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798:, convicted in the 1954 attack on Congress in which five members of the House of Representatives were wounded by gunfire. Collazo had been eligible for parole since April 1966, and Lebron since July 1969. Cancel Miranda and Flores became eligible for parole in July 1979, but none had applied for parole because of their political beliefs. Upon their return to Puerto Rico, these activists were received as heroes by their supporters and independence groups. The
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for Puerto Rico and who had appointed the first native-born Puerto Rican governor. Collazo replied that he had nothing against Truman, saying that he was "a symbol of the system. You don't attack the man, you attack the system." Collazo said he had been devoted to the
Nationalist Party since 1932.
852:
Oscar and Rosa
Collazo eventually were divorced. She continued to actively participate in Puerto Rico's independence movement. In 1984 a commemoration for her independence activities was held in the Bar Association Building. She was also given recognition for her efforts towards the commutation of
820:
with her husband. She spent eight months in federal prison. Upon her release from prison, Rosa
Collazo continued to work with the Nationalist Party. She helped gather 100,000 signatures in an effort to save her husband from the electric chair.
649:, an American doctor who had written a controversial letter claiming to have killed Puerto Ricans in experiments. Outraged, Albizu had complained to the governor and gained an investigation. Rhoads was eventually cleared of any crime.
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617:. His brother was a member of the Liberal Party which had independence beliefs. When Collazo was 14 years old, he participated in a student demonstration, which the government had made illegal, commemorating the birth of
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when the latter was hospitalized for a time at the
Columbus Hospital. Collazo had become the secretary and later served as president of the New York branch of the Nationalist Party. After he met
728:
On
October 31, 1950, Collazo and Torresola arrived at Union Station in Washington, D.C., and registered in the Harris Hotel. On November 1, 1950, with guns in hand, they attempted to enter the
694:, had failed. Torresola's sister had been wounded and his brother Elio was arrested. Believing they had to do something for their cause, Collazo and Torresola decided to assassinate President
661:, a divorcee. The couple had a total of three daughters from previous marriages: Rosa with two and Collazo with one. He worked in a metal polishing factory and led a normal family life.
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petitioned for the commutation of
Collazo’s life sentence for his attempted assassination of Truman. President Truman commuted his sentence to life imprisonment. He was sent to the
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Collazo was convicted and sentenced to death, but Truman commuted his sentence to life imprisonment. In 1979 Collazo's sentence was commuted to time served by
President
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740:. Collazo wounded another man. After wounding two others, Torresola was killed by the mortally wounded Coffelt. Collazo was shot in the chest and arrested.
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her ex-husband's death sentence. Rosa
Collazo, who died in May 1988, lived the last years of her life by the side of her daughter Lydia Collazo Cortez.
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commuted his sentence to time served, after
Collazo had spent 29 years in prison. President Carter also pardoned Collazo's fellow Nationalists:
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In 1932, when
Collazo was 18 years old, he participated in another demonstration commemorating José de Diego. This time the main speaker was
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642:. That day Collazo was so impressed by Albizu Campos' leadership that he joined the Nationalist Party and devoted himself to it.
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Collazo's trial was set for February 26, 1951. In 1952, Collazo was convicted and sentenced to death. In 1952, his attorney
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By Vicki Ruíz, Virginia Sánchez Korrol, Inc NetLibrary; Published by Indiana University Press, 2006; Page 164;
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2016:
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Truman supported organizing a referendum in 1952 by which residents in Puerto Rico could vote on a proposed
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In 1941, Collazo moved to New York City, which had a large Puerto Rican community. There he met and married
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Susan E. Lederer, "Porto Ricochet": Joking about Germs, Cancer, and Race Extermination in the 1930s"
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Jimmy Carter: Puerto Rican Nationalists Announcement of the President's Commutation of Sentences
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honoring Puerto Rico's independence leaders; it includes images of Collazo and Torresola.
578:(January 20, 1914 – February 21, 1994) was one of two Puerto Rican militants of the
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Collazo's wife, Rosa, had been arrested at the time of the assassination attempt by the
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Newsreel scenes in English of the assassination attempt on U.S. President Harry S Truman
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Collazo heard Albizu talk about the abuses of American imperialism, as symbolized by
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1960:
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1338:"War Against All Puerto Ricans: Revolution and Terror in America’s Colony"; Author:
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American Gunfight: The Plot To Kill Harry Truman - And The Shoot-Out That Stopped It
1318:(New York: New York Committee to Free the Puerto Rican Nationalist Prisoners, 1978).
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Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
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List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
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publicly opposed the pardons granted by Carter, stating that it would encourage
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In prison, Collazo was asked why he had targeted Truman, who was in favor of
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736:. During the attack, Torresola mortally wounded White House Police officer,
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1150:"Guide to the Abraham Unger Papers TAM.157: Historical/Biographical Note"
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He had been living in New York City after growing up in Puerto Rico.
