20:
2044:
71:
and fortification curtains from direct battery were developed in the 16th century. Later, the increasing scale of warfare and the greater resources available to the besieger accelerated this development, and systems of outworks grew increasingly elaborate and sprawling as a means of slowing the
1438:
72:
attacker's progress and making it more costly. When taken by an enemy force, their lack of rear-facing ramparts left them totally open to fire from the main works.
79:, a fortification detached and forward of the main castle or fortification, is sometimes referred to as a type of outwork or 'advanced outwork'.
151:
1254:
1848:
1543:
99:
1663:
1448:
19:
1873:
120:
A Dictionary of
Military Architecture Fortification and Fieldworks from the Iron Age to the Eighteenth Century
51:
built or established outside the principal fortification limits, detached or semidetached. Outworks such as
2069:
1096:
634:
144:
1433:
514:
1029:
24:
1478:
1103:
60:
1975:
1053:
2022:
1797:
1503:
1498:
1418:
1215:
1162:
1132:
889:
819:
763:
340:
137:
56:
2047:
1863:
1453:
1350:
1235:
419:
2000:
1838:
1620:
1373:
1110:
933:
262:
32:
1985:
1513:
1139:
938:
904:
304:
186:
118:
8:
1802:
1538:
894:
272:
1924:
1533:
1508:
1493:
1488:
1338:
1318:
1115:
676:
543:
287:
1980:
1939:
1914:
1787:
1468:
1308:
1155:
741:
619:
297:
240:
1954:
1929:
1858:
1782:
1383:
1378:
1313:
864:
668:
247:
1843:
1695:
1668:
1608:
1578:
1463:
1428:
1408:
1393:
948:
943:
911:
672:
614:
602:
584:
451:
432:
358:
335:
2012:
2007:
1673:
1658:
1593:
1583:
1458:
1443:
1343:
1333:
1298:
1172:
965:
662:
629:
593:
409:
267:
231:
2063:
2017:
1970:
1878:
1868:
1822:
1792:
1777:
1746:
1727:
1588:
1528:
1483:
1398:
1357:
1167:
800:
795:
528:
491:
476:
427:
372:
351:
160:
76:
48:
1995:
1853:
1817:
1772:
1756:
1684:
1637:
1613:
1603:
1598:
1413:
1230:
1091:
1058:
923:
859:
834:
746:
720:
688:
682:
624:
563:
533:
381:
36:
1894:
1751:
1720:
1702:
1690:
1632:
1627:
1568:
1563:
1523:
1423:
1388:
1284:
1187:
958:
928:
918:
824:
713:
330:
277:
521:
1919:
1739:
1711:
1642:
1518:
1473:
1403:
1323:
1220:
1125:
1065:
1024:
1002:
953:
899:
849:
844:
829:
788:
736:
694:
639:
481:
397:
1899:
444:
1328:
1259:
1086:
1081:
1014:
655:
568:
498:
456:
282:
252:
213:
179:
87:
1812:
1807:
1732:
1573:
1291:
1266:
1249:
1179:
1120:
1048:
1041:
884:
772:
646:
466:
461:
437:
365:
345:
325:
292:
83:
64:
1944:
1909:
1904:
1242:
1225:
1210:
1194:
1146:
1074:
1019:
1009:
977:
879:
854:
609:
553:
471:
318:
311:
257:
129:
68:
52:
28:
1949:
1303:
869:
807:
751:
729:
706:
699:
575:
558:
390:
222:
204:
174:
1990:
1934:
1678:
1203:
1034:
874:
195:
972:
814:
781:
756:
548:
538:
507:
486:
2061:
123:by Stephen Francis Wyley. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
401:
963:
909:
727:
573:
1618:
1348:
1177:
1153:
770:
761:
718:
442:
238:
229:
145:
1737:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1289:
1264:
1240:
1201:
1192:
1144:
1130:
1101:
1072:
1063:
1039:
1000:
805:
786:
704:
653:
644:
600:
591:
582:
519:
505:
496:
379:
356:
388:
370:
316:
302:
220:
211:
202:
193:
184:
152:
138:
18:
2062:
133:
1544:Weapons Storage and Security System
13:
159:
100:List of established military terms
35:in the centre, and the outwork (a
14:
2081:
27:, with the main fortification (a
2043:
2042:
112:
1:
1439:British "hedgehog" road block
105:
7:
1849:Cities with defensive walls
1434:Defensive fighting position
1349:
1154:
964:
910:
771:
762:
728:
719:
574:
93:
90:are subtypes of outworks.
