42:
4188:
231:
4200:
4014:
3060:
244:
4038:
4212:
4050:
3072:
4026:
1243:– history of the coupling of the mechanical and the chemical phenomena on a molecular scale and includes mechanical breakage, chemical behaviour of mechanically stressed solids (e.g., stress-corrosion cracking), tribology, polymer degradation under shear, cavitation-related phenomena (e.g., sonochemistry and sonoluminescence), shock wave chemistry and physics, and even the burgeoning field of
649:– preparation, characterization, and understanding of substances with a useful function. The field is a new breadth of study in graduate programs, and it integrates elements from all classical areas of chemistry with a focus on fundamental issues that are unique to materials. Primary systems of study include the chemistry of condensed phases (solids, liquids,
458:– branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (the electrode: a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution.
1173:– history of the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable).
1017:– history of the branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary field of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other disciplines
343:) – widely recognized category of specialized expertise within science, and typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. Such a field will usually be represented by one or more scientific journals, where peer-reviewed research is published. There are several chemistry-related scientific journals.
1225:– history of the branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution.
613:– is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkaline, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and tin.
1318:– history of the branch of engineering that deals with physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
806:– branch of engineering that applies the physical sciences (e.g., chemistry and physics) and/or life sciences (e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) together with mathematics and economics to processes that convert raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
1065:– history of the discipline at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents (drugs).
1312:– history of the scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology that involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems.
316:, but also including its properties, structure, composition, behavior, and changes as they relate to the chemical reactions. Chemistry is centrally concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of
1150:
812:– scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology and involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to analyze and manipulation of biological systems.
1360:– history of the Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces.
400:– study of the physical and fundamental basis of chemical systems and processes. In particular, the energetics and dynamics of such systems and processes are of interest to physical chemists. Important areas of study include
1598:
Heat – A form of energy associated with the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules and capable of being transmitted through solid and fluid media by conduction, through fluid media by convection, and through empty space by
1077:– history of the chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism – history of the found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity for use in pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug design.
643:– focuses crystalline materials most often existing on the 0-2 nanometer scale and characterizing their crystal structures and understanding their role in the nucleation and growth mechanisms of larger materials
580:– study of neurochemicals; including transmitters, peptides, proteins, lipids, sugars, and nucleic acids; their interactions, and the roles they play in forming, maintaining, and modifying the nervous system.
1558:– the study of the rates of chemical reactions and investigates how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism and
627:– study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. The distinction between organic and inorganic disciplines is not absolute and there is much overlap, most importantly in the sub-discipline of
1029:– history of the study of both chemistry and biochemistry which are important in agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and in environmental monitoring and remediation.
506:– study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid-gas interfaces.
1129:– history of the study of the role of various elements in watersheds, including copper, sulfur, mercury, and how elemental fluxes are exchanged through atmospheric-terrestrial-aquatic interactions
830:– involves the process of detecting antigens (e.g., proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.
718:– study of chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur diverse aspects of the environment such the air, soil, and water. It also studies the effects of human activity on the environment.
1250:
1074:
1181:– history of the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives.
452:– investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of physics that studies chemical processes.
1050:
1234:
687:. Analytical chemistry incorporates standardized experimental methods in chemistry. These methods may be used in all subdisciplines of chemistry, excluding purely theoretical chemistry.
1321:
1044:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1038:
1158:
1100:
1062:
730:– refers to the domain of chemistry beyond that of molecules and focuses on the chemical systems made up of a discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components.
1237:– history of the area of research engaged in novel applications of mathematics to chemistry; it concerns itself principally with the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena.
1023:– history of the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes.
1210:
1094:
1327:
1309:
1240:
1108:
1268:
1138:
1056:
1288:
1231:– history of the Femtochemistry is the science that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10 seconds (one femtosecond, hence the name).
1228:
1219:– history of the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics.
1184:
1170:
1114:
1000:
2041:
1277:– history of the area of chemistry beyond the molecules and focuses on the chemical systems made up of a discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components.
1262:
1026:
852:– is an interdisciplinary field investigating the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties.
724:
is a philosophy of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances.
858:– area of study engaged in novel applications of mathematics to chemistry. It concerns itself principally with the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena.
1577:– internal energy of a system plus the product of pressure and volume. Its change in a system is equal to the heat brought to the system at constant pressure.
1303:– history of the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non-molecular solids
1083:– history of the specific study of neurochemicals, which include neurotransmitters and other molecules such as neuro-active drugs that influence neuron function.
1568:
Endothermic –a process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings in the form of heat. They are denoted by positive heat flow.
1345:
2865:
2029:
1565:
Exothermic –a process or reaction in which the system release energy to its surroundings in the form of heat. They are denoted by negative heat flow.
790:– study and application of both chemistry and biochemistry for agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and
488:– study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non-molecular solids.
1348:– history of the science and study of all aspects of wine and winemaking except vine-growing and grape-harvesting, which is a subfield called viticulture.
2875:
1951:
1259:– history of the branch of chemistry whose primary focus is the application of quantum mechanics in physical models and experiments of chemical systems.
