: 8377: 8346: 8316: 8286: 8255: 8225: 8194: 8175: 8156: 8131: 8106: 8080: 8058: 8027: 8001: 7976: 7949: 7930: 7911: 7892: 7858: 7849: 7829: 7802: 7782: 7769: 7737: 7717: 7680: 7631: 7609: 7590: 7530: 7467: 7421: 7391: 7360: 7351: 7330: 7321: 7312: 7309:Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 364–65. 7303: 7294: 7285: 7264: 7255: 7062:Beuermann (2011) pp. 143–44 6679:Moffat (2005) pp. 154, 158, 161. 6373:"A History of Norway", vol. XIII 5957: 5948: 5939: 5898: 5881: 5872: 5859: 5850: 5833: 5557:Timeline of prehistoric Scotland 5540: 5526: 5512: 5454: 5427:in Orkney. One of Scotland's 40 5036:After the Norse occupation, the 3652:local government re-organization 3628:established a uniform system of 2357:, this sandstone rests upon the 1990: 1972: 1954: 1936: 1919: 1918: 1900: 1882: 1864: 1847: 1846: 1828: 1811: 1810: 1803: 1238:family, who were also barons of 329: 314: 141: 134: 121: 11467:Charles Tait, St. Ola, Orkney. 11405:. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing 11313:Wickham-Jones, Caroline (2007) 11262:. London. Thames & Hudson. 9193:"European Marine Energy Centre" 8718:Cope, Chris (3 February 2021). 8404:"Sheep Breeds: North Ronaldsay" 7644:. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7520:. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7236: 7217: 7196: 7187: 7178: 7159: 7150: 7141: 7120: 7111: 7102: 7090:"St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall" 7083: 7074: 7065: 7028: 7012: 6999: 6972: 6963: 6954: 6945: 6936: 6927: 6918: 6909: 6900: 6891: 6864: 6846: 6825: 6816: 6807: 6798: 6789: 6767: 6764:Wickham-Jones (2007) pp. 81–84. 6758: 6749: 6746:Wickham-Jones (2007) pp. 74–76. 6740: 6710: 6682: 6673: 6664: 6634: 6604: 6573: 6564: 6545: 6536: 6517: 6498: 6486: 6473: 6461: 6419: 6397: 6366: 6357: 6326: 6283: 6249: 6201: 6173: 6162: 6137: 6126: 5824: 5806: 5793: 5784: 5774: 5765: 5736: 5727: 5711: 5698: 5685: 5671: 5651: 5360:The introduction of non-native 5265:, a distinct subspecies of the 5123:History of the Kings of Britain 5097:) is ruler of Orkney. His sons 5040:of Orkney became almost wholly 4727:(operated by NorthLink Ferries) 3760: 3741: 2369:; they are represented by grey 1865: 1455:sank the Royal Navy battleship 1431:, which played a major role in 1398: 1157:succeeded him, fighting at the 927:appended to his edition of the 315: 16505:Sack of Santiago de Compostela 15555:Northern Ireland Sign Language 13123: 11460:Saint Andrew Press, Edinburgh. 11375:. Edinburgh University Press. 11286:Thompson, William P.L. (2008) 11238:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). 11227:. Edinburgh University Press. 10905:"Special Protection Areas SPA" 10550:. Seven Sisters Sheep Centre. 9892:"Orkney Library & Archive" 9862:, RadioToday, 16 November 2014 8410:. Seven Sisters Sheep Centre. 7889:. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7821:Geological Conservation Review 7628:. Retrieved 19 September 2009. 7536:Whitakers (1990) pp. 611, 614. 7464:. Retrieved 26 February 2012. 7053:Thompson (2008) pp. 66–67 6449:“Is ‘The Orkneys’ Ever Right?” 6341:Ecclesiastical History of Bede 6083: 6064: 6051: 6042: 6033: 5985: 5976: 5742:The first recorded bishop was 5630: 5389:and many ground nesting birds. 2046:List of settlements in Orkney 1937: 1901: 1883: 1796: 1173:, resulted in the building of 1030:(Harald Hårfagre) annexed the 1004:, in an illustration from the 635:, whale. The Anglo-Saxon monk 142: 13: 1: 17431:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland 17390:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde) 17344:Uppland Runic Inscription 158 16520:Siege of Constantinople (860) 13456: 12976: 11512:, the local authority website 11199:. Stroud. The History Press. 10660:"Orkney Fox in Neolithic era" 10634:"Orkney vole is from Belgium" 9347:European Marine Energy Centre 9157:"Orkney Island of the future" 8139:Historic Environment Scotland 7754:. Retrieved 10 November 2008. 7734:. Retrieved 10 November 2008. 5781:died for his Christian faith. 5618: 5425:Special Areas of Conservation 4585:Highland and Islands Airports 4488:European Marine Energy Centre 4163:Orkney is represented in the 3440:Average rainfall mm (inches) 1767:Orkney is separated from the 1479:Overview of population trends 1232:Wars of Scottish Independence 760: 463:, following failure to pay a 387:sixth-largest Scottish island 17471:Renewable energy in Scotland 17466:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) 17309:Småland Runic Inscription 48 17209:Danish Runic Inscription 380 17204:Danish Runic Inscription 154 13896: 13832: 10510:Retrieved 27 September 2009. 10116:Scottish National Dictionary 7788:Land Use Consultants (1998) 7666:National Records of Scotland 7616:"Fall of Warness Test Site " 6394:Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 354. 6005:National Records of Scotland 5970: 5623: 5331:until the mid-16th century. 5143: 5113:are major characters in the 4574: 4501:plc in conjunction with the 4499:Scottish and Southern Energy 4255:Orkney and Shetland Movement 1735: 1462:in Scapa Flow. As a result, 704:, Orkney was named after an 565:called the islands Orcades. 524:. This may have referred to 508: 479: 471:by the family of his bride, 155:Orkney shown within Scotland 7: 17199:Danish Runic Inscription 66 16703:Birka female Viking warrior 16395:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu 15679: 14335:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother 14057: 13661: 13617:Scottish Islands Federation 13548: 13255: 13187:Zenith of Iron Age Shetland 13169:Standing Stones of Stenness 11272:Omand, Donald (ed.) (2003) 11141:The Jacobite Rising of 1715 11014:"North-west Orkney MPA(NC)" 9742:"Welcome to Orkney Ferries" 9154: 8825:"Orkney Business Directory" 8088:"Climate Normals 1981–2010" 7357:Thompson (2008) pp. 439–43. 7348:Thompson (2008) pp. 434–36. 7300:Thompson (2008) pp. 371–72. 7156:Thompson (2008) pp. 168–69. 7138:Thompson (2008) pp. 146–47. 7126:Thompson (2008) pp. 134–37. 6670:Wickham-Jones (2007) p. 73. 6479:Clark, Tom (17 April 2023) 5607:Solar eclipse of 1 May 1185 5505: 5089:in certain versions of the 4966:A local BBC radio station, 4533:A March 2019 report by the 4209:system. The current MSP is 4158: 4092:. South Ronaldsay, Burray, 3370:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3300:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3138:Average precipitation days 2854:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2714:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2319: 2309: 2299: 2289: 2279: 2269: 2259: 2249: 2239: 2229: 1139:King Malcolm II of Scotland 1120:in the early 11th century. 849: 807:Standing Stones of Stenness 586:referred to the islands as 10: 17492: 17229:Gunnar's bridge runestones 16575:Viking Age arms and armour 16430:Battle of Strangford Lough 16170:Battle of Brentford (1016) 14875:Associated clans and septs 11577: 11315:Orkney: A Historical Guide 11209:Duffy, Christopher (2003) 10407:. Edinburgh. William Tait. 9980:Clarkson (2008) pp. 30–34. 7918:"About the Orkney Islands" 6978:Thompson (2008) pp. 56–58. 6933:Thompson (2008) pp. 24–27. 6915:Thompson (2008) pp. 43–50. 6318:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 5497:The Northern Diving Group 5348:Stoat problem and solution 5175:, self-reported levels of 5147: 4999:Orkney Library and Archive 4411: 4313: 3764: 3753: 3749: 3636:in Watergate in Kirkwall. 3603: 3250: 3239: 3231: 2524: 2467: 2330: 2326: 1261:inscriptions at Maeshowe. 1102:in 995 when he stopped at 979: 938:kingdom, and although the 764: 753: 749: 447:in 875 and settled by the 404:of Scotland, as well as a 357:or, the often deprecated, 237:481 m (1,578 ft) 36: 29: 17456:Council areas of Scotland 17451:Former Norwegian colonies 17421:Archipelagoes of Scotland 17385:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo) 17372: 17359:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone 17181: 17048:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson 16883:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson 16655: 16543: 16420:Battle of Stamford Bridge 16107: 16002: 15932: 15894: 15883: 15687: 15572: 15537: 15499: 15461: 15438: 15431: 15424: 15372: 15314: 15298: 15283: 15226: 15151: 15144: 15104: 15076: 15033: 15026: 14971: 14873: 14792: 14766: 14728: 14675: 14596: 14505: 14439: 14378: 14355:Margaret, Queen of Norway 14315:Gormflaith ingen Murchada 14287: 14246: 14182: 14111: 14083: 14067: 14063: 14052: 13968: 13942: 13906: 13902: 13891: 13860:Comhairle nan Eilean Siar 13838: 13827: 13786: 13753: 13712: 13671: 13667: 13656: 13625: 13602:Community Energy Scotland 13594: 13558: 13554: 13543: 13499: 13466: 13462: 13451: 13393: 13367: 13344: 13316: 13288: 13265: 13261: 13250: 13212:Prehistoric Western Isles 13211: 13177: 13133: 13129: 13118: 13107: 13065: 13023: 12986: 12982: 12971: 12745: 12684: 12616:Comhairle nan Eilean Siar 12511: 12338: 12285: 12040: 12019: 11947: 11906: 11870: 11796: 11773: 11717: 11594: 11585: 11420:The Flight of Gemma Hardy 11391:. (2008) Kea Publishing. 11288:The New History of Orkney 11105:Scotland's Hidden History 10438:Benvie (2004) pp. 126–38. 10359:"Stromness RBL Pipe Band" 10340:"Kirkwall City Pipe Band" 10326:15 September 2009 at the 10308:11 September 2012 at the 10209:Retrieved 8 January 2010. 8866:Maclean, Charles (2016). 8852:29 September 2011 at the 7846:Retrieved 4 October 2009. 7375:. Glasgow. Archived from 7171:25 September 2009 at the 6856:Laterculus Polemii Silvii 6813:Moffat (2005) pp. 173–75. 6773:Hogan, C. Michael (2007) 6333:Plummer, Carolus (2003). 6296:. Caithness: Peter Reid. 5664:, can mean either pig or 5642:Comhairle nan Eilean Siar 5400:Scottish Natural Heritage 4706:to Kirkwall (operated by 4503:University of Strathclyde 4435:UHI Archaeology Institute 4422:UHI Archaeology Institute 4334:and other shellfish, and 3902:, also known as "Papay". 3831:Heart of Neolithic Orkney 3656:Scotland's civil parishes 3604:Source: metoffice.gov.uk 3556: 3509: 3439: 3369: 3299: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3184: 3137: 3063: 2993: 2923: 2853: 2783: 2713: 2643: 2573: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2464:cover substantial areas. 2361:and igneous rocks of the 1718: 1527:— 1488:. During the same period 1423:Orkney was the site of a 1159:Battle of Stamford Bridge 639:refers to the islands as 496:Heart of Neolithic Orkney 313: 303: 295: 287: 280: 270: 258: 246: 241: 230: 222: 212: 207: 163: 129: 120: 115: 81: 66: 51: 16893:Ingvar the Far-Travelled 16798:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir 16632:Raid Warfare and Tactics 16475:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt 16445:Battle of Tara (Ireland) 16415:Battle of Stamford (918) 16410:Battle of Stamford (894) 16315:Battle of Lüneburg Heath 16130:Battle of Anglesey Sound 15397:Kingdom of Great Britain 14350:Margaret, Maid of Norway 14300:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona 13850:Shetland Islands Council 13810:West Highland Free Press 12288:List of places in Orkney 11456:Rendall, Jocelyn (2009) 11301:Whitaker's Almanack 1991 11258:Moffat, Alistair (2005) 11244:. Edinburgh: Canongate. 11223:Fraser, James E. (2009) 10592:29 December 2007 at the 10533:. Retrieved 27 May 2011. 9956:www.orkneylibrary.org.uk 9926:www.orkneylibrary.org.uk 9896:www.orkneylibrary.org.uk 9877:16 February 2009 at the 8847:"Orkney Economic Update" 8593:21 November 2011 at the 7524:29 November 2013 at the 7202:Armit (2006) pp. 178–79. 7184:Armit (2006) pp. 173–76. 7040:7 September 2008 at the 6403:Buchanan, George (1582) 6378:21 February 2016 at the 6290:Pope, Alexander (1866). 6227:. Retrieved 3 July 2009. 6185:31 December 2010 at the 5572:List of places in Orkney 5421:Special Protection Areas 5132:, the poet and novelist 4948: 4818:connects the village of 4653: 4455: 4382:Highland Park distillery 4308:self-governing territory 4304:British Crown Dependency 4281:Levelling Up White Paper 4279:In 2022, as part of the 4269:votes for independence. 4201:constituency elects one 3650:created in the Scottish 2456:of the islands. Boulder 1383:During the 18th century 1228:Margaret, Maid of Norway 400:Orkney is one of the 32 39:Orcadia (disambiguation) 17113:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson 17058:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye 16788:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia 16515:Siege of Chartres (911) 16365:Battle of Reading (871) 16320:Battle of Lyrskov Heath 16310:Battle of London Bridge 16280:Battle of Hingston Down 14426:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson 14345:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb 14190:Highland Boundary Fault 14103:Yesnaby Sandstone Group 13773:Free Church of Scotland 13740:Orkney Heritage Society 11401:Hutton, Guthrie (2009) 11351:Encyclopædia Britannica 11157:. London. Aurum Press. 10525:22 October 2018 at the 10425:5 December 2008 at the 10364:15 October 2008 at the 10205:8 December 2011 at the 10142:26 January 2021 at the 10076:7 November 2007 at the 9858:20 January 2015 at the 9820:1 February 2009 at the 9747:8 February 2007 at the 8643:18 January 2012 at the 8355:"Genuki: WALLS, Orkney" 8068:(in French). Infoclimat 7942:21 October 2014 at the 7899:"The Climate of Orkney" 7842:21 January 2012 at the 7750:21 January 2012 at the 7745:"Lower Middle Devonian" 7621:1 December 2008 at the 7597:"The Sorcerous Finfolk" 7445:4 November 2012 at the 7261:Thompson (2008) p. 183. 7147:Thompson (2008) p. 160. 7095:30 January 2021 at the 7035:"The Diocese of Orkney" 6843:Thomson (2005) pp. 4–6. 