835:
709:
961:
735:
1142:
1130:
973:
1442:
1065:, and so is exempt from the binding theory. Under this definition, the features of PRO no longer conflict with the principles of binding theory. However, developments in binding theory since 1981 have presented significant challenges to the PRO theorem. For example, if PRO is ungoverned, then it must not be case-marked. However, in Icelandic, PRO appears to be case-marked, and is thus governed. More recent research attempts to characterize PRO without reference to the PRO theorem.
445:
721:
1154:
1228:. The examples in (11) show that PRO is ungrammatical in finite clauses and in non-subject position: (11a) establishes that PRO cannot be the subject of a finite clause, and (11b-c) establish that PRO cannot occur in complement position. In particular, (11b) shows that PRO cannot be complement to V, while (11c) shows that PRO cannot be complement to P.
878:. If the null subject PRO were not present in examples like (4a) and (4b), then non-finite clauses would contain anaphors that lacked a local antecedent, and incorrectly predicting that such sentences to be ungrammatical. The grammaticality of such sentences confirms that the reflexives have an antecedent, which by hypothesis is PRO.
2409:) and has the same distribution as non-obligatory control PRO. With non-obligatory control, an overt embedded subject may be introduced (25) or omitted (26), and omitting the embedded subject may result in an arbitrary reading. Additionally, the overt subject may not be moved out of the embedded clause, (27).
513:. One property of PRO is that, when it occurs in a non-finite complement clause, it can be bound by the main clause subject ("subject control") or the main clause object ("object control"). The presence of PRO in non-finite clauses lacking overt subjects allows a principled solution for problems relating to
1379:
with VP-ellipsis, both sloppy and strict readings are permitted: in (13d), Bill may think that John having his resume in order is crucial, or that Bill may that having his own resume in order is crucial (Need fixation, Ala Al-Kajela 2015 PRO Theory, Norbert
Hornstein 1999 Movement and Control claims
757:
every theta role must be present in the structure of the sentence; this means that theta roles must be associated with a syntactic position even when there is no overt argument. Therefore, in the absence of an overt subject, the null category PRO helps to satisfy the theta criterion. For example:
2331:
The idea introduced in (23d) is of particular importance as a single DP/NP-chain can acquire more than one θ-role by simultaneously satisfying the θ-criterion across multiple positions, e.g. the subject of the non-finite embedded clause and the subject of the matrix verb. In this context a chain
2324:(23) a. θ-roles are features on verbs. b. A DP/NP "receives" a θ-role by checking a θ-feature of a verbal/predicative phrase that it merges with. c. There is no upper bound on the number of θ-roles a chain can have. d. Sideward movement is permitted. (Hornstein 1999: 78)
953:. The application of agreement is automatically explained if PRO is co-indexed with the subject of the main clause, with the predicate nominal simply agreeing with the number features of the argument that controls PRO, just as it would be if an overt subject had been introduced.
1683:
PRO appears to be case-marked. Rules of case agreement in
Icelandic require that floated quantifiers agree in case (as well as in number and gender) with the DP they quantify. As illustrated in (18) and (19), this agreement requirement holds of PRO. In (18), the quantifier
1172:
It is furthermore argued that null case is the only case assignable to PRO, and that PRO is the only DP to which null case may be assigned. These assertions have since been challenged by certain data which appear to demonstrate that PRO may carry case other than null case.
1121:
The following tree diagrams for (7b), (8b), and (9b) show how PRO can be co-indexed with the different types of antecedents: the tree diagram for (7a) shows subject control; the tree for (8b) shows object control; the tree for (9b) shows PRO with arbitrary reference.
1692:'both' appears in the dative plural form. The occurrence of such forms indicates that the quantifiers are agreeing with their antecedent, namely PRO. This leads to the conclusion that PRO must be case-marked, and this is possible only if PRO is in Spec-TP.
2049:
The structure of sentences like (21) can lead to an ambiguous interpretation if the subject is animate. This illustrated in (26), where the PRO in the adjunct clause can be controlled by either the subject (22a) or the object (22b) of the main clause.
2332:
refers to an argument which has moved and all of its traces. Hornstein argues that there is insufficient empirical evidence that a chain must be restricted to a single θ-role and that allowing multiple θ-roles per chain is the
1109:
The subject of the non-finite T must satisfy the case checked by T, and this case cannot be satisfied by a pronounced (i.e., overt) DP, it is argued that these non-finite T's (and -ing clausal gerunds), check for a special
688:
In the context of the EPP, the existence of subject and object control follows naturally from the fact that the null pronominal subject PRO can be co-indexed with different DP arguments. While (1a) and (2a) show the
2298:
has proposed that control verbs can be explained without resorting to PRO, and as such that PRO can be done away with entirely. This theory explains obligatory control with movement, and non-obligatory control with
849:
The claim that non-finite clauses have a phonologically null PRO subject is in part motivated by binding theory — in particular, the idea that an anaphor requires a local antecedent to be present.
524:, the existence and distribution of PRO followed from the PRO theorem, which states that PRO may not be governed. More recent analyses have abandoned the PRO theorem. Instead, PRO is taken to be in
2488:
to explain control and claims that such a theory is empirically superior as it successfully explains the problematic data as well as the data previously explained by the movement theory of control.