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Oscar Collazo continued to participate in activities related to
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1038:, Volume 14, Number 4, Winter 2002, accessed 23 October 2013
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On October 30, 1950, Torresola and Collazo learned that the
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732:, where the President was living during renovation of the
2202:
Prisoners sentenced to death by the District of Columbia
1238:
Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia,
864:, having passed his 80th birthday by just over a month.
759:, or Commonwealth. It was approved by 81.9% of voters.
601:. He was paroled and allowed to return to Puerto Rico.
2197:
People convicted of murder by the District of Columbia
1130:
Elections in the Americas: A Data Handbook, Volume I
871:
2172:
Failed assassins of presidents of the United States
1078:. Twin Falls, Idaho: Times News. February 25, 1951.
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Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
289:
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1480:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
1316:Oscar Collazo: Portrait of a Puerto Rican Patriot
2143:
979: and the second or maternal family name is
860:. On February 21, 1994, he died of a stroke in
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2212:Imprisoned Puerto Rican independence activists
690:in Puerto Rico, led by the nationalist leader
672:in New York, the two men soon became friends.
2207:American people convicted of attempted murder
2177:Members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1369:
556:
2182:Recipients of American presidential clemency
1092:"Oscar Collazo, 80, Truman Attacker in 1950"
609:Oscar Collazo López was born in what is now
1342:; Publisher: Nation Books (April 7, 2015);
1266:"Oscar Collazo, 80, Truman Attacker in '50"
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2227:Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
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841:. In the Puerto Rican Cultural Center of
755:, which defined the island's status as an
682:Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
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309:Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
251:Flag of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
36:
2192:Puerto Rican prisoners sentenced to death
1328:(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005).
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1470:Hostosian National Independence Movement
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2187:Puerto Rican people convicted of murder
2167:Puerto Rican people of Galician descent
1450:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
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2113:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
2057:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1507:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
1020:
2082:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
1357:
1116:, Simon & Schuster, 1992; p. 812.
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2162:People from Florida, Puerto Rico
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1152:. Tamiment Library. January 2017
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782:On September 6, 1979, President
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1460:Puerto Rican Independence Party
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829:In 1979, Collazo and the other
814:Federal Bureau of Investigation
664:He met and became friends with
1996:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1628:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1465:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1214:"Puerto Rican Cultural Center"
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640:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
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530:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
84:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
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2017:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
1931:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1691:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1543:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
992:
816:(FBI) on suspicion of having
809:and undermine public safety.
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510:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
2077:Truman assassination attempt
1455:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
1191:. 1979-09-24. Archived from
969:, the first or paternal
676:Truman assassination attempt
19:For the American boxer, see
7:
2222:American shooting survivors
2067:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1676:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
1183:"We Have Nothing to Repent"
867:
652:
299:San Juan Nationalist revolt
132:Assault with intent to kill
10:
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1445:Union Party of Puerto Rico
1324:and John Bainbridge, Jr.,
1053:1950 Assassination attempt
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18:
2217:American failed assassins
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2009:
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1771:María de Lourdes Santiago
1766:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
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1608:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
1515:
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1036:American Literary History
858:the independence movement
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1603:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1573:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1563:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
1015:"Rosa and Lydia Collazo"
952:
778:Presidential commutation
584:attempted to assassinate
114:Puerto Rican nationalism
2087:Cerro Maravilla murders
2032:Levantamiento de Ciales
1991:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
1911:Tomás López de Victoria
1896:Andres Figueroa Cordero
1886:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1706:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1568:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1558:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1553:Eugenio María de Hostos
