Polytetrafluoroethylene

1163: 1433: 1951:. Fayetteville Works was the site where DuPont began manufacture of PFOA after the lawsuit in Parkersburg WV halted their production there. When EPA asked companies to voluntarily phase out PFOA production, it was replaced by GenX in Fayetteville Works. In June of 2017, The Wilmington Star-News broke the story that GenX was found in the Cape Fear River – the drinking water supply for 500,000 people. The source of the pollution was determined to be the Fayetteville Works site, which had been run by DuPont since its founding in 1971 and then managed by DuPont spinoff, The Chemours Company, since 2015. The water utility confirmed they had no ability to filter these chemicals from the drinking water. 607:. The gas in its pressure bottle stopped flowing before the bottle's weight had dropped to the point signaling "empty". John J. Beall (chemist), noticing a weight differential in his test cylinder, brought it to the attention of Roy Plunkett. The chemists in the lab sawed the bottle apart and found the bottle's interior coated with a waxy white material that was oddly slippery. Analysis showed that it was polymerized perfluoroethylene, with the iron from the inside of the container having acted as a catalyst at high pressure. Kinetic Chemicals patented the new fluorinated plastic (analogous to the already known 90: 1955:

Cape Fear Basin for decades. A small nonprofit called Cape Fear River Watch sued NC DEQ for not taking swifter and stronger action, and sued the polluter, Chemours, for violations of the Clean Water Act and the Toxic Substances Control Act. The result was a Consent Order, signed February 25, 2019 by Cape Fear River Watch, NC DEQ, and Chemours. The order has required Chemours to stop wastewater discharge, air emissions, groundwater discharge, sampling and filtration options to well users, and required sampling that proved there were upwards of 300 distinct PFAS compounds being released from Fayetteville Works.

273: 203: 81: 5400: 834: 379: 5178: 564: 1364: 1110: 556: 5406: 1964: 572: 856:, which is a white solid at room temperature, with a density of about 2200 kg/m and a melting point of 600 K (327 °C; 620 °F). It maintains high strength, toughness and self-lubrication at low temperatures down to 5 K (−268.2 °C; −450.7 °F), and good flexibility at temperatures above 194 K (−79.15 °C; −110.5 °F). PTFE gains its properties from the aggregate effect of 4600: 5188: 1863:(PFOS) have been estimated to be in every American person's blood stream in the parts per billion range, though those concentrations have decreased by 70% for PFOA and 84% for PFOS between 1999 and 2014, which coincides with the end of the production and phase out of PFOA and PFOS in the US. The general population has been exposed to PFOA through massive dumping of C8 waste into the ocean and near the 584: 1396: 437: 384: 1276:

debulking (vacuum removal of air from between layers of laid-up plies of material) and when curing the composite, usually in an autoclave. The PTFE, used here as a film, prevents the non-production materials from sticking to the part being built, which is sticky due to the carbon-graphite or fiberglass plies being pre-pregnated with

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conducted studies on the population of Parkersburg, WV surrounding the (former DuPont) Chemours Washington Works chemical plant that was exposed to PFOA at levels greater than in the general population. The studies concluded that there was an association between PFOA exposure and six health outcomes:

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Granular PTFE is produced via suspension polymerization, where PTFE is suspended in an aqueous medium primarily via agitation and sometimes with the use of a surfactant. PTFE is also synthesized via emulsion polymerization, where a surfactant is the primary means of keeping PTFE in an aqueous medium.

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PTFE is used in some aerosol lubricant sprays, including in micronized and polarized form. It is notable for its extremely low coefficient of friction, its hydrophobia (which serves to inhibit rust), and for the dry film it forms after application, which allows it to resist collecting particles that

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PTFE film is also widely used in the production of carbon fiber composites as well as fiberglass composites, notably in the aerospace industry. PTFE film is used as a barrier between the carbon or fiberglass part being built, and breather and bagging materials used to incapsulate the bondment when

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Processing PTFE can be difficult and expensive, because the high melting temperature, 327 °C (621 °F), is above the decomposition temperature. Even when molten, PTFE does not flow due to its exceedingly high melt-viscosity. The viscosity and melting point can be decreased by inclusion of

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The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NC DEQ) records indicate that DuPont started release PFAS into the area beginning in 1976 with the production of Nafion, and that PFAS including GenX had been released as a byproduct of the production of Vinyl Ethers since 1980, exposing the

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and stain-resistant fabric coatings, but non-stick cookware was not found to be a major source of exposure, as the PFOA is burned off during the manufacturing process and not present in the finished product. Non-stick coated cookware has not been manufactured using PFOA since 2013, and PFOA is no

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is one example of radiation processing. Cross-linked PTFE has improved high-temperature mechanical properties and radiation stability. That was significant because, for many years, irradiation at ambient conditions has been used to break down PTFE for recycling. This radiation-induced

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Because of its chemical and thermal properties, PTFE is often used as a gasket material within industries that require resistance to aggressive chemicals such as pharmaceuticals or chemical processing. However, until the 1990s, PTFE was not known to crosslink like an

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These retain the useful PTFE properties of low friction and nonreactivity, but are also more easily formable. For example, FEP is softer than PTFE and melts at 533 K (260 °C; 500 °F); it is also highly transparent and resistant to sunlight.