1077:, which is checked by non-finite T. This is illustrated by the contrasting examples in (7), (8) and (9) below. The (a) examples show contexts where an overt DP subject is ungrammatical in the
2391:
With the need for PRO eliminated under obligatory control, Hornstein argues that it follows naturally that PRO should be altogether eliminated from the theory as it is equivalent to little
1672:. And in (17c), PRO is not controlled by any antecedent, and so can be paraphrased as 'For someone to love her is for someone to know her'; this is called impersonal PRO or arbitrary PRO.
1451:
For a sentence such as (14a), there is a debate about whether PRO moves from Spec-VP (where it is introduced) to Spec-TP in non-finite clauses. Baltin (1995) argues that the tense marker
582:. A consequence of the EPP is that clauses that lack an overt subject must necessarily have an "invisible" or "covert" subject; with non-finite clauses this covert subject is PRO.
1556:
Radford justifies moving PRO to Spec-TP on the basis of the binding properties of certain sentences. For example, in (16), moving PRO to Spec-TP is necessary for it to c-command
2465:
Since the publication of this movement theory of control some data has been discussed which it does not explain, challenging the completeness of the movement theory of control.
892:
Note, however, that PRO itself has no local antecedent in these examples: PRO can share reference with an external referent as in (4a), or have an arbitrary reading as in (4b).
912:
clause. This is illustrated in (5) and (6). Example (5) shows that the number of the predicate nominal must agree with that of the overt subject: in (5a) the singular subject (
2760:
s) are added in the syntactic tree diagrams for readability, although only one would be shown in an average tree diagram. That is, the verbs in these trees would be in the
1025:
However, this set of features poses a problem for binding theory, as it imposes contradictory constraints on the distribution of PRO. This is because an anaphor must be
806:, this should be a violation of the theta criterion. However, the presence of the null PRO subject, as shown (3b), satisfies the theta criterion by having PRO as the DP
1457:
does not have an EPP feature, and that therefore PRO does not move to Spec-TP; this yields the structure in (14b). In contrast, Radford (2004) argues that infinitival
1614:
In
English, PRO is treated as caseless, and can be controlled by the subject (17a) or object (17b) of the verb in the main clause) or it may be uncontrolled (17c).
693:, (1b) and (2b) show the more abstract structure where PRO serves as the subject of the non-finite clauses, thereby satisfying the EPP-feature of T (realized by
1964:, PRO can be controlled by dative experiencers in object position in an adjunct clause. (This is also true for Spanish.) In (21), the dative experiencer object
949:
The following tree diagrams show how PRO, as the subject of the copular clause, enters into agreement with the nominal predicate introduced by the copular verb
2862:
1595:
Occurrences of PRO have been discussed and documented with regards to many languages. Major points of similarities and differences center on the following:
1062:
866:
require a local antecedent. As shown in (4), PRO can function as an antecedent for reflexives: in (4a) PRO is the antecedent for the reflexive pronoun '
698:
932:, then the predicate nominal must be singular; if PRO is controlled by a plural antecedent, as in (6b), then the predicate nominal must be plural.
765:(3) a. John promised Mary to examine the patient. b. John promised Mary . (adapted from: Koopman, Sportiche and Stabler 2014: 247 (31))
928:). The examples in (6) show that the same contrast holds of PRO subjects: if PRO is controlled by a singular antecedent, in (6a) the subject of
2764:
if the tense (T) is shown, and is not empty (Ø). Also, movement of determiner phrases has only been illustrated when it is relevant, as in
1369:
In contexts where PRO is not obligatorily controlled, as in (13a), then when PRO does have an antecedent, the following restrictions hold:
834:
2344:
These principles allow control verbs to be explained by movement and what had previously been analyzed as PRO is instead treated as the
690:
548:
There are several independent pieces of linguistic theory which motivate the existence of PRO. The following four are reviewed here:
1081:
position of the TP (tense phrase). The (b) examples shows that, in exactly the same contexts, a null PRO subject is grammatical.
596:-clause, though not overtly expressed, is understood to be controlled by an argument of the main clause. In (1a), the subject of
1192:
1316:(bound variable) reading: in (12d) Bill expects himself (Bill) to win (the reading where Bill expects John to win is excluded);
1470:(14) a. They don't want b. They don't want you]]] c. They don't want you]]] (Radford 2004: 309 (61))
3241:
2354:
moves through several positions, and checks a θ-role at each landing site; this is shown in (24b). In this way, the chain of
472:
1102:(9) a. *It is not easy study physics]. b. It is not easy study physics]. (adapted from Martin 2001: 144 (13))
708:
2372:. In the movement analysis, multiple θ-role assignment does the same work as allowing obligatory control of a PRO subject.