1523:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1438:Political organizations
800:Governor of Puerto Rico
638:, the president of the
475:Andres Figueroa Cordero
470:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
437:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
392:Tomás López de Victoria
231:Part of a series on the
168:, 40 (as an accomplice)
1986:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
1881:Isabel Freire de Matos
1871:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1821:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1651:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1578:José Gualberto Padilla
1516:19th century activists
1496:Cadets of the Republic
1489:Militant organizations
1295:Voices of Independence
757:Estado Libre Associado
738:Private Leslie Coffelt
485:Isabel Freire de Matos
460:Margot Arce de Vázquez
432:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
372:Juan Antonio Corretjer
275:Cadets of the Republic
149:; further commuted to
101:Rosa Cortez de Collazo
73:Vega Baja, Puerto Rico
42:Rosa and Oscar Collazo
1946:Helen Rodríguez Trías
1926:Francisco Matos Paoli
1891:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1851:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1786:Carlos Alberto Torres
1686:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1642:20th and 21st century
1583:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1397:Indigenous resistance
942:List of Puerto Ricans
924:Modern history portal
803:Carlos Romero Barceló
792:Rafael Cancel Miranda
680:Further information:
520:Helen Rodríguez Trías
402:Francisco Matos Paoli
382:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
352:Rafael Cancel Miranda
21:Oscar Collazo (boxer)
16:Puerto Rican militant
2037:Río Piedras massacre
1741:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1721:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1656:Félix Benítez Rexach
1501:Boricua Popular Army
1340:Nelson Antonio Denis
611:Florida, Puerto Rico
535:Félix Benítez Rexach
454:Notable nationalists
265:Río Piedras massacre
55:Florida, Puerto Rico
2232:Puerto Rican rebels
2108:Grito de Lares flag
2001:Olga Viscal Garriga
1976:Clemente Soto Vélez
1966:Vidal Santiago Díaz
1876:José Ferrer Canales
1811:Pedro Albizu Campos
1761:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1746:Antonio S. Pedreira
1731:Luis Lloréns Torres
1726:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1598:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
1272:. February 23, 1994
1195:on October 16, 2007
1132:, pp. 552 and 556,
1076:"Collazo trial set"
772:Leavenworth, Kansas
647:Cornelius P. Rhoads
636:Pedro Albizu Campos
500:José Ferrer Canales
442:Olga Viscal Garriga
422:Clemente Soto Vélez
417:Vidal Santiago Díaz
332:Pedro Albizu Campos
326:Nationalist leaders
128:First degree murder
2027:Intentona de Yauco
1981:Griselio Torresola
1936:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1831:Casimiro Berenguer
1781:Alejandrina Torres
1736:Oscar López Rivera
1701:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1618:Fernando Fernandez
1613:Manuel Zeno Gandía
1270:The New York Times
1098:, 23 February 1994
1058:2012-03-02 at the
932:Oscar López Rivera
882:Puerto Rico portal
833:were decorated by
745:self-determination
670:Griselio Torresola
427:Griselio Torresola
407:Ruth Mary Reynolds
342:Casimiro Berenguer
259:Events and revolts
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1941:Germán Rieckehoff
1856:José Coll y Cuchí
1803:Nationalist Party
1716:Leopoldo Figueroa
1666:Americo Boschetti
1254:978-0-253-34680-3
843:Chicago, Illinois
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357:José Coll y Cuchí
282:Ley de la Mordaza
239:Nationalist Party
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65:February 21, 1994
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525:Daniel Santos
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122:Conviction(s)
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30:Oscar Collazo
27:
22:
2128:
2050:
1951:Hiram Rosado
1921:René Marqués
1901:Irvin Flores
1866:Rosa Collazo
1860:
1801:Puerto Rican
1751:Pedro Pietri
1588:Manuel Rojas
1503:(Macheteros)
1409:Agüeybaná II
1325:
1315:
1312:Jonah Raskin
1306:
1300:
1274:. Retrieved
1269:
1260:
1237:
1233:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:the original
1208:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1186:
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1154:. Retrieved
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1035:
1017:, Peace Host
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967:Spanish name
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839:Fidel Castro
831:nationalists
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788:Irvin Flores
784:Jimmy Carter
781:
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644:
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608:
599:Jimmy Carter
596:
575:
574:
505:René Marqués
490:Hiram Rosado
480:Irvin Flores
367:Rosa Collazo
361:
281:
237:Puerto Rican
67:(1994-02-21)
2157:1994 deaths
2152:1914 births
1791:Iris Zavala
1776:Piri Thomas
1696:Juan Dalmau
1404:Agüeybaná I
825:Later years
734:White House
730:Blair House
659:Rosa Cortez
630:Puerto Rico
192:Location(s)
151:time served
2146:Categories
1224:2008-09-29
1199:2008-07-18
993:References
605:Background
134:(2 counts)
1681:Roy Brown
1644:activists
1276:August 4,
1126:Nohlen, D
862:Vega Baja
818:conspired
807:terrorism
280:Gag Law (
204:Target(s)
2130:Claridad
1156:5 August
1056:Archived
965:In this
868:See also
653:New York
90:Movement
2101:Symbols
2047:Gag Law
1429:Urayoán
1424:Jumacao
1414:Arasibo
1128:(2005)
976:Collazo
971:surname
845:, is a
721:YouTube
215:Injured
181:Country
162:Victims
157:Details
2010:Events
1419:Hayuya
1346:
1332:
1252:
1244:
1136:
1113:Truman
794:, and
625:Career
615:Jayuya
110:Motive
98:Spouse
2122:Media
982:López
953:Notes
847:mural
143:Death
1344:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1278:2022
1250:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1188:Time
1158:2017
1134:ISBN
835:Cuba
173:Date
62:Died
48:Born
973:is
770:at
719:on
590:in
2148::
1314:,
1268:.
1248:,
1185:.
1110:,
1094:,
1084:^
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2053:)
2049:(
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564:e
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284:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