6822:Thompson (2008) pp. 4–5 6557:3 December 2010 at the 6089:Thompson (2008) p. 220. 5926: 5910: 5660: 5520:Scottish Islands portal 5062: 4980:The Superstation Orkney 4970:, the local opt-out of 4775:end of Hoy, as well as 4259:Scottish National Party 4221:. Orkney is within the 3660:Community Council Areas 1253:, the vast majority of 1143:Máel Coluim mac Cináeda 1082:Artist's conception of 1061:Thorfinn Skull-splitter 894:underground storehouses 723: 717: 688: 682: 675: 666: 588: 570: 439:tribes and then by the 420:. The local council is 365:off the north coast of 74: 32:Orkney (disambiguation) 17461:Former Danish colonies 17269:Norra Härene Runestone 17194:Baltic area runestones 16708:Bjørn (floruit 856–58) 16495:Raids in the Rhineland 16305:Battle of Leuven (891) 16295:Battle of Islandbridge 16290:Battle of Hjörungavágr 16190:Battle of Cathair Cuan 14370:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir 13855:Orkney Islands Council 13694:Shetland Amenity Trust 13490:Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba 13354:Buckquoy spindle-whorl 11919:Orkney Islands Council 11588:List of Orkney islands 11510:Orkney Islands Council 11465:The Orkney Guide Book, 11434:BEAline to the Islands 11317:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 11290:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 11276:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 10071:"The Orcadian Dialect" 8922:www.heraldscotland.com 8870:. Edinburgh: Birlinn. 8574:11 August 2011 at the 8452:10.1038/sj.hdy.6801039 8328:saintsplaces.gla.ac.uk 8187:14 August 2021 at the 8168:17 August 2021 at the 8036:"Synop report summary" 8011:. KNMI. Archived from 7815:8 October 2009 at the 7808:Odling, N.W.A. (2000) 7638:"The Big Tree, Orkney" 7193:Thompson (2008) p. 40. 6951:Thompson (2008) p. 29. 6942:Thompson (2008) p. 24. 6363:Thompson (2008) p. 42. 6343:]. Gorgias Press. 6237:"The Origin of Orkney" 6221: 6154: 5932: 5916: 5657:The proto-Celtic root 5612:Baha'i Faith in Orkney 5391: 5357: 5337:Salvelinus inframundus 5226: 5159: 5079:, an Orcadian form of 5068: 5027:Buckquoy spindle-whorl 5014: 4997:Orkney is home to the 4825: 4677: 4579: 4552: 4529:Hydrogen manufacturing 4472: 4429: 4402: 4387:In 2007, of the 1,420 4240:Orkney Manifesto Group 4232:Orkney Islands Council 4036: 3886:The most northerly is 3879: 3779: 3756:List of Orkney islands 3654:in 1975. In that year 3641:Orkney Islands Council 3621: 2399: 2342: 1745: 1445:German High Seas Fleet 1420: 1348: 1343: 1281: 1265:Absorption by Scotland 1223: 1131: 1091: 1011: 958:North Germanic peoples 865: 782: 698: 641: 630: 618: 608: 598: 538: 453:Parliament of Scotland 422:Orkney Islands Council 253:Orkney Islands Council 103: 89: 59: 17239:Hakon Jarl runestones 17138:Tryggvi the Pretender 17043:Snæfrithr Svásadottir 16978:Ohthere of Hålogaland 16923:Ketil Trout (Iceland) 16743:Eohric of East Anglia 16642:Svinfylking Formation 16450:Battle of Tarbat Ness 16260:Battle of Fýrisvellir 16125:First Battle of Alton 15545:British Sign Language 15390:Principality of Wales 15234:Bailiwick of Guernsey 15117:British–Irish Council 15105:Political cooperation 15086:Bailiwick of Guernsey 14774:Scottish island names 14597:Artifacts and culture 14274:Mormaers of Caithness 14240:Scandinavian Scotland 14124:Great Estuarine Group 13996:North Ronaldsay sheep 13689:Peerie Willie Johnson 13474:Scottish island names 13368:18th and 19th Century 13318:Lordship of the Isles 13298:Scandinavian Scotland 12546:Dumfries and Galloway 12373:Dumfries and Galloway 11538:Map of civil parishes 11463:Tait, Charles (2012) 11389:Air Road to the Isles 11386:Fresson, Captain E.E. 11195:Clarkson, Tim (2008) 11045:The Press and Journal 10403:Vedder, David (1832) 9922:"About our libraries" 9834:"Superstation Orkney" 9264:27 March 2009 at the 9081:5 August 2015 at the 8950:. 20 September 2020. 8830:24 April 2012 at the 8034:Valor, G. Ballester. 7923:8 August 2009 at the 6871:Montesanti, Antonio. 6542:Moffat (2005) p. 154. 6510:16 March 2008 at the 6454:8 August 2009 at the 6426:"Pomona or Mainland?" 6076:16 April 2012 at the 6021:(Report). SG/2013/126 5756:Archbishop of Nidaros 5587:Rögnvald Kali Kolsson 5488:Freedom of the Island 5447:Freedom of the Island 5429:national scenic areas 5378: 5355: 5321:North Ronaldsay sheep 5237:and seabirds such as 5221: 5157: 5012: 4661: 4547: 4463: 4419: 4397: 4251:1987 general election 4223:Highlands and Islands 4219:Deputy First Minister 4217:, who was previously 4028: 3872:North Ronaldsay sheep 3870: 3836:, inscribed in 1999. 3774: 3698:Kirkwall & St Ola 3619: 2924:Mean minimum °C (°F) 2644:Mean maximum °C (°F) 2460:is also abundant and 2394: 2340: 1743: 1501:Historical population 1406: 1337: 1302:James III of Scotland 1272: 1218: 1126: 1081: 989: 886:Broch of Burroughston 861:on the west coast of 857: 774: 469:James III of Scotland 353:), also known as the 299:23/km (59/sq mi) 102: 88: 17436:Counties of Scotland 17349:Varangian runestones 17264:Lingsberg Runestones 17244:Hällestad Runestones 17128:Thorolf Kveldulfsson 17088:Styrbjörn the Strong 17023:Rognvald Eysteinsson 17003:Ragnhild Eriksdotter 16768:Freydís Eiríksdóttir 16738:Egill Skallagrímsson 16485:Burning of Luimneach 16460:Battle of Tettenhall 16425:Battle of Stiklestad 16360:Battle of Rastarkalv 16270:Battle of Hafrsfjord 16235:Battle of Englefield 16195:Battle of Chippenham 16185:Battle of Buttington 16180:Battle of Brunanburh 16175:Battle of Brissarthe 15164:Islands of the Clyde 14793:Battles and treaties 14447:Kingdom of the Isles 14365:Ragnhild Eriksdotter 14320:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir 14310:Cacht ingen Ragnaill 14183:Islands of the Clyde 13969:Domesticated animals 13929:St Kilda field mouse 13725:Peter Maxwell Davies 13290:Kingdom of the Isles 13179:Prehistoric Shetland 13078:Islands of the Forth 13073:Islands of the Clyde 12041:Villages and hamlets 11526:3 April 2019 at the 11241:The Scottish Islands 11197:The Picts: A History 11153:Benvie, Neil (2004) 11139:Baynes, John (1970) 10345:9 April 2007 at the 10288:12 July 2007 at the 10269:15 July 2006 at the 10250:19 July 2006 at the 10179:18 July 2006 at the 10050:Lamb, Gregor (1995) 9728:7 April 2012 at the 9633:. 2 September 2020. 9463:. 25 November 2019. 9317:The Herald (Glasgow) 8896:www.captainscotch.de 8537:29 July 2013 at the 8505:13 June 2011 at the 7904:2 April 2009 at the 7795:3 March 2016 at the 7730:3 March 2016 at the 7648:27 July 2009 at the 7602:19 July 2010 at the 7479:30 June 2016 at the 7327:Baynes (1970) p. 182 7249:24 July 2011 at the 6924:Fraser (2009) p. 345 6782:10 June 2011 at the 6618:. 2 September 2021. 6586:Smithsonian Magazine 6267:: 651. August 1802. 6119:15 June 2009 at the 5818:Christopher Columbus 5562:Prehistoric Scotland 5468:adding missing items 5173:2011 Scotland Census 5119:Geoffrey of Monmouth 4844:Stagecoach Highlands 4176:Member of Parliament 3710:Rousay & Egilsay 2574:Record high °C (°F) 2482:North Atlantic Drift 2441:and the presence of 2032:class=notpageimage| 1357:Hudson's Bay Company 1204:, second son of the 1198:Earldom of Caithness 1084:King Olaf Tryggvason 1046:Rognvald Eysteinsson 17446:Regions of Scotland 17294:Sigtrygg Runestones 17284:Runestones of Högby 17189:Ballstorp Runestone 17173:Unn the Deep-Minded 17108:Thorfinn the Mighty 17103:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva 17083:Steinunn Refsdóttir 16873:Hemming Halfdansson 16728:Bjorn the Easterner 16455:Battle of Tempsford 16405:Battle of Stainmore 16385:Battle of Rochester 16325:Battle of Mag Femen 16285:Battle of the Holme 16210:Battle of Corbridge 16165:Battle of Brávellir 16115:Tactics and warfare 15919:Viking ship replica 15550:Irish Sign Language 15407:Kingdom of Scotland 15244:Bailiwick of Jersey 15227:Lists of islands of 14662:St Magnus Cathedral 14538:Cubbie Roo's Castle 14482:Davidian Revolution 14325:Helga Moddansdóttir 14295:Aud the Deep-Minded 14139:Lorne plateau lavas 13986:Hebridean Blackface 13778:Iain Crichton Smith 13720:George Mackay Brown 13607:Crofters Commission 13308:Bishop of the Isles 12965:Islands of Scotland 12671:West Dunbartonshire 12561:East Dunbartonshire 12498:West Dunbartonshire 12388:East Dunbartonshire 11477:Warner, Guy (2005) 11155:Scotland's Wildlife 11143:. London. Cassell. 10881:. 11 January 2021. 10855:. 14 January 2021. 10802:. 20 October 2020. 10776:. 25 October 2018. 10468:2003MolEc..12..951H 9962:on 15 November 2017 9932:on 15 November 2017 9902:on 15 November 2017 9839:19 May 2011 at the 9709:3 June 2009 at the 9547:. 14 October 2020. 9437:. 20 January 2019. 9106:. 7 December 2020. 8555:5 June 2011 at the 8550:"Liam McArthur MSP" 8389:7 July 2018 at the 8015:on 22 February 2013 8009:"Kirkwall Extremes" 7642:Forestry Commission 6695:22 May 2013 at the 6431:6 July 2020 at the 6412:9 June 2011 at the 6242:6 June 2009 at the 6216:14 May 2011 at the 5294:common sea-lavender 5136:, and the novelist 5134:George Mackay Brown 4890:, from Kirkwall to 4207:first past the post 4195:Scottish Parliament 4180:Alistair Carmichael 4174:, which elects one 4169:Orkney and Shetland 4076:has a 19th-century 4030:Hoy High Lighthouse 3834:World Heritage Site 3510:Average rainy days 2994:Record low °C (°F) 2784:Daily mean °C (°F) 2349:, mostly of Middle 2211: 2047: 1502: 1306:Kingdom of Scotland 1284:In 1468 Orkney was 1210:Haakon IV of Norway 1175:St Magnus Cathedral 1135:Thorfinn the Mighty 1128:St Magnus Cathedral 874:Atlantic roundhouse 778:, on the island of 696:. According to the 536:called the islands 503:World Heritage Site 473:Margaret of Denmark 461:Kingdom of Scotland 410:Scottish Parliament 183: / 48: 17324:Sparlösa Runestone 17279:Runestones at Aspa 17274:Orkesta Runestones 17219:England runestones 16838:Halfdan Ragnarsson 16818:Hakon Rognvaldsson 16803:Gunnar Hámundarson 16783:Godfrid Haraldsson 16718:Bjarni Herjólfsson 16668:Amlaíb Cenncairech 16656:Historical figures 16560:Great Heathen Army 16548:and fortifications 16465:Battle of Thetford 16390:Battle of Sasireti 16380:Battle of Ringmere 16265:Battle of Glenmama 16240:Battle of Epiphany 16230:Battle of Edington 16200:Battle of Clontarf 16160:Battle of Benfleet 16140:Battle of Assandun 15977:L'Anse aux Meadows 15802:Old Norse religion 15402:Kingdom of Ireland 15385:Kingdom of England 15132:Common Travel Area 15078:Crown Dependencies 14656:Sen dollotar Ulaid 14610:Chronicles of Mann 14330:Ingeborg of Norway 13960:Shetland Mouse-ear 13745:St Magnus Festival 13135:Prehistoric Orkney 13083:Freshwater Islands 12836:Kirkcudbrightshire 12226:St Margaret's Hope 11765:South East islands 11760:South West islands 11755:North East islands 11750:North West islands 11644:Holm of Grimbister 11481:. Kea Publishing. 11436:. Kea Publishing. 11171:. Stroud. Tempus. 11107:. Stroud. Tempus. 11103:Armit, Ian (2006) 11097:General references 10666:on 5 February 2017 10245:"Where is Orkney?" 10000:Forsyth, Katherine 9690:2 May 2009 at the 9611:on 2 February 2021 9379:. 12 August 2019. 9155:Llewelyn, Robert. 7964:on 5 December 2008 7725:"Basement Geology" 7379:on 27 October 2021 7243:"Norsken som døde" 7229:5 May 2011 at the 6776:Burroughston Broch 6529:5 May 2016 at the 6261:The Scots Magazine 6071:"Political Groups" 6007:(15 August 2013). 5801:St Margaret's Hope 5682:or the BBC itself. 5597:Parishes of Orkney 5466:; you can help by 5358: 5227: 5188:Scottish Highlands 5160: 5015: 4972:BBC Radio Scotland 4872:St Margaret's Hope 4842:, are operated by 4832:Churchill Barriers 4696:John o' Groats to 4687:St Margaret's Hope 4678: 4473: 4430: 4102:Churchill Barriers 4090:Tomb of the Eagles 4037: 3880: 3859:" are very small. 3780: 3695:Hoy & Graemsay 3622: 2400: 2343: 2209: 2156:St Margaret's Hope 2054:Population (2022) 2045: 1982:St Margaret's Hope 1746: 1500: 1421: 1417:Churchill Barriers 1389:British Government 1349: 1282: 1224: 1186:Earls of Caithness 1132: 1092: 1088:Peter Nicolai Arbo 1012: 929:Notitia Dignitatum 898:aisled roundhouses 866: 783: 767:Prehistoric Orkney 627:prepositional case 498:" is a designated 304:Largest settlement 296:Population density 208:Physical geography 104: 90: 46: 17398: 17397: 17364:Viking runestones 17299:Simris Runestones 17289:Sædinge Runestone 17259:Karlevi Runestone 17249:Ingvar runestones 17224:Greece runestones 17133:Thorstein the Red 17118:Thorkell the Tall 16998:Ragnar Ragnarsson 16903:Ivar the Boneless 16828:Haakon Sigurdsson 16778:Garðar Svavarsson 16763:Eiríkr Hákonarson 16758:Eric I of Denmark 16713:Bjorn Asbrandsson 16600:Gjermundbu helmet 16470:Battle of Thimeon 16440:Battle of Sulcoit 16435:Battle of Svolder 16400:Battle of Skyhill 16370:Battle of Renfrew 16350:Battle of Norditi 16335:Battle of Meretun 16255:Battle of Fulford 16250:Battle of Florvåg 16135:Battle of Ashdown 15862:Viking runestones 15647: 15646: 15643: 15642: 15568: 15567: 15420: 15419: 15279: 15278: 15140: 15139: 14931: 14930: 14898:Macaulay of Lewis 14431:Thorstein the Red 14379:Other notable men 14206: 14205: 14202: 14201: 14198: 14197: 14149:Moine Thrust Belt 14129:Hebridean Terrane 14085:Geology of Orkney 14048: 14047: 14044: 14043: 13955:Scottish Primrose 13887: 13886: 13883: 13882: 13843:Local authorities 13823: 13822: 13819: 13818: 13761:Compton Mackenzie 13730:F. Marian McNeill 13652: 13651: 13648: 13647: 13539: 13538: 13535: 13534: 13447: 13446: 13443: 13442: 13346:Earldom of Orkney 13246: 13245: 13242: 13241: 13105: 13104: 13101: 13100: 12931: 12930: 12887:Ross and Cromarty 12701: 12700: 12661:South Lanarkshire 12636:Perth and Kinross 12626:North Lanarkshire 12576:City of Edinburgh 12571:East Renfrewshire 12488:South Lanarkshire 12463:Perth and Kinross 12453:North Lanarkshire 12403:City of Edinburgh 12398:East Renfrewshire 12294: 12293: 11978: 11977: 11797:Mainland parishes 11595:Inhabited islands 11521:Orkney Landscapes 11497:978-1-3015054-8-7 11487:978-0-9518958-7-0 11473:978-0-9517859-8-0 11442:978-0-9518958-4-9 11428:978-0-06-206422-6 11397:978-0-9518958-9-4 11381:978-0-7486-0632-0 11296:978-1-84158-696-0 11251:978-1-84195-454-7 11233:978-0-7486-1232-1 11205:978-0-7524-4392-8 11135:978-90-04-20506-2 10544:"North Ronaldsay" 10455:Molecular Ecology 10405:Orcadian Sketches 10321:"Clackson tartan" 10197:Historic Scotland 9577:. 