960:
362:
3332:
734:
1141:
2993:
2842:
2451:. Since non-obligatory control occurs when movement is not permitted, it may be treated as an elsewhere case: little
681:, where the argument that controls PRO is the object of the main clause, and PRO is co-indexed with its antecedent
322:
3301:
1129:
972:
382:
327:
100:
571:
521:
357:
48:
720:
1441:
1153:
302:
168:
422:
128:
3399:
2448:
525:
3070:
2897:
465:
412:
312:
138:
3302:"Scrambling out of a control clause in Japanese: An argument against the Movement Theory of Control"
2938:
2671:
2470:
1030:
1015:. But it is also possible for PRO to have arbitrary reference; in this respect, PRO behaves like a
317:
260:
75:
1078:
905:
900:
Evidence that non-finite clauses have a phonologically null PRO subject comes from the fact that
802:) as an agent and a DP as a theme. However, in (3a), since no overt DP functions as the agent of
417:
255:
232:
1417:
keeping his sex life under control is necessary for electoral success. d. John thinks that
2933:
2484:
1309:
1295:
1207:
486:
367:
334:
287:
203:
183:
163:
65:
43:
38:
3366:
2474:
1635:
c. is . ((a) & (b) from
Koopman, Sportiche and Stabler, 2014: 247 (30), 251 (47))
2787:
2777:
1284:
529:
143:
3013:
1210:
of non-finite clauses. In both (10a) and (10b), PRO is the subject of the non-finite clause
2457:
inserted as a last resort measure to rescue the derivation if an overt subject is missing.
909:
671:
458:
387:
297:
178:
123:
20:
2305:(little pro). This alternative theory of control is in part motivated by adherence to the
1605:
whether experiencer arguments can control PRO in adjunct clauses (e.g., Romance languages)
701:
of examples (1) and (2) show how PRO occupies the subject position of non-finite clauses.
8:
2602:
2345:
228:
158:
133:
105:
3277:
3192:
3184:
3130:
3122:
3036:
2959:
2951:
2797:
2306:
1680:
901:
448:
427:
397:
352:
307:
275:
265:
153:
148:
3281:
3237:
3040:
2989:
2838:
2802:
2726:
2716:
2612:
2478:
2477:
control clause is incompatible with the movement theory of control as constructed in
2295:
1831:
851:
799:
579:
510:
502:
444:
292:
270:
213:
3134:
2963:
1821:'The brothers wished to be both invited.' (Sigurðsson and Sigursson, 2008: 410 (18))
1463:
does have an EPP feature, and that therefore PRO must move to Spec-TP, as in (14c).
3269:
3176:
3114:
3028:
2943:
2681:
1835:
1074:
678:
667:
392:
223:
218:
193:
188:
173:
3196:
659:] (adapted from: Koopman, Sportiche and Stabler 2014: 247 (29), 251 (47b))
3260:
Montrul, Silvina A. (1998). "The L2 acquisition of dative experiencer subjects".
2333:
1961:
1313:
754:
1688:'both' appears in the nominative masculine plural form. In (19), the quantifier
3273:
2792:
2660:
2632:
1562:, which in turn is necessary to satisfy the binding principles and have PRO be
1529:
586:
514:
506:
237:
3118:
536:
which is checked for by non-finite tense markers (T), for example the
English
3393:
1507:. Radford argues that an analysis that assigns an EPP feature to infinitival
1095:(8) a. *Kerry persuaded Sarah study physics]. b. Kerry persuaded Sarah
777:
3180:
2947:
2440:
is impossible to win at roulette. (adapted from
Hornstein 1999: 92)
942:(6) a. He wants b. They want (adapted from Radford 2004: 110)
666:
Since the argument that controls PRO in (1a) is the subject, this is called
1051:
872:, and in (4b) PRO functions as the antecedent for the impersonal reflexive
818:. The tree diagram (3) represents how PRO satisfies the theta criterion of
650:
promised Bill ] (2) a. John convinced Bill to sleep. b. John convinced
280:
70:
2317:
The movement theory of control is predicated on the following principles.
2650:
2622:
2403:
is equivalent to an indefinite or a definite pronoun (similar to
English
1865:
1839:
1563:
1008:
995:
work from the 1980s attempts to derive its existence from the PRO theorem
885:(4) a. It's important b. It's important (Radford 2004: 111)
750:
432:
407:
28:
3126:
2348:
of DP/NP-movement. Consider the example in (24): to derive (24a) the DP
2038:
the skydiving scares Pierre before even of {} LOC to.have been initiated
3188:
3102:
3032:
2955:
2761:
2379:(24) a. John hopes to leave. b. ]]]] (Hornstein 1999: 79)
1861:
1477:
Baltin argues against moving PRO to Spec-TP on this basis of so-called
1016:
694:
590:
498:
402:
85:
1421:
getting his resume in order is crucial and Bill does too. e. John
1019:. This is why, in terms of features, PRO may be described as follows:
1302:
505:(DP) without phonological content. As such, it is part of the set of
377:
372:
208:
198:
90:
80:
1579:(16) a. "to themselves be indicted" b. PRO]]]] c.
1343:
to win and Bill does too. (= Bill expects Bill to win) e. *John
600:
is understood to be the same person that issued the promise, namely
3213:
Baltin, Mark (1995). "Floating
Quantifiers, PRO and predication".
3014:"Icelandic case-marked PRO and the licensing of lexical arguments"
1513:(and so forces movement of PRO to Spec-TP), can still account for
2782:
1383:
under non-obligatory control, PRO allows split antecedents, (13e)
1319:
obligatorily controlled PRO may not have split antecedents,(12e).
1181:
The distribution of PRO is constrained by the following factors:
1012:
1956:'Without knowing why, Juan likes María.' (Montrul 1998: 32 (12))
509:. The null pronoun PRO is postulated in the subject position of
2924:
Roger, Martin (2001). "Null Case and the
Distribution of PRO".