2925:
2035:
3022:
2900:
1993:
1187:– history of the branch of chemistry that studies the transformation of crude oil (petroleum) and natural gas into useful products or raw materials.
3109:
2905:
2880:
2326:
2017:
2011:
864:– coupling of mechanical and chemical phenomena on a molecular scale and can be seen as a coupling of chemistry and mechanical engineering.
1595:– an object used for calorimetry, or the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity.
1207:– history of the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts.
1003:– history of the study of the abundance and reactions of chemical elements and molecules in the universe, and their interaction with radiation.
2860:
2576:
2053:
482:– branch of chemistry whose primary focus is the application of quantum mechanics in physical models and experiments of chemical systems.
2989:
464:– area of physical chemistry that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10 seconds (one femtosecond).
997:– history of the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials.
3210:
2999:
2994:
882:– study and application of matter that is at an atomic and molecular scale. This broad field interacts with chemistry at such scales.
275:
4165:
3215:
2935:
2895:
2890:
2850:
2047:
2005:
1999:
1987:
1981:
1891:
1297:– history of the multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules.
4140:
2910:
2845:
2631:
1975:
1969:
784:– is a form of analytical chemistry that uses classical methods such as observation to analyze materials usually in liquid phase.
698:– study of the abundance and reactions of chemical elements and molecules in the universe, and their interaction with radiation.
4160:
4155:
3004:
2984:
2771:
2128:
4088:
2840:
2804:
2086:
2071:
2023:
1896:
4150:
3193:
1135:– history of the study of the relative and absolute concentrations of the elements and their isotopes using chemistry and geology
4135:
3237:
2885:
2835:
2133:
2091:
2065:
2059:
1458:
778:– multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules.
512:–The branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed or generated.
214:
4120:
4115:
824:– study of chemical reactions in continuous flow, not as stationary batches, in industry and macro processing equipment.
2930:
2855:
2766:
1957:
1009:– history of the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions
336:– one with academic departments, curricula and degrees; national and international societies; and specialized journals.
4130:
4125:
601:– is a physical science that uses the concepts of physics and physical chemistry for the study of biological systems.
4108:
3249:
3188:
1047:– history of the new branch of chemistry that covers a broad spectrum of research activities involving biological systems.
4145:
3102:
2364:
2319:
2170:
1274:
1192:
1097:– history of the use of computer and informational techniques, applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry.
2799:
2756:
2299:
1336:– history of the interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering.
1216:
1088:
1091:– history of the branch of chemistry that uses principles of computer science to assist in solving chemical problems.
800:– branch of atmospheric science which studies the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets.
2972:
1932:
1453:
1385:
1032:
704:– study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions.
1153:– history of the study of the spatial variation in the chemical composition of materials at the surface of the Earth
4242:
1922:
1448:
1300:
1014:
268:
2279:
1816:
1562:, as well as the construction of mathematical models that can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction.
1059:– history of the branch of chemistry that involves the study of the reactions and components on the immune system.
4054:
2920:
2794:
1477:
1417:
1315:
1283:– history of the study of the energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations.
994:
587:–an area of biochemistry and molecular biology that studies the genes, their heritage and their expression.
3933:
3095:
3075:
2957:
2312:
2123:
894:– branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action along with the chemical effects.
2531:
1201:– history of the study of chemical reactions that proceed with the absorption of light by atoms or molecules..
1141:– history of the studies the chemistry of marine environments including the influences of different variables.
836:– is a branch of chemistry that involves the study of the reactions and components on the immune system.
818:– use of computer and informational techniques applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry.
4232:
3376:
3130:
2949:
2870:
2760:
1963:
1465:
1204:
1167:– history of the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties.
4081:
1439:
1370:
1333:
1294:
1256:
1178:
1164:
1117:– history of the chemical reaction is run in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production.
764:
for solving chemical problems. Theoretical chemistry has large overlap with (theoretical and experimental)
529:
4097:
3653:
3140:
2979:
2096:
1926:
1487:
1434:
1222:
1053:– history of the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
261:
67:
57:
20:
2541:
2536:
1041:– history of the rapidly growing scientific discipline that combines organic chemistry and biochemistry.
4178:
4030:
3579:
3550:
3530:
3483:
2814:
1357:
1280:
1253:– history of the study of the interrelationships between structure and reactivity in organic molecules.
1161:– history of the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds.
888:– study of the transformation of petroleum and natural gas into useful products or raw materials.
616:
209:
2294:
3168:
2747:
2101:
1939:
1903:
1339:
1330:– history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics.
1198:
1080:
1006:
2026:— atomic radius (empirical), atomic radius (calculated), van der Waals radius, covalent radius
476:– study of chemical reactions that proceed with the absorption of light by atoms or molecules.
3923:
3839:
3478:
2349:
1764:
870:– study of interactions between the various systems of a cell. It overlaps with biochemistry.
791:
765:
727:
628:
610:
204:
2967:
4074:
3861:
3772:
3735:
3619:
3545:
3366:
3349:
3292:
3063:
3032:
2526:
2483:
2354:
2145:
1351:
1120:
1068:
1020:
757:
715:
709:
401:
379:
3779:
3767:
3658:
3523:
3297:
3163:
2553:
2380:
1620:
855:
634:
500:– study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of molecules
123:
2786:
712:– is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulations for solving chemical problems.