27 March 2019. 9495:. 13 March 2020. 9132:. 24 April 2020. 9028:. 26 April 2020. 9006:on 18 August 2021 8877:978-1-78027-401-0 8725:The Shetland News 8687:Severin Carrell. 8359:www.genuki.org.uk 8298:FamilySearch Wiki 8268:www.genuki.org.uk 8237:FamilySearch Wiki 8207:www.genuki.org.uk 8163:Rural settlements 7882:4 August 2012 at 7559:978-90-411-0326-0 7009:(2007) pp. 169–89 6722:www.orkneyjar.com 6350:978-1-59333-028-6 5567:Battle of Florvåg 5484: 5483: 5334:The Orkney char ( 5306:Scottish primrose 5177:Scottish identity 5115:Matter of Britain 4717:Scrabster Harbour 4708:NorthLink Ferries 4611:), as well as to 4516:hydrogen vehicles 4406:COVID-19 pandemic 4184:Liberal Democrats 4153:Pentland Skerries 4012:Muckle Green Holm 4000:Holm of Scockness 3894:. To the west is 3658:were replaced by 3608: 3607: 3244: 3243: 2478:Norwegian Current 2439:Glacial striation 2347:Old Red Sandstone 2341:Geology of Orkney 2333:Geology of Orkney 2324: 2323: 2174: 2173: 1773:Fair Isle Channel 1732: 1731: 1723: 1722: 1314:comunitas Orcadie 1220:Lerwick Town Hall 1167:Magnus Erlendsson 1050:Sigurd the Mighty 1002:Halfdan the Black 990:According to the 982:Earldom of Orkney 756:History of Orkney 721:"Mainland" or as 700:Historia Norwegiæ 457:Earldom of Orkney 445:Kingdom of Norway 322: 321: 231:Highest elevation 16:(Redirected from 17483: 17329:Stangeland stone 17304:Sjörup Runestone 17254:Italy runestones 17234:Hagby Runestones 17214:Egtved Runestone 17148:Valtoke Gormsson 17093:Sweyn Asleifsson 17078:Snorri Sturluson 17063:Sigurd the Stout 17008:Ragnall ua Imair 16898:Ingólfr Arnarson 16848:Harald Bluetooth 16833:Halfdan Long-Leg 16375:Battle of Remich 16355:Battle of Pinhoe 16340:Battle of Nesjar 16330:Battle of Maldon 16275:Battle of Helgeå 16245:Battle of Fitjar 16225:Battle of Dollar 16215:Battle of Cynwit 16205:Battle of Confey 16145:Battle of Basing 16010:Viking expansion 15942:North Sea Empire 15889: 15867:Viking Age trade 15742:Germanic deities 15674: 15667: 15660: 15651: 15650: 15605:Irish Travellers 15436: 15435: 15432:Modern languages 15429: 15428: 15380:Irish Free State 15337:Northern Ireland 15296: 15295: 15149: 15148: 15057:Northern Ireland 15035:Sovereign states 15031: 15030: 14958: 14951: 14944: 14935: 14934: 14588:St Magnus Church 14583:Scar boat burial 14528:Brough of Birsay 14421:Sweyn Asleifsson 14416:Ragnall ua Ímair 14233: 14226: 14219: 14210: 14209: 14144:Moine Supergroup 14134:Lewisian complex 14075:Geopark Shetland 14065: 14064: 14054: 14053: 13950:Arran whitebeams 13904: 13903: 13893: 13892: 13865:Highland Council 13840: 13839: 13829: 13828: 13735:Kirkwall Ba game 13669: 13668: 13658: 13657: 13556: 13555: 13545: 13544: 13464: 13463: 13453: 13452: 13380:Jacobite risings 13263: 13262: 13252: 13251: 13219:Callanish Stones 13131: 13130: 13120: 13119: 13113: 13088:Outlying Islands 12984: 12983: 12973: 12972: 12958: 12951: 12944: 12935: 12934: 12790:Clackmannanshire 12728: 12721: 12714: 12705: 12704: 12651:Shetland Islands 12646:Scottish Borders 12541:Clackmannanshire 12473:Scottish Borders 12368:Clackmannanshire 12328:Local government 12321: 12314: 12307: 12298: 12297: 12188:Norseman Village 12005: 11998: 11991: 11982: 11981: 11955:Kirkwall Ba game 11572: 11565: 11558: 11549: 11548: 11355: 11334: 11332: 11331: 11255: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11086: 11067: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11036: 11030: 11029: 11027: 11025: 11010: 11004: 11003: 11001: 10999: 10993: 10985: 10979: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10968: 10961: 10953: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10942: 10937:on 6 August 2020 10927: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10916: 10911:on 6 August 2020 10901: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10890: 10875: 10869: 10868: 10866: 10864: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10825:Watson, Jeremy. 10822: 10816: 10815: 10813: 10811: 10796: 10790: 10789: 10787: 10785: 10766: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10749: 10742: 10734: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10708: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10697: 10682: 10676: 10675: 10673: 10671: 10662:. Archived from 10656: 10650: 10649: 10647: 10645: 10630: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10619: 10603: 10597: 10584: 10578: 10577: 10570: 10564: 10563: 10561: 10559: 10540: 10534: 10529:. (27 May 2011) 10517: 10511: 10509: 10503: 10495: 10450:Microtus arvalis 10445: 10439: 10436: 10430: 10420:"Northern Isles" 10417: 10408: 10401: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10390: 10375: 10369: 10356: 10350: 10337: 10331: 10318: 10312: 10299: 10293: 10280: 10274: 10261: 10255: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10216: 10210: 10190: 10184: 10171: 10165: 10162: 10156: 10153: 10147: 10134: 10128: 10111: 10105: 10096: 10090: 10087: 10081: 10068: 10062: 10048: 10042: 10039: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10025: 9996: 9990: 9987: 9981: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9958:. Archived from 9952:"Mobile Library" 9948: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9928:. Archived from 9918: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9898:. Archived from 9888: 9882: 9869: 9863: 9850: 9844: 9831: 9825: 9812: 9806: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9794:HoldTheFrontPage 9786: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9766: 9758: 9752: 9739: 9733: 9720: 9714: 9701: 9695: 9682: 9673: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9653: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9642: 9627: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9597: 9591: 9590: 9588: 9586: 9567: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9541: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9515: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9483: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9472: 9457: 9451: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9425: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9399: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9360: 9358: 9349:. 4 April 2019. 9339: 9333: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9274: 9268: 9253: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9230: 9215: 9209: 9208: 9206: 9204: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9152: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9096: 9090: 9073: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9022: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9002:. Archived from 8996: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8914: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8863: 8857: 8844: 8835: 8822: 8816: 8813: 8802: 8799: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8771: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8743: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8684: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8653: 8647: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8604: 8598: 8585: 8579: 8566: 8560: 8547: 8541: 8528: 8522: 8516: 8510: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8454: 8430: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8419: 8400: 8394: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8350: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8320: 8314: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8290: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8259: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8198: 8192: 8179: 8173: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8031: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7960:. Archived from 7953: 7947: 7934: 7928: 7915: 7909: 7896: 7890: 7874: 7865: 7862: 7856: 7853: 7847: 7833: 7827: 7806: 7800: 7786: 7780: 7773: 7767: 7764: 7755: 7741: 7735: 7721: 7715: 7708: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7692: 7684: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7658: 7652: 7635: 7629: 7613: 7607: 7594: 7588: 7585: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7543: 7537: 7534: 7528: 7512: 7503: 7497: 7484: 7471: 7465: 7456: 7450: 7440:"Orkney Islands" 7437: 7428: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7405:. Archived from 7395: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7349: 7346: 7337: 7334: 7328: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7310: 7307: 7301: 7298: 7292: 7289: 7283: 7280: 7271: 7268: 7262: 7259: 7253: 7240: 7234: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7200: 7194: 7191: 7185: 7182: 7176: 7163: 7157: 7154: 7148: 7145: 7139: 7136: 7127: 7124: 7118: 7115: 7109: 7106: 7100: 7087: 7081: 7078: 7072: 7069: 7063: 7060: 7054: 7051: 7045: 7032: 7026: 7016: 7010: 7003: 6997: 6988: 6979: 6976: 6970: 6967: 6961: 6958: 6952: 6949: 6943: 6940: 6934: 6931: 6925: 6922: 6916: 6913: 6907: 6904: 6898: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6850: 6844: 6841: 6832: 6829: 6823: 6820: 6814: 6811: 6805: 6802: 6796: 6793: 6787: 6771: 6765: 6762: 6756: 6753: 6747: 6744: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6714: 6708: 6686: 6680: 6677: 6671: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6616:www.scotsman.com 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6580:Gershon, Livia. 6577: 6571: 6568: 6562: 6549: 6543: 6540: 6534: 6521: 6515: 6502: 6496: 6490: 6484: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6447:Anderson, Peter 6445: 6436: 6423: 6417: 6401: 6395: 6392: 6383: 6370: 6364: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6317: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6253: 6247: 6234: 6228: 6226: 6205: 6199: 6196: 6190: 6177: 6171: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6141: 6135: 6130: 6124: 6111: 6102: 6099: 6090: 6087: 6081: 6068: 6062: 6055: 6049: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6020: 6013: 6001: 5992: 5989: 5983: 5980: 5964: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5929: 5919: 5913: 5902: 5896: 5885: 5879: 5876: 5870: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5848: 5837: 5831: 5828: 5822: 5812:The notion that 5810: 5804: 5797: 5791: 5788: 5782: 5778: 5772: 5769: 5763: 5740: 5734: 5731: 5725: 5715: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5689: 5683: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5655: 5649: 5634: 5550: 5545: 5544: 5536: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5522: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5479: 5476: 5458: 5457: 5451: 5368:and thus of the 5247:black guillemots 5184:Mainland, Orkney 5091:Arthurian legend 5071: 5065: 5050:Orcadian dialect 4976:commercial radio 4968:BBC Radio Orkney 4892:Kirkwall Airport 4803:are served from 4787:are served from 4691:Pentland Ferries 4613:Sumburgh Airport 4589:Kirkwall Airport 4520:district heating 4512:hydrogen economy 4477:renewable energy 4426:heritage tourism 4378:Scapa distillery 4226:electoral region 4165:House of Commons 4060:is a well-known 3815:Loch of Stenness 3767:Mainland, Orkney 3634:County Buildings 3513: 3248: 3247: 3141: 2522: 2521: 2516:Loch of Hundland 2416:Middle Devonian 2212: 2208: 2200: 2197: 2048: 2044: 1994: 1993: 1976: 1975: 1958: 1957: 1940: 1939: 1922: 1921: 1904: 1903: 1886: 1885: 1868: 1867: 1850: 1849: 1832: 1831: 1814: 1813: 1807: 1769:Shetland Islands 1516: 1511: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1385:Jacobite risings 1346: 1296:of his daughter 1251:Brough of Birsay 1113:Sigurd the Stout 1100:Olaf Tryggvasson 1014:Both Orkney and 921:Polemius Silvius 890:Broch of Gurness 780:Mainland, Orkney 744:Sir Walter Scott 726: 720: 713:Mainland, Orkney 703: 691: 685: 669: 644: 621: 611: 601: 591: 573: 541: 414:lieutenancy area 352: 351: 348: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 318: 317: 198: 197: 195: 194: 193: 188: 187:59.000°N 3.000°W 184: 181: 180: 179: 176: 145: 144: 138: 125: 77: 62: 49: 45: 21: 17491: 17490: 17486: 17485: 17484: 17482: 17481: 17480: 17401: 17400: 17399: 17394: 17368: 17339:Runestone U 582 17177: 17098:Sweyn Forkbeard 17013:Raud the Strong 16973:Orm Storolfsson 16968:Olof Skötkonung 16958:Olav Haraldsson 16953:Olaf Tryggvason 16938:Magnus Barefoot 16918:Ketill Flatnose 16863:Harald Wartooth 16858:Harald Hardrada 16853:Harald Fairhair 16823:Haakon the Good 16651: 16647:Varangian Guard 16547: 16539: 16510:Siege of Asselt 16500:Raid on Seville 16300:Battle of Largs 16220:Battle of Derby 16155:Battle of Bauds 16150:Battle of Barry 16120:Battle of Aclea 16103: 15998: 15934: 15928: 15896: 15890: 15881: 15787:Norse mythology 15735:Younger Futhark 15683: 15678: 15648: 15639: 15595:English Gypsies 15564: 15533: 15495: 15476:Scottish Gaelic 15457: 15416: 15368: 15310: 15287: 15275: 15222: 15218:Isles of Scilly 15159:Channel Islands 15136: 15100: 15072: 15022: 14967: 14962: 14932: 14927: 14869: 14865:Treaty of Perth 14788: 14762: 14724: 14671: 14644:Orkneyinga saga 14638:Manx runestones 14592: 14578:Rubha an Dùnain 14553:Kirkwall Castle 14523:Bishop's Palace 14501: 14435: 14374: 14283: 14269:Lords of Argyll 14259:Earls of Orkney 14242: 14237: 14207: 14194: 14178: 14107: 14079: 14059: 14040: 14011:Shetland cattle 13964: 13938: 13898: 13879: 13870:Argyll and Bute 13834: 13815: 13782: 13749: 13708: 13663: 13644: 13621: 13590: 13550: 13531: 13495: 13458: 13439: 13402:Orkneyinga Saga 13389: 13385:Flora MacDonald 13363: 13340: 13326:Treaty of Perth 13312: 13284: 13257: 13238: 13229:Rubha an Dùnain 13207: 13173: 13159:Ring of Brodgar 13154:Ness of Brodgar 13125: 13114: 13097: 13061: 13019: 12978: 12967: 12962: 12932: 12927: 12826:Kincardineshire 12821:Inverness-shire 12741: 12732: 12702: 12697: 12680: 12536:Argyll and Bute 12507: 12363:Argyll and Bute 12334: 12325: 12295: 12290: 12281: 12036: 12015: 12011:Settlements in 12009: 11979: 11974: 11943: 11914:Earls of Orkney 11902: 11866: 11792: 11769: 11713: 11689:South Ronaldsay 11659:North Ronaldsay 11590: 11581: 11576: 11528:Wayback Machine 11506: 11501: 11416:Livesey, Margot 11363: 11361:Further reading 11358: 11344:, ed. (1911). " 11329: 11327: 11274:The Orkney Book 11252: 11099: 11094: 11084: 11082: 11077:. 