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475:. Though the program teaches number theory, by its Gauss-inspired motto, "Think deeply of simple things," its primary goal is to offer precollege students an intellectual experience as what he described as "a vivid apprenticeship to a life of exploration." The program is known for its intensity, and is considered America's "most rigorous number theory program." Ross was known to say, "No one leaves the program unchanged."
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378:'s research assistant. Ross earned a M.S. degree and finished his Ph.D. in number theory at the University of Chicago in 1931 with Dickson as his adviser. Ross's dissertation was entitled "On Representation of Integers by Indefinite Ternary Quadratic Forms". He did not pay tuition after his first quarter, which he credits to Dickson.
370:. He also changed his surname from Chaimovich to Ross in 1922. Ross used his salary from a year at the shop to enroll for one term at the University of Chicago in Moore's course. Moore gave Ross special attention, knowing his untraditional background, and arranged for Ross to attend the topology class as the sole undergraduate.
496:, and many questions contain his signature directions: "Prove or disprove and salvage if possible." Successful students are asked to return as junior counselors and counselors in future summers. Junior counselors revisit the daily lectures and help first-years with their questions. They also can take advanced courses such as
49:
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In Moore's teaching style, he would propose a conjecture and task the students with proving it. Students could respond with counter-conjectures that they would defend. Ross found Moore's method exciting, and his pedagogy influenced Ross's own. Ross graduated with a B.S. degree and continued his study
338:
to tutor his talented son, and Ross asked to join in. As money meant little due to inflation, Shatunovsky was paid to tutor the two boys with a pound of French hard candy. During this time, Ross was not taught with textbooks or lectured on geometric proofs. His geometry teacher would ask the class to
480:
This emphasis on computation alone too often produces students who have never practiced thinking for themselves, who have never asked why things work the way they do, who are not prepared to lead the way to future scientific innovation. It is precisely this independence of thought and questioning
638:
Ross's biggest contribution to his field was not through his research, but through his mathematics education programs. He had run each of his summer programs from 1957 to 2000, working with over 2,000 students. His summer program graduates found roles in prestigious research positions in fields
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The program usually has 40–50 first-year students, 15 junior counselors, and 15 counselors. Students are admitted by application—which includes a set of mathematical questions—or by showing "a great eagerness to learn." First-year students meet daily for lectures in elementary number theory and
333:
broke out. The two events led to widespread famine and economic woe in the region. Ross learned
Russian at the behest of his mother, and developed a love of the theater and language. Ross's mother encouraged him to read, which he did often, and subscribed to a private library since Odesa had no
561:
Ross reached his mandatory retirement from Ohio State
University in 1976, when he became Professor Emeritus, but continued to run the summer program through 2000, after which he had a stroke that left him physically impaired and unable to teach. Daniel Shapiro led the program upon Ross's exit.
466:
funds for teacher retraining, and Ross let high school students attend. This expansion became the Ross
Mathematics Program, a summer mathematics program for talented high school students. The program lasts eight weeks and brings students with no prior knowledge to topics such as
292:
The program is known as Ross's most significant work. Its attendees have since continued on to prominent research positions across the sciences. His program inspired several offshoots and was recognized by mathematicians as highly influential. Ross has received an
457:
While at Notre Dame in 1947, Ross began a mathematics program that prioritized what he described as "the act of personal discovery through observation and experimentation" for high school and junior college teachers. In 1957, the program expanded via the
670:
puts mathematicians before high school audiences annually in cities across the United States. Ohio State
University organized two reunion-conferences for Ross with program alumni, friends of Ross, and a series of science lectures, in 1996 and 2001.
662:
slowly became supportive of the program and later began his own gifted students program. Informally, Ross
Program and Ross's students are known as "Ross-1s" and those who study under them (including PROMYS attendees) are known as "Ross-2s".
610:
Ross's wife, Bee, died in 1983 and left Ross in a deep depression. His colleagues said he "lived only for his summer program" in this period. He later met a French widow of a diplomat, Madeleine Green, and they married in 1990.
507:(NSF) program that supported summer programs in science education, but not returning students. As NSF support fluctuates, the program has been funded by various means including gifts from donors, scholarships from businesses, a
492:
thrice weekly for problem seminars. They are encouraged to think like scientists and devise their own proofs and conjectures to the problems posed, which occupies most of their free time. Ross designed the daily
550:'s invitation. The program is unadvertised and depends on personal contacts and word of mouth to propagate. It is recognized by mathematicians as one of the best mathematics programs for high school students.
