327:, pp. 202â207: "Since the turn of the 1980s, a growth of Neo-Paganism has been observed in the Middle Volga region, in North Ossetia-Alaniia, and in Abkhazia. Pagan traditions had never disappeared there completely and, in contrast to the Slavic and Baltic regions, there was no need to invent too much by reference to books, as almost all the resources were intact there. Thus, in these regions, interest in Paganism developed in two different environments: firstly, in the countryside with its unbroken continuity of traditional folk beliefs, and secondly, in the urbanized areas where local, highly secularized intellectuals began to construct a new synthetic religion in order to overcome a crisis of identity. In the latter case, this was a manifestation of local ethnic nationalism resisting Russian Orthodoxy as a "religion of exploiters". Contemporary Neo-Paganism is constituted by two different branchesâone of a "bookish" approach which is artificially cultivated by urbanized intellectuals who have lost their links with folk tradition, and the other, more authentic, is of a rural movement based on a continuity rooted in the remote past. The first dominates among the Russians, Ukrainians, Belorussians, Lithuanians, Latvians, and Armenians and can be defined as an "invention of tradition", after Eric Hobsbawm (1983). A more complex pattern can be observed among the ethnic groups of the Middle Volga River region as well as among the Ossetians and Abkhazians, where both tendencies are interacting with one another."
20:
142:" for the Ossetians date back to the early twentieth century, and it was with the Soviet atheist anti-religious "furious fight against Ossetian Paganism" in the 1950s that the idea appealed once again to Ossetian intellectuals. According to him it was Soviet anti-religious activism that drove ancient local practices from the sphere of "ethnic tradition" into the sphere of "religion" in the minds of the Ossetian people.
165:. During the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ossetian nationalism became a political force in South Ossetia galvanized by Russian support for separatist movements in ex-Soviet republics, including Georgia. In the late 1980s, the Ossetian nationalist organization, Adamon Nikhas (Voice of the People) was established. In September 1990,
126:, in the Ossetian case certain traditions had survived with unbroken continuity and were revived in rural areas. This contrasts, and interacts, with an urban and more intellectual movement which elaborated a systematic revived religion associated with ethnic nationalism and with the opposition to both
110:
in the 1980s triggered projects of identity-building among many of its constituent nations. In
Ossetia, as in other nations, this involved the recovery of an "authentic national religion" harking back to pre-Christian times. The revival of Ossetian folk religion as an organised religious movement was
227:
Robert H. Hewsen, "Ossetians," in Modern
Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History, vol. 26 (Gulf Breeze, Fla.: Academic International Press, 1982), p. 136. 56. Yu. C. Gogluyti, Iuzhnaia Osetiia (Tskhinvali, 1993), esp. p.
95:, generally considered to be a founder of Ossetian literature. Khetagurov with his followers restandartized Ossetian script with a goal of uniting all groups speaking Ossetian language. Their national ideology was called
195:
Ossetian nationalists have the particularity of being strongly
Russophiles, partly because Russia, under the Tsarist, Soviet and then federal eras, has always defended the promotion of Ossetian identity. Thus during the
138:, professed by the neighbouring Turkic and Caucasian ethnic groups and by a small minority of Ossetians. According to the scholar Sergey Shtyrkov, intellectual projects for the elaboration of an "
1716:
188:. The victory of Russian and Ossetian forces also led to mass expulsions of ethnic Georgians living in South Ossetia-Alania. In total, at least 20,000
184:
against the
Georgian government as the conflict took on high intensity. After the war, the independence of South Ossetia-Alania was recognized by the
364:
457:
1129:
115:(ĂŃĂŠĐł ĐĐžĐœ, "True Faith") in the 1980s by a group of nationalist intellectuals who in the early 1990s constituted the sacerdotal
1962:
1932:
1034:
349:
330:
388:
145:
Ossetian nationalism played a significant role in 1980s and 1990s, powered by ethnic conflicts for lands and resources with
1957:
1882:
674:
638:
2123:
1659:
170:
450:
166:
2208:
2063:
1312:
1119:
1912:
1867:
1124:
945:
363:
Marietta König. Institut fĂŒr
Friedensforschung und Sicherheitspolitik (IFSH) an der UniversitÀt Hamburg (ed.).