9 July 2021. 11069: 11068: 11064: 11054: 11052: 11037: 11033: 11023: 11021: 11012: 11011: 11007: 10997: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10986: 10982: 10972: 10970: 10966: 10959: 10955: 10954: 10950: 10940: 10938: 10929: 10928: 10924: 10914: 10912: 10903: 10902: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10877: 10876: 10872: 10862: 10860: 10851: 10850: 10846: 10836: 10834: 10823: 10819: 10809: 10807: 10798: 10797: 10793: 10783: 10781: 10768: 10767: 10763: 10753: 10751: 10747: 10740: 10736: 10735: 10731: 10721: 10719: 10710: 10709: 10705: 10695: 10693: 10686:"Orkney Stoats" 10684: 10683: 10679: 10669: 10667: 10658: 10657: 10653: 10643: 10641: 10632: 10631: 10627: 10617: 10615: 10605: 10604: 10600: 10594:Wayback Machine 10585: 10581: 10572: 10571: 10567: 10557: 10555: 10542: 10541: 10537: 10527:Wayback Machine 10518: 10514: 10497: 10496: 10446: 10442: 10437: 10433: 10427:Wayback Machine 10418: 10411: 10402: 10398: 10388: 10386: 10377: 10376: 10372: 10366:Wayback Machine 10357: 10353: 10347:Wayback Machine 10338: 10334: 10328:Wayback Machine 10319: 10315: 10310:Wayback Machine 10302:"Sanday Tartan" 10300: 10296: 10290:Wayback Machine 10283:"Orkney tartan" 10281: 10277: 10271:Wayback Machine 10262: 10258: 10252:Wayback Machine 10243: 10239: 10229: 10227: 10218: 10217: 10213: 10207:Wayback Machine 10191: 10187: 10181:Wayback Machine 10172: 10168: 10163: 10159: 10154: 10150: 10144:Wayback Machine 10135: 10131: 10112: 10108: 10097: 10093: 10088: 10084: 10078:Wayback Machine 10069: 10065: 10049: 10045: 10040: 10033: 10023: 10021: 9997: 9993: 9988: 9984: 9979: 9975: 9965: 9963: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9935: 9933: 9920: 9919: 9915: 9905: 9903: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9879:Wayback Machine 9870: 9866: 9860:Wayback Machine 9851: 9847: 9841:Wayback Machine 9832: 9828: 9822:Wayback Machine 9813: 9809: 9799: 9797: 9788: 9787: 9783: 9773: 9771: 9759: 9755: 9749:Wayback Machine 9740: 9736: 9730:Wayback Machine 9721: 9717: 9711:Wayback Machine 9702: 9698: 9692:Wayback Machine 9683: 9676: 9666: 9664: 9655: 9654: 9650: 9640: 9638: 9629: 9628: 9624: 9614: 9612: 9599: 9598: 9594: 9584: 9582: 9569: 9568: 9564: 9554: 9552: 9543: 9542: 9538: 9528: 9526: 9517: 9516: 9512: 9502: 9500: 9485: 9484: 9480: 9470: 9468: 9459: 9458: 9454: 9444: 9442: 9434:TheGuardian.com 9427: 9426: 9422: 9412: 9410: 9401: 9400: 9396: 9386: 9384: 9371: 9370: 9366: 9356: 9354: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9326: 9324: 9305: 9301: 9291: 9289: 9276: 9275: 9271: 9266:Wayback Machine 9254: 9250: 9242: 9238: 9228: 9226: 9217: 9216: 9212: 9202: 9200: 9191: 9190: 9186: 9176: 9174: 9167:Robert Llewelyn 9153: 9149: 9139: 9137: 9128: 9127: 9123: 9113: 9111: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9083:Wayback Machine 9074: 9070: 9060: 9058: 9050: 9049: 9045: 9035: 9033: 9024: 9023: 9019: 9009: 9007: 8998: 8997: 8993: 8983: 8981: 8972: 8971: 8967: 8957: 8955: 8942: 8941: 8937: 8927: 8925: 8924:. 29 March 2023 8916: 8915: 8911: 8901: 8899: 8898:. 29 March 2023 8890: 8889: 8885: 8878: 8864: 8860: 8854:Wayback Machine 8845: 8838: 8832:Wayback Machine 8823: 8819: 8814: 8805: 8800: 8796: 8786: 8784: 8773: 8772: 8768: 8758: 8756: 8744: 8740: 8730: 8728: 8716: 8712: 8702: 8700: 8685: 8681: 8671: 8669: 8654: 8650: 8645:Wayback Machine 8635: 8631: 8621: 8619: 8606: 8605: 8601: 8595:Wayback Machine 8586: 8582: 8576:Wayback Machine 8567: 8563: 8557:Wayback Machine 8548: 8544: 8539:Wayback Machine 8529: 8525: 8517: 8513: 8507:Wayback Machine 8498: 8494: 8484: 8482: 8473: 8472: 8468: 8431: 8427: 8417: 8415: 8402: 8401: 8397: 8393:. The Guardian. 8391:Wayback Machine 8382: 8378: 8368: 8366: 8351: 8347: 8337: 8335: 8322: 8321: 8317: 8307: 8305: 8292: 8291: 8287: 8277: 8275: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8244: 8231: 8230: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8199: 8195: 8189:Wayback Machine 8180: 8176: 8170:Wayback Machine 8161: 8157: 8147: 8145: 8136: 8132: 8122: 8120: 8112: 8111: 8107: 8097: 8095: 8086: 8085: 8081: 8071: 8069: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8049: 8047: 8032: 8028: 8018: 8016: 8007: 8006: 8002: 7992: 7990: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7967: 7965: 7954: 7950: 7944:Wayback Machine 7935: 7931: 7925:Wayback Machine 7916: 7912: 7906:Wayback Machine 7897: 7893: 7875: 7868: 7863: 7859: 7854: 7850: 7844:Wayback Machine 7834: 7830: 7817:Wayback Machine 7810:"Point of Ayre" 7807: 7803: 7797:Wayback Machine 7787: 7783: 7774: 7770: 7765: 7758: 7752:Wayback Machine 7742: 7738: 7732:Wayback Machine 7722: 7718: 7709: 7705: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7681: 7671: 7669: 7668:. 31 March 2022 7660: 7659: 7655: 7650:Wayback Machine 7636: 7632: 7623:Wayback Machine 7614: 7610: 7604:Wayback Machine 7595: 7591: 7586: 7579: 7569: 7567: 7560: 7544: 7540: 7535: 7531: 7526:Wayback Machine 7518:Ordnance Survey 7513: 7506: 7498: 7487: 7481:Wayback Machine 7472: 7468: 7457: 7453: 7447:Wayback Machine 7438: 7431: 7426: 7422: 7412: 7410: 7397: 7396: 7392: 7382: 7380: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7347: 7340: 7335: 7331: 7326: 7322: 7317: 7313: 7308: 7304: 7299: 7295: 7290: 7286: 7281: 7274: 7269: 7265: 7260: 7256: 7251:Wayback Machine 7241: 7237: 7231:Wayback Machine 7222: 7218: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7192: 7188: 7183: 7179: 7173:Wayback Machine 7164: 7160: 7155: 7151: 7146: 7142: 7137: 7130: 7125: 7121: 7116: 7112: 7107: 7103: 7097:Wayback Machine 7088: 7084: 7079: 7075: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7057: 7052: 7048: 7042:Wayback Machine 7033: 7029: 7021:, (ed.) (1969) 7017: 7013: 7004: 7000: 6993:Orkneyinga Saga 6989: 6982: 6977: 6973: 6968: 6964: 6959: 6955: 6950: 6946: 6941: 6937: 6932: 6928: 6923: 6919: 6914: 6910: 6905: 6901: 6896: 6892: 6882: 6880: 6869: 6865: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6842: 6835: 6830: 6826: 6821: 6817: 6812: 6808: 6803: 6799: 6794: 6790: 6784:Wayback Machine 6772: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6754: 6750: 6745: 6741: 6731: 6729: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6697:Wayback Machine 6687: 6683: 6678: 6674: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6640: 6639: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6610: 6609: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6578: 6574: 6569: 6565: 6559:Wayback Machine 6550: 6546: 6541: 6537: 6531:Wayback Machine 6522: 6518: 6512:Wayback Machine 6503: 6499: 6491: 6487: 6478: 6474: 6466: 6462: 6456:Wayback Machine 6446: 6439: 6433:Wayback Machine 6424: 6420: 6414:Wayback Machine 6402: 6398: 6393: 6386: 6380:Wayback Machine 6371: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6351: 6331: 6327: 6311: 6310: 6303: 6301: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6255: 6254: 6250: 6244:Wayback Machine 6235: 6231: 6218:Wayback Machine 6208:Pokorny, Julius 6206: 6202: 6197: 6193: 6187:Wayback Machine 6178: 6174: 6167: 6163: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6127: 6121:Wayback Machine 6112: 6105: 6100: 6093: 6088: 6084: 6078:Wayback Machine 6069: 6065: 6056: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6034: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6002: 5995: 5990: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5968: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5903: 5899: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5873: 5864: 5860: 5855: 5851: 5838: 5834: 5829: 5825: 5811: 5807: 5798: 5794: 5789: 5785: 5779: 5775: 5770: 5766: 5741: 5737: 5732: 5728: 5721:Orkneyinga Saga 5716: 5712: 5703: 5699: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5672: 5656: 5652: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5546: 5539: 5534:Scotland portal 5532: 5527: 5525: 5518: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5480: 5474: 5471: 5455: 5449: 5417: 5415:Protected areas 5387:short-eared owl 5350: 5342:locally extinct 5216: 5214:Natural history 5152: 5146: 5007: 4992:community radio 4951: 4840:South Ronaldsay 4828: 4745:North Ronaldsay 4656: 4628:North Ronaldsay 4582: 4577: 4531: 4510:form a partial 4492:Fall of Warness 4458: 4420:Excavations by 4414: 4316: 4244:Scottish Greens 4167:as part of the 4161: 4086:Ploughing Match 4042: 4040:The South Isles 3937:chambered cairn 3933:Eynhallow Sound 3888:North Ronaldsay 3865: 3863:The North Isles 3769: 3763: 3758: 3752: 3744: 3630:county councils 3614: 3609: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3245: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2509:aurora borealis 2470: 2335: 2329: 2236:South Ronaldsay 2226:Orkney Mainland 2219: 2206: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2179: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2005: 2004: 2003: 1995: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1977: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1959: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1941: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1923: 1915: 1914: 1913: 1905: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1887: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1869: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1851: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1833: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1815: 1799: 1754:South Ronaldsay 1738: 1733: 1490:Scottish island 1481: 1401: 1300:, betrothed to 1267: 1200:was granted to 1171:Haakon Paulsson 1155:Paul and Erlend 1096:Orkneyinga Saga 1073:South Ronaldsay 1042:Magnus Barelegs 1037:Orkneyinga Saga 1028:Harald Fairhair 998:Harald Fairhair 993:Orkneyinga Saga 984: 978: 868:Excavations at 852: 818:Ring of Brodgar 776:Ring of Brodgar 769: 763: 758: 752: 737:George Buchanan 711:The Norse knew 642:Orcades insulae 622:representing a 614:Scottish Gaelic 582:". Speakers of 511: 451:. In 1472, the 418:historic county 332: 328: 271:Sovereign state 199: 191: 189: 185: 182: 177: 174: 172: 170: 169: 159: 158: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 146: 111: 110: 109: 96: 95: 53:Scottish Gaelic 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17489: 17479: 17478: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17418: 17416:Northern Isles 17413: 17396: 17395: 17393: 17392: 17387: 17382: 17380:Viking revival 17376: 17374: 17370: 17369: 17367: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17185: 17183: 17179: 17178: 17176: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17065: 17060: 17055: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17020: 17015: 17010: 17005: 17000: 16995: 16993:Ragnar Lodbrok 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16963:Olaf the White 16960: 16955: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16723:Björn Ironside 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16659: 16657: 16653: 16652: 16650: 16649: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16623: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16582: 16572: 16567: 16562: 16557: 16551: 16549: 16541: 16540: 16538: 16537: 16532: 16530:Siege of Paris 16527: 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16480:Battle of York 16477: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16417: 16412: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16392: 16387: 16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16345:Battle of Niså 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16111: 16109: 16105: 16104: 16102: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16070: 16069: 16064: 16054: 16053: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16012: 16006: 16004: 16000: 15999: 15997: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15985: 15984: 15979: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15957:Orkney Islands 15954: 15949: 15944: 15938: 15936: 15930: 15929: 15927: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15900: 15898: 15897:and navigation 15892: 15891: 15884: 15882: 15880: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15774: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15738: 15737: 15732: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15691: 15689: 15685: 15684: 15677: 15676: 15669: 15662: 15654: 15645: 