289:
when he became their department chair in 1963. Though forced to retire in 1976, Ross ran the summer program until 2000. He had worked with over 2,000 students during more than forty summers.
546:'s mathematics department in 1963, and the program followed in the 1964 summer. The program briefly moved to the University of Chicago in the summers of 1975–1978 at mathematician
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were inspired by Ross. The founders of PROMYS were Ross
Program alumni, and when the Ross Program went to the University of Chicago for several years, mathematics chair
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in 1978. He had previously created other mathematics programs, including the teacher training program (before it included high school students) and another program for
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The Ross
Program inspired many similar programs, the closest in likeness being the Program in Mathematics for Young Scientists (PROMYS) at
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445:'s mathematics department in 1946. He set out to change the school's research climate by inviting distinguished mathematicians including
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until 1933. Ross moved back to
Chicago and led the mathematics department at an experimental school started by Ph.D.s during the
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public library. He credited his favorite uncle, an X-ray diagnostician, with introducing him to mathematics. The uncle had hired
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to
Ukrainian-Jewish immigrants. He was an only child. His mother supported the family as a physical therapist. Ross returned to
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in 1935 and stayed for about 11 years. In an interview, he said he advocated for a student who became the first black woman in
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1977:
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in mathematics. This exception led the university to admit black students despite the idea's widespread unpopularity. During
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Ross married Bertha (Bee) Halley
Horecker, a singer-musician and daughter of Ross's Chicago neighbors, in 1931, received a
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Fellow in 1988. His teaching awards include Ohio State's Distinguished Teaching and Service Awards, and membership on the
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366:. After negotiating his way home, he worked at a family friend's bookbinding shop and continued to learn English at the
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summer school that prepared young scientists to assist in the war, a program Ross attended. He occasionally worked on
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January summer program for talented youth based on Ross's own from 1975 to 1983, and helped start another program in
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prove and justify ideas on the blackboard per trial and error. Many universities were closed due to the famine, but
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2006:
1957:
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281:'s mathematics department in 1946. He started a teacher training program in mathematics that evolved into the
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270:, despite his lack of formal academic training. He received his Ph.D. and married his wife, Bee, in 1931.
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1935:
1222:
What High Schools Don't Tell You: 300+ Secrets to Make Your Kid Irresistible to Colleges by Senior Year
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1972:
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Ross left Odesa—now part of Ukraine—in 1922 with the intention of returning to Chicago and studying
2109:
1945:
1486:
1037:; Woods, Alan C. (April 1986). "Award for Distinguished Service to Professor Arnold Ephraim Ross".
592:, India, and Australia. He consulted for an Indian gifted children program in 1973, assisted in an
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grant, the university, and its mathematics department. It also receives financial support from the
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282:
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161:
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577:(MAA) Award for Distinguished Service, the 1998 MAA Citation for Public Service, and was named an
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179:"On Representation of Integers by Indefinite Ternary Quadratic Forms of Quadratfrei Determinant"
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401:, People's Junior College, where he also taught physics. Ross became an assistant professor at
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across the sciences. The Ross Program was acclaimed by mathematicians as highly influential.
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and graduate seminars. Student problem sets are graded daily by the live-in counselors.
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Admission to the program is competitive, with an approximately 15% acceptance rate.
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with his mother in 1909 for assistance from her extended family, and stayed once
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in 1957 with the addition of high school students. The program moved with him to
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and several professional association awards for his instruction and service.
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The Arnold Ross Lecture Series founded in his name in 1993 and run by the
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The program grew rapidly with input from prominent mathematicians such as
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441:'s laboratory from 1941 to 1945 before accepting a position as head of
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expressed their personal debts to Ross. He did not have any children.
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reopened and let a small group of adolescents attend, including Ross.
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middle and high school students called "Horizons Unlimited" in 1970.
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to teach there regularly. Ross left Notre Dame to become chair of
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Ross was born Arnold Ephraim Chaimovich on August 24, 1906, in
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902:"A Conference Honoring Arnold Ross on His Ninetieth Birthday"
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students. He was born in Chicago, but spent his youth in
962:
Jackson, Allyn; Shapiro, Daniel, eds. (June–July 2003).
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Introduction to Real Analysis: An Educational Approach
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ran memorial articles on Ross. Mathematicians such as
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Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society
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Notable people associated with Ohio State University
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Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity
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Center for Interdisciplinary Law and Policy Studies
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
481:attitude that the Ross Program strives to nurture.
2075:Aeronautical and Astronautical Research Laboratory
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417:, Ross served as a research mathematician for the
2135:Mershon Center for International Security Studies
1672:Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
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1533:Ohio State University Department of Mathematics
1455:Ohio State University Department of Mathematics
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562:Shapiro was a former counselor at the program.