414:
2313:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
2002:
1997:
1927:
1887:
1872:
1654:
1609:
1229:
877:
2168:
2113:
2083:
1992:
1967:
1952:
1877:
1857:
955:
867:
643:
1987:
371:
2348:
2343:
1624:
847:
797:
443:
201:
1982:
1862:
893:
1156:
852:
239:
1942:
1664:
2259:
1917:
1721:
633:
131:
1701:
1173:
1077:
988:
903:
782:
127:
100:
2279:
1234:
91:
The
Ossetian national ideology is rooted in the works of 19th century Ossetian scholar and poet
1649:
1539:
1317:
1281:
1163:
1008:
857:
264:
389:"August 28, 2008 Article: Georgia warns of ethnic cleansing in South Ossetia. AP via highbeam"
1972:
1937:
1922:
1801:
1629:
1619:
1584:
1579:
1564:
1544:
1508:
1291:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1136:
915:
872:
842:
820:
767:
690:
601:
2178:
1977:
1826:
1786:
1761:
1604:
1574:
1559:
1549:
1518:
1513:
1503:
1477:
1438:
1209:
1204:
1183:
1146:
1114:
1082:
1072:
1051:
978:
862:
777:
737:
564:
511:
181:
8:
2228:
2108:
1902:
1841:
1806:
1711:
1614:
1569:
1534:
1498:
1493:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1402:
1348:
1296:
1286:
1219:
1188:
1141:
1046:
962:
935:
898:
825:
792:
772:
742:
628:
528:
197:
150:
123:
2314:
2264:
2017:
1897:
1771:
1746:
1554:
1472:
1443:
1392:
1382:
1327:
1322:
1256:
1246:
1224:
1178:
1056:
1024:
940:
925:
920:
787:
695:
653:
559:
549:
544:
523:
506:
466:
306:
240:"The Politics of a Name: Between Consolidation and Separation in the Northern Caucasus"
185:
177:
33:
1907:
2289:
2274:
2068:
1756:
1448:
1397:
1353:
1214:
1151:
983:
950:
755:
747:
648:
585:
310:
286:
162:
41:
287:"Scythian Neo-Paganism in the Caucasus: The Ossetian Uatsdin as a 'Nature Religion'"
2338:
2203:
2012:
1892:
1407:
1387:
1003:
998:
930:
910:
804:
732:
700:
580:
496:
298:
92:
45:
2183:
2153:
1678:
1087:
993:
830:
392:
139:
61:
23:
2233:
2138:
2118:
1686:
835:
73:
2332:
1781:
1776:
1731:
1726:
1706:
1029:
705:
282:
158:
146:
76:
by the 8th century B.C.E. Others claim that
Ossetians are descended from the
57:
2310:
2198:
2048:
1811:
1796:
1766:
1736:
1696:
107:
2269:
2238:
2218:
2098:
2053:
2007:
1836:
1821:
1816:
1751:
1691:
1168:
1041:
154:
302:
19:
2284:
2128:
2058:
554:
516:
77:
99:
and they argued for distinctiveness of
Ossetian people and considered
2188:
2173:
2163:
2158:
2103:
2088:
1377:
501:
435:
189:
81:
69:
37:
2148:
2073:
1947:
1831:
65:
2213:
2223:
2193:
2143:
2133:
2038:
1791:
1741:
760:
669:
2093:
2078:
2043:
2033:
2243:
135:
85:
318:
337:
80:, who arrived to the region five centuries later. Various
169:
declared the independence from
Georgia, which led to the
415:"South Ossetian troops fighting for Russia in Ukraine"
291:
Journal for the Study of
Religion, Nature, and Culture
134:
Orthodox Christianity, perceived as foreign, and to
211:, a set of cultural and social norms of Ossetians.
207:Ossetian nationalism also involves appreciation of
2330:
200:, South Ossetian nationalists took part in the
451:
329:sfn error: no target: CITEREFShnirelman2002 (
60:traces the Ossetiansâ ancestry to the first
348:sfn error: no target: CITEREFShtyrkov2011 (
192:are forcibly displaced from South Ossetia.
2309:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
1953:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
458:
444:
362:
324:
237:
88:as the ancestors of the modern Ossetians.
231:
180:, Ossetian nationalists were assisted by
343:
265:"South Ossetians Vladikavkaz Connection"
18:
2331:
1913:Galician independence movement (Spain)
465:
365:"The Georgian-South Ossetian Conflict"
1963:Patani United Liberation Organisation
1933:Inner Mongolian independence movement
439:
281:
1958:National Liberation Front of Corsica
1883:East Turkestan independence movement
161:, a territory historically part of
111:initially accorded the formal name
13:
14:
2360:
173:, won by Ossetian nationalists.