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An animal study conducted in 1955 concluded that it is unlikely that these products would be generated in amounts significant to health at temperatures below 250 °C (482 °F). Above those temperatures the degradation by-products can be lethal to

657:, who had been using the substance on scientific utensils, marketed the first US-made PTFE-coated pan, "The Happy Pan", in 1961. Non-stick cookware has since become a common household product, now offered by hundreds of manufacturers across the world. 1668:

PTFE is widely used as a non-stick coating for food processing equipment; dough hoppers, mixing bowls, conveyor systems, rollers, and chutes. PTFE can also be reinforced where abrasion is present – for equipment processing seeded or grainy dough for

1092:. Here, fine powdered PTFE is forced into a mould under high pressure (10–100 MPa). After a settling period, lasting from minutes to days, the mould is heated at 360 to 380 °C (680 to 716 °F), allowing the fine particles to fuse ( 1693:

PTFE foils are commonly used with laserprinters everywhere, in their fuser unit, wrapped around the heater element(s) and as well on the opposite pressure roller to prevent any kind of sticking to it (neither the printed paper nor toner

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The major application of PTFE, consuming about 50% of production, is for the insulation of wiring in aerospace and computer applications (e.g. hookup wire, coaxial cables). This application exploits the fact that PTFE has excellent

1310:, and in industrial pipe lines, particularly in applications using acids, alkalis, or other chemicals. Its frictionless qualities allow improved flow of highly viscous liquids, and for uses in applications such as brake hoses. 1778:

before a temperature of 260 °C (500 °F) is reached. A 1973 study by DuPont's Haskell Laboratory found that a 4-hour exposure to the fumes emitted by PTFE cookware heated to 280 °C (536 °F) was lethal for

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Ellis, D.A.; Mabury, S.A.; Martin, J.W.; Muir, D.C.G.; Mabury, S.A.; Martin, J.W.; Muir, D.C.G. (2001). "Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment".

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Its high corrosion resistance makes PTFE useful in laboratory environments, where it is used for lining containers, as a coating for magnetic stirrers, and as tubing for highly corrosive chemicals such as

1797:). Concerning levels of PFOA have been found in the blood of people who work in or live near factories where the chemical is used, and in people regularly exposed to PFOA-containing products such as some 644:

In 1954, Colette Grégoire urged her husband, the French engineer Marc Grégoire, to try the material he had been using on fishing tackle on her cooking pans. He subsequently created the first PTFE-coated,

872:. At temperatures above 650–700 °C (1,200–1,290 °F) PTFE undergoes depolymerization. However, it begins to decompose at about 260 °C (500 °F) through 350 °C (662 °F), and 3907:

Griffith, Franklin D.; Stephens, Susan S.; Tayfun, Figen O. (April 1973). "Exposure of Japanese Quail and Parakeets to the Pyrolysis Products of Fry Pans Coated with Teflon® and Common Cooking Oils".

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It is used as a film interface patch for sports and medical applications, featuring a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing, which is installed in strategic high friction areas of footwear, insoles,

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near PTFE components. PTFE-coated cookware is unlikely to reach dangerous temperatures with normal use, as meat is usually fried between 204 and 232 °C (399 and 450 °F), and most

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PTFE is also used to make body jewellery as it's much safer to wear compared to materials like acrylic, that release toxics into the body at 26.6 °C, unlike PTFE at 650–700 °C.

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frequencies. Combined with its high melting temperature, this makes it the material of choice as a high-performance substitute for the weaker, higher dispersion and lower-melting-point

1549:) due to PTFE's capability to diffuse a transmitting light nearly perfectly. Moreover, optical properties of PTFE stay constant over a wide range of wavelengths, from UV down to near 1294:, US, was one of the largest applications of PTFE coatings. 20 acres (81,000 m) of the material was used in the creation of the white double-layered PTFE-coated fiberglass dome. 1049:. Because of the propensity to creep, the long-term performance of such seals is worse than for elastomers that exhibit zero, or near-zero, levels of creep. In critical applications, 4107: 383: 770:) and carbon, a special apparatus is required for the polymerization to prevent hot spots that might initiate this dangerous side reaction. The process is typically initiated with 1029:

cannot stick. In addition, PTFE can be used to prevent insects from climbing up surfaces painted with the material. For example, PTFE is used to prevent ants from climbing out of

1826:, as well as producing longer chain polyfluoro- and/or polychlorofluoro- (C3-C14) carboxylic acids which may be equally persistent. These products can accumulate in evaporative 1716:

While PTFE is stable at lower temperatures, it begins to deteriorate at temperatures of about 260 °C (500 °F), it decomposes above 350 °C (662 °F), and

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Wapler, M. C.; Leupold, J.; Dragonu, I.; von Elverfeldt, D.; Zaitsev, M.; Wallrabe, U. (2014). "Magnetic properties of materials for MR engineering, micro-MR and beyond".

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It is used as a coating for medical and healthcare applications formulated to provide strength and heat resistance to surgical devices and other medical equipment.

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Puts, Gerard J.; Crouse, Philip; Ameduri, Bruno M. (28 January 2019). "Polytetrafluoroethylene: Synthesis and Characterization of the Original Extreme Polymer".

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and have been found in the roots and seeds of wetland plant species, but has not been observed to have an adverse impact on plant health or germination success.

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resin. Non-production materials such as Teflon, Airweave Breather and the bag itself would be considered F.O.D. (foreign object debris/damage) if left in layup.

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It can be stretched to contain small pores of varying sizes and is then placed between fabric layers to make a waterproof, breathable fabric in outdoor apparel.

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from air streams in applications involving high temperatures and high particulate loads such as coal-fired power plants, cement production and steel foundries.

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of plastics is usually measured against polished steel. PTFE's coefficient of friction is 0.05 to 0.10, which is the third-lowest of any known solid material (

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PTFE architectural membranes are created by coating a woven glass-fibre base cloth with PTFE, forming one of the strongest and most durable materials used in

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Sun, J.Z.; et al. (1994). "Modification of polytetrafluoroethylene by radiation—1. Improvement in high temperature properties and radiation stability".