619:– study of the interrelationships between structure and reactivity in organic molecules.
3928:
3825:
3810:
3740:
3663:
3495:
3445:
3354:
3279:
3178:
3027:
2608:
1873:
1851:
839:
797:
733:
666:
654:
598:
485:
413:
80:
1265:– history of the study of the effect of sonic waves and wave properties on chemical systems.
3918:
3873:
3648:
3468:
3398:
3155:
3135:
2709:
2393:
2216:
1638:
1580:
1482:
1412:
1407:
963:
827:
803:
680:
676:
592:
376:– one that studies the role of chemicals and chemical processes in living organisms.
156:
133:
76:
1324:– history of the study of the behavior of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans.
8:
3941:
3895:
3820:
3793:
3691:
3673:
3626:
3564:
3460:
3440:
3309:
3304:
3205:
2626:
1910:
1422:
1380:
1195:– history of the study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
1123:– history of the study of the mechanisms behind major geological systems using chemistry
915:
873:
624:
604:
584:
559:
333:
171:
2220:
1071:– history of the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action.
4018:
3984:
3846:
3815:
3696:
3638:
3336:
3319:
3314:
3269:
3232:
3222:
3183:
2714:
2674:
2150:
1879:
1821:
1518:
1402:
1111:– history of the someone who uses chemistry to engineer artificial and natural flavors.
982:
976:
929:
684:
397:
373:
248:
176:
4237:
4216:
4037:
3999:
3964:
3947:
3885:
3803:
3798:
3726:
3711:
3681:
3602:
3569:
3540:
3535:
3510:
3500:
3420:
3408:
3287:
3200:
2809:
2679:
2232:
2079:
1811:
1781:
1656:
1650:
1555:
1515:– Natural philosophy that theorizes that the world is composed of indivisible pieces.
1392:
1375:
1271:– history of the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules.
1244:
867:
849:
815:
775:
769:
749:
745:
670:
662:
646:
640:
567:
551:
547:
533:
525:
479:
443:
433:
425:
405:
359:
313:
166:
113:
1147:– history of the study of the impacts and processes that organisms have had on Earth
4192:
4042:
3959:
3614:
3473:
3450:
3403:
3344:
3044:
2962:
2738:
2603:
2561:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2224:
2194:
1945:
1885:
1846:
1768:
1644:
1559:
1523:
861:
809:
761:
537:
455:
449:
437:
409:
366:
355:
309:
235:
198:
2291:, see especially the "Gold Book" containing definitions of standard chemical terms
3900:
3856:
3851:
3745:
3721:
3555:
3518:
3371:
3361:
3244:
2915:
2776:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2283:
2106:
1831:
1806:
1776:
1574:
1541:
843:
833:
736:– study of chemistry via fundamental theoretical reasoning (usually within
721:
509:
503:
497:
470:– chemical study of the mechanisms behind major systems studied in geology.
347:
607:– discipline which applies chemistry for medical or drug related purposes.
4204:
3784:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3707:
3703:
3686:
3643:
3574:
3435:
3430:
3415:
3227:
3145:
2724:
2719:
2689:
2684:
2669:
2335:
2111:
1801:
1632:
1492:
925:
912:– study of effect of sonic waves and wave properties on chemical systems.
903:
897:
885:
879:
821:
701:
695:
665:– study of how subatomic particles come together and make nuclei. Modern
577:
563:
473:
461:
421:
289:
103:
2174:
1342:– history of the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale
4226:
3989:
3878:
3834:
3559:
3393:
3388:
3381:
3259:
2020:— ionization energies (in eV) and molar ionization energies (in kJ/mol)
1841:
1836:
1662:
1614:
1503:
909:
787:
781:
540:. An organic compound is defined as any compound based on a carbon skeleton.
317:
108:
41:
1354:– history of the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy
436:
and theoretical chemistry. Physical chemistry is a distinct discipline from
3866:
3716:
3631:
3607:
3597:
3589:
3490:
3425:
3324:
3173:
3039:
2704:
2699:
2453:
2388:
2236:
1861:
1856:
1826:
1796:
891:
753:
543:
532:) – study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and
491:
467:
417:
161:
138:
2197:. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
3264:
2819:
2694:
2448:
2250:
1791:
1786:
1626:
1592:
1586:
737:
515:
3087:
1685:
involved in a reaction, either on the reactant side or the product side.
3890:
2593:
2276:
1528:
921:
756:, the development of computers has allowed a systematic development of
679:– analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their
4199:
2228:
1291:– history of the strict sense of the word the study of phytochemicals.
4066:
3952:
3254:
3119:
2649:
2618:
2473:
2463:
2458:
1103:– history of the uses Newtonian mechanics to model molecular systems.
937:
518:– The study of heat changes in physical and chemical processes.
296:
33:
494:– study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy.
3974:
2641:
2598:
2288:
2056:— Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus
1668:
949:
933:
650:
595:– combines organic chemistry and biochemistry toward biology.