10:
2086:
25:fortifications of Valletta
2033:
1963:
1887:
1831:
1765:
1651:
1556:
1479:Hardened aircraft shelter
1454:Entry control point (ECP)
1366:
1277:
993:
986:
418:
167:
1976:Continuity of government
1798:Motte-and-bailey castle
1504:Missile launch facility
1499:Main line of resistance
194:
1874:Military installations
1738:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1619:
1290:
1265:
1241:
1231:Scarp and Counterscarp
1202:
1193:
1178:
1145:
1131:
1102:
1073:
1064:
1040:
1001:
806:
787:
705:
654:
645:
601:
592:
583:
520:
506:
497:
443:
402:
389:
380:
371:
357:
317:
303:
239:
230:
221:
212:
203:
185:
40:
1643:Floating water castle
1374:Admiralty scaffolding
667:Fortified buildings (
22:
16:Type of fortification
1986:Subterranean warfare
939:Viking ring fortress
2070:Castle architecture
1803:Quadrangular castle
1539:Weapon storage area
895:Quadrangular castle
31:) to the left, the
1534:Underground hangar
1319:Fire control tower
1116:Gunpowder magazine
544:Butter-churn tower
41:
2057:
2056:
1981:Military urbanism
1915:Fortified gateway
1788:Concentric castle
1552:
1551:
1469:Fire support base
1309:Coastal artillery
1184:(Spanish America)
778:
620:Concentric castle
2077:
2046:
2045:
2039:
1930:National redoubt
1859:Fortified estate
1783:Circular rampart
1743:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1624:
1384:Anti-tank trench
1379:Air raid shelter
1354:
1314:Disappearing gun
1295:
1270:
1246:
1207:
1198:
1183:
1159:
1150:
1136:
1107:
1078:
1069:
1045:
1006:
991:
990:
969:
949:Bailey (or ward)
915:
820:Motte-and-bailey
811:
792:
776:
768:
767:
733:
724:
710:
659:
650:
606:
597:
588:
579:
525:
511:
502:
448:
405:
394:
385:
376:
362:
322:
308:
248:Circular rampart
244:
235:
226:
217:
208:
199:
190:
154:
147:
140:
131:
130:
124:
116:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2037:
2029:
1959:
1883:
1827:
1761:
1696:Imperial castle
1669:Coercion castle
1664:Coastal defence
1647:
1609:Promontory fort
1579:Hillside castle
1548:
1464:Fallout shelter
1429:Concertina wire
1409:Border security
1362:
1273:
982:
615:Coercion castle
603:Cheval de frise
585:Chemin de ronde
433:Albarrana tower
414:
359:Schwedenschanze
336:Promontory fort
163:
158:
128:
127:
117:
113:
108:
96:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2015:
2013:Trench warfare
2010:
2008:Tunnel warfare
2005:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1864:Fortifications
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1674:Counter-castle
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Border barrier
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:Lowland castle
1591:
1586:
1584:Hilltop castle
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1459:Electric fence
1456:
1451:
1449:Dragon's teeth
1446:
1444:Czech hedgehog
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1358:Wire obstacles
1355:
1346:
1344:Polygonal fort
1341:
1336:
1334:Martello tower
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1299:Border outpost
1296:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1185:
1175:
1173:Polygonal fort
1170:
1165:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1137:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
997:
995:
988:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
803:
798:
793:
784:
779:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
725:
716:
711:
702:
697:
692:
685:
680:
665:
663:Flanking tower
660:
651:
642:
637:
632:
630:Counter-castle
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
517:
512:
503:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
440:
435:
430:
424:
422:
420:Post-classical
416:
415:
413:
412:
410:Vitrified fort
407:
395:
386:
377:
368:
363:
354:
349:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
314:
309:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
268:Defensive wall
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
236:
227:
218:
209:
200:
191:
182:
177:
171:
169:
165:
164:
161:Fortifications
157:
156:
149:
142:
134:
126:
125:
110:
109:
107:
104:
103:
102:
95:
92:
39:) to the right
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2082:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2050:
2049:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2018:Urban warfare
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Civil defense
1969:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:Bastion forts
1837:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1823:Z-plan castle
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:L-plan castle
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Bridge castle
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Refuge castle
1745:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Military base
1726:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1691:Hunting lodge
1689:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Moated castle
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Island castle
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:By topography
1555:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:Submarine pen