15644: 15641: 15640: 15638: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15620:Northern Irish 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15576: 15574: 15570: 15569: 15566: 15565: 15563: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15541: 15539: 15535: 15534: 15532: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15505: 15503: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15467: 15465: 15459: 15458: 15456: 15455: 15450: 15444: 15442: 15433: 15426: 15422: 15421: 15418: 15417: 15415: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15393: 15392: 15382: 15376: 15374: 15370: 15369: 15367: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15350: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15327:United Kingdom 15324: 15318: 15316: 15315:Current states 15312: 15311: 15309: 15308: 15302: 15300: 15293: 15281: 15280: 15277: 15276: 15274: 15273: 15272: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15254:United Kingdom 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15230: 15228: 15224: 15223: 15221: 15220: 15215: 15214: 15213: 15208: 15201:Northern Isles 15198: 15193: 15188: 15187: 15186: 15181: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15155: 15153: 15146: 15142: 15141: 15138: 15137: 15135: 15134: 15129: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15108: 15106: 15102: 15101: 15099: 15098: 15093: 15088: 15082: 15080: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15048:United Kingdom 15045: 15039: 15037: 15028: 15024: 15023: 15021: 15020: 15019: 15018: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14978: 14972: 14969: 14968: 14961: 14960: 14953: 14946: 14938: 14929: 14928: 14926: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14879: 14877: 14871: 14870: 14868: 14867: 14862: 14860:Treaty of 1098 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14796: 14794: 14790: 14789: 14787: 14786: 14781: 14779:Northern Isles 14776: 14770: 14768: 14764: 14763: 14761: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14734: 14732: 14726: 14725: 14723: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14681: 14679: 14673: 14672: 14670: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14652: 14647: 14640: 14635: 14633:Lewis chessmen 14630: 14625: 14623:Galloway Hoard 14620: 14613: 14606: 14600: 14598: 14594: 14593: 14591: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14509: 14507: 14503: 14502: 14500: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14472:Outer Hebrides 14469: 14464: 14459: 14457:Gall-Ghàidheil 14454: 14449: 14443: 14441: 14437: 14436: 14434: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14401:Olaf the White 14398: 14393: 14388: 14382: 14380: 14376: 14375: 14373: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14291: 14289: 14285: 14284: 14282: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14264:Crovan dynasty 14261: 14256: 14250: 14248: 14244: 14243: 14236: 14235: 14228: 14221: 14213: 14204: 14203: 14200: 14199: 14196: 14195: 14193: 14192: 14186: 14184: 14180: 14179: 14177: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14159:Rhinns complex 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14119:Colonsay Group 14115: 14113: 14109: 14108: 14106: 14105: 14100: 14098:Orcadian Basin 14095: 14089: 14087: 14081: 14080: 14078: 14077: 14071: 14069: 14061: 14060: 14050: 14049: 14046: 14045: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14026:Shetland sheep 14023: 14018: 14016:Shetland Goose 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13972: 13970: 13966: 13965: 13963: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13946: 13944: 13940: 13939: 13937: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13914:Fair Isle wren 13910: 13908: 13900: 13899: 13889: 13888: 13885: 13884: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13877: 13875:North Ayrshire 13872: 13867: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13846: 13844: 13836: 13835: 13825: 13824: 13821: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13814: 13813: 13806: 13804:Sorley MacLean 13801: 13796: 13790: 13788: 13787:Inner Hebrides 13784: 13783: 13781: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13767:Fèis Bharraigh 13763: 13757: 13755: 13754:Outer Hebrides 13751: 13750: 13748: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13716: 13714: 13710: 13709: 13707: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13675: 13673: 13665: 13664: 13654: 13653: 13650: 13649: 13646: 13645: 13643: 13642: 13637: 13631: 13629: 13623: 13622: 13620: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13598: 13596: 13592: 13591: 13589: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13562: 13560: 13552: 13551: 13541: 13540: 13537: 13536: 13533: 13532: 13530: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13503: 13501: 13497: 13496: 13494: 13493: 13486: 13481: 13479:Northern Isles 13476: 13470: 13468: 13460: 13459: 13449: 13448: 13445: 13444: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13437: 13429: 13421: 13413: 13405: 13397: 13395: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13371: 13369: 13365: 13364: 13362: 13361: 13356: 13350: 13348: 13342: 13341: 13339: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13322: 13320: 13314: 13313: 13311: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13294: 13292: 13286: 13285: 13283: 13282: 13277: 13271: 13269: 13259: 13258: 13248: 13247: 13244: 13243: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13236: 13234:Dun Nosebridge 13231: 13226: 13221: 13215: 13213: 13209: 13208: 13206: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13193:Broch of Mousa 13190: 13183: 13181: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13139: 13137: 13127: 13126: 13116: 13115: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13102: 13099: 13098: 13096: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13069: 13067: 13063: 13062: 13060: 13059: 13054: 13053: 13052: 13045:Inner Hebrides 13042: 13041: 13040: 13033:Outer Hebrides 13029: 13027: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13017: 13016: 13015: 13005: 13004: 13003: 12992: 12990: 12988:Northern Isles 12980: 12979: 12969: 12968: 12961: 12960: 12953: 12946: 12938: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12884: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12806:Dunbartonshire 12803: 12798: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12731: 12730: 12723: 12716: 12708: 12699: 12698: 12685: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12656:South Ayrshire 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12631:Orkney Islands 12628: 12623: 12621:North Ayrshire 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12517: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12483:South Ayrshire 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12448:North Ayrshire 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12344: 12342: 12336: 12335: 12324: 12323: 12316: 12309: 12301: 12292: 12291: 12286: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12279: 12276: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12205: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12189: 12186: 12183: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12106:Burray Village 12104: 12099: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12050: 12048:Abune-the-hill 12044: 12042: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12034: 12029: 12023: 12021: 12017: 12016: 12008: 12007: 12000: 11993: 11985: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11951: 11949: 11945: 11944: 11942: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11924:Flag of Orkney 11921: 11916: 11910: 11908: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11874: 11872: 11868: 11867: 11865: 11864: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11800: 11798: 11794: 11793: 11791: 11790: 11785: 11777: 11775: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11721: 11719: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11598: 11596: 11592: 11591: 11586: 11583: 11582: 11575: 11574: 11567: 11560: 11552: 11546: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11518: 11513: 11505: 11504:External links 11502: 11500: 11499: 11489: 11475: 11461: 11454: 11452:978-1906841119 11444: 11430: 11413: 11399: 11383: 11371:(eds.) (1995) 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11356: 11346:Orkney Islands 11342:Chisholm, Hugh 11325: 11311: 11298: 11284: 11270: 11268:978-0500051337 11256: 11250: 11235: 11221: 11207: 11193: 11179: 11165: 11151: 11137: 11115: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11092: 11062: 11031: 11016:. NatureScot. 11005: 10980: 10948: 10922: 10896: 10870: 10844: 10817: 10791: 10761: 10729: 10703: 10677: 10651: 10625: 10598: 10579: 10565: 10535: 10512: 10462:(4): 951–956. 10440: 10431: 10409: 10396: 10370: 10351: 10332: 10313: 10294: 10275: 10256: 10237: 10211: 10185: 10166: 10157: 10148: 10129: 10106: 10091: 10082: 10063: 10043: 10031: 9991: 9982: 9973: 9943: 9913: 9883: 9864: 9845: 9826: 9815:"Radio Orkney" 9807: 9796:. 25 June 2007 9781: 9753: 9734: 9723:"Getting Here" 9715: 9696: 9685:"Getting Here" 9674: 9648: 9622: 9592: 9562: 9536: 9510: 9478: 9452: 9420: 9394: 9364: 9334: 9313:HeraldScotland 9299: 9269: 9248: 9236: 9210: 9184: 9147: 9121: 9091: 9068: 9043: 9017: 8991: 8965: 8935: 8909: 8883: 8876: 8858: 8836: 8817: 8803: 8794: 8766: 8738: 8710: 8679: 8648: 8629: 8599: 8580: 8561: 8542: 8523: 8511: 8492: 8466: 8445:(6): 620–631. 8425: 8395: 8376: 8345: 8315: 8285: 8254: 8224: 8193: 8174: 8155: 8130: 8105: 8090:. Met Office. 8079: 8057: 8040:www.ogimet.com 8026: 8000: 7975: 7948: 7929: 7910: 7891: 7866: 7857: 7848: 7828: 7801: 7781: 7768: 7756: 7736: 7716: 7703: 7679: 7653: 7630: 7608: 7589: 7577: 7558: 7538: 7529: 7504: 7502:, p. 279. 7485: 7466: 7451: 7429: 7420: 7409:on 28 May 2019 7390: 7359: 7350: 7338: 7329: 7320: 7311: 7302: 7293: 7284: 7272: 7263: 7254: 7235: 7216: 7214:, p. 281. 7204: 7195: 7186: 7177: 7158: 7149: 7140: 7128: 7119: 7110: 7101: 7082: 7073: 7064: 7055: 7046: 7027: 7011: 6998: 6980: 6971: 6962: 6953: 6944: 6935: 6926: 6917: 6908: 6899: 6890: 6863: 6845: 6833: 6824: 6815: 6806: 6797: 6788: 6766: 6757: 6748: 6739: 6709: 6681: 6672: 6663: 6633: 6603: 6572: 6563: 6544: 6535: 6516: 6497: 6485: 6472: 6460: 6437: 6418: 6396: 6384: 6365: 6356: 6349: 6325: 6282: 6248: 6229: 6200: 6191: 6172: 6161: 6151:. Chapter 10. 6136: 6125: 6103: 6091: 6082: 6063: 6050: 6041: 6032: 5993: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5956: 5947: 5938: 5897: 5880: 5871: 5858: 5849: 5832: 5823: 5805: 5792: 5783: 5773: 5764: 5752:Hamburg-Bremen 5735: 5726: 5710: 5697: 5684: 5670: 5650: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5582:Orkney College 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5548:Islands portal 5537: 5523: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5501:: 9 July 2021. 5495: 5482: 5481: 5461: 5459: 5448: 5445: 5416: 5413: 5349: 5346: 5302:common heather 5273:humans, is an 5269:introduced by 5215: 5212: 5208:Scots language 5148:Main article: 5145: 5142: 5138:Eric Linklater 5025:script on the 5013:The Odin Stone 5006: 5003: 4950: 4947: 4827: 4824: 4815:Golden Mariana 4733:Orkney Ferries 4729: 4728: 4714: 4711: 4701: 4694: 4674:Orkney Ferries 4655: 4652: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4560:green hydrogen 4530: 4527: 4457: 4454: 4413: 4410: 4338:fish farming. 4326:, white fish, 4315: 4312: 4186:or the former 4160: 4157: 4109:Calf of Flotta 4078:Martello tower 4058:Old Man of Hoy 4041: 4038: 3961:Balfour Castle 3864: 3861: 3811:Loch of Harray 3765:Main article: 3762: 3759: 3754:Main article: 3751: 3748: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3648:island council 3613: 3612:Administration 3610: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3559:sunshine hours 3554: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3187:sunshine hours 3182: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2469: 2466: 2421:volcanic rocks 2397:Old Man of Hoy 2331:Main article: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2216: 2202: 2201: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2008: 2007: 2006: 1997: 1996: 1989: 1988: 1979: 1978: 1971: 1970: 1961: 1960: 1953: 1952: 1943: 1942: 1935: 1934: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1916: 1907: 1906: 1899: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1881: 1880: 1871: 1870: 1863: 1862: 1853: 1852: 1845: 1844: 1835: 1834: 1827: 1826: 1817: 1816: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1791:tidal currents 1758:Duncansby Head 1750:Pentland Firth 1737: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1494: 1480: 1477: 1469:Italian Chapel 1409:Italian Chapel 1400: 1397: 1266: 1263: 1190:Jon Haraldsson 1032:Northern Isles 980:Main article: 977: 976:Norwegian rule 974: 940:archaeological 851: 848: 836:Plumcake Mound 765:Main article: 762: 759: 754:Main article: 751: 748: 708:called Orkan. 