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In some mammals these muscles can adjust the direction of the pinna. In humans these muscles possess very little action. The auricularis anterior draws the auricula forward and upward, the auricularis superior slightly raises it, and the auricularis posterior draws it backward. The superior auricular
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30- to 100-fold for frequencies around 3 kHz. This amplification makes humans most sensitive to frequencies in this range—and also explains why they are particularly prone to acoustical injury and hearing loss near this frequency. Most human speech sounds are also distributed in the bandwidth
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The intrinsic muscles contribute to the topography of the auricle, while also function as a sphincter of the external auditory meatus. It has been suggested that during prenatal development in the womb, these muscles exert forces on the cartilage which in turn affects the shaping of the ear.
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Strauss, Daniel J; Corona-Strauss, Farah I; Schroeer, Andreas; Flotho, Philipp; Hannemann, Ronny; Hackley, Steven A (2020-07-03). Groh, Jennifer M; Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara G; Verhulst, Sarah; Shera, Christopher; Corneil, Brian D (eds.).
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and as a weak brow lifter. The presence of auriculomotor activity in the posterior auricular muscle causes the muscle to contract and cause the pinna to be pulled backwards and flatten when exposed to sudden, surprising sounds.
168:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1308:, characterised by dysplasia of the auricle, atresia of the bony part of the auditory canal, hypoplasia of the auditory ossicles and tympanic cavity, and 'mixed' deafness (both
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Chon, Brian H.; Blandford, Alex D.; Hwang, Catherine J.; Petkovsek, Daniel; Zheng, Andrew; Zhao, Carrie; Cao, Jessica; Grissom, Nick; Perry, Julian D. (February 2021).
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Purves, Dale, George J. Augustine, David
Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White (2008). "Chapter 13".
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671:. This tube leads inward from the bottom of the auricula and conducts the vibrations to the tympanic cavity and amplifies frequencies in the range 3
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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1298:, a combination of developmental abnormalities affecting the ears, eyes, bones of the skull, and vertebrae, inherited in an
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
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Usually, malformations are treated with surgery, although artificial prostheses are also sometimes used.
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also on the cranial surface, consists of a few fibers extending from the upper and back part of the
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If malformations are accompanied by hearing loss amenable to correction, then the early use of
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The superior muscle is the largest of the three, followed by the posterior and the anterior.
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1556:"Vestigial auriculomotor activity indicates the direction of auditory attention in humans"
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1500:"Dimensions, Function and Applications of the Auricular Muscle in Facial Plastic Surgery"
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Cosmetic defects without functional impairment are generally repaired after ages 6–7.
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One consequence of the configuration of the outer ear is selectively to boost the
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Preauricular fistulas are generally not treated unless chronically inflamed.
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nyu.edu/classes/bello/FMT_files/2_hearing.pdf "Hearing" by Juan P Bello
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arises from the outer part of the antitragus, and is inserted into the
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is a narrow vertical band situated upon the anterior margin of the
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can move the pinna (with the auriculares muscles) in order to
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This article is one of a series documenting the anatomy of the
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fashion and may suffer from chronic infection in later life.
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External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.
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and conductive), inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFБогомильский,_Чистякова2002 (
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFБогомильский,_Чистякова2002 (
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFБогомильский,_Чистякова2002 (
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFБогомильский,_Чистякова2002 (
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFБогомильский,_Чистякова2002 (
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sfn error: no target: CITEREFБогомильский,_Чистякова2002 (
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Malformations of the external ear can be a consequence of
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Subtle auricle movements (forwards, backwards and upwards)
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Liugan, Mikee; Zhang, Ming; Cakmak, Yusuf Ozgur (2018).
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Cosmetic defects, such as very large ears, small ears.
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1813:sfn error: no target: CITEREFАсанов_и_др.2003 (
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1233:, or exposure to environmental factors such as
186:accompanying your translation by providing an
152:Click for important translation instructions.
139:expand this article with text translated from
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1637:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
954:Auricular muscles in context with the other
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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897:to the prominence corresponding with the
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
1420:"Why Can Some People Wiggle Their Ears?"
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1168:muscle also acts as a stabilizer of the
889:is placed on the cranial surface of the
641:. Most humans do not have this ability.
73:This article includes a list of general
667:) a simple tube running through to the
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1737:sfn error: no target: CITEREFСЭС1986 (
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1348:may prevent complete hearing loss.
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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1253:. This can be inherited as an
867:. Also known as the mini lobe.
296:The auricula. Lateral surface.