167:South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
2064:Basque Country (greater region)
1923:Guangdong Independence Movement
1868:Assyrian independence movement
407:
381:
356:
275:
257:
221:
149:in North Ossetia's borderland
106:The incipient collapse of the
1:
2003:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
1998:Tibetan independence movement
1928:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
1888:Faroese independence movement
1873:Catalan independence movement
214:
103:to be its important feature.
2084:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
1993:Taiwan independence movement
1968:Ryukyu independence movement
1878:Champa independence movement
1858:Alsace independence movement
7:
1948:Mapuche separatist movement
238:Shnirelman, Victor (2006).
202:Russian invasion of Ukraine
16:Ethnic nationalist ideology
10:
2365:
1983:Silesian Autonomy Movement
1863:Assam separatist movements
1018:Northern & Middle Asia
51:
2300:
2252:
2026:
1988:Székely autonomy movement
1850:
1677:
1642:
1597:
1527:
1486:
1468:
1461:
1416:
1373:
1366:
1341:
1305:
1277:
1270:
1197:
1107:
1100:
1065:
1017:
971:
886:
813:
725:
718:
683:
662:
621:
614:
594:
573:
537:
489:
482:
473:
1918:Greenlandic independence
171:First South Ossetian War
101:Orthodox Christian faith
40:national identity, the
1943:MÄori protest movement
26:
24:Ossetian national flag
1973:Scottish independence
1938:Kashubian Association
1660:Indigenous Australian
247:Acta Slavica Iaponica
72:, who arrived to the
22:
2179:Marathi Abhimaangeet
1978:Siberian regionalism
182:Russian Armed Forces
68:region, the ancient
30:Ossetian nationalism
2270:American Indigenous
1903:Free Papua Movement
1313:Balkar and Karachay
1108:Southeastern Europe
639:Indigenous Canadian
346:, pp. 239â240.
303:10.1558/jsrnc.39114
271:. 27 December 2006.
198:Russo-Ukrainian War
151:Prigorodny District
119:("Great Council").
36:ideology promoting
2349:Culture of Ossetia
2344:Ethnic nationalism
2315:ethnic nationalism
2018:Welsh independence
1898:Free Aceh Movement
1130:in North Macedonia
972:South-eastern Asia
467:Ethnic nationalism
395:on 26 October 2012
186:Russian Federation
178:Russo-Georgian War
58:national mythology
34:ethnic nationalist
27:
2326:
2325:
2069:Catalan Countries
1673:
1672:
1638:
1637:
1593:
1592:
1457:
1456:
1362:
1361:
1096:
1095:
714:
713:
610:
609:
377:on 15 March 2014.
124:Victor Shnirelman
42:Ossetian language
2356:
2319:
2204:Republika Srpska
2013:Walloon Movement
1893:Flemish Movement
1466:
1465:
1371:
1370:
1275:
1274:
1105:
1104:
723:
722:
619:
618:
487:
486:
480:
479:
460:
453:
446:
437:
436:
430:
429:
427:
426:
411:
405:
404:
402:
400:
391:. Archived from
385:
379:
378:
376:
370:. Archived from
369:
360:
354:
353:
341:
335:
334:
322:
316:
314:
279:
273:
272:
261:
255:
254:
244:
235:
229:
225:
93:Kosta Khetagurov
84:scholars regard
2364:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2304:
2296:
2248:
2184:Northern Epirus
2154:Ketuanan Melayu
2022:
1908:Future of Ă
land
1846:
1782:Native American
1679:Pan-nationalism
1669:
1634:
1598:Northern Europe
1589:
1523:
1482:
1462:Southern Europe
1453:
1412:
1358:
1337:
1301:
1266:
1193:
1092:
1061:
1013:
967:
882:
809:
710:
679:
658:
649:Native American
606:
595:Southern Africa
590:
569:
533:
475:
469:
464:
434:
433:
424:
422:
413:
412:
408:
398:
396:
387:
386:
382:
374:
367:
361:
357:
347:
342:
338:
328:
325:Shnirelman 2002
323:
319:
280:
276:
263:
262:
258:
242:
236:
232:
226:
222:
217:
140:ethnic religion
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:Karakalpakstan
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:East Turkestan
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1417:United Kingdom
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1367:Western Europe
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1306:North Caucasus
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1271:Eastern Europe
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1198:Central Europe
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1179:Romani (Gypsy)
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1111:
1109:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1066:South Caucasus
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1035:South Mongolia
1027:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
959:
958:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
907:
906:
896:
890:
888:
884:
883:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
839:
838:
828:
823:
817:
815:
811:
810:
808:
807:
802:
801:
800:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
764:
763:
758:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
727:
720:
716:
715:
712:
711:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
687:
685:
681:
680:
678:
677:
672:
666:
664:
660:
659:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
625:
623:
616:
612:
611:
608:
607:
605:
604:
598:
596:
592:
591:
589:
588:
583:
577:
575:
571:
570:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
539:
535:
534:
532:
531:
526:
521:
520:
519:
509:
504:
499:
493:
491:
484:
477:
471:
470:
463:
462:
455:
448:
440:
432:
431:
406:
380:
355:
336:
317:
297:(3): 314â332.