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PFOA persists indefinitely in the environment. PFOA has been detected in the blood of many individuals of the general US population in the low and sub-

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PTFE is used to make bookbinding tools for folding, scoring and separating sheets of paper. These are typically referred to as Teflon bone folders.

4383: 2244: 407: 1783:, although that was a higher temperature than the 260 °C (500 °F) required for fumes from pyrolyzed butter to be lethal to the birds. 2270: 4281:"Evaluation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in Sprague–Dawley rats" 4004: 1758:

Most cases of polymer fume fever in humans occur due to smoking PTFE-contaminated tobacco, although cases have occurred in people who have

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are often used to apply continuous force to PTFE gaskets, thereby ensuring a minimal loss of performance over the lifetime of the gasket.

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Trudel D, Horowitz L, Wormuth M, Scheringer M, Cousins IT, Hungerbühler K (April 2008). "Estimating consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA".

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PTFE tubes are used in gas-gas heat exchangers in gas cleaning of waste incinerators. Unit power capacity is typically several megawatts.

1412: 1162: 2966: 2818: 1561:. Thus PTFE enables cosinusoidal angular response for a detector measuring the power of optical radiation at a surface, e.g. in solar 1553:. In this region, the ratio of its regular transmittance to diffuse transmittance is negligibly small, so light transmitted through a 3680: 1405: 1432: 1940:, such as Teflon-brand PTFE. However, in lab tests on rats, GenX has been shown to cause many of the same health problems as PFOA. 1527:

Powdered PTFE is used in a suspension with a low-viscosity, azeotropic mixture of siloxane ethers to create a lubricant for use in

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over ecotoxicological and health issues. Dupont's spin-off Chemours today manufactures PTFE using an alternative chemical it calls

445: 520:, PTFE reduces friction, wear, and energy consumption of machinery. It is used as a graft material in surgery and as a coating on 5724: 5148: 4055: 4452: 4439: 2848:

Blumm, J.; Lindemann, A.; Meyer, M.; Strasser, C. (2011). "Characterization of PTFE Using Advanced Thermal Analysis Technique".

2321: 2143: 1936:, DuPont began to use GenX, a similarly fluorinated compound, as a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid in the manufacture of 3363: 2850: 3597: 860:, as do all fluorocarbons. The only chemicals known to affect these carbon-fluorine bonds are highly reactive metals like the 5607: 5080: 3584: 3263: 3135: 3022: 6066: 6017: 5986: 3511: 1933: 1879: 54:, and has numerous applications because it is chemically inert. The commonly known brand name of PTFE-based composition is 4082:"Welcome to Beautiful Parkersburg, West Virginia Home to one of the most brazen, deadly corporate gambits in U.S. history" 3945: 3805:

Zapp JA, Limperos G, Brinker KC (26 April 1955). "Toxicity of pyrolysis products of 'Teflon' tetrafluoroethylene resin".

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is a brand of expanded PTFE (ePTFE), a material incorporating a fluoropolymer membrane with micropores. The roof of the

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of firearms that uncoated projectiles would cause. PTFE itself does not give a projectile an armor-piercing property.

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Caverly Rae, JM; Craig, Lisa; Stone, Theodore W.; Frame, Steven R.; Buxton, L. William; Kennedy, Gerald L. (2015).

4081: 2644: 4397: 1651:, to isolate the contacts of the adjacent tooth so the restorative materials will not stick to the adjacent tooth. 457: 5709: 5249: 5144: 3434: 2425: 1604:

PTFE membrane filters are among the most efficient industrial air filters. PTFE-coated filters are often used in

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Koch, E.-C. (2002). "Metal-Fluorocarbon Pyrolants:III. Development and Application of Magnesium/Teflon/Viton".

1985: 1789:(PFOA), a chemical formerly used in the manufacture of PTFE products such as non-stick coated cookware, can be 1725: 1335: 1131: 660:

The brand name Zepel was used for promoting its stain-resistance and water-resistance when applied to fabrics.

618:, was producing over 910,000 kilograms (2,000,000 lb) of Teflon-brand polytetrafluoroethylene per year in 4235: 2578:"Tumorigenic activity of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Mechanistic in vitro studies" 2442: 3780: 1968: 1085:(HFP). These cause the otherwise perfectly linear PTFE chain to become branched, reducing its crystallinity. 540: 3850: 3824: 2371: 2222: 6163: 6108: 6056: 5976: 4864: 3997:

Emerging Contaminants Fact Sheet – Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)

1948: 1860: 1819: 1471:, and other medical devices to prevent and relieve friction-induced blisters, calluses and foot ulceration. 1287: 890: 818: 532: 230: 198: 6049: 5971: 5787: 5384: 4814: 4784: 4743: 3487:"PTFE & Industrial Non-Stick Fluoropolymer Coating Services | Delta Coatings & Linings, Inc" 2792: 2540: 251: 3970: 3725:

Dunn, WJ; et al. (2004). "Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape as a matrix in operative dentistry".

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PTFE thermal cover showing impact craters, from NASA's Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment (UHCRE) on the

6158: 5314: 5289: 5101: 4999: 1673: 1307: 1014: 619: 516:, so it is often used in containers and pipework for reactive and corrosive chemicals. Where used as a 2248: 2199: 1867:

Valley. PFOA has been detected in industrial waste, stain-resistant carpets, carpet cleaning liquids,

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Because of its extreme non-reactivity and high temperature rating, PTFE is often used as the liner in

6089: 5823: 5622: 5447: 5264: 5254: 5045: 4964: 4819: 4112: 2051: 1235:, seals, gaskets, bushings, and more applications with sliding action of parts, where it outperforms 1184: 1034: 3695: 3525:

Park, Junghyun; Rittiphairoj, Thanitsara; Wang, Xue; E, Jian-Yu; Bicket, Amanda K. (13 March 2023).