198:{{Translated|ru|Наружное ухо}}
196:You may also add the template
1:
2044:promontory of tympanic cavity
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1850:Богомильский, Чистякова 2002
1790:Богомильский, Чистякова 2002
1771:Богомильский, Чистякова 2002
1752:Богомильский, Чистякова 2002
1671:Богомильский, Чистякова 2002
1652:Богомильский, Чистякова 2002
837:. It arises below, from the
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578:is the external part of the
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1389:of the 20th edition of
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823:intrinsic auricular muscles
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2039:prominence of facial canal
1516:10.1007/s00266-020-02045-x
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1159:posterior auricular muscle
1114:Anatomical terms of muscle
1007:Posterior auricular artery
805:Anatomical terms of muscle
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1504:Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
1306:Treacher Collins syndrome
1154:superior auricular muscle
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2059:aditus to mastoid antrum
1458:10.3389/fneur.2017.00752
1241:. Such defects include:
1170:occipitofrontalis muscle
665:external acoustic meatus
629:by fibrous tissue. Many
582:, which consists of the
1286:conductive hearing loss
207:For more guidance, see
94:more precise citations.
1445:Frontiers in Neurology
386:Anatomical terminology
2050:Posterior structures
1880:at Wikimedia Commons
1225:Clinical significance
733:Undeveloped in humans
586:(also pinna) and the
209:Knowledge:Translation
180:copyright attribution
16:Outer part of the ear
2291:Cochlear duct /
2255:Perilymphatic space
2155:Auditory tube /
1695:Пальчун, Крюков 2001
1615:Neuroscience. 4th ed
1288:and inherited in an
1247:preauricular fistula
655:From the pinna, the
617:, also known as the
2473:Semicircular canals
2446:Vestibular aqueduct
1811:, pp. 198–199.
1573:10.7554/eLife.54536
1290:autosomal recessive
1282:Konigsmark syndrome
1255:autosomal recessive
1221:around 3 kHz.
1046:musculi auriculares
939:The muscles of the
702:The muscles of the
663:(also known as the
635:focus their hearing
525:Semicircular canals
2451:endolymphatic duct
2439:Otolithic membrane
2352:Tectorial membrane
2311:Reticular membrane
2116:posterior ligament
2064:pyramidal eminence
2020:Medial structures
1320:autosomal dominant
1300:autosomal dominant
1296:Goldenhar syndrome
1231:hereditary disease
1196:. You can help by
974:Galeal aponeurosis
188:interlanguage link
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1977:Auricular muscles
1960:intertragic notch
1876:Media related to
1828:Асанов и др. 2003
1809:Асанов и др. 2003
1792:, pp. 67–68.
1754:, pp. 66–67.
1673:, pp. 65–66.
1654:, pp. 68–69.
1624:978-0-87893-697-7
1352:Additional images
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921:Extrinsic muscles
895:eminentia conchae
887:transverse muscle
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684:Intrinsic muscles
679:Auricular muscles
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609:Auricle (anatomy)
592:tympanic membrane
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1144:or outer ear:
1134:are the three
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906:oblique muscle
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1992:pars flaccida
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1383:public domain
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1205:December 2013
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985:Front of the
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876:cauda helicis
873:
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862:
858:
855:
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847:
846:helicis minor
843:
840:
839:spina helicis
836:
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831:helicis major
828:
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581:
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576:auris externa
573:
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318:auris externa
316:
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269: Red is
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137:You can help
133:
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93:
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83:
82:
76:
71:
62:
61:
56:
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21:
20:
2356:
2029:round window
1926:
1870:
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1785:
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1728:
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1666:
1647:
1614:
1608:
1563:
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1507:
1503:
1493:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1425:Live Science
1423:
1414:
1403:
1394:
1380:
1374:
1346:hearing aids
1343:
1332:
1228:
1215:
1202:
1198:adding to it
1193:
1166:
1163:
1139:
1131:
1129:
1083:A15.3.01.001
1071:birnlex_1705
1045:
1019:Facial nerve
915:
872:antitragicus
854:crus helicis
822:
820:
774:A15.3.01.001
762:birnlex_1705
722:Facial nerve
664:
654:
612:
575:
572:external ear
571:
567:
564:
428:
355:A15.3.01.001
343:birnlex_1705
317:
260:
224:
184:edit summary
175:
146:
138:
106:
97:
78:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2340:stereocilia
2293:scala media
2234:Helicotrema
2024:oval window
1913:Anatomy of
1035:Identifiers
738:Identifiers
657:sound waves
307:Identifiers
92:introducing
2553:Categories
2491:Horizontal
2429:Kinocilium
2194:membranous
2187:Labyrinths
2004:Middle ear
1955:antitragus
1566:: e54536.