1825:
1525:
619:
is understood to be the same person that was convinced, namely
575:
95:
3232:
Koopman, Hilda; Sportiche, Dominique; Stabler, Edward (2014).
3101:
Sigurðsson, Halldór Ármann; Sigursson, Halldór Ármann (2008).
2833:
Sportiche, Dominique; Koopman, Hilda; Stabler, Edward (2014).
1642:
In (17a) above, the subject of the verb in the main clause (
1357:
to wash themselves/each other. (Hornstein 1999: 73)
1331:
to shave himself. b. *John thinks that it was expected
1118:), and that the only DP compatible with such a case is PRO.
998:
recent work emphasizes the connection of PRO with weak case
641:(1) a. John promised Bill to control the situation. b.
589:
of sentences such as (1) and (2), where the subject of the
2163:
Amelie scares the students before even of {} them to.meet
1953:
without {} to.know why to Juan.DAT 3S.DAT likes María.NOM
1206:
The examples in (10) show that PRO is grammatical as the
3306:
2447:
In addition, non-obligatory control and movement are in
2274:
Amelie scares the students before even of {} her to.meet
1380:
NOC only allows strict interpretation with VP ellipsis.)
1216:. In (10a), the antecedent of PRO is the matrix subject
3231:
2832:
2420:’s shaving is important. b. It is impossible for
1188:
PRO can be controlled by a subject or object antecedent
1088:(7) a. *Kerry attempted study physics]. b. Kerry
1590:
1483:
contraction, illustrated in (15): placing PRO between
1201:
1007:
The interpretation of PRO may be dependent on another
2902:
Minimalist Syntax: Exploring the structure of English
2864:
Lectures on Government and Binding: The Pisa Lectures
3167:Hornstein, Norbert (1999). "Movement and Control".
3100:
2481:by Takano and Fujii. Imoaka argues for a theory of
2436:’s is believed that shaving is important. b. *
1335:to shave himself. c. *John’s campaign expects
1185:PRO can only be the subject of a non-finite clause
627:with PRO, which indicates that the PRO subject of
608:with PRO, which indicates that the PRO subject of
532:because it is the only item that is able to carry
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
2424:to win at roulette. (26) a. It is believed that
2339:
1848:'know' introduces the dative experiencer subject
1532:∅, and then having this compound cliticise onto
3391:
3234:An Introduction to Syntactic Analysis and Theory
2835:An Introduction to Syntactic Analysis and Theory
2428:shaving is important. b. It is impossible
2386:
1364:
677:, As shown in (2a), it is also possible to have
565:
2896:
2579:A:accusative D:dative DFT:default N:nominative
2290:
1970:controls the PRO-subject of the adjunct clause
1756:'The brothers disliked not being both elected.'
1675:
1406:shaving himself is important. c. Clinton’s
1246:to study physics. b. Kerry persuaded Sarah
3295:
3293:
3291:
3208:
3206:
3141:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
1912:
1061:Since PRO cannot be governed it cannot have a
3053:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2860:
2583:
1854:, and this DP controls the PRO in the phrase
1429:would be fun]]. (Hornstein 1999: 73)
466:
1826:Romance PRO controlled by Dative experiencer
1376:the antecedent need not c-command PRO,(13c);
1278:
1044:in governing category a pronominal must be
986:
585:Motivation for a PRO subject comes from the
3368:Some theoretical issues in Japanese control
3324:
3288:
3203:
2871:
1976:'before even having been initiated to it'.
1583:]]]] (Adapted from Radford 2004: 311)
604:. This is annotated in (1b) by co-indexing
3358:
3255:
3253:
3096:
3094:
3011:
3007:
3005:
2908:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2366:, as well as the Agent θ-role of the verb
1609:
1058:which states that PRO must be ungoverned.
623:. This is annotated in(2b) by co-indexing
473:
459:
3166:
3068:
2937:
2360:s satisfies the Agent θ-role of the verb
1668:, and PRO is interpreted as referring to
916:) requires a singular nominal predicate (
3107:Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
3062:
3021:Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
2988:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1842:experiencer subjects. In (20), the verb
1773:
1708:
1652:, so PRO is interpreted as referring to
1519:: the latter can be achieved by having
1440:
1373:the antecedent need not be local, (13b);
1339:to shave himself. d. John expects
1152:
1140:
1128:
971:
959:
833:
733:
719:
707:
3333:"Scrambling and the nature of movement"
3259:
3250:
3091:
3056:The theory of principles and parameters
3002:
2983:
2815:
2285:
1935:
1263:solved the problem. b. *Sarah saw
1222:, and in (10b) it is the matrix object
1054:solves this paradox with the so-called
924:) requires a plural nominal predicate (
3392:
3330:
3299:
3212:
3054:Chomsky, Noam; Lasnik, Howard (1993).
3047:
2312:
1810:brothers.the.N.M.PL wished(for) it to
1628:promised Mary b. John convinced
1602:whether PRO has case (e.g., Icelandic)
1599:whether PRO lacks case (e.g., English)
1283:In contexts where PRO is obligatorily
1176:
1011:; in this respect PRO behaves like an
991:There are two main approaches to PRO:
3364:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2923:
2856:
2854:
2497:
1777:
1712:
543:
2492:
2153:effraye les étudiants avant même de
1973:avant même de PRO y avoir été initié
1191:PRO can lack an antecedent, i.e. be
1114:(assigned in English by infinitival
939:(5) a. They want b. He wants
895:
841:Note that for simplicity the adverb
363:Conservative and innovative language
2689:
1916:
1902:
1591:Cross-linguistic differences in PRO
1395:shaving was important. b. John
1312:, PRO can only be construed with a
1287:, the following restrictions hold:
1202:PRO as subject of non-finite clause
1160:Note that for simplicity negation (
1068:
1033:category, but a pronominal must be
13:
2970:
2851:
1769:
1436:
1291:PRO must have an antecedent (12a);
1164:) is omitted in this tree diagram.