1538:, sheets of PTFE are used as measuring heads in spectroradiometers and broadband radiometers (e.g., 1454:

It is used widely as a fabric protector to repel stains on formal school-wear, like uniform blazers.

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because its low friction allows the extruder stepper motor to push filament through it more easily.

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range, and levels are higher in chemical plant employees and surrounding subpopulations. PFOA and

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Logo of Teflon, the commonly known brand name of PTFE-based compositions manufactured by Chemours

494: 31: 2826: 1755:), although in humans those symptoms disappear within a day or two of being moved to fresh air. 6138: 5898: 5776: 5531: 5259: 5217: 5015: 4779: 3464: 2035: 1979: 1839: 1786: 1605: 814: 536: 340: 67: 3307: 3270: 2953: 6113: 6078: 5782: 5427: 4929: 4362: 4261: 1823: 1331: 1327: 1204: 1192: 775: 741: 102: 4372:. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). 15 February 2018. 3282: 3202: 3125: 1720:

occurs at temperatures above 400 °C (752 °F). The main decomposition products are

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Handbook of Vinyl Polymers: Radical Polymerization, Process, and Technology, Second Edition

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R. J. Hunadi; K. Baum (1982). "Tetrafluoroethylene: A Convenient Laboratory Preparation".

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PTFE is often found in musical instrument lubrication products; most commonly, valve oil.

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Fluon, Poly(tetrafluoroethene), Poly(difluoromethylene), Poly(tetrafluoroethylene), teflon

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PTFE, associated with a slightly textured laminate, makes the plain bearing system of a

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PTFE and chemicals used in its production are some of the best-known and widely applied

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to reduce friction of the mouse against the mouse pad, resulting in a smoother glide.

1580: 1554: 1514: 1319: 1050: 900: 623: 509: 4220: 3371: 2940: 2777: 2709: 2602: 2577: 2506: 2093: 5964: 5659: 5561: 5536: 5468: 5334: 5329: 5274: 5075: 4904: 4899: 4839: 4506: 4486: 4308: 4300: 4200: 4155: 4147: 3916: 3881: 3593: 3554: 3542: 3538: 3060: 2920: 2867: 2749: 2697: 2597: 2548: 2524: 2484: 2476: 2405: 2005:, PTFE as a thermoplastic lining for dual laminate chemical process plant equipment 1598: 1236: 1200: 865: 679: 634: 567:

Advertisement for Zepel, the trade name used to market Teflon as a fabric treatment

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for pans and other cookware. It is non-reactive, partly because of the strength of

474: 290: 5739: 3049:"Effect of ultraviolet radiation on polytetrafluoroethylene: Morphology influence" 6128: 5828: 5814: 5679: 5566: 5556: 5324: 5181: 5112: 5095: 5025: 4989: 4934: 4919: 4914: 4834: 4748: 4579: 4538: 4304: 3486: 3253: 2429: 2288: 1975:

The Teflon trade name is also used for other polymers with similar compositions:

1904: 1733: 1655: 1648: 1188: 1045:, due to its chemical inertness. Therefore, it has no "memory" and is subject to 771: 592: 4262:"What is the difference between PFOA, PFOS and GenX and other replacement PFAS?" 3156: 2670: 2480: 5857: 5669: 5571: 5442: 5107: 5065: 5060: 5020: 4959: 4939: 4829: 4794: 4774: 4589: 3127:

Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook: Technology, Manufacturing and Applications

2348: 2284: 1704: 1475: 930: 838: 694: 673: 653:(combining "Tef" from "Teflon" and "al" from aluminium). In the United States, 646: 615: 498: 428: 414: 4108:"Toxic Secrets: Professor 'bragged about burying bad science' on 3M chemicals" 2985: 2924: 2871: 2753: 682:

of the surface to increase the energy and improve adhesion has been reported.

6102: 6044: 5851: 5637: 5627: 5617: 5521: 5422: 5344: 5294: 5090: 4969: 4824: 4809: 4789: 4712: 4236:"Evaluation of substances used in the GenX technology by Chemours, Dordrecht" 3920: 3550: 2761: 2528: 1967:

Teflon is also used as the trade name for a polymer with similar properties,

1937: 1892: 1767: 1630: 1583:, which will dissolve glass containers. It is used in containers for storing 1528: 1260: 1224: 1061: 850: 798: 327: 191: 47: 3888:. National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine 3611: 3203:"Polytetrafluoroethylene - Introduction, Production, Applications, and FAQs" 2519:

Carlson, D. Peter and Schmiegel, Walter (2000) "Fluoropolymers, Organic" in

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of PTFE, although several manufacturers have entirely discontinued its use.

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as a material to coat valves and seals in the pipes holding highly reactive

539:(PFOA, or C8) during production of PTFE, later discontinuing its use due to 5664: 5654: 5516: 5463: 5364: 5309: 5284: 5050: 4889: 4869: 4849: 4498: 4322: 4212: 4169: 3738: 3711: 3568: 3065:

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199605)7:5/6<493::AID-PAT536>3.0.CO;2-D

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It is frequently used as a lubricant to prevent captive insects and other

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Proceedings of the American Industrial Hygiene Association Annual Meeting

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In industrial applications, owing to its low friction, PTFE is used for

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while he was working in Chemours Chambers Works plant in New Jersey for

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Overall, PTFE cookware is considered a minor exposure pathway to PFOA.