283:Foltz, Richard
274:
256:
230:
219:
218:
216:
213:
74:North Caucasus
62:Iranian people
53:
50:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2361:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:ethnic groups
2308:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Local (China)
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Herzeg-Bosnia
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
957:
954:
953:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
905:
904:in Bangladesh
902:
901:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
889:
887:Southern Asia
885:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
837:
834:
833:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
816:
812:
806:
803:
799:
796:
795:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
724:
721:
717:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
686:
684:South America
682:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
665:
661:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
624:
622:North America
620:
617:
613:
603:
600:
599:
597:
593:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
576:
572:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
540:
536:
530:
527:
525:
522:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
492:
488:
485:
481:
478:
472:
468:
461:
456:
454:
449:
447:
442:
441:
438:
420:
416:
410:
394:
390:
384:
373:
366:
359:
351:
345:
344:Shtyrkov 2011
340:
332:
326:
321:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
278:
270:
266:
260:
252:
248:
241:
234:
224:
220:
212:
210:
205:
203:
199:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:South Ossetia
156:
152:
148:
147:Ingush people
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:According to
120:
118:
114:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:to reach the
63:
59:
49:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
25:
21:
2306:
2305:
2234:Székely Land
2199:Pashtunistan
2049:Balawaristan
1822:South Slavic
1812:Scandinavian
1342:Volga Region
1332:
956:in Sri Lanka
814:Eastern Asia
675:Puerto Rican
490:North Africa
474:Nationalisms
423:. Retrieved
421:. 2022-04-29
418:
409:
399:20 September
397:. Retrieved
393:the original
383:
372:the original
358:
339:
320:
294:
290:
277:
268:
259:
250:
246:
233:
223:
208:
206:
194:
175:
144:
121:
116:
112:
108:Soviet Union
105:
96:
90:
55:
29:
28:
2239:Tamil Eelam
2219:Saraikistan
2099:Hatay State
2054:Balochistan
2008:Wallmapuwen
1702:Bangladeshi
1174:Montenegrin
1078:Azerbaijani
1042:Pan-Turkism
783:Palestinian
726:Middle East
634:Greenlandic
538:East Africa
176:During the
155:irredentism
117:Styr Nykhas
2333:Categories
2285:Indigenous
2229:Sindhudesh
2209:Santa Cruz
2129:Hutu Power
2059:Bangsamoro
1650:Australian
1625:Lithuanian
1540:Andalusian
1318:Circassian
1282:Belarusian
1230:in Austria
1164:Macedonian
1120:in Albania
1009:Vietnamese
843:Hongkonger
836:chauvinist
517:Pharaonism
425:2023-09-20
419:Eurasianet
269:Eurasianet
215:References
153:, and for
78:Sarmatians
2189:Occitania
2174:Manchukuo
2164:Lezgistan
2159:Kurdistan
2104:Hazarajat
2089:Circassia
1851:Movements
1802:Pakistani
1777:Mongolian
1717:Congolese
1630:Norwegian
1620:Icelandic
1585:Valencian
1580:Navarrese
1565:Castilian
1545:Aragonese
1509:Sardinian
1292:Ukrainian
1262:Slovenian
1242:Hungarian
1157:in Cyprus
1137:Aromanian
1125:in Kosovo
1030:Mongolian
946:Sinhalese
916:Dravidian
873:Taiwanese
821:Cantonese
798:in Cyprus
768:Jordanian
691:Argentine
663:Caribbean
654:Québécois
602:Afrikaner
311:213692638
204:in 2022.