744:
14:
3411:
1745:brothers.the.D.M.PL liked ill to
1267:. c. *Sarah saw pictures of
829:
776:is associated with the following
670:, and PRO is co-indexed with its
552:the extended projection principle
493:(called "big PRO", distinct from
1399:thinks that it is believed that
1073:It has been argued that PRO has
920:); in (5b), the plural subject (
443:
3374:(Ph.D.). University of Maryland
3225:
3071:"The Null Content of Null Case"
3069:Baltin, Mark; Barrett, Leslie.
2752:: Both the tense marker (under
1495:would block the contraction of
1294:the antecedent for PRO must be
2756:s) and the tensed verb (under
2340:Obligatory control as movement
1704:
1002:
1:
3078:NYU Department of Linguistics
2808:
2432:to win at roulette. (27) a. *
2416:(25) a. It is believed that
2387:Non-obligatory control as pro
1391:(13) a. It was believed that
1365:Non-obligatory control of PRO
1271:. (Martin 2001: 141)
572:extended projection principle
566:Extended projection principle
522:government and binding theory
3058:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
3012:Sigurðsson, Halldór (1991).
2460:
2291:A movement theory of control
1860:. (Dative experiencers (see
1676:Icelandic PRO is case-marked
303:Functional discourse grammar
169:Ethnography of communication
7:
3236:. p. Wiley Blackwell.
2771:
2736:indicates movement of WORD
2277:'Amelie scares the students
1864:) were also very common in
1092:attempted study physics].
1037:in its governing category:
423:Second-language acquisition
10:
3416:
3274:10.1191/026765898668810271
2904:. University of Cambridge.
2744:Syntactic abbreviation key
2584:Syntactic abbreviation key
2449:complementary distribution
2045:.' (Montrul 1998: 33 (13))
1664:is an action performed by
826:in the non-finite clause.
615:. In (2a), the subject of
526:complementary distribution
101:Syntax–semantics interface
3119:10.1007/s11049-008-9040-6
2984:Camacho, José A. (2013).
1327:(12) a. *It was expected
1279:Obligatory control of PRO
987:Theoretical status of PRO
772:In example (3), the verb
413:Philosophy of linguistics
313:Interactional linguistics
3365:Fujii, Tomohiro (2006).
3262:Second Language Research
2397:. In particular, little
2028:Le parachutisme effraye
1305:by the antecedent (12c);
1197:PRO may undergo movement
574:(EPP) requires that all
540:in control infinitives.
3181:10.1162/002438999553968
2948:10.1162/002438901554612
2746:for more information.)
2041:'Skydiving scares Peter
1742:Bræðrunum likaði illa .
1610:English PRO is caseless
1410:campaign believes that
2861:Chomsky, Noam (1981).
2252:
2244:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2170:scares the students .'
2139:
2131:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2057:
2020:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1930:
1922:
1908:
1890:
1882:
1875:
1807:Bræðurnir æsktu þess .
1799:
1791:
1783:
1764:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1699:
1448:
1259:(11) a. *Pam believes
1165:
1148:
1136:
1048:in governing category
979:
967:
908:with the subject of a
846:
794:Accordingly, the verb
741:
727:
715:
487:generative linguistics
250:Theoretical frameworks
204:Philosophy of language
184:History of linguistics
3331:Takano, Yuji (2009).
2788:Binding (linguistics)
2778:Control (linguistics)
2633:Complementizer phrase
1857:sin PRO saber por qué
1838:can be controlled by
1446:Tree diagram for (14)
1444:
1158:Tree Diagram for (9b)
1156:
1146:Tree Diagram for (8b)
1144:
1134:Tree Diagram for (7b)
1132:
977:Tree Diagram for (6a)
975:
965:Tree Diagram for (5a)
963:
839:Tree Diagram for (4b)
837:
737:
723:
711:
697:'to'). The following
144:Conversation analysis
3300:Imoaka, Ako (2011).
2867:. Mouton de Gruyter.
2727:present tense marker
2286:Alternative theories
810:in the sentence and
739:Tree Diagram for (3)
725:Tree Diagram for (2)
713:Tree Diagram for (1)
388:Internet linguistics
298:Construction grammar
2837:. Wiley Blackwell.
2603:Inflectional phrase
2469:Imoaka argues that
2313:Working assumptions
1177:Distribution of PRO
1040:an anaphor must be
555:the theta criterion
501:") is a pronominal
323:Systemic functional
118:Applied linguistics
60:General linguistics
3340:Nanzan Linguistics
3215:Linguistic Inquiry
3169:Linguistic Inquiry
3033:10.1007/bf00134679
2926:Linguistic Inquiry
2798:Non-finite clauses
2498:Morpheme gloss key
2307:minimalist program
1645:John promised Mary
1449:
1256:to study physics.