571:
555:
429:
4211:
2207:
Herbst, Eric (May 12, 2005). "Chemistry of Star-Forming
Regions".
3994:
2468:
2304:
1608:
1512:
972:
941:
846:: the behavior of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans
741:
340:
301:
194:
558:. Biochemistry and organic chemistry are closely related, as in
1151:
History of regional, environmental and exploration geochemistry
876:– applies classical mechanics to model molecular systems.
637:– is a field that examines the role of metals in biology.
351:
305:
98:
350:– one that seeks to elucidate the rules that govern the
292:
is provided as an overview of and topical guide to chemistry:
2585:
1719:
1602:
945:
128:
3969:
2042:
Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page)
3979:
2062:— Mohs hardness, Vickers hardness, Brinell hardness
1306:
History of multidisciplinary fields involving chemistry:
118:
1731:
1035:– history of the examines the role of metals in biology.
900:– study of phytochemicals which come from plants.
2068:— Earth's crust, sea water, Sun and solar system
1213:– history of the study of rates of chemical processes.
4176:
432:
in deriving equations. It is usually associated with
2030:
Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)
554:
and chemical interactions that take place in living
328:
Chemistry can be described as all of the following:
1954:— electron configuration, electrons per shell
1952:
Electron configurations of the elements (data page)
669:is a large component of nuclear chemistry, and the
2036:Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)
2277:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
1994:Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)
1589:– an objective comparative measure of heat.
4224:
1942:— atomic mass, atomic number, symbol, name
1751:
2018:Ionization energies of the elements (data page)
2012:Electronegativities of the elements (data page)
673:is an important result and tool for this field.
2054:Elastic properties of the elements (data page)
760:, which is the art of developing and applying
4082:
3103:
2320:
446:– study of rates of chemical processes.
269:
2206:
1746:
424:. Physical chemistry has large overlap with
369:– one that studies non-living systems.
2048:Speeds of sound of the elements (data page)
2006:Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)
2000:Heat capacities of the elements (data page)
1988:Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)
1982:Critical points of the elements (data page)
1892:List of important publications in chemistry
1675:
906:– chemistry of radioactive materials.
440:, but again, there is very strong overlap.
4089:
4075:
3110:
3096:
2327:
2313:
1976:Boiling points of the elements (data page)
1970:Melting points of the elements (data page)
276:
262:
16:Overview of and topical guide to chemistry
3117:
2163:
2129:List of purification methods in chemistry
2014:— electronegativity (Pauling scale)
428:. Physical chemistry involves the use of
2087:List of CAS numbers by chemical compound
2072:List of oxidation states of the elements
2024:Atomic radii of the elements (data page)
1897:List of scientific journals in chemistry
1736:
1867:
1741:
566:. Biochemistry is also associated with
4225:
4096:
2134:List of unsolved problems in chemistry
2092:List of Extremely Hazardous Substances
2066:Abundances of the elements (data page)
2060:Hardnesses of the elements (data page)
1459:History of the pharmaceutical industry
4070:
3091:
2308:
1958:Densities of the elements (data page)
1732:Enthalpy and Thermochemical Equations
1251:History of physical organic chemistry
991:History of the branches of chemistry
4025:
1960:— density (solid, liquid, gas)
1681:Chemical equations that include the
1075:History of natural product chemistry
918:– study of chemical synthesis.
744:). In particular the application of
4049:
3071:
1275:History of supramolecular chemistry
1193:History of organometallic chemistry
13:
2334:
1536:
1217:History of chemical thermodynamics
1089:History of computational chemistry
1051:History of environmental chemistry
14:
4254:
2295:Interactive Mind Map of Chemistry
2270:
1933:Chemical elements data references
1454:History of the petroleum industry
1386:Timeline of hydrogen technologies
1235:History of mathematical chemistry
1033:History of bioinorganic chemistry
4210:
4198:
4186:
4048:
4036:
4024:
4013:
4012:
3070:
3059:
3058:
2173:. Chemweb.ucc.ie. Archived from
1923:Category:Chemistry-related lists
1498:
1449:History of the chemical industry
1322:History of chemical oceanography
1301:History of solid-state chemistry
1045:History of biophysical chemistry
1015:History of atmospheric chemistry
339:A scientific field (a branch of
243:
242:
229:
40:
4166:Technology and applied sciences
2209:Journal of Physical Chemistry A
1571:Thermochemical equation –
1478:Dictionary of chemical formulas
1418:History of pharmaceutical drugs
1316:History of chemical engineering
1145:History of organic geochemistry
1133:History of isotope geochemistry
1127:History of aqueous geochemistry
1039:History of bioorganic chemistry
995:History of analytical chemistry
2389:1 (Hydrogen and alkali metals)
2243:
2200:
2188:
2124:List of thermal conductivities
2032:— electrical resistivity
1546:
1431:History of chemical processes
1159:History of inorganic chemistry
1101:History of molecular mechanics
1063:History of medicinal chemistry
1:
4141:Natural and physical sciences
3377:Interface and colloid science
3131:Glossary of chemical formulae
2931:Thermal expansion coefficient
2627:Lists of metalloids by source
2156:
1964:Electron affinity (data page)
1752:Thermochemistry Stoichiometry
1466:History of the periodic table
1399:History of chemical products
1205:History of physical chemistry
2289:IUPAC Nomenclature Home Page
2038:— thermal conductivity
1996:— heat of vaporization
1471:
1440:History of the Haber process
1371:History of chemical elements
1334:History of materials science
1295:History of polymer chemistry
1257:History of quantum chemistry
1211:History of chemical kinetics
1179:History of organic chemistry
1165:History of nuclear chemistry
1095:History of chemo-informatics
308:(matter that is composed of
7:
4161:Society and social sciences
4156:Religion and belief systems
3654:Bioorganometallic chemistry
3141:List of inorganic compounds
2670:Platinum-group metals (PGM)
2373:By periodic table structure
2139:
2097:List of inorganic compounds
1927:Index of chemistry articles
1756:
1726:
1488:List of inorganic compounds
1435:History of manufactured gas
1328:History of chemical physics
1310:History of chemical biology
1241:History of mechanochemistry
1223:History of electrochemistry
1109:History of Flavor chemistry
583:Molecular biochemistry and
391:
21:Index of chemistry articles
10:
4259:
3580:Dynamic covalent chemistry
3551:Enantioselective synthesis
3531:Physical organic chemistry
3484:Organolanthanide chemistry
2815:Goldschmidt classification
1920:
1358:History of surface science
1281:History of thermochemistry
1269:History of stereochemistry
1139:History of ocean chemistry
1057:History of immunochemistry
958:
617:Physical organic chemistry
323:
18:
4104:
4008:
3911:
3672:
3588:
3509:
3459:
3335:
3278:
3169:Electroanalytical methods
3154:
3126:
3053:
3015:
2948:
2828:
2785:
2746:
2737:
2662:
2640:
2617:
2584:
2574:
2552:
2482:
2394:2 (Alkaline earth metals)
2379:
2372:
2363:
2342:
2102:List of organic compounds
2044:— thermal expansion
1966:— electron affinity
1940:List of chemical elements
1904:List of science magazines
1747:Potential Energy Diagrams
1605:– a unit of energy.
1340:History of nanotechnology
1289:History of phytochemistry
1229:History of Femtochemistry
1199:History of photochemistry
1185:History of petrochemistry
1171:History of radiochemistry
1115:History of Flow chemistry
1081:History of neurochemistry
1007:History of cosmochemistry
1001:History of astrochemistry
657:between different phases.
215:List of unsolved problems
3924:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
3840:Supramolecular chemistry
3479:Organometallic chemistry
2074:— oxidation states
1916:
1817:Eleuthère Irénée du Pont
1765:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1763:For more chemists, see:
1676:Thermochemical Equations
1263:History of sonochemistry
1027:History of agrochemistry
969:Precursors to chemistry
792:environmental monitoring
766:condensed matter physics
728:Supramolecular chemistry
629:organometallic chemistry
611:Organometallic chemistry
205:List of chemistry awards
4243:Chemistry-related lists
4151:Philosophy and thinking
3862:Combinatorial chemistry
3773:Food physical chemistry
3736:Environmental chemistry
3620:Bioorthogonal chemistry
3546:Retrosynthetic analysis
3367:Chemical thermodynamics
3350:Spectroelectrochemistry
3293:Computational chemistry
3033:systematic element name
3005:in East Asian languages
2355:Extended periodic table
2146:Outline of biochemistry
1552:Thermochemistry –
1352:History of spectroscopy
1121:History of geochemistry
1069:History of pharmacology
1021:History of biochemistry
758:computational chemistry
752:. Since the end of the
748:to chemistry is called
716:Environmental chemistry
710:Computational chemistry
402:chemical thermodynamics
380:Outline of biochemistry
3934:of element discoveries
3780:Agricultural chemistry
3768:Carbohydrate chemistry
3659:Bioinorganic chemistry
3524:Alkane stereochemistry
3469:Coordination chemistry
3298:Mathematical chemistry
3164:Instrumental chemistry
2876:Electron configuration
2866:Electrical resistivity
2805:Electron configuration
2609:Post-transition metals
2050:— speed of sound
2008:— vapor pressure
1990:— heat of fusion
1984:— critical point
1621:Specific heat capacity
856:Mathematical chemistry
635:Bioinorganic chemistry
430:infinitesimal calculus
4136:Mathematics and logic
3929:Timeline of chemistry
3826:Post-mortem chemistry
3811:Clandestine chemistry
3741:Atmospheric chemistry
3664:Biophysical chemistry
3496:Solid-state chemistry
3446:Equilibrium chemistry
3355:Photoelectrochemistry
2710:Transuranium elements
2300:/ Chemical energetics
2002:— heat capacity
1978:— boiling point
1972:— melting point
1874:Scientific literature
1852:Robert Burns Woodward
1737:Endothermic Reactions
1367:History of chemicals
924:– study of the
840:Chemical oceanography
798:Atmospheric chemistry
734:Theoretical chemistry
599:Biophysical chemistry
546:– study of the
486:Solid-state chemistry
420:, and more recently,
414:statistical mechanics
4233:Outlines of sciences
4121:Geography and places
4116:Culture and the arts
3919:History of chemistry
3874:Chemical engineering
3649:Bioorganic chemistry
3399:Structural chemistry
3136:List of biomolecules
2926:Thermal conductivity
2901:Heat of vaporization
2343:Periodic table forms
2171:"What is Chemistry?"