534:Pomponius Mela 510: 507: 492:Scots language 371:Northern Isles 369:. Part of the 355:Orkney Islands 320: 319: 311: 310: 305: 301: 300: 297: 293: 292: 289: 285: 284: 278: 277: 275:United Kingdom 272: 268: 267: 262: 256: 255: 250: 244: 243: 242:Administration 239: 238: 232: 228: 227: 224: 220: 219: 217:Northern Isles 214: 210: 209: 205: 204: 192:59.000; -3.000 167: 161: 160: 154: 148: 147: 140: 139: 133: 132: 131: 130: 127: 126: 118: 117: 113: 112: 105: 97: 91: 83: 82: 79: 78: 71: 64: 63: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17488: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17432: 17429: 17427: 17424: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17412: 17409: 17408: 17406: 17391: 17388: 17386: 17383: 17381: 17378: 17377: 17375: 17371: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17334:Stone of Eric 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17186: 17184: 17180: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17069: 17066: 17064: 17061: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16793:Grímur Kamban 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16748:Eric Bloodaxe 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16678:Amlaíb Conung 16676: 16674: 16673:Amlaíb Cuarán 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16660: 16658: 16654: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16637:Shield-maiden 16635: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16627:Ring Fortress 16625: 16621: 16618: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16578: 16577: 16576: 16573: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16558: 16556: 16553: 16552: 16550: 16546: 16542: 16536: 16533: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16525:Sack of Paris 16523: 16521: 16518: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16443: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16421: 16418: 16416: 16413: 16411: 16408: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16396: 16393: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16112: 16110: 16106: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16059: 16058: 16055: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16017: 16016: 16015:British Isles 16013: 16011: 16008: 16007: 16005: 16001: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15974: 15973: 15972:North America 15970: 15968: 15967:Faroe Islands 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15939: 15937: 15931: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15901: 15899: 15893: 15888: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15792:Norse rituals 15790: 15788: 15785: 15782: 15778: 15777:Norse funeral 15775: 15773: 15770: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15730:Elder Futhark 15728: 15727: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15692: 15690: 15686: 15682: 15675: 15670: 15668: 15663: 15661: 15656: 15655: 15652: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15577: 15575: 15571: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15542: 15540: 15536: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15502: 15498: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15468: 15466: 15464: 15460: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15441: 15437: 15434: 15430: 15427: 15423: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15391: 15388: 15387: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15377: 15375: 15373:Former states 15371: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15329: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15313: 15307: 15304: 15303: 15301: 15299:Island groups 15297: 15294: 15291: 15286: 15282: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15256: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15231: 15229: 15225: 15219: 15216: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15203: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15176: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15169:Great Britain 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15156: 15154: 15152:Island groups 15150: 15147: 15143: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15113: 15110: 15109: 15107: 15103: 15097: 15094: 15092: 15089: 15087: 15084: 15083: 15081: 15079: 15075: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15040: 15038: 15036: 15032: 15029: 15025: 15017: 15014: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14983: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14973: 14970: 14966: 14965:British Isles 14959: 14954: 14952: 14947: 14945: 14940: 14939: 14936: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14880: 14878: 14876: 14872: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14797: 14795: 14791: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14771: 14769: 14765: 14759: 14758:Old Norwegian 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14733: 14731: 14727: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14695:Law Ting Holm 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14682: 14680: 14678: 14674: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14657: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14645: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14618: 14614: 14612: 14611: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14601: 14599: 14595: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14558:Linton Chapel 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14510: 14508: 14504: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14444: 14442: 14438: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14411:Páll Bálkason 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14383: 14381: 14377: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14292: 14290: 14288:Notable women 14286: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14254:List of kings 14252: 14251: 14249: 14245: 14241: 14234: 14229: 14227: 14222: 14220: 14215: 14214: 14211: 14191: 14188: 14187: 14185: 14181: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14116: 14114: 14110: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14090: 14088: 14086: 14082: 14076: 14073: 14072: 14070: 14066: 14062: 14055: 14051: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14021:Shetland pony 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13976:Cairn Terrier 13974: 13973: 13971: 13967: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13947: 13945: 13941: 13935: 13934:St Kilda wren 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13924:Shetland wren 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13911: 13909: 13905: 13901: 13894: 13890: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13847: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13830: 13826: 13812: 13811: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13791: 13789: 13785: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13768: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13758: 13756: 13752: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13717: 13715: 13711: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13684:Thomas Fraser 13682: 13680: 13677: 13676: 13674: 13670: 13666: 13659: 13655: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13632: 13630: 13628: 13624: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13599: 13597: 13593: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13563: 13561: 13557: 13553: 13546: 13542: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13504: 13502: 13498: 13492: 13491: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13471: 13469: 13465: 13461: 13454: 13450: 13435: 13434: 13430: 13427: 13426: 13422: 13419: 13418: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13406: 13404: 13403: 13399: 13398: 13396: 13392: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13372: 13370: 13366: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13347: 13343: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13323: 13321: 13319: 13315: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13291: 13287: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13272: 13270: 13268: 13264: 13260: 13253: 13249: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13216: 13214: 13210: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13188: 13185: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13176: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13144: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13136: 13132: 13128: 13121: 13117: 13112: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13068: 13064: 13058: 13055: 13051: 13048: 13047: 13046: 13043: 13039: 13036: 13035: 13034: 13031: 13030: 13028: 13026: 13022: 13014: 13011: 13010: 13009: 13006: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12997: 12994: 12993: 12991: 12989: 12985: 12981: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12959: 12954: 12952: 12947: 12945: 12940: 12939: 12936: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12908:Stirlingshire 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12893:Roxburghshire 12891: 12888: 12885: 12882: 12879: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12831:Kinross-shire 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12801:Dumfriesshire 12799: 12796: 12795:Cromartyshire 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12750:Aberdeenshire 12748: 12747: 12744: 12740: 12736: 12729: 12724: 12722: 12717: 12715: 12710: 12709: 12706: 12696: 12692: 12688: 12683: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12556:East Ayrshire 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12526:Aberdeenshire 12524: 12522: 12521:Aberdeen City 12519: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12510: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12383:East Ayrshire 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12353:Aberdeenshire 12351: 12349: 12348:Aberdeen City 12346: 12345: 12343: 12341: 12340:Council areas 12337: 12333: 12329: 12322: 12317: 12315: 12310: 12308: 12303: 12302: 12299: 12289: 12284: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12190: 12187: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12039: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12024: 12022: 12018: 12014: 12006: 12001: 11999: 11994: 11992: 11987: 11986: 11983: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11946: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11905: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11869: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11801: 11799: 11795: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11783: 11779: 11778: 11776: 11772: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11722: 11720: 11718:Other islands 11716: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11664:Papa Stronsay 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11604: 11600: 11599: 11597: 11593: 11589: 11584: 11580: 11573: 11568: 11566: 11561: 11559: 11554: 11553: 11550: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11525: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11511: 11508: 11507: 11498: 11494: 11490: 11488: 11484: 11480: 11479:Orkney by Air 11476: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11459: 11455: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11443: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11429: 11425: 11421: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11411:9781840334678 11408: 11404: 11400: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11378: 11374: 11370: 11366: 11365: 11353: 11352: 11347: 11343: 11338: 11337:public domain 11326: 11324: 11323:1-84158-596-3 11320: 11316: 11312: 11310: 11309:0-85021-205-7 11306: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11293: 11289: 11285: 11283: 11282:1-84158-254-9 11279: 11275: 11271: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11247: 11243: 11242: 11236: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11220: 11219:0-304-35525-9 11216: 11212: 11208: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11192: 11191:90-04-15893-6 11188: 11184: 11180: 11178: 11177:0-7524-2517-X 11174: 11170: 11166: 11164: 11163:1-85410-978-2 11160: 11156: 11152: 11150: 11149:0-304-93565-4 11146: 11142: 11138: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11124: 11120: 11116: 11114: 11113:0-7524-3764-X 11110: 11106: 11102: 11101: 11080: 11076: 11072: 11066: 11050: 11046: 11042: 11035: 11019: 11015: 11009: 10990: 10984: 10965: 10958: 10952: 10936: 10932: 10926: 10910: 10906: 10900: 10884: 10880: 10874: 10858: 10854: 10848: 10832: 10828: 10821: 10805: 10801: 10795: 10779: 10775: 10771: 10765: 10746: 10739: 10733: 10717: 10713: 10707: 10691: 10687: 10681: 10665: 10661: 10655: 10639: 10635: 10629: 10614: 10613: 10608: 10602: 10595: 10591: 10588: 10583: 10575: 10569: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10539: 10532: 10528: 10524: 10521: 10516: 10507: 10501: 10493: 10489: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10473: 10469: 10465: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10451: 10444: 10435: 10428: 10424: 10421: 10416: 10414: 10406: 10400: 10384: 10380: 10374: 10367: 10363: 10360: 10355: 10348: 10344: 10341: 10336: 10329: 10325: 10322: 10317: 10311: 10307: 10303: 10298: 10291: 10287: 10284: 10279: 10272: 10268: 10265: 10264:Orkneyjar FAQ 10260: 10253: 10249: 10246: 10241: 10225: 10221: 10215: 10208: 10204: 10201: 10198: 10195: 10189: 10182: 10178: 10175: 10170: 10161: 10152: 10145: 10141: 10138: 10133: 10126: 10125:0-08-034518-2 10122: 10118: 10117: 10110: 10103: 10102: 10095: 10086: 10079: 10075: 10072: 10067: 10061: 10060:0-9513443-4-X 10057: 10053: 10047: 10038: 10036: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10010: 10005: 10001: 9995: 9986: 9977: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9947: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9917: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9887: 9880: 9876: 9873: 9868: 9861: 9857: 9854: 9849: 9842: 9838: 9835: 9830: 9823: 9819: 9816: 9811: 9795: 9791: 9785: 9770: 9765: 9757: 9750: 9746: 9743: 9738: 9731: 9727: 9724: 9719: 9712: 9708: 9705: 9700: 9693: 9689: 9686: 9681: 9679: 9662: 9658: 9652: 9636: 9632: 9626: 9610: 9606: 9605:Hydrogen East 9602: 9596: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9566: 9550: 9546: 9540: 9524: 9520: 9514: 9498: 9494: 9493: 9488: 9482: 9466: 9462: 9456: 9440: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9424: 9408: 9404: 9398: 9382: 9378: 9374: 9368: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9338: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9303: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9273: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9258: 9252: 9245: 9240: 9224: 9220: 9214: 9198: 9194: 9188: 9172: 9168: 9164: 9163: 9162:Fully Charged 9158: 9151: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9095: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9077: 9072: 9057: 9056:www.uhi.ac.uk 9053: 9047: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8979: 8975: 8969: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8939: 8923: 8919: 8913: 8897: 8893: 8887: 8879: 8873: 8869: 8862: 8855: 8851: 8848: 8843: 8841: 8833: 8829: 8826: 8821: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8798: 8783:. 