1166:
1149:
1137:
1063:governing category
980:
968:
902:predicate nominals
852:Reflexive pronouns
847:
742:
728:
716:
544:Motivation for PRO
511:non-finite clauses
497:, "small pro" or "
428:Theory of language
398:Origin of language
353:Autonomy of syntax
308:Grammaticalization
154:Discourse analysis
149:Corpus linguistics
3400:Generative syntax
3243:978-1-4051-0016-8
3103:"The Case of PRO"
2803:Determiner phrase
2766:Tree Diagram (10)
2740:
2739:
2717:past tense marker
2687:
2686:
2613:Determiner phrase
2576:
2575:
2493:Abbreviation keys
2445:
2444:
2384:
2383:
2329:
2328:
2296:Norbert Hornstein
1658:, while in (17b)
1640:
1639:
1588:
1587:
1554:
1553:
1475:
1474:
1434:
1433:
1362:
1361:
1276:
1275:
1170:
1169:
1107:
1106:
984:
983:
947:
946:
896:Nominal agreement
890:
889:
800:determiner phrase
783:examine: V <DP
770:
769:
732:
731:
691:surface sentences
664:
663:
561:nominal agreement
503:determiner phrase
483:
482:
271:Distributionalism
214:Psycholinguistics
3407:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3337:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3297:
3286:
3285:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3164:
3139:
3138:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2981:
2968:
2967:
2941:
2921:
2906:
2905:
2894:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2830:
2762:infinitival form
2694:
2693:
2690:Tree diagram key
2682:Adjective Phrase
2588:
2587:
2502:
2501:
2412:
2411:
2375:
2374:
2320:
2319:
2177:
1937:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1617:
1616:
1575:
1574:
1545:(15) They don't
1541:
1540:
1466:
1465:
1387:
1386:
1323:
1322:
1231:
1230:
1213:to study physics
1125:
1124:
1099:study physics].
1084:
1083:
1069:Null case of PRO
956:
955:
935:
934:
881:
880:
798:must have a DP (
761:
760:
704:
703:
637:
636:
507:empty categories
475:
468:
461:
447:
393:LGBT linguistics
383:Internationalism
358:Compositionality
219:Sociolinguistics
194:Neurolinguistics
189:Interlinguistics
174:Ethnomethodology
16:
15:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3298:
3289:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3230:
3226:
3211:
3204:
3165:
3142:
3099:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3052:
3048:
3016:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2982:
2971:
2939:10.1.1.569.2341
2922:
2909:
2898:Radford, Andrew
2895:
2872:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2831:
2816:
2811:
2774:
2708:empty category
2700:Interpretation
2692:
2672:Negation Phrase
2594:Interpretation
2586:
2581:
2508:Interpretation
2500:
2495:
2463:
2441:
2389:
2380:
2342:
2334:null hypothesis
2325:
2315:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2270:
2263:
2260:Amélie effraye
2258:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2160:les rencontrer.
2159:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2044:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1958:
1950:le gusta María.
1949:
1939:
1928:
1920:
1906:
1898:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1828:
1823:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1762:
1758:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1697:
1678:
1636:
1634:
1627:
1612:
1593:
1584:
1550:
1471:
1439:
1437:Movement of PRO
1430:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1281:
1272:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1204:
1179:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1071:
1049:
1023:
1005:
989:
943:
940:
898:
886:
832:
825:
822:by being the DP
817:
809:
792:
790:
786:
766:
755:theta criterion
749:Every verb has
747:
745:Theta criterion
668:subject control
660:
658:
649:
630:co-refers with
611:co-refers with
568:
546:
479:
438:
437:
348:
340:
339:
251:
243:
242:
238:Writing systems
129:Anthropological
119:
111:
110:
61:
53:
12:
11:
5:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3386:
3385:
3357:
3323:
3287:
3249:
3242:
3224:
3202:
3140:
3113:(2): 403–450.
3090:
3061:
3046:
3027:(2): 327–364.
3001:
2994:
2969:
2932:(1): 141–166.
2907:
2870:
2850:
2843:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2793:Empty category
2790:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2770:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2661:Auxiliary verb
2658:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2462:
2459:
2443:
2442:
2415:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2341:
2338:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2314:
2311:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2278:
2271:la rencontrer.
2268:
2264:avant même de
2261:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2157:
2150:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1945:
1929:
1921:
1907:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1827:
1824:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1677:
1674:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1530:complementizer
1528:onto the null
1473:
1472:
1469:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1150:
1138:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1070:
1067:
1052:Chomsky (1981)
1039:
1021:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
988:
985:
982:
981:
969:
945:
944:
941:
938:
897:
894:
888:
887:
884:
831:
830:Binding theory
828:
823:
815:
807:
788:
784:
782:
768:
767:
764:
753:and under the
746:
743:
730:
729:
717:
679:object control
662:
661:
654:
645:
640:
587:grammaticality
567:
564:
563:
562:
559:
558:binding theory
556:
553:
545:
542:
515:binding theory
481:
480:
478:
477:
470:
463:
455:
452:
451:
440:
439:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
418:Prescriptivism
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
332:
331:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
285:
284:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:
235:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
52:
51:
46:
41:
35:
32:
31:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3412:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3207:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3095:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3006:
2997:
2995:9781107034105
2991:
2987:
2986:Null Subjects
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2855:
2846:
2844:9781405100175
2840:
2836:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:Tense phrase
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2487:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1768:brothers.the.