1371:References
850:fasciculus
669:middle ear
503:Vestibules
454:Middle ear
271:middle ear
148:(May 2012)
143:in Russian
75:references
39:improve it
2486:Posterior
2397:Vestibule
2345:tip links
2318:Endolymph
2279:Boettcher
2259:Perilymph
2179:Inner ear
2138:stapedius
1972:Ear canal
1945:antihelix
1927:Outer ear
1878:Outer ear
1633:cite book
1582:2050-084X
1540:227236615
1524:1432-5241
1467:1664-2295
1387:page 1033
1276:syndromes
1239:infection
1235:radiation
981:Insertion
880:antihelix
661:ear canal
651:Ear canal
645:Ear canal
627:ear canal
598:Structure
588:ear canal
568:outer ear
496:Inner ear
441:Ear canal
429:Outer ear
420:Human ear
281:inner ear
261:outer ear
243:Outer ear
202:talk page
45:talk page
2501:Ampullae
2481:Superior
2367:internus
2362:externus
2274:Claudius
2244:Modiolus
2134:Muscles
2076:Ossicles
1733:СЭС 1986
1714:СЭС 1986
1600:32618268
1532:33258010
1485:29387041
1274:Genetic
1177:Function
1141:auricula
1065:NeuroLex
861:tragicus
756:NeuroLex
704:auricula
466:Ossicles
337:NeuroLex
178:provide
100:May 2014
2574:Otology
2543:Anatomy
2434:Otolith
2417:Saccule
2405:Utricle
2224:Cochlea
2217:General
2084:Malleus
1982:Eardrum
1965:earlobe
1935:Auricle
1919:balance
1915:hearing
1591:7334025
1476:5775970
1451:: 752.
1329:Surgery
1322:manner.
1302:manner.
1292:manner.
1269:aplasia
1265:atresia
1136:muscles
1058:D004431
1026:Actions
991:cranial
963:Details
749:D004431
729:Actions
711:Details
631:mammals
615:auricle
603:Auricle
584:auricle
520:Cochlea
513:Saccule
508:Utricle
471:Malleus
436:Auricle
330:D004431
302:Details
200:to the
182:in the
145:.
88:improve
2529:Portal
2422:macula
2410:macula
2270:Cells
2123:Stapes
1950:tragus
1621:
1598:
1588:
1580:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1483:
1473:
1465:
1395:(1918)
1251:tragus
1002:Artery
969:Origin
910:concha
899:scapha
865:tragus
481:Stapes
277:
267:
257:
77:, but
2106:Incus
1940:helix
1560:eLife
1536:S2CID
1385:from
1118:[
1107:52781
1041:Latin
1014:Nerve
995:pinna
987:helix
941:pinna
891:pinna
835:helix
825:are:
809:[
798:52781
717:Nerve
619:pinna
574:, or
476:Incus
390:[
379:52781
313:Latin
162:DeepL
2199:bony
1987:umbo
1917:and
1856:help
1834:help
1815:help
1796:help
1777:help
1758:help
1739:help
1720:help
1701:help
1677:help
1658:help
1639:link
1619:ISBN
1596:PMID
1578:ISSN
1528:PMID
1520:ISSN
1481:PMID
1463:ISSN
1130:The
1095:6862
1078:TA98
1053:MeSH
904:The
885:The
878:and
870:The
859:The
844:The
829:The
821:The
786:6862
769:TA98
744:MeSH
639:eyes
566:The
367:6862
350:TA98
325:MeSH
176:must
174:You
2569:Ear
1586:PMC
1568:doi
1512:doi
1471:PMC
1453:doi
1200:.
1102:FMA
1090:TA2
793:FMA
781:TA2
673:kHz
594:).
580:ear
374:FMA
362:TA2
164:or
2555::
1842:^
1685:^
1635:}}
1631:{{
1594:.
1584:.
1576:.
1562:.
1558:.
1534:.
1526:.
1518:.
1508:45
1506:.
1502:.
1479:.
1469:.
1461:.
1447:.
1443:.
1422:.
1245:A
1237:,
1067:ID
989:,
758:ID
570:,
339:ID
48:.
2531::
1906:e
1899:t
1892:v
1858:)
1836:)
1817:)
1798:)
1779:)
1760:)
1741:)
1722:)
1703:)
1679:)
1660:)
1641:)
1627:.
1602:.
1570::
1564:9
1542:.
1514::
1487:.
1455::
1449:8
1207:)
1203:(
1122:]
901:.
882:.
856:.
813:]
554:e
547:t
540:v
394:]
283:.
273:.
263:.
231:)
225:(
211:.
204:.
113:)
107:(
102:)
98:(
84:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