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273:Ross taught at several institutions including
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235:(August 24, 1906 – September 25, 2002) was a
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1156:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
972:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
910:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
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617:Notices of the American Mathematical Society
243:who founded the Ross Mathematics Program, a
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262:. Ross returned to Chicago and enrolled in
1968:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
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1482:"In Memoriam: Hans Zassenhaus (1912–1991)"
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1092:Report of the National Academy of Sciences
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1575:Ross Mathematics Program official website
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503:The program was funded in the 1960s by a
2105:DNB Extension for Education and Research
1733:Health Sciences Center for Global Health
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421:. He befriended Hungarian mathematician
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2489:60,540 (Columbus) 65,795 (all campuses)
1539:from the original on September 21, 2013
1526:
1461:from the original on September 21, 2013
1428:from the original on September 21, 2013
1391:
1358:Measure, Topology, and Fractal Geometry
1311:from the original on September 21, 2013
1274:
1110:William C. Bauldry (9 September 2011).
1010:
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820:from the original on September 21, 2013
783:
556:
14:
2571:
2090:Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center
1527:Shapiro, Daniel (September 25, 2002).
588:Ross helped begin similar programs in
2599:Saint Louis University mathematicians
2155:Olentangy River Wetland Research Park
2140:National Center for the Middle Market
1978:John A. Prior Health Sciences Library
1583:
1479:
1355:Edgar, Gerald A. (October 23, 2007).
1354:
1182:from the original on December 2, 2012
1116:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 46.
585:'s science education advisory board.
385:Fellowship for 1932, and worked as a
2594:21st-century American mathematicians
2589:20th-century American mathematicians
2028:Journal of Money, Credit and Banking
30:For the American jazz musician, see
1713:John Glenn School of Public Affairs
1411:Mathematical Association of America
1294:Mathematical Association of America
1148:"1998 Citations for Public Service"
1087:National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
1079:
1049:Mathematical Association of America
900:Shapiro, Daniel B. (October 1996).
449:, whom Ross made a full professor.
309:Ross as young boy in school uniform
24:
2115:Industrial Arts Curriculum Project
1911:Orton Hall & Geological Museum
1886:Drake Performance and Event Center
1514:ScienceDirect Mathematics Backfile
998:from the original on July 22, 2013
936:from the original on July 22, 2013
656:University of Texas at San Antonio
575:Mathematics Association of America
429:, who recommended Ross for a 1941
391:California Institute of Technology
154:California Institute of Technology
25:
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2244:Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame
1554:
1218:Wissner-Gross, Elizabeth (2007).
614:Ross died on September 25, 2002.
2619:University of Notre Dame faculty
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2542:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2463:Statue of William Oxley Thompson
1677:Agricultural Technical Institute
1392:Stevens, Glenn (December 2002).
1226:. Hudson Street Press. pp.
1097:United States National Academies
648:Southwest Texas State University
2400:The Stadium Scholarship Program
1361:. Springer-Verlag. p. XI.
1323:
1275:Stevens, Glenn (January 2003).
2160:Richard M. Ross Heart Hospital
1057:10.1080/00029890.1986.11971798
784:Jackson, Allyn (August 2001).
594:Australian National University
13:
1:
2609:Ohio State University faculty
2395:Texnikoi Engineering Honorary
1901:Ohio State University Airport
1565:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1480:Pohst, Michael (April 1994).
1165:American Mathematical Society
1040:American Mathematical Monthly
981:American Mathematical Society
919:American Mathematical Society
803:American Mathematical Society
674:
668:American Mathematical Society
2614:University of Chicago alumni
2370:Activities and Organizations
1846:Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium
1698:College of Arts and Sciences
1335:The Ross Mathematics Program
1331:"Frequently Asked Questions"
786:"Interview with Arnold Ross"
646:and the Honors Math Camp at
202:Other academic advisors
126:Bertha (Bee) Halley Horecker
7:
2034:Ohio State University Press
1861:Woody Hayes Athletic Center
1841:Jerome Schottenstein Center
583:National Science Foundation
505:National Science Foundation
460:National Science Foundation
10:
2635:
2355:Buckeye Leadership Society
1936:Wexner Center for the Arts
1921:Lincoln and Morrill Towers
1723:Fisher College of Business
513:Clay Mathematics Institute
266:graduate coursework under
118:(Ross Mathematics Program)
29:
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2413:
2338:
2277:
2269:UM-OSU Basketball Rivalry
2183:
2125:Large Binocular Telescope
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1998:
1973:Hilandar Research Library
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1818:
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1685:
1634:
1619:
1394:"Memories of Arnold Ross"
1277:"Memories of Arnold Ross"
1099:. p. 164. NAP:11240.