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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was accidentally discovered in 1938 by

6012: 5918: 5888: 5758: 5319: 5304: 5279: 5115:(incl. The Playhouse on Rodney Square, formerly the DuPont Playhouse) 5030: 4490: 3636: 3598:

10.1002/1521-4087(200211)27:5<262::AID-PREP262>3.0.CO;2-8

2730:"PTFE-coated non-stick cookware and toxicity concerns: a perspective" 1780: 1717: 1658:

due to its non-stick properties and resistance to non-polar solvents.

1588: 1494: 1490: 1458: 1322:. Some notable structures featuring PTFE-tensioned membranes include 1208: 1093: 1078: 1042: 873: 821:(PFOS). More recently, Perfluoro 3,6 dioxaoctanoic acid (PFO2OA) and 806: 614:

By 1948, DuPont, which founded Kinetic Chemicals in partnership with

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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their

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Pierozan, Paula; Cattani, Daiane; Karlsson, Oskar (February 2022).

2029: 1944: 1616: 1550: 1502: 1486: 1283: 1256: 555: 521: 502: 482: 365: 219: 59: 5405: 3681:"Industrial Air Permits - New Clean Air Regulations And Baghouses" 2907: 2892: 2364:"Go, spot, go Teflon enters fashion world as a protective coating" 559:

Advertisement of the Happy Pan, a Teflon-coated pan from the 1960s

6061: 5938: 5839: 5741: 5233: 4629: 2443:"Corona Discharge Treatment - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 2002: 1827: 1798: 1759: 1629:

Many bicycle lubricants and greases contain PTFE and are used on

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Plasma Processes and Adhesive Bonding of Polytetrafluoroethylene

3781:"Fluoropolymer PTFE coating services from Surface Technology UK" 2206:, "Tetrafluoroethylene polymers", issued 4 February 1941 1963: 1363: 5085: 4684: 4669: 4644: 4639: 4614: 4561: 4182: 3047:

Ferry, Laurent; Gérard, Vigier; Bessede, Jean Luc (June 1996).

2797:(4, Revised ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 50. 1883: 1633:

and other moving parts subjected to frictional forces (such as

1619: 1264: 1017:(BAM) being the first, with a coefficient of friction of 0.02; 596: 478: 4599: 3946:"Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Teflon, and Related Chemicals" 3258:(2nd, illustrated, revised ed.). CRC Press. p. 574. 2819:"Reference Tables – Thermal Expansion Coefficients – Plastics" 1601:

in plumbing applications, largely replacing paste thread dope.

583: 4720: 4697: 4689: 4679: 4664: 4659: 4649: 4624: 4526:

PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) (Properties) | Fluorotherm.com

3418:

Fers à repasser semelle teflon - Fiche pratique - Le Parisien

1355:

might otherwise form an abrasive paste. Brands include GT85.

1240: 1037:

that alter the surface to allow adhesion to other materials.

1026: 650: 155: 4455:, Parker-TexLoc, 13 April 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2006. 4238:. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment ( 3847:"Key Safety Questions about the Safety of Nonstick Cookware" 3457:"Advantages and Disadvantages of Teflon-coated Covert Cloth" 1382:

The sole plates of some clothes irons are coated with PTFE.

256: 5299: 5202: 4634: 4239: 3696:"Using Plumber's Teflon Tape to Enhance Bonding Procedures" 2024: 1927: 1744: 1686:

PTFE is commonly used in aftermarket add-on mouse feet for

1623: 1498: 1474:

Expanded PTFE membranes have been used in trials to assist

1303: 1228: 631: 544: 210: 4278: 3229:"Roy J. Plunkett and the Discovery of Teflon | SciHi Blog" 2956:. MatWeb Material Property Data. Retrieved 1 January 2007. 4530: 1415:

any relevant information into other sections or articles.

756: 734:

Because tetrafluoroethylene can explosively decompose to

2021:, documentary on PFOA's health and environmental effects 1844:

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, or C8) has been used as a

1622:

in peripheral vascular disease if a suitable autologous

876:

occurs at temperatures above 400 °C (752 °F).

663:

In the 1990s, it was found that PTFE could be radiation

611:) in 1941, and registered the Teflon trademark in 1945. 501:

of fluorine. PTFE has one of the lowest coefficients of

3479: 2575: 667:

above its melting point in an oxygen-free environment.

4001:

National Service Center for Environmental Publications

3906: 1505:, and release large amounts of heat. They are used in 1060:(UV) transparent polymer. However, when exposed to an 744: 4467: 3821:"Key Safety Questions About Teflon Nonstick Coatings" 3524: 1255:

makes it an ideal material for fabricating long-life

1088:

Some PTFE parts are made by cold-moulding, a form of

825:(GenX) are being used as an alternative surfactants. 70:, which originally discovered the compound in 1938. 3514:. American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists. 1371:

PTFE is best known for its use in coating non-stick

599:. A team of Dupont chemists attempted to make a new 3804: 3012:"Using Belleville Springs To Maintain Bolt Preload" 2687: 2383: 2381: 1436:

PTFE tapes with pressure-sensitive adhesive backing

1025:means that it is the only known surface to which a 1021:being second-lowest at 0.05). PTFE's resistance to 4099: 3971:"The truth about teflon: are non-stick pans safe?" 3882:"Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) : 833" 3504: 3420:. Pratique.leparisien.fr. Retrieved on 2016-11-17. 3046: 2790: 1497:. Upon ignition, these mixtures form carbonaceous 762: 3079:"Cowie Technology – PTFE: High Thermal Stability" 2954:Coefficient of Friction (COF) Testing of Plastics 2728:Sajid, Muhammad; Ilyas, Muhammad (October 2017). 2466: 676:allows it to be more easily reground and reused. 6100: 4056:"The Lawyer Who Became Dupont's Worst Nightmare" 3660:"The World's Strongest Acids: Like Fire and Ice" 2378: 1313: 489:: neither water nor water-containing substances 4338:"New Teflon Toxin Causes Cancer in Lab Animals" 3909:American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 3449: 3123: 2637:"Fluoroplastic Comparison - Typical Properties" 2271:American Heritage of Invention & Technology 1880:a class-action lawsuit and community settlement 1173: 1064:beam it severely degrades due to heterogeneous 895:114.85 °C (238.73 °F; 388.00 K) 381: 135: 3637:"Interview with an inventor of the KTW bullet" 3247: 3245: 3197: 3195: 3117: 2521:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2223:"History Timeline 1930: The Fluorocarbon Boom" 1448:as a non-mechanical AFD (anti-friction device) 5725: 5218: 4546: 4398:"FACT SHEET: Proposed Chemours Consent Order" 4234:Beekman, M.; et al. (12 December 2016). 4233: 4005:United States Environmental Protection Agency 3756:(Revised ed.). Quick American Archives. 3527:"Device-modified trabeculectomy for glaucoma" 2651: 2432:E-BEAM Services website. Accessed 21 May 2013 2293:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 494. 1191:, making it suitable for use as an excellent 30:"Teflon" redirects here. For other uses, see 2734:Environmental Science and Pollution Research 813:Surfactants in the past have included toxic 4047: 3581: 3531:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3242: 3192: 2631: 2629: 2352:, Retrieved 21 December 1986 (Subscription) 1571:are coated with PTFE to reduce wear on the 1379:and possesses fairly high heat resistance. 5732: 5718: 5225: 5211: 4553: 4539: 3775: 3773: 3693: 3394:"GT85 General Lubricant with PTFE - 400ml" 3251: 2727: 2344:Teflon Maker: Out of Frying Pan into Fame 1822:can both be generated when PTFE undergoes 1654:PTFE sheets are used in the production of 1520:. Aluminium and PTFE is also used in some 1297: 1081:such as perfluoro (propylvinyl ether) and 845:and possesses fairly high heat resistance. 493:PTFE, as fluorocarbons exhibit only small 271: 201: 4312: 4159: 3940: 3938: 3751: 3558: 2906: 2601: 2547:. William Andrew. 2013. pp. 91–124. 2488: 2387: 2215: 2119:"poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (CHEBI:53251)" 2013:, a film about litigation related to PFOA 1915:(pregnancy-induced high blood pressure). 1679:PTFE tubing is used for Bowden tubing in 1150:Learn how and when to remove this message 797:The resulting polymer is terminated with 238: 2626: 2336: 2198: 2166: 1962: 1802:longer being made in the United States. 1431: 1362: 1215:commonly used in low-cost applications. 1161: 1099: 832: 582: 570: 562: 554: 5149:NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon 4105: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3770: 3657: 2671:"Chemours Teflon™ Coating Applications" 2541:"Manufacturing Polytetrafluoroethylene" 2513: 2314: 1932:As a result of the lawsuits concerning 267: 14: 6101: 5315:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE) 4412:"Chemours Consent Order | NC DEQ" 4335: 4133: 3935: 3694:Brown, DDS, Dennis E. (January 2002). 3433:. Infinity Motorcycles. Archived from 2851:International Journal of Thermophysics 2361: 2283: 2277: 2094:"The History of Teflon Fluoropolymers" 1793:for people who are exposed to it (see 1341: 192: 5713: 5255:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE) 5250:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 5206: 5081:Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library 4534: 4073: 4007:. March 2014. p. 1. 505-F-14-001 3585:Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 3252:Mishra, Munmaya; Yagci, Yusuf (208). 3151: 3149: 3147: 3124:Sina Ebnesajjad (21 September 2016). 2975:, 2007-10-14. Retrieved 8 April 2010. 2959: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2342:Robbins, William (21 December 1986) " 1947:, a corporate spin-off of DuPont, in 1703:PTFE is commonly used for the tip of 508:Polytetrafluoroethylene is used as a 163: 6067:List of environmental health hazards 5987:List of environmental health hazards 5187: 4053: 3865: 3798: 3724: 3575: 3431:"A Motorcyclist's Guide To Gore-Tex" 3423: 3283:"Teflon Machining & Fabrication" 3226: 2088: 2086: 1707:due to its high melting temperature. 1672:PTFE has been experimented with for 1389: 1132:adding citations to reliable sources 1103: 4426:"PFAS | Cape Fear River Watch" 4384:"Toxin taints CFPUA drinking water" 2328:. home.nycap.rr.com. Archived from 1958: 1810: 1647:PTFE can also be used when placing 218: 24: 5872:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs 4461: 4054:RIch, Nathaniel (6 January 2016). 