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Hesco bastion
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Blast shelter
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Place-of-arms
1166:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
999:
998:
996:
992:
989:
985:
979:
976:
974:
971:
968:
967:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
914:
913:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
810:
809:
804:
802:
801:Machicolation
799:
797:
796:L-plan castle
794:
791:
790:
785:
783:
780:
775:
774:
766:
765:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
732:
731:
726:
723:
722:
717:
715:
712:
709:
708:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
690:
686:
684:
681:
678:
674:
670:
666:
664:
661:
658:
657:
652:
649:
648:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
605:
604:
599:
596:
595:
590:
587:
586:
581:
578:
577:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
529:Bridge castle
527:
524:
523:
518:
516:
513:
510:
509:
504:
501:
500:
495:
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492:Bent entrance
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478:
477:Battery tower
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428:Advanced work
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352:Refuge castle
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77:advanced work
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59:(demilunes),
58:
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50:
49:fortification
46:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
2041:
1996:Siege engine
1964:Other topics
1888:Related word
1854:Defense line
1818:Tower castle
1773:Bastion fort
1757:Urban castle
1685:Ganerbenburg
1683:
1638:Water castle
1614:Ridge castle
1599:Marsh castle
1414:Bomb shelter
1394:Belgian gate
1367:20th century
1278:19th century
1216:Retrenchment
1188:Punji sticks
1097:Entrenchment
1092:Device Forts
1059:Counterguard
994:Early modern
924:Tower castle
860:Powder tower
839:
835:Outer bailey
747:Inner bailey
721:Gulyay-gorod
689:Ganerbenburg
687:
683:Fujian tulou
625:Corner tower
564:Chamber gate
534:Bridge tower
382:Trou de loup
119:
114:
81:
74:
44:
42:
37:counterguard
23:View of the
1895:Castle town
1752:Toll castle
1721:Lustschloss
1703:Kaiserpfalz
1633:Spur castle
1628:Rock castle
1569:Hill castle
1564:Cave castle
1524:Spider hole
1424:Bremer wall
1389:Barbed tape
1285:Barbed wire
959:Witch tower
929:Tower house
919:Toll castle
905:Shield wall
825:Murder hole
714:Guard tower
331:Pincer gate
278:Faussebraye
47:is a minor
1920:Gatekeeper
1740:Ordensburg
1712:Landesburg
1519:Sentry gun
1474:Flak tower
1404:Blast wall
1324:Gun turret
1221:Sally port
1126:Kotta mara
1066:Couvreface
1030:Breastwork
1025:Blockhouse
1003:Abwurfdach
954:Watchtower
944:Wall tower
900:Shell keep
850:Portcullis
845:Peel tower
830:Neck ditch
789:Landesburg
737:Half tower
695:Gate tower
640:Drawbridge
482:Battlement
398:Wagon fort
241:Chengqiang
106:References
67:to shield
2023:Guerrilla
1766:By design
1514:Revetment
1329:Land mine
1260:Star fort
1087:Crownwork
1082:Covertway
1015:Barricade
656:Embrasure
569:Chartaque
499:Bergfried
457:Arrowslit
283:Gatehouse
253:City gate
214:Castellum
180:Acropolis
88:crownwork
65:caponiers
2064:Category
2048:Category
2038:See also
1925:Loophole
1813:Ringwork
1808:Ringfort
1733:Obstacle
1574:Hillfort
1494:Loophole
1292:Barbette
1267:Tenaille
1250:Sea fort
1180:Presidio
1140:Magazine
1121:Hornwork
1054:Cavalier
1049:Casemate
1042:Caponier
885:Ringwork
773:Detinets
742:Hoarding
647:Enceinte
522:Bretèche
467:Bartizan
462:Barbican
438:Alcazaba
366:Stockade
346:Ringfort
326:Palisade
298:Landwehr
293:Hillfort
94:See also
84:hornwork
69:bastions
57:lunettes
53:ravelins
1955:Vedette
1945:Schloss
1910:Festung
1905:Dungeon
1900:Château
1844:Castles
1652:By role
1509:Pillbox
1339:Outpost
1255:Station
1243:Schanze
1226:Sandbag
1211:Redoubt
1195:Ravelin
1163:Palanka
1147:Orillon
1133:Lunette
1075:Coupure
1020:Bastion
1010:Arsenal
978:Zwinger
890:Roundel
880:Ricetto
855:Postern
840:Outwork
764:Kremlin
635:Curtain
610:Citadel
594:Chemise
554:Caltrop
472:Bastion
445:Alcázar
341:Rampart
319:Oppidum
312:Nuraghe
258:Crannog
232:Castros
168:Ancient
61:flèches
45:outwork
29:bastion
1950:Trench
1940:Picket
1351:Sangar
1304:Bunker
1236:Sconce
1156:Ostrog
1104:Flèche
987:Modern
966:Yagura
934:Turret
870:Reduit
808:Merlon
752:Kasbah
730:Gusuku
707:Glacis
700:Gabion
669:church
576:Chashi
559:Castle
403:Laager
391:Vallum
348:(Rath)
223:Castra
205:Burgus
175:Abatis
1991:Siege
1935:Palas
1879:Walls
1869:Forts
1832:Lists
1679:Fence
1621:Rocca
1489:Kabal
1204:Redan
1111:Gorge
1035:Canal
912:Shiro
875:Ribat
865:Qalat
677:Dzong
673:house
373:Sudis
305:Limes
263:Ditch
196:Broch
187:Agger
33:ditch
2001:list
1419:Buoy
973:Yett
815:Moat
782:Ksar
757:Keep
549:Caer
539:Burh
515:Boom
508:Berm
487:Bawn
452:Amba
288:Gord
86:and
82:The
63:and
273:Dun
75:An
43:An
2066::
2040::
675:,
671:,
55:,
777:)
769:(
679:)
406:)
400:(
153:e
146:t
139:v
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