1766:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1703:brothers.the.
1701:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1420:
1413:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1353:
1342:
1338:
1334:
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1266:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1235:(10) a. Kerry
1233:
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1221:
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1215:
1214:
1209:
1196:
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1190:
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1174:
1163:
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1126:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
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1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
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1018:
1014:
1010:
997:
994:
993:
992:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
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954:
952:
937:
936:
933:
931:
927:
923:
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853:
844:
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836:
827:
821:
813:
805:
801:
797:
781:
779:
778:lexical entry
775:
763:
762:
759:
756:
752:
740:
736:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:
702:
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699:tree diagrams
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684:
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673:
669:
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648:
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629:
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583:
581:
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560:
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551:
550:
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541:
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531:
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368:Descriptivism
366:
364:
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344:
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336:
335:Structuralism
333:
329:
326:
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318:Prague circle
316:
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164:Documentation
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139:Computational
137:
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107:
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50:
47:
45:
42:
40:
37:
36:
34:
33:
30:
27:
26:
22:
18:
17:
3376:. Retrieved
3367:
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3343:
3339:
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3309:
3305:
3268:(1): 27–61.
3265:
3261:
3233:
3227:
3218:
3214:
3175:(1): 69–96.
3172:
3168:
3110:
3106:
3081:. Retrieved
3077:
3064:
3055:
3049:
3024:
3020:
2985:
2929:
2925:
2901:
2863:
2834:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2697:Abbreviation
2591:Abbreviation
2578:
2505:Abbreviation
2482:
2464:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2398:
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2368:
2367:
2362:
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2349:
2343:
2330:
2316:
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2300:
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2273:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2192:
2184:
2165:
2162:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2058:
2048:
2040:
2037:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1994:
1992:parachutisme
1986:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1911:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1877:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1829:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1767:
1755:
1750:
1749:be not both.
1746:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1721:
1702:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1594:
1580:
1568:
1567:
1564:coreferenced
1558:
1557:
1555:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1418:
1411:
1400:
1392:
1368:
1351:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1301:PRO must be
1282:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1193:uncontrolled
1180:
1171:
1161:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1072:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1006:
990:
976:
964:
950:
948:
929:
926:millionaires
925:
921:
917:
913:
899:
891:
874:
873:
868:
867:
862:
861:
856:
855:
848:
842:
838:
819:
811:
803:
795:
793:
773:
771:
748:
738:
724:
712:
687:
682:
674:
665:
655:
651:
646:
642:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
584:
569:
547:
537:
533:
519:
494:
490:
484:
281:Glossematics
261:Constituency
233:interpreting
71:Lexicography
3083:12 November
2651:Verb phrase
2623:Noun phrase
2556:Nominative
2516:Accusative
2253:rencontrer.
2140:rencontrer.
1866:Old English
1834:clauses in
1787:wished(for)
1310:VP ellipsis
1303:c-commanded
1056:PRO theorem
1009:noun phrase
1003:PRO theorem
918:millionaire
845:is omitted.
812:the patient
751:theta roles
695:infinitival
591:infinitival
528:with overt
433:Terminology
408:Orthography
328:Usage-based
229:Translating
124:Acquisition
29:Linguistics
3378:30 October
3350:30 October
3316:27 October
3221:: 199–248.
2809:References
2548:Masculine
2529:DFT or dft
2471:scrambling
1862:Theta role
1569:themselves
1559:themselves
1285:controlled
1239:attempted
1017:pronominal
672:antecedent
499:little pro
403:Orismology
288:Functional
276:Generative
266:Dependency
86:Pragmatics
76:Morphology
66:Diachronic
3282:145668459
3041:189901798
2934:CiteSeerX
2572:Singular
2540:Feminine
2473:out of a
2461:Criticism
2087:étudiants
2024:initiated
1995:skydiving
1765:Bræðurnir
1700:Bræðrunum
1681:Icelandic
1549:see you.
1526:cliticise
1425:told Mary
1347:told Mary
1112:null case
1079:specifier
1031:governing
914:their son
814:as the DP
534:null case
378:Iconicity
373:Etymology
293:Cognitive
256:Formalist
209:Phonetics
199:Philology
91:Semantics
81:Phonology
3394:Category
3346:: 75–104
3135:55126035
3127:20533009
2964:30326385
2900:(2004).
2772:See also
2553:N or nom
2532:Default
2521:D or dat
2485:Deletion
2483:Equi-NP
2479:Japanese
2203:students
2090:students
1814:be both.
1661:to sleep
1621:(17) a.
922:his sons
854:such as
843:properly
530:subjects
179:Forensic
159:Distance
106:Typology
21:a series
19:Part of
3189:4179050
2956:4179140
2783:Pronoun
2733:Ø(WORD)
2663:phrase
2564:Plural
2524:Dative
2256:to.meet
2190:effraye
2166:'Amelie
2143:to.meet
2071:effraye
2054:(22) a.