3144: 3130:. William Andrew. pp. 31–32. 3053:Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2716: 2553:10.1016/B978-1-4557-7442-5.00007-3 2274:, Fall 2010, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 42 1943:The chemicals are manufactured by 1615:PTFE grafts can be used to bypass 1440:Other niche applications include: 377: 25: 6180: 5156:The DuPont Show with June Allyson 4514: 4363:"GenX Frequently Asked Questions" 4140:Environmental Health Perspectives 4079: 3752:Rosenthal, Ed (21 October 2014). 3009: 2083: 1875:, water, food and PTFE cookware. 1406:list of miscellaneous information 1218: 969:Dielectric constant (60 Hz) 106:Poly(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene) 5404: 5398: 5290:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) 5265:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 5186: 5177: 5176: 4598: 4205:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01017.x 4106:Fellner, Carrie (16 June 2018). 3658:Pomeroy, Ross (24 August 2013). 3180:. Poly Fouoro Ltd. 26 April 2011 2582:Science of the Total Environment 2423:Electron Beam Processing of PTFE 1794: 1394: 1108: 435: 88: 79: 5270:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) 5145:Hendrick Motorsports Car No. 24 4446: 4432: 4418: 4404: 4390: 4376: 4355: 4336:Lerner, Sharon (3 March 2016). 4329: 4272: 4254: 4227: 4176: 4127: 4019: 3989: 3963: 3900: 3839: 3813: 3745: 3718: 3687: 3673: 3651: 3629: 3604: 3518: 3411: 3386: 3356: 3330: 3312: 3300: 3275: 3220: 3170: 3096: 3071: 3040: 3003: 2978: 2947: 2886: 2841: 2811: 2784: 2681: 2663: 2658:Teflon PTFE Properties Handbook 2603:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151945 2569: 2533: 2460: 2435: 2416: 2362:Fenton, Lois (2 January 1992). 2355: 2038:, pyrolant thermite composition 1640:PTFE is used for some types of 1358: 1166:PTFE-jacketed (white) shielded 1119:needs additional citations for 577:Long Duration Exposure Facility 431:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa). 5633:Category:Plastics applications 5380:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) 5375:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) 5360:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 3543:10.1002/14651858.CD010472.pub3 3338:"Sydney Football Stadium Roof" 3157:"Polyflon PTFE Molding Powder" 2545:Introduction to Fluoropolymers 2263: 2237: 2192: 2136: 2111: 2064: 1986:Fluorinated ethylene propylene 1805: 778:to generate sulfate radicals: 13: 1: 5340:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO) 3491:Deltacoatingsandliningsbr.com 3227:Sack, Harald (26 June 2022). 2290:The Making of the Atomic Bomb 2077: 2070:Dielectric. Bulk resistivity. 1969:perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin 1934:the PFOA class-action lawsuit 1489:with powdered metals such as 1375:and other cookware, as it is 1349: 1314:Tensioned membrane structures 1270: 1183:properties, specifically low 1071: 828: 685: 533:persistent organic pollutants 477:polymer consisting wholly of 469:Polytetrafluoroethylene is a 6057:Persistent organic pollutant 6018:Toxic Substances Control Act 5977:Persistent organic pollutant 5260:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) 5232: 4305:10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.001 3683:. Baghouse.com. 28 May 2012. 2967:Research into Gecko Adhesion 2660:. Retrieved 11 October 2012. 2410:10.1016/0969-806X(94)90226-7 1949:Fayetteville, North Carolina 1861:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1820:sodium chlorodifluoroacetate 1501:and the corresponding metal 1288:Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome 1246: 1174:Wire insulation, electronics 819:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 7: 6050:Great Pacific garbage patch 5972:Great Pacific garbage patch 5385:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) 5300:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 4815:Anthony Joseph Arduengo III 4744:DuPont Experimental Station 3178:"Unraveling Polymers: PTFE" 2791:Nicholson, John W. (2011). 2481:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00458 1996: 1557:(PTFE sheet) radiates like 1035:surface treatments for PTFE 837:PTFE is often used to coat 535:. For decades, DuPont used 10: 6185: 6013:Japan Toxic Substances Law 5808:Miscellaneous plasticizers 5102:DuPont v. Kolon Industries 5091:Consolidation Coal Company 4560: 4440:"Consent Order Compliance" 4266:PFOA, PFOS and Other PFASs 1925: 1837: 1674:electroless nickel plating 1478:surgery to treat glaucoma. 1015:aluminium magnesium boride 680:Corona discharge treatment 622:. An early use was in the 620:Parkersburg, West Virginia 550: 29: 6087: 6032: 6008:European REACH regulation 6003:California Proposition 65 5995: 5952: 5909: 5871: 5838: 5807: 5753: 5746:polyhalogenated compounds 5702: 5647: 5623:High-performance plastics 5592: 5585: 5497: 5456: 5448:High-performance plastics 5413: 5396: 5240: 5172: 5127: 5046:Hagley Museum and Library 5026:Atlas Chemical Industries 5008: 4965:Howard Ensign Simmons Jr. 4820:Jacques Antoine Bidermann 4757: 4729: 4706: 4607: 4596: 4568: 4113:The Sydney Morning Herald 3104:"Free Flow Granular PTFE" 2925:10.1016/j.jmr.2014.02.005 2872:10.1007/s10765-008-0512-z 2794:The Chemistry of Polymers 2754:10.1007/s11356-017-0095-y 2178:Science History Institute 2052:Surface treatment of PTFE 1818:and the similar compound 1711: 1597:PTFE is widely used as a 1481:Powdered PTFE is used in 1385: 1185:group velocity dispersion 425: 359: 283: 119: 111: 101: 96: 87: 78: 5433:Fibre-reinforced plastic 5370:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 5163:DuPont Show of the Month 4765:Éleuthère Irénée du Pont 4268:. EPA. 18 February 2018. 