2 July 2023 8782: 8781: 8776: 8770: 8755: 8754: 8749: 8742: 8727: 8726: 8721: 8714: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8683: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8652: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8633: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8603: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8584: 8577: 8573: 8570: 8569:"Jim Wallace" 8565: 8558: 8554: 8551: 8546: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8527: 8520: 8515: 8508: 8504: 8501: 8496: 8480: 8477:. Orknejyar. 8476: 8470: 8462: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8429: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8392: 8388: 8385: 8380: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8349: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8319: 8303: 8299: 8295: 8289: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8258: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8228: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8186: 8183: 8178: 8171: 8167: 8164: 8159: 8144: 8140: 8134: 8119: 8115: 8109: 8093: 8089: 8083: 8067: 8061: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8030: 8014: 8010: 8004: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7963: 7959: 7952: 7945: 7941: 7938: 7933: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7914: 7907: 7903: 7900: 7895: 7888: 7885: 7884:archive.today 7881: 7878: 7873: 7871: 7861: 7852: 7845: 7841: 7838: 7832: 7825: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7811: 7805: 7798: 7794: 7791: 7785: 7778: 7772: 7763: 7761: 7753: 7749: 7746: 7740: 7733: 7729: 7726: 7720: 7713: 7707: 7689: 7683: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7634: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7617: 7612: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7593: 7584: 7582: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7551: 7550: 7542: 7533: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7516: 7511: 7509: 7501: 7500:Chisholm 1911 7496: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7482: 7478: 7475: 7470: 7463: 7462: 7455: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7436: 7434: 7424: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7394: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7363: 7354: 7345: 7343: 7333: 7324: 7315: 7306: 7297: 7288: 7279: 7277: 7267: 7258: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7239: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7220: 7213: 7212:Chisholm 1911 7208: 7199: 7190: 7181: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7162: 7153: 7144: 7135: 7133: 7123: 7114: 7105: 7098: 7094: 7091: 7086: 7077: 7068: 7059: 7050: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7031: 7024: 7020: 7015: 7008: 7002: 6995: 6994: 6987: 6985: 6975: 6966: 6957: 6948: 6939: 6930: 6921: 6912: 6903: 6894: 6878: 6874: 6867: 6859: 6857: 6849: 6840: 6838: 6828: 6819: 6810: 6801: 6792: 6785: 6781: 6778: 6777: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6743: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6713: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6691: 6685: 6676: 6667: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6637: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6607: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6567: 6560: 6556: 6553: 6548: 6539: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6520: 6513: 6509: 6506: 6501: 6494: 6489: 6482: 6476: 6469: 6464: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6444: 6442: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6415: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6400: 6391: 6389: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6369: 6360: 6352: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6337: 6329: 6321: 6315: 6299: 6295: 6294: 6286: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6252: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6233: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6204: 6195: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6176: 6170: 6165: 6158: 6156: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6134: 6129: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6110: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6086: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6067: 6060: 6054: 6045: 6036: 6017: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5998: 5988: 5979: 5975: 5960: 5951: 5942: 5934: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5912: 5907: 5901: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5875: 5868: 5862: 5853: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5827: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5802: 5796: 5787: 5777: 5768: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5744:Henry of Lund 5739: 5730: 5723: 5722: 5714: 5707: 5701: 5694: 5688: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5662: 5654: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5629: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5543: 5538: 5535: 5524: 5521: 5510: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5478: 5469: 5465: 5462:This list is 5460: 5453: 5452: 5444: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5419:There are 13 5412: 5410: 5409: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5396:RSPB Scotland 5390: 5388: 5384: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5354: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5338: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5225: 5220: 5211: 5209: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5156: 5151: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5073: 5070: 5064: 5059: 5055: 5054:Insular Scots 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5011: 5002: 5000: 4995: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4957: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4894:(3 & 4), 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4816: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4689:(operated by 4688: 4685:Gills Bay to 4684: 4683: 4682: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4665:Earl Thorfinn 4660: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4615:in Shetland. 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4572: 4569: 4564: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4544: 4541:In May 2020, 4539: 4536: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4453: 4449: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4436: 4427: 4423: 4418: 4409: 4407: 4401: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4371:Scotch whisky 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4298: 4297:Isle of Wight 4294: 4290: 4289:Western Isles 4286: 4282: 4277: 4275: 4270: 4267: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4211:Liam McArthur 4208: 4205:(MSP) by the 4204: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4189: 4188:Liberal Party 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3988:Holm of Faray 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3949:Papa Stronsay 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3757: 3747: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3618: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557:Mean monthly 3555: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3508: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3254: 3249: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185:Mean monthly 3183: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3136: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3066:precipitation 3062: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2454:geomorphology 2451: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2422: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2339: 2334: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2297: 2294: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2207: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2043: 2033: 2024: 2023: 2013: 2012: 2002: 2001: 1984: 1983: 1966: 1965: 1948: 1947: 1930: 1929: 1912: 1911: 1894: 1893: 1876: 1875: 1858: 1857: 1840: 1839: 1822: 1821: 1806: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1742: 1728: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1513: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1443:in 1918, the 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1206:Earl of Angus 1203: 1199: 1195: 1192:'s murder in 1191: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1069:broch of Hoxa 1066: 1065:Eric Bloodaxe 1062: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1009: 1008: 1003: 999: 995: 994: 988: 983: 973: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 952: 948: 945: 941: 937: 932: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 901: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 864: 860: 859:Midhowe Broch 856: 847: 845: 844:Holm of Faray 841: 837: 833: 828: 826: 821: 819: 815: 814:passage grave 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 795:Knap of Howar 792: 788: 781: 777: 773: 768: 757: 747: 745: 740: 738: 734: 730: 725: 719: 714: 709: 707: 702: 701: 695: 690: 684: 679: 678: 673: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 650: 649: 643: 638: 634: 633: 628: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 599:Ynysoedd Erch 595: 590: 585: 581: 577: 572: 566: 564: 560: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 506: 504: 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 481: 480:local climate 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 455:absorbed the 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 402:council areas 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 350: 326: 312: 309: 306: 302: 298: 294: 291:22,540 (2021) 290: 286: 283: 279: 276: 273: 269: 266: 263: 261: 257: 254: 251: 249: 245: 240: 236: 233: 229: 225: 221: 218: 215: 211: 206: 202: 196: 168: 166: 162: 137: 128: 124: 119: 114: 108: 101: 94: 87: 80: 76: 72: 69: 65: 61: 57: 54: 50: 44: 40: 33: 19: 17153:Vagn Åkesson 17073:Skalla-Grímr 17068:Sitric Caech 16933:Leif Erikson 16913:Ketilsdóttir 16753:Erik the Red 16545:Arms, armour 15935:and colonies 15924:Visby lenses 15914:Viking ships 15807:Raven banner 15630:Ulster-Scots 15205: 14738:Middle Irish 14654: 14642: 14617:Darraðarljóð 14615: 14608: 14568:Old Scatness 14386:Caittil Find 14340:Isabel Bruce 13991:Luing cattle 13981:Eriskay Pony 13808: 13794:Islay whisky 13765: 13627:Oil industry 13488: 13431: 13423: 13415: 13407: 13400: 13224:Dun Carloway 13203:Old Scatness 13007: 12923:Wigtownshire 12918:West Lothian 12898:Selkirkshire 12876:Renfrewshire 12866:Peeblesshire 12860: 12811:East Lothian 12775:Berwickshire 12687:List by area 12676:West Lothian 12641:Renfrewshire 12591:Glasgow City 12566:East Lothian 12503:West Lothian 12468:Renfrewshire 12457: 12418:Glasgow City 12393:East Lothian 12169:Lady Village 12145:Hollandstoun 12012: 11780: 11730:Helliar Holm 11669:Papa Westray 11601: 11578: 11478: 11464: 11457: 11433: 11419: 11402: 11388: 11372: 11368: 11367:Batey, C.E. 11349: 11314: 11300: 11287: 11273: 11259: 11240: 11224: 11210: 11196: 11182: 11168: 11154: 11140: 11122: 11118: 11104: 11083:. Retrieved 11075:The Orcadian 11074: 11065: 11053:. Retrieved 11044: 11034: 11022:. Retrieved 11008: 10996:. Retrieved 10983: 10971:. Retrieved 10951: 10939:. Retrieved 10935:the original 10925: 10913:. Retrieved 10909:the original 10899: 10887:. Retrieved 10873: 10861:. Retrieved 10847: 10835:. Retrieved 10820: 10808:. Retrieved 10794: 10782:. Retrieved 10773: 10764: 10752:. Retrieved 10732: 10720:. Retrieved 10706: 10694:. Retrieved 10680: 10668:. Retrieved 10664:the original 10654: 10642:. Retrieved 10628: 10616:. Retrieved 10610: 10601: 10582: 10573: 10568: 10556:. Retrieved 10548:Sheep Breeds 10547: 10538: 10515: 10500:cite journal 10459: 10453: 10449: 10443: 10434: 10404: 10399: 10387:. Retrieved 10373: 10354: 10335: 10316: 10297: 10278: 10259: 10240: 10228:. Retrieved 10214: 10193: 10188: 10169: 10160: 10151: 10132: 10114: 10109: 10101:The Orcadian 10099: 10094: 10085: 10066: 10054:. Byrgisey. 10051: 10046: 10022:. Retrieved 10013: 10007: 9994: 9985: 9976: 9964:. 