190:Georgians
113:ĂtsĂŠg Din
70:Scythians
56:Ossetian
2149:Katarism
2074:Chameria
2027:Projects
1832:Turanian
1827:Tunisian
1797:Oceanian
1787:Nigerian
1737:Hispanic
1732:Germanic
1722:European
1655:Hawaiian
1605:Estonian
1575:Galician
1560:Canarian
1550:Asturian
1519:Venetian
1514:Sicilian
1504:Padanian
1478:Corsican
1439:Scottish
1333:Ossetian
1252:Silesian
1235:Völkisch
1210:Bavarian
1205:Austrian
1184:Romanian
1169:Moldovan
1147:Croatian
1115:Albanian
1083:Georgian
1073:Armenian
1052:Siberian
979:Filipino
894:Assamese
863:Okinawan
848:Japanese
778:Lebanese
756:Diaspora
738:Assyrian
706:Peruvian
615:Americas
565:Tigrayan
512:Egyptian
285:(2019).
253:: 37â49.
132:Georgian
82:Ossetian
66:Caucasus
38:Ossetian
2339:Ossetia
2224:Silesia
2194:Ossetia
2169:Luhansk
2144:Karelia
2134:Ilirida
2114:Donetsk
2039:Assyria
1842:Ugandan
1807:Russian
1752:Iranian
1742:Iberian
1712:Chinese
1687:African
1643:Oceania
1615:Finnish
1610:Faroese
1570:Catalan
1535:Spanish
1499:Lombard
1494:Italian
1434:English
1429:Cornish
1424:British
1408:Walloon
1403:Occitan
1388:Flemish
1378:Arpitan
1349:Chuvash
1297:Yiddish
1287:Russian
1220:Frisian
1189:Serbian
1142:Bosniak
1047:Pashtun
963:Tripuri
936:Punjabi
899:Bengali
878:Tibetan
826:Chinese
793:Turkish
773:Kurdish
761:Zionism
752:Jewish
743:Iranian
701:Mapuche
696:Criollo
670:Haitian
629:Chicano
574:Nigeria
529:Sahrawi
163:Georgia
128:Russian
52:History
46:culture
2280:German
2265:Racial
2109:Danzig
2094:Crimea
2079:Champa
2044:Azawad
2034:Arakan
1837:Turkic
1817:Slavic
1792:Nordic
1772:Libyan
1762:Korean
1747:Indian
1727:Finnic
1707:Celtic
1555:Basque
1473:Basque
1444:Ulster
1393:French
1383:Breton
1328:Lezgin
1323:Ingush
1257:Slovak
1247:Polish
1225:German
1101:Europe
1057:Uyghur
1025:Baloch
941:Sindhi
926:Meitei
921:Hazara
868:Ryukyu
858:Manchu
853:Korean
788:Syrian
644:Lakota
560:Somali
550:Amhara
545:Acholi
524:Kabyle
507:Coptic
502:Berber
483:Africa
315:p. 325
309:
209:ĂŠghdĂŠu
2290:White
2275:Black
2253:Other
2244:Tibet
2214:SĂĄpmi
1767:Latin
1757:Iraqi
1697:Asian
1665:MÄori
1528:Spain
1487:Italy
1449:Welsh
1398:Irish
1354:Tatar
1215:Czech
1152:Greek
989:Malay
984:Khmer
951:Tamil
748:Iraqi
586:Ogoni
375:(PDF)
368:(PDF)
307:S2CID
243:(PDF)
136:Islam
86:Alans
2307:Note
1692:Arab
1004:Thai
999:Shan
931:Naga
911:Bodo
805:Zaza
733:Arab
719:Asia
581:Igbo
555:Hutu
497:Arab
401:2023
350:help
331:help
130:and
97:farn
44:and
1088:Laz
994:Mon
831:Han
299:doi
228:25.
157:in
32:is
2335::
476:in
417:.
305:.
295:13
293:.
289:.
267:.
251:23
249:.
245:.
48:.
2318:.
459:e
452:t
445:v
428:.
403:.
352:)
333:)
313:.
301::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