964:"Arnold Ross (1906–2002)"
633:
387:National Research Council
383:National Research Council
277:before becoming chair of
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63:Arnold Ephraim Chaimovich
58:
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39:
2110:Edison Welding Institute
1487:Journal of Number Theory
509:National Security Agency
453:Ross Mathematics Program
443:University of Notre Dame
350:Ross in Odesa circa 1922
283:Ross Mathematics Program
279:University of Notre Dame
258:, where he studied with
162:University of Notre Dame
2443:Campus Area Bus Service
1916:South Bass Island Light
1529:"Arnold Ross 1906–2002"
1167:: 514–516. April 1998.
389:postdoctoral fellow at
2485:$ 7 billion (2022) –
1708:College of Engineering
1622:Main campus located in
1501:10.1006/jnth.1994.1023
1451:"Arnold Ross Obituary"
540:Dijen K. Ray-Chaudhuri
483:
376:Leonard Eugene Dickson
351:
310:
32:Arnold Ross (musician)
27:American mathematician
2007:Geographical Analysis
1951:James Cancer Hospital
1941:Wexner Medical Center
1728:Moritz College of Law
1612:Ohio State University
652:University of Chicago
544:Ohio State University
486:Ross Program brochure
478:
473:quadratic reciprocity
364:University of Chicago
349:
308:
301:Early life and career
287:Ohio State University
264:University of Chicago
166:Ohio State University
115:Mathematics education
105:University of Chicago
2448:Jack Nicklaus Museum
1703:College of Dentistry
1642:Columbus Main Campus
650:. Other programs at
557:Retirement and death
403:St. Louis University
275:St. Louis University
158:St. Louis University
2468:University District
1963:18th Avenue Library
1718:College of Medicine
598:Heidelberg, Germany
247:summer program for
233:Arnold Ephraim Ross
221:Margaret Willerding
41:Arnold Ephraim Ross
2405:University Housing
2390:Student Government
2360:Old North Columbus
2315:Athletic Directors
2254:OSU Athletic Bands
2204:Buckeye Battle Cry
2165:Sarah (chimpanzee)
2100:Chadwick Arboretum
1926:Tom W. Davis Tower
1826:Bill Davis Stadium
1810:Women's volleyball
1790:Women's ice hockey
1770:Women's basketball
573:in 1984, the 1985
571:Denison University
567:honorary doctorate
520:Ram Prakash Bambah
352:
336:Samuil Shatunovsky
331:Russian Revolution
311:
295:honorary doctorate
260:Samuil Shatunovsky
206:Samuil Shatunovsky
92:September 25, 2002
2494:
2493:
2259:OSU Marching Band
2170:Secrest Arboretum
2145:Newman projection
1869:
1868:
1368:978-0-387-74749-1
1237:978-1-59463-037-8
1123:978-1-118-16443-3
644:Boston University
565:Ross received an
469:Gaussian integers
439:Stromberg-Carlson
230:
229:
217:Doctoral students
134:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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2458:Remembrance Park
2453:Nationwide Arena
2417:
2375:Pi Gamma Omicron
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2192:Across the Field
2175:Stone Laboratory
1983:Thompson Library
1805:Men's volleyball
1785:Men's ice hockey
1765:Men's basketball
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1657:Mansfield Campus
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819:
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487:
431:Brown University
399:Great Depression
395:Eric Temple Bell
341:Odesa University
191:Doctoral advisor
185:
95:
72:
70:
51:
37:
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1988:University Hall
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1570:Photos of Ross
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1555:External links
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498:combinatorics
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196:L. E. Dickson
194:
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50:
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38:
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19:
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2482:
2479:Established:
2478:
2424:
2341:Student life
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1851:Ohio Stadium
1800:Men's soccer
1775:Field hockey
1693:Calculus One
1621:
1541:. Retrieved
1522:
1512:– via
1491:
1485:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1430:. Retrieved
1406:
1400:
1372:. Retrieved
1357:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1289:
1283:
1241:. Retrieved
1221:
1184:. Retrieved
1160:
1154:
1127:. Retrieved
1112:
1105:
1091:
1081:
1044:
1038:
1000:. Retrieved
976:
970:
938:. Retrieved
914:
908:
822:. Retrieved
798:
792:
665:
641:
637:
621:
615:
613:
609:
590:West Germany
587:
564:
560:
552:
517:
502:
494:problem sets
490:
484:
479:
456:
415:World War II
380:
372:
353:
312:
291:
272:
232:
231:
177:
150:Institutions
133:
94:(2002-09-25)
53:Ross in 1970
2584:2002 deaths
2579:1906 births
2549:Mathematics
2433:2016 attack
2380:Sigma Alpha
2249:Script Ohio
2239:Mirror Lake
2211:Carmen Ohio
2080:The Big Ear
2014:The Lantern
1652:Lima Campus
1561:Arnold Ross
1051:: 245–246.