1868:Chemistry literature
1742:Exothermic Reactions
1639:Heat of vaporization
1581:Enthalpy of reaction
1483:List of biomolecules
1413:History of gunpowder
1408:History of cosmetics
964:History of chemistry
936:and the practice of
828:Immunohistochemistry
804:Chemical engineering
681:chemical composition
677:Analytical chemistry
593:Bioorganic chemistry
236:Chemistry portal
157:Analytical chemistry
134:Chemical equilibrium
3942:The central science
3896:Ceramic engineering
3821:Forensic toxicology
3794:Chemistry education
3692:Radiation chemistry
3674:Interdisciplinarity
3627:Medicinal chemistry
3565:Fullerene chemistry
3441:Microwave chemistry
3310:Molecular mechanics
3305:Molecular modelling
2958:Element discoveries
2715:Superheavy elements
2675:Rare-earth elements
2255:The Free Dictionary
2221:2005JPCA..109.4017H
1911:Scientific American
1423:History of vitamins
1381:History of hydrogen
1346:History of oenology
930:chemical substances
916:Synthetic chemistry
874:Molecular mechanics
647:Materials chemistry
625:Inorganic chemistry
605:Medicinal chemistry
585:genetic engineering
560:medicinal chemistry
334:academic discipline
172:Inorganic chemistry
28:Part of a series on
4131:History and events
4126:Health and fitness
4098:Knowledge outlines
3985:Chemical substance
3847:Chemical synthesis
3816:Forensic chemistry
3697:Actinide chemistry
3639:Clinical chemistry
3320:Molecular geometry
3315:Molecular dynamics
3270:Elemental analysis
3223:Separation process
2282:2007-10-31 at the
2151:Outline of physics
1880:Scientific journal
1822:Dmitriy Mendeleyev
1519:Plum pudding model
1403:History of aspirin
1245:molecular machines
983:History of alchemy
552:chemical reactions
398:Physical chemistry
374:biological science
314:chemical reactions
312:), especially its
177:Physical chemistry
124:Acid–base reaction
4174:
4173:
4109:General reference
4064:
4063:
4000:Quantum mechanics
3965:Chemical compound
3948:Chemical reaction
3886:Materials science
3804:General chemistry
3799:Amateur chemistry
3727:Photogeochemistry
3712:Stellar chemistry
3682:Nuclear chemistry
3603:Molecular biology
3570:Polymer chemistry
3541:Organic synthesis
3536:Organic reactions
3501:Ceramic chemistry
3491:Cluster chemistry
3421:Chemical kinetics
3409:Molecular physics
3288:Quantum chemistry
3201:Mass spectrometry
3085:
3084:
2944:
2943:
2906:Ionization energy
2881:Electronegativity
2871:Electron affinity
2810:Electronegativity
2800:Crystal structure
2795:Aqueous chemistry
2772:Nuclear stability
2767:Atomic properties
2733:
2732:
2680:Refractory metals
2658:
2657:
2604:Transition metals
2570:
2569:
2229:10.1021/jp050461c
2215:(18): 4017–4029.
2080:List of compounds
1812:Rosalind Franklin
1782:Elias James Corey
1657:Activated complex
1651:Activation energy
1560:transition states
1556:Chemical kinetics
1393:History of oxygen
1376:History of carbon
868:Molecular biology
850:Materials science
842:– study of
816:Chemo-informatics
776:Polymer chemistry
770:molecular physics
762:computer programs
750:quantum chemistry
746:quantum mechanics
671:table of nuclides
663:Nuclear chemistry
641:Cluster chemistry
568:molecular biology
538:organic compounds
526:Organic chemistry
480:Quantum chemistry
444:Chemical kinetics
434:quantum chemistry
426:molecular physics
406:chemical kinetics
360:scientific method
310:chemical elements
286:
285:
167:Organic chemistry
114:Chemical reaction
47:Science of matter
4250:
4215:
4214:
4203:
4202:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4068:
4067:
4052:
4051:
4040:
4028:
4027:
4016:
4015:
3960:Chemical element
3615:Chemical biology
3474:Magnetochemistry
3451:Mechanochemistry
3404:Chemical physics
3345:Electrochemistry
3250:Characterization
3112:
3105:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3074:
3073:
3062:
3061:
3045:Dmitri Mendeleev
2973:1869 predictions
2963:Dmitri Mendeleev
2744:
2743:
2582:
2581:
2562:Aufbau principle
2474:18 (Noble gases)
2377:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2365:Sets of elements
2329:
2322:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2167:
1946:List of minerals
1886:Academic journal
1847:Joseph Priestley
1769:List of chemists
1695:O(l) + 240kJ → H
1645:Collision theory
1524:Rutherford model
862:Mechanochemistry
810:Chemical biology
794:and remediation.