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Retrieved 5987: 5978: 5959: 5950: 5941: 5924:slurry, and 5920:, meaning a 5900: 5893:Proto-Celtic 5883: 5874: 5861: 5852: 5835: 5826: 5808: 5795: 5786: 5776: 5767: 5738: 5729: 5719: 5713: 5700: 5692: 5687: 5680:The Guardian 5679: 5673: 5653: 5632: 5485: 5472: 5418: 5406: 5404: 5392: 5379: 5359: 5344:since 1908. 5335: 5333: 5318: 5314:Happy Valley 5279: 5235:common seals 5228: 5205: 5181: 5161: 5127: 5085: 5074: 5035: 5016: 4996: 4965: 4961:Orkney Today 4960: 4956:The Orcadian 4954: 4952: 4944: 4862:, Kirkwall, 4829: 4814: 4743:(or Papay), 4741:Papa Westray 4730: 4679: 4664: 4636:Papa Westray 4617: 4583: 4565: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4540: 4532: 4524: 4497:During 2007 4496: 4485: 4474: 4450: 4439: 4431: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4386: 4374:distilleries 4340: 4321: 4317: 4301: 4278: 4271: 4263: 4248: 4230: 4192: 4172:constituency 4162: 4106: 4043: 3996:Holm of Papa 3992:Holm of Huip 3984:Helliar Holm 3968:Calf of Eday 3965: 3919: 3900:Papa Westray 3885: 3881: 3852: 3838: 3808: 3781: 3761:The Mainland 3745: 3742:Demographics 3707:Papa Westray 3672: 3638: 3623: 3068:mm (inches) 2513: 2505:shortest day 2494: 2490: 2471: 2437: 2415: 2408: 2401: 2386:Lake Orcadie 2379: 2344: 2205: 2088: 2076: 2064: 2041: 2020: 2009: 1998: 1980: 1962: 1944: 1926: 1908: 1890: 1872: 1854: 1836: 1818: 1788: 1777: 1766: 1747: 1726: 1482: 1473: 1458: 1439:. After the 1437:World War II 1422: 1399:20th century 1382: 1368:(3,048 1354: 1350: 1318: 1313: 1310: 1283: 1248: 1225: 1181: 1179: 1142: 1133: 1107: 1095: 1093: 1054: 1035: 1013: 1007:Flateyjarbók 1005: 991: 954:missionaries 933: 911:in AD 43 at 902: 867: 829: 822: 799:Papa Westray 784: 741: 732: 728: 710: 693: 674:" and added 658: 653: 646: 596:is known as 567: 562: 561:in his work 559:John Tzetzes 521: 512: 485: 477: 467:promised to 430: 426:independents 406:constituency 399: 358: 354: 324: 323: 282:Demographics 248:Council area 213:Island group 107:Coat of arms 43: 18:Orkney Isles 17123:Thorir Hund 17053:Sigurd Ring 16908:Jomsvikings 16605:Yarm helmet 16040:Isle of Man 15994:Kievan Rus' 15827:Skíðblaðnir 15781:ship burial 15700:Brisingamen 15519:Guernésiais 15364:Isle of Man 15249:Isle of Man 15196:Isle of Man 15096:Isle of Man 14981:Terminology 14855:Vestrajǫrðr 14830:Isle of Man 14506:Archaeology 14406:Olvir Rosta 14174:Torridonian 13919:Orkney vole 13699:Up Helly Aa 12889:(from 1889) 12841:Lanarkshire 12551:Dundee City 12378:Dundee City 11965:Orkney F.C. 11694:South Walls 10998:25 November 10973:25 November 10941:25 November 10915:25 November 10389:1 September 10137:"The Trows" 10104:. Kirkwall. 9966:15 November 9936:15 November 9906:15 November 9061:19 December 9036:19 February 8759:17 February 8731:17 February 8148:11 December 8118:maps.nls.uk 8098:23 February 7968:9 September 7515:"Get-a-Map" 7383:20 December 6996:chapter 12. 6883:18 November 6304:10 February 6275:10 February 5577:Orkney Club 5490:of Orkney: 5383:hen harrier 5370:Orkney vole 5366:common vole 5267:common vole 5263:Orkney vole 5255:great skuas 5249:(tysties), 5033:in Orkney. 4963:, in 2007. 4781:South Walls 4668:arrives at 4467:on-site at 4376:in Orkney ( 4236:independent 4215:Jim Wallace 4141:Rysa Little 4129:Glimps Holm 4094:Glimps Holm 4074:South Walls 3841:Sule Skerry 2497:longest day 2486:Gulf Stream 2426:Lamprophyre 2359:metamorphic 2051:Settlement 1797:Settlements 1433:World War I 1312:themselves 1290:Christian I 1255:place names 1130:in Kirkwall 1104:South Walls 1057:Torf-Einarr 962:enslavement 913:Camulodunum 903:During the 870:Quanterness 830:During the 594:archipelago 526:Dunnet Head 373:along with 363:archipelago 190: / 165:Coordinates 17405:Categories 17182:Runestones 16698:Berle-Kari 16663:Airdeconut 15857:Viking art 15852:Viking Age 15529:Sercquiais 14908:MacDougall 14903:Mac Coitir 14805:Brunanburh 14700:Lunnasting 14093:Eday Group 14031:Soay sheep 13640:Sullom Voe 13394:Literature 13375:Clearances 13164:Skara Brae 13124:Prehistory 13093:Sea Stacks 12913:Sutherland 12881:Ross-shire 12871:Perthshire 12856:Nairnshire 12846:Midlothian 12770:Banffshire 12691:population 12606:Midlothian 12601:Inverclyde 12433:Midlothian 12428:Inverclyde 12241:Tankerness 12165:Kettletoft 12102:Broughtown 11898:Witchcraft 11893:Scapa Flow 11883:Prehistory 11844:St Andrews 11654:Inner Holm 11403:Old Orkney 11125:. Leiden. 11024:12 October 10889:2 February 10863:2 February 10837:2 February 10810:2 February 10784:2 February 10754:2 February 10722:2 February 10618:24 October 10230:31 October 10016:: 677–96. 9667:7 February 9641:7 February 9615:7 February 9585:7 February 9555:3 February 9529:3 February 9519:"Hydrogen" 9503:3 February 9471:7 February 9445:3 February 9413:7 February 9203:3 February 9140:3 February 9114:3 February 9010:3 February 8984:3 February 8958:3 February 8703:8 February 8672:8 February 8369:30 January 8338:30 January 8308:30 January 8278:30 January 8247:30 January 8217:30 January 8019:3 November 7988:Met Office 7887:Met Office 7373:The Herald 6707:pp. 55–65. 5841:Rigsraadet 5708:in 565 AD. 5619:References 5499:Royal Navy 5464:incomplete 5374:NatureScot 5310:Sutherland 5290:sea thrift 5286:sea squill 5243:kittiwakes 5130:Edwin Muir 5042:West Norse 4924:Skara Brae 4896:Tankerness 4361:and other 4046:Scapa Flow 4020:Sweyn Holm 4008:Linga Holm 3876:semi-feral 3845:Sule Stack 3670:councils. 3512:(≥ 1.0 mm) 3234:Met Office 3232:Source 1: 3140:(≥ 1.0 mm) 2404:Eday Group 2218:Population 1429:Scapa Flow 1425:Royal Navy 1329:White fish 1308:in 1472. 1257:, and the 832:Bronze Age 803:Skara Brae 791:Tankerness 785:A charred 761:Prehistory 624:fossilized 612:in modern 602:in modern 433:Mesolithic 288:Population 17143:Turgesius 17018:Reginheri 16988:Palnatoke 16773:Freygeirr 16555:Berserker 16079:Pomerania 16074:Rhineland 16003:Expansion 15952:Greenland 15933:Homelands 15877:Yggdrasil 15797:Old Norse 15752:Hnefatafl 15720:Einherjar 15509:Auregnais 15145:Geography 14923:MacDonald 14893:Somhairle 14767:Etymology 14748:Old Norse 14710:Sandsting 14650:Ounceland 14543:Earl's Bu 14533:Camas Uig 14452:Dál Riata 14391:Ingimundr 13586:Stromness 13581:Stornoway 13457:Etymology 13436:(Boswell) 13428:(Johnson) 13336:Finlaggan 13267:Dál Riata 12977:Geography 12883:(to 1889) 12797:(to 1889) 12785:Caithness 12266:Whitehall 12231:St Mary's 12200:Pierowall 12191:Northtown 12185:Mirbister 12110:Bustatoun 12098:Broughton 12084:Braeswick 12071:Bimbister 12061:Backaland 12056:Ancumtoun 12032:Stromness 11863:Stromness 11788:Stromness 11735:Lamb Holm 11725:Eynhallow 11684:Shapinsay 11185:. Brill. 9769:The Times 9229:1 October 6314:cite book 6025:14 August 5971:Citations 5904:Only two 5821:history". 5760:Trondheim 5758:(today's 5706:Inverness 5624:Footnotes 5475:July 2021 5437:sand eels 5408:The Times 5282:sea aster 5271:Neolithic 5150:Orcadians 5144:Orcadians 5103:Agravaine 5031:Old Irish 4984:Caithness 4978:station, 4940:NorthLink 4864:St Mary's 4848:Stromness 4820:Pierowall 4807:, in the 4761:Shapinsay 4725:Stromness 4609:Inverness 4601:Edinburgh 4575:Transport 4448:in June. 4137:Lamb Holm 4121:Corn Holm 4098:Lamb Holm 4054:Ward Hill 4016:Rusk Holm 4004:Kili Holm 3976:Eynhallow 3957:Shapinsay 3915:quarrying 3912:limestone 3819:Neolithic 3804:Stromness 3792:Stromness 3776:Stromness 3728:Stromness 3716:Shapinsay 2411:synclinal 2355:Caithness 2296:Shapinsay 2170:< 500 2166:Whitehall 2160:< 500 2150:< 500 2146:Pierowall 2140:< 500 2130:< 500 2120:< 500 2110:< 500 2100:< 500 2072:Stromness 2011:Shetland→ 2000:Whitehall 1964:Pierowall 1838:Stromness 1780:Ward Hill 1762:Caithness 1736:Geography 1459:Royal Oak 1457:HMS 1441:Armistice 1413:Lamb Holm 1366:long tons 1325:Stromness 1274:James III 1244:Edinburgh 1163:martyrdom 944:Dalriadic 917:Shapinsay 718:Megenland 683:Orkneyjar 663:Old Norse 655:Norwegian 584:Old Irish 563:Chiliades 556:Byzantine 509:Etymology 459:into the 437:Neolithic 416:, and an 379:Caithness 235:Ward Hill 75:Orkneyjar 68:Old Norse 17168:Uí Ímair 16948:Náttfari 16928:Lagertha 16888:Hvitserk 16620:Ingelrii 16615:Ulfberht 16595:Dane axe 16067:Normandy 16062:Brittany 16045:Scotland 15989:Jomsborg 15962:Shetland 15909:Longship 15847:Valkyrie 15842:Valhalla 15772:Norsemen 15762:Leysingi 15757:Holmgang 15705:Danegeld 15625:Scottish 15524:Jèrriais 15440:Germanic 15354:Guernsey 15342:Scotland 15264:Scotland 15211:Shetland 15174:Hebrides 15062:Scotland 15027:Politics 15016:Hibernia 14918:Macruari 14888:Uí Ímair 14825:Epiphany 14810:Clontarf 14784:Hebrides 14730:Language 14715:Tingwall 14690:Dingwall 14677:Althings 14667:Udal law 14628:Hogbacks 14563:Maeshowe 14548:Jarlshof 14492:Scotland 14477:Shetland 14462:Lochlann 14396:Ljótólfr 14279:Uí Ímair 14112:Hebrides 14068:Shetland 13897:Wildlife 13833:Politics 13704:Vagaland 13679:Aly Bain 13672:Shetland 13595:Agencies 13576:Rothesay 13566:Kirkwall 13527:St Kilda 13500:Specific 13484:Hebrides 13420:(Martin) 13359:Udal law 13198:Jarlshof 13149:Maeshowe 13057:St Kilda 13025:Hebrides 12996:Shetland 12903:Shetland 12765:Ayrshire 12739:Scotland 12666:Stirling 12596:Highland 12513:Councils 12493:Stirling 12478:Shetland 12423:Highland 12332:Scotland 12275:Windwick 12246:Tingwall 12236:Stenness 12211:Rackwick 12173:Longhope 12130:Finstown 12115:Cairston 12080:Braehead 12027:Kirkwall 11907:Politics 11859:Stenness 11854:Sandwick 11809:Deerness 11782:Kirkwall 11699:Stronsay 11639:Graemsay 11609:Auskerry 11603:Mainland 11524:Archived 11079:Archived 11049:Archived 11018:Archived 10964:Archived 10883:Archived 10857:Archived 10831:Archived 10804:Archived 10778:Archived 10774:BBC News 10745:Archived 10716:Archived 10696:10 April 10690:Archived 10670:10 April 10644:10 April 10638:Archived 10590:Archived 10558:23 April 10552:Archived 10523:Archived 10484:12753214 10423:Archived 10383:Archived 10362:Archived 10343:Archived 10324:Archived 10306:Archived 10286:Archived 10267:Archived 10248:Archived 10224:Archived 10203:Archived 10177:Archived 10140:Archived 10074:Archived 10018:Archived 10002:(1995). 9875:Archived 9856:Archived 9837:Archived 9818:Archived 9745:Archived 9726:Archived 9707:Archived 9688:Archived 9661:Archived 9635:Archived 9579:Archived 9575:BBC News 9549:Archived 9523:Archived 9497:Archived 9465:Archived 9439:Archived 9407:Archived 9381:Archived 9377:BBC News 9351:Archived 9321:Archived 9286:Archived 9262:Archived 9223:Archived 9197:Archived 9171:Archived 9134:Archived 9108:Archived 9104:BBC News 9079:Archived 9030:Archived 8978:Archived 8952:Archived 8948:BBC News 8928:29 March 8902:29 March 8850:Archived 8828:Archived 8780:BBC News 8697:Archived 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6149:Agricola 6117:Archived 6074:Archived 5906:Q-Celtic 5889:P-Celtic 5845:guilders 5638:Shetland 5592:Udal Law 5506:See also 5200:bagpipes 5190:such as 5164:Orcadian 5087:King Lot 5038:toponymy 4900:Deerness 4860:Finstown 4856:Maeshowe 4852:Stenness 4813:MV 4805:Tingwall 4777:Longhope 4769:Graemsay 4757:Stronsay 4663:MV 4620:Stronsay 4597:Aberdeen 4593:Loganair 4568:Shetland 4380:and the 4328:lobsters 4295:and the 4293:Anglesey 4285:Shetland 4159:Politics 4117:Copinsay 4066:Graemsay 4062:seastack 4034:Graemsay 3959:and its 3953:Auskerry 3945:Stronsay 3908:moorland 3813:and the 3800:farmland 3788:Kirkwall 3725:Stenness 3713:Sandwick 3599:1,197.7 3505:(40.32) 3133:(41.28) 3064:Average 2474:latitude 2462:moraines 2450:erratics 2431:of Late 2418:basaltic 2382:Eifelian 2367:Graemsay 2351:Devonian 2286:Stronsay 2126:Longhope 2084:Finstown 2060:Kirkwall 2022:Highland 1928:Longhope 1856:Finstown 1820:Kirkwall 1719:Source: 1464:barriers 1427:base at 1393:Culloden 1374:soda ash 1298:Margaret 1278:Margaret 1236:Sinclair 1151:Shetland 1016:Shetland 966:genocide 909:Claudius 878:Iron Age 850:Iron Age 811:Maeshowe 787:hazelnut 589:Insi Orc 548:Agricola 518:Massalia 449:Norsemen 395:Kirkwall 389:and the 383:Mainland 375:Shetland 367:Scotland 361:, is an 308:Kirkwall 265:Scotland 203:: GB-ORK 201:ISO Code 116:Location 17373:Related 16943:Naddodd 16868:Hastein 16843:Hagrold 16813:Guthrum 16808:Guthred 16693:Bagsecg 16590:Skeggöx 16580:Halberd 16108:Battles 16084:Estonia 16020:Danelaw 15982:Vinland 15947:Iceland 15872:Wergeld 15837:Tyrfing 15822:Seeress 15767:Mjölnir 15725:Futhark 15688:Culture 15681:Vikings 15590:English 15585:Cornish 15580:British 15501:Romance 15471:Cornish 15448:English 15425:Society 15332:England 15322:Ireland 15306:Ireland 15290:outline 15285:History 15259:England 15239:Ireland 15191:Ireland 15052:England 15043:Ireland 15006:Britain 15001:Prydain 14913:MacLeod 14845:Skyhill 14840:Renfrew 14753:Pictish 14720:Tynwald 14705:Nesting 14685:Delting 14604:Birlinn 14513:Bornish 14440:History 14058:Geology 14006:Sheltie 14001:Scottie 13662:Culture 13571:Lerwick 13549:Economy 13467:General 13412:(Monro) 13275:Columba 13256:History 12695:density 12581:Falkirk 12408:Falkirk 12221:Rendall 12216:Rapness 12207:Quoyloo 12204:Quindry 12140:Herston 12094:Brinian 12066:Balfour 11888:History 11878:Geology 11839:Rendall 11704:Westray 11634:Gairsay 11624:Egilsay 11339:: 11085:13 July 11055:13 July 10492:2819914 10464:Bibcode 9357:4 April 9327:4 April 9292:4 April 9282:BIG HIT 9278:"About" 8485:6 April 7696:22 July 6210:(1959) 6145:Tacitus 5750:and of 5693:Orcades 5325:seaweed 5275:endemic 5239:puffins 5111:Gaheris 5099:Gawaine 5093:(e.g., 4936:Marwick 4908:Egilsay 4809:Rendall 4797:Egilsay 4737:Westray 4704:Lerwick 4698:Burwick 4670:Westray 4632:Westray 4605:Glasgow 4465:Pelamis 4412:Tourism 4363:seafood 4324:herring 4314:Economy 4272:In the 4264:In the 4253:as the 4193:In the 3929:Gairsay 3925:Egilsay 3896:Westray 3823:Pictish 3750:Islands 3737:Westray 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