2000:effraye
1836:Spanish
1832:adjunct
1830:PRO in
1818:invited
1803:invited
1753:elected
1738:elected
1498:want+to
1208:subject
1029:in its
1022:PRO =
1013:anaphor
910:copular
875:oneself
869:myself'
863:oneself
820:examine
804:examine
796:examine
774:examine
598:control
580:subject
578:have a
576:clauses
520:Within
134:Applied
44:History
39:Outline
3280:
3240:
3197:593044
3195:
3187:
3133:
3125:
3039:
2992:
2962:
2954:
2936:
2841:
2240:
2211:before
2193:scares
2185:Amelie
2182:Amélie
2148:Amélie
2127:
2098:before
2074:scares
2066:Amelie
2059:Amélie
2030:Pierre
2016:Pierre
2009:Pierre
2003:scares
1967:Pierre
1962:French
1934:María.
1931:María.
1840:dative
1751:N.M.PL
1719:likaði
1314:sloppy
1308:under
1298:(12b);
951:become
857:myself
449:Portal
347:Topics
96:Syntax
3372:(PDF)
3342:. 1.
3336:(PDF)
3278:S2CID
3217:. 1.
3193:S2CID
3185:JSTOR
3171:. 1.
3131:S2CID
3123:JSTOR
3109:. 2.
3074:(PDF)
3037:S2CID
3023:. 2.
3017:(PDF)
2960:S2CID
2952:JSTOR
2928:. 1.
2742:(See
2723:Øpres
2713:Øpast
2475:split
2369:leave
2346:trace
2208:avant
2095:avant
1926:likes
1923:gusta
1901:Juan.
1845:saber
1784:æsktu
1722:liked
1690:báðum
1686:báðir
1648:) is
1566:with
1547:wanna
1516:wanna
1504:wanna
1501:into
1480:wanna
1296:local
1225:Sarah
1219:Kerry
1042:bound
1027:bound
906:agree
904:must
824:agent
816:theme
808:agent
791:>
789:theme
785:agent
617:sleep
49:Index
3380:2014
3352:2014
3318:2014
3238:ISBN
3085:2014
2990:ISBN
2839:ISBN
2750:Note
2668:NegP
2657:AUXP
2438:Bill
2434:Bill
2422:Bill
2418:Bill
2363:hope
2357:John
2351:John
2219:even
2216:même
2176:(22)
2135:them
2106:even
2103:même
1980:(21)
1943:Juan
1892:Juan
1872:(20)
1851:Juan
1816:D.PL
1792:þess
1761:(19)
1727:illa
1696:(18)
1670:Bill
1666:Bill
1655:John
1650:John
1630:Bill
1623:John
1535:want
1489:and
1486:want
1075:case
1046:free
1035:free
930:want
860:and
683:Bill
675:John
652:Bill
643:John
632:Bill
625:Bill
621:Bill
613:John
606:John
602:John
570:The
231:and
224:Text
3312:(1)
3270:doi
3177:doi
3115:doi
3029:doi
2944:doi
2678:AjP
2454:pro
2430:pro
2426:pro
2406:one
2400:pro
2394:pro
2302:pro
2266:PRO
2248:her
2233:PRO
2155:PRO
2132:les
2120:PRO
2082:the
2079:les
1987:the
1960:In
1936:NOM
1917:DAT
1903:DAT
1878:why
1868:.)
1730:ill
1581:PRO
1419:PRO
1412:PRO
1401:PRO
1393:PRO
1355:i+j
1352:PRO
1341:PRO
1337:PRO
1333:PRO
1329:PRO
1269:PRO
1265:PRO
1261:PRO
1251:PRO
1241:PRO
1162:not
495:pro
491:PRO
485:In
3396::
3338:.
3310:17
3308:.
3304:.
3290:^
3276:.
3266:14
3264:.
3252:^
3219:26
3205:^
3191:.
3183:.
3173:30
3143:^
3129:.
3121:.
3111:26
3105:.
3093:^
3076:.
3035:.
3019:.
3004:^
2972:^
2958:.
2950:.
2942:.
2930:32
2910:^
2873:^
2853:^
2817:^
2768:.
2647:VP
2639:TP
2629:CP
2619:NP
2609:DP
2599:IP
2569:SG
2561:PL
2336:.
2309:.
2281:.'
2245:la
2227:of
2224:de
2178:b.
2114:of
2111:de
1984:Le
1941:A
1913:3S
1909:le
1886:to
1795:it
1778:PL
1713:PL
1572:.
1538:.
1522:to
1510:to
1492:to
1460:to
1454:to
1116:to
787:DP
780::
685:.
634:.
594:to
538:to
517:.
489:,
23:on
3382:.
3354:.
3344:5
3320:.
3284:.
3272::
3246:.
3199:.
3179::
3137:.
3117::
3087:.
3043:.
3031::
3025:9
2998:.
2966:.
2946::
2847:.
2758:V
2754:T
2705:Ø
2545:M
2537:F
2513:A
2279:i
2269:j
2262:j
2236:j
2199:j
2168:i
2158:i
2151:i
2123:i
2062:i
2043:i
2035:.
2033:i
2021:.
2012:i
1947:i
1915:.
1896:i
1883:A
1812:D
1800:.
1776:.
1774:M
1772:.
1770:N
1747:N
1735:.
1711:.
1709:M
1707:.
1705:D
1633:k
1626:j
1427:j
1423:i
1415:i
1408:i
1404:i
1397:i
1349:j
1345:i
1254:j
1248:j
1244:i
1237:i
1097:j
1090:i
656:k
647:j
474:e
467:t
460:v
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