754:Second World War
456:Electrochemistry
450:Chemical physics
438:chemical physics
410:electrochemistry
367:physical science
278:
271:
264:
251:
246:
245:
238:
234:
233:
232:
210:List of journals
44:
25:
24:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4209:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4177:
4175:
4170:
4146:People and self
4100:
4095:
4065:
4060:
4004:
3907:
3901:Polymer science
3857:Click chemistry
3852:Green chemistry
3746:Ocean chemistry
3722:Biogeochemistry
3668:
3584:
3556:Total synthesis
3519:Stereochemistry
3505:
3455:
3372:Surface science
3362:Thermochemistry
3331:
3274:
3245:Crystallography
3150:
3122:
3116:
3086:
3081:
3049:
3011:
2940:
2916:Oxidation state
2824:
2781:
2729:
2725:Minor actinides
2720:Major actinides
2685:Precious metals
2654:
2636:
2613:
2566:
2548:
2478:
2464:16 (Chalcogens)
2459:15 (Pnictogens)
2359:
2338:
2333:
2284:Wayback Machine
2273:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2142:
2107:List of alkanes
1929:
1919:
1870:
1832:Wilhelm Ostwald
1807:Michael Faraday
1777:Amedeo Avogadro
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1694:
1678:
1575:Enthalpy change
1549:
1542:Thermochemistry
1539:
1537:Thermochemistry
1501:
1474:
961:
926:adverse effects
844:ocean chemistry
834:Immunochemistry
722:Green chemistry
510:Thermochemistry
504:Surface science
498:Stereochemistry
394:
348:natural science
326:
282:
241:
230:
228:
227:
220:
219:
190:
182:
181:
152:
144:
143:
94:
86:
72:
49:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4256:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4220:
4219:
4207:
4195:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4071:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4046:
4034:
4022:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3945:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3785:Soil chemistry
3777:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3763:Food chemistry
3760:
3758:Carbochemistry
3755:
3753:Clay chemistry
3750:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3714:
3708:Astrochemistry
3704:Cosmochemistry
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3687:Radiochemistry
3678:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3644:Neurochemistry
3641:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3575:Petrochemistry
3572:
3567:
3562:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3436:Spin chemistry
3433:
3431:Photochemistry
3428:
3423:
3418:
3416:Femtochemistry
3413:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3228:Chromatography
3225:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3146:Periodic table
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3067:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2936:Vapor pressure
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Speed of sound
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Heat of fusion
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:Critical point
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:Coinage metals
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:Periodic table
2332:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2272:
2271:External links
2269:
2266:
2265:
2242:
2199:
2187:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:List of alloys
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:George Eastman
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1633:Heat of fusion
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1509:Atomic models
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1493:Periodic table
1490:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1010:
998:
989:
988:
987:
986:
985:
960:
957:
956:
955:
954:
953:
919:
913:
907:
904:Radiochemistry
901:
898:Phytochemistry
895:
889:
886:Petrochemistry
883:
880:Nanotechnology
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
837:
831:
825:
822:Flow chemistry
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
785:
779:
773:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
706:
705:
702:Cosmochemistry
696:Astrochemistry
688:
674:
660:
659:
658:
644:
638:
622:
621:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
589:
588:
581:
578:Neurochemistry
564:neurochemistry
523:
522:
521:
520:
519:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
474:Photochemistry
471:
465:
462:Femtochemistry
459:
453:
447:
422:astrochemistry
393:
390:
389:
388:
387:
386:
385:
384:
370:
337:
325:
322:
318:chemical bonds
288:The following
284:
283:
281:
280:
273:
266:
258:
255:
254:
253:
252:
239:
222:
221:
218:
217:
212:
207:
202:
191:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
95:
93:Key components
92:
91:
88:
87:
85:
84:
73:
71:
70:
65:
60:
54:
51:
50:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4255:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4194:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4087:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4057:
4056:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Chemical bond
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3879:Stoichiometry
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3835:Nanochemistry
3833:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3560:Semisynthesis
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Sonochemistry
3392:
3390:
3389:Cryochemistry
3387:
3383:
3382:Micromeritics
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Wet chemistry
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:controversies
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Melting point
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Heat capacity
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Boiling point
2844:
2842:
2841:Atomic radius