1035:Lax, Anneli
983:: 660–665.
805:: 691–698.
536:Kurt Mahler
423:Gábor Szegő
360:E. H. Moore
327:World War I
268:E. H. Moore
252:high school
211:E. H. Moore
2573:Categories
2483:Endowment:
2429:(magazine)
2295:Presidents
2184:Traditions
2059:AROUSE OSU
1931:Watts Hall
1906:Ohio Union
1874:Facilities
1340:22 October
675:References
660:Paul Sally
628:Karl Rubin
605:inner city
447:Paul Erdős
69:1906-08-24
2537:Education
2513:Biography
2487:Students:
1958:Libraries
1891:Golf Club
1744:Athletics
1686:Academics
1646:Buildings
1510:0022-314X
1494:(1): 11.
1419:0731-2040
1402:MAA FOCUS
1302:0731-2040
1285:MAA FOCUS
1173:0002-9920
1065:0002-9890
989:0002-9920
927:0002-9920
811:0002-9920
623:MAA FOCUS
427:St. Louis
425:while in
419:U.S. Navy
407:the South
123:Spouse(s)
2365:The Oval
2325:Athletes
2290:Trustees
2224:Illibuck
2068:Research
1836:Ice Rink
1780:Football
1760:Baseball
1635:Campuses
1537:Archived
1459:Archived
1457:. 2002.
1423:Archived
1306:Archived
1177:Archived
1089:(1930).
993:Archived
931:Archived
815:Archived
532:Max Dehn
462:'s post-
356:topology
329:and the
241:educator
81:Illinois
2525:Chicago
2499:Portals
2481:1870 –
2416:Related
2350:Block O
2320:Coaches
2310:Fellows
2300:Faculty
2039:WOSU-FM
1563:at the
1073:2323671
464:Sputnik
362:at the
323:Ukraine
315:Chicago
77:Chicago
2285:Alumni
2278:People
1819:Venues
1508:
1417:
1413:: 22.
1365:
1300:
1296:: 17.
1234:
1230:–109.
1171:
1120:
1071:
1063:
987:
925:
917:(10).
809:
634:Legacy
538:, and
530:, and
249:gifted
184:(1931)
182:
173:Thesis
140:Fields
18:PROMYS
2305:Staff
1999:Media
1753:Teams
1426:(PDF)
1409:(9).
1397:(PDF)
1309:(PDF)
1292:(1).
1280:(PDF)
1180:(PDF)
1163:(4).
1151:(PDF)
1069:JSTOR
1047:(4).
996:(PDF)
979:(6).
967:(PDF)
934:(PDF)
905:(PDF)
818:(PDF)
801:(7).
789:(PDF)
569:from
393:with
358:with
319:Odesa
2561:Ohio
2426:1870
2054:WVSG
2049:WOSA
1545:2013
1506:ISSN
1467:2013
1434:2013
1415:ISSN
1376:2013
1363:ISBN
1342:2023
1317:2013
1298:ISSN
1245:2013
1232:ISBN
1188:2013
1169:ISSN
1131:2013
1118:ISBN
1061:ISSN
1004:2013
985:ISSN
942:2013
923:ISSN
826:2013
807:ISSN
654:and
620:and
471:and
437:for
239:and
89:Died
83:, US
59:Born
1496:doi
1228:103
1053:doi
374:as
2575::
1624::
1535:.
1531:.
1504:.
1492:47
1490:.
1484:.
1453:.
1442:^
1421:.
1407:22
1405:.
1399:.
1384:^
1333:.
1304:.
1290:23
1288:.
1282:.
1253:^
1196:^
1175:.
1161:45
1159:.
1153:.
1139:^
1095:.
1067:.
1059:.
1045:93
1043:.
1012:^
991:.
977:50
975:.
969:.
950:^
929:.
915:43
913:.
907:.
834:^
813:.
799:48
797:.
791:.
682:^
526:,
522:,
515:.
321:,
208:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
79:,
2501::
2220:"
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