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:Native metals
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2632:Dividing line
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:17 (Halogens)
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2177:on 2018-10-03
2176:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Linus Pauling
1840:
1838:
1837:Louis Pasteur
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1721:
1718:
1701:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:Reaction rate
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:Specific heat
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:Atomic theory
1499:Atomic Theory
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
990:
984:
981:
980:
978:
974:
971:
970:
968:
967:
966:
965:
951:
947:
944:exposures to
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
910:Sonochemistry
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
789:
788:Agrochemistry
786:
783:
782:Wet chemistry
780:
777:
774:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
703:
700:
699:
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
686:
682:
678:
675:
672:
668:
667:Transmutation
664:
661:
656:
652:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
632:
630:
626:
623:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
586:
582:
579:
576:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
517:
514:
513:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
395:
383:
381:
375:
371:
368:
364:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:
342:
338:
335:
331:
330:
329:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
293:
291:
279:
274:
272:
267:
265:
260:
259:
257:
256:
250:
240:
237:
226:
225:
224:
223:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
200:
196:
193:
192:
186:
185:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
148:
147:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
96:
90:
89:
82:
78:
75:
74:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
53:
52:
48:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
26:
22:
4053:
4041:
4029:
4017:
3867:Biosynthesis
3717:Geochemistry
3632:Pharmacology
3608:Cell biology
3598:Biochemistry
3426:Spectroscopy
3325:VSEPR theory
3174:Spectroscopy
3118:Branches of
3069:
3057:
3040:Trivial name
3028:nomenclature
2700:Heavy metals
2695:Noble metals
2454:14 (Tetrels)
2350:Alternatives
2258:, retrieved
2254:
2245:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2190:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:the original
2165:
1921:Main pages:
1862:Ahmed Zewail
1857:Karl Ziegler
1827:Alfred Nobel
1797:Humphry Davy
1762:
1682:
1540:
1502:
962:
892:Pharmacology
690:
544:Biochemistry
492:Spectroscopy
468:Geochemistry
418:spectroscopy
377:
354:world using
327:
295:
294:
287:
162:Biochemistry
139:Chemical law
62:
46:
4055:WikiProject
3280:Theoretical
3265:Calorimetry
3076:WikiProject
2820:Term symbol
2650:Noble gases
2594:Lanthanides
2577:metallicity
2449:13 (Triels)
1792:John Dalton
1787:Marie Curie
1722:(J) –
1627:Latent heat
1593:Calorimeter
1587:Temperature
1547:Terminology
738:mathematics
516:Calorimetry
4227:Categories
4217:Technology
3891:Metallurgy
3590:Biological
3156:Analytical
3000:for people
2995:for places
2968:1871 table
2861:Elasticity
2829:Data pages
2787:Properties
2663:Other sets
2619:Metalloids
2260:2019-08-18
2181:2011-06-12
2157:References
1948:- Minerals
1688:Examples:
1599:radiation.
1529:Bohr model
938:diagnosing
932:on living
922:Toxicology
655:interfaces
304:of atomic
19:See also:
4193:Chemistry
3953:Catalysis
3461:Inorganic
3255:Titration
3120:chemistry
2985:etymology
2836:Abundance
2761:in humans
2757:Abundance
2642:Nonmetals
2599:Actinides
2195:Chemistry
1472:Chemicals
950:toxicants
685:structure
556:organisms
548:chemicals
534:reactions
356:empirical
297:Chemistry
34:Chemistry
4238:Outlines
4019:Category
3975:Molecule
3912:See also
3337:Physical
3064:Category
3016:See also
2886:Hardness
2739:Elements
2280:Archived
2237:16833724
2140:See also
1757:Chemists
1727:Enthalpy
1669:Catalyst
942:treating
934:organism
651:polymers
572:genetics
392:Branches
249:Category
189:Research
151:Branches
81:timeline
68:Glossary
4205:Science
4179:Portals
4031:Commons
3995:Alchemy
3511:Organic
2950:History
2856:Density
2484:Periods
2217:Bibcode
1888:–
1882:–
1876:–
1671:–
1665:–
1659:–
1653:–
1647:–
1641:–
1635:–
1629:–
1623:–
1617:–
1611:–
1609:Calorie
1583:–
1513:Atomism
977:outline
973:Alchemy
959:History
742:physics
530:outline
352:natural
341:science
324:Summary
302:science
300:is the
290:outline
195:Chemist
77:History
63:Outline
4043:Portal
3189:UV-Vis
2980:Naming
2777:Symbol
2586:Metals
2554:Blocks
2542:Pyykkö
2537:Fricke
2532:Aufbau
2381:Groups
2251:"heat"
2235:
1714:+ 92kJ
946:toxins
653:) and
306:matter
247:
99:Matter
3216:MALDI
3184:Raman
3023:IUPAC
2748:Lists
2118:Other
1917:Lists
1720:Joule
1710:→ 2NH
1603:Joule
691:Other
129:Redox
104:Phase
58:Index
3970:Atom
3238:HPLC
2755:By:
2233:PMID
1925:and
1767:and
1706:+ 3H
1699:O(g)
1683:heat
948:and
940:and
768:and
683:and
570:and
378:See
358:and
199:list
109:Bond
3980:Ion
3211:ICP
3194:NMR
2575:By
2225:doi
2213:109
928:of
740:or
562:or
536:of
332:An
119:Ion
4229::
3710:/
3706:/
3558:/
3233:GC
3206:EI
3179:IR
2527:8+
2444:12
2439:11
2434:10
2253:,
2231:.
2223:.
2211:.
979:)
631:.
574:.
550:,
416:,
412:,
408:,
404:,
372:A
365:A
362:.
346:A
320:.
4181::
4090:e
4083:t
4076:v
3944:"
3940:"
3111:e
3104:t
3097:v
2763:)
2759:(
2522:7
2517:6
2512:5
2507:4
2502:3
2497:2
2492:1
2429:9
2424:8
2419:7
2414:6
2409:5
2404:4
2399:3
2328:e
2321:t
2314:v
2239:.
2227::
2219::
2184:.
1712:3
1708:2
1704:2
1702:N
1697:2
1693:2
1691:H
1247:.
975:(
952:.
772:.
528:(
382:.
277:e
270:t
263:v
201:)
197:(
83:)
79:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