3975:Better Homes and Gardens 3921:10.1080/0002889738506828 3886:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 3849:. DuPont. Archived from 3823:. DuPont. Archived from 2529:10.1002/14356007.a11_393 2428:6 September 2013 at the 2057: 2047:Superhydrophobic coating 1913:gestational hypertension 1911:(high cholesterol), and 1483:pyrotechnic compositions 1403:This section contains a 1251:Its extremely high bulk 763:{\textstyle {\ce {CF4}}} 669:Electron beam processing 495:London dispersion forces 74:Polytetrafluoroethylene 5484:Biodegradable additives 5051:Hercules Powder Company 4739:DuPont Central Research 4453:FEP Detailed Properties 2523:, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 1921: 1850:emulsion polymerization 1833: 1816:Sodium trifluoroacetate 1626:graft is not available. 1606:dust collection systems 1336:Sydney Football Stadium 1298:Chemically inert liners 1011:coefficient of friction 998:Magnetic susceptibility 941:Coefficient of friction 499:electric polarizability 473:solid, as it is a high- 40:Polytetrafluoroethylene 32:Teflon (disambiguation) 5899:Perfluorooctanoic acid 5335:Polyphenyl ether (PPE) 5330:Polyoxymethylene (POM) 5275:Polyacrylic acid (PAA) 4810:Jeffery Stanford Agate 4785:Francis Irénée du Pont 4780:Francis Gurney du Pont 3512:"Film Interface Patch" 3111:Inoflon Fluoropolymers 2036:Magnesium/Teflon/Viton 1980:Perfluoroalkoxy alkane 1972: 1873:microwave popcorn bags 1840:Perfluorooctanoic acid 1787:Perfluorooctanoic acid 1437: 1368: 1205:printed circuit boards 1170: 1096:) into a single mass. 846: 815:perfluorooctanoic acid 764: 701:. The net equation is 588: 580: 568: 560: 537:perfluorooctanoic acid 388: 341:Electrical resistivity 6154:Pyrotechnic oxidizers 6079:Biodegradable plastic 5428:Thermosetting polymer 5325:Polylactic acid (PLA) 4930:William Dale Phillips 3461:The Cutter and Tailor 2823:engineershandbook.com 2447:www.sciencedirect.com 1966: 1569:Teflon-coated bullets 1507:infrared decoy flares 1444:It is often found in 1435: 1367:Two molded PTFE jars. 1366: 1332:Metropolitano Stadium 1328:Moses Mabhida Stadium 1187:, especially at high 1165: 1100:Applications and uses 858:carbon-fluorine bonds 836: 801:groups, which can be 765: 649:under the brand name 586: 574: 566: 558: 514:carbon–fluorine bonds 387: 6090:Identification codes 5690:Foam food containers 5613:Engineering plastics 4995:Edgar S. Woolard Jr. 4428:. 20 September 2019. 4152:10.1289/ehp.121-A340 3306:Mishra & Yagci, 2990:Gasket Resources Inc 2702:10.1055/s-1982-29830 2675:plastechcoatings.com 2332:on 14 February 2008. 2245:"Roy Plunkett: 1938" 1909:hypercholesterolemia 1585:fluoroantimonic acid 1559:Lambert's cosine law 1128:improve this article 1023:van der Waals forces 870:cobalt(III) fluoride 742: 690:PTFE is produced by 639:Oak Ridge, Tennessee 628:uranium hexafluoride 603:refrigerant, called 370:(fire diamond) 351:Thermal conductivity 6164:Engineering plastic 6109:American inventions 5929:Endocrine disruptor 5527:Compression molding 5479:Polymer stabilizers 5071:Savannah River Site 4925:Charles J. Pedersen 4895:Edward G. Jefferson 4885:Charles O. Holliday 4721:Antec International 4585:Alexander M. Cutler 4483:2001Natur.412..321E 4400:. 21 December 2018. 4297:2015ToxR....2..939C 4197:2008RiskA..28..251T 4134:Nicole, W. (2013). 3727:Operative Dentistry 3641:NRAction Newsletter 3398:Baysidemarine.co.uk 3271:Extract of page 574 2917:2014JMagR.242..233W 2864:2010IJT....31.1919B 2746:2017ESPR...2423436S 2740:(30): 23436–23440. 2647:on 3 February 2016. 2594:2022ScTEn.80851945P 2402:1994RaPC...44..655S 2326:Useless Information 2251:on 17 February 2012 1730:tetrafluoroethylene 1663:Dobsonian telescope 1469:ankle-foot orthosis 1342:Musical instruments 1338:Roof in Australia. 1168:twisted-pair cables 1090:compression molding 1083:hexafluoropropylene 1066:photothermal effect 1019:diamond-like carbon 987:Dielectric strength 951:Dielectric constant 911:Thermal diffusivity 758: 699:tetrafluoroethylene 605:tetrafluoroethylene 75: 52:tetrafluoroethylene 5944:Polymer fume fever 5603:Commodity plastics 5577:Rotational molding 5547:Fiberglass molding 5507:Injection moulding 5489:Filler (materials) 5438:Corrugated plastic 5390:Tritan copolyester 5345:Polypropylene (PP) 5295:Polycarbonate (PC) 5016:DuPont (1802–2017) 5000:Nathaniel C. Wyeth 4980:Chadwick A. Tolman 4975:Frederick N. Tebbe 4955:Richard R. Schrock 4875:Richard Goodmanson 4860:Curtis J. Crawford 4855:Thomas M. Connelly 4805:T. Coleman du Pont 4370:GenX Investigation 4285:Toxicology Reports 4242:, The Netherlands) 4060:The New York Times 3785:Surface Technology 3067:– via Wiley. 2390:Radiat. Phys. Chem 2042:Polymer adsorption 1973: 1901:ulcerative colitis 1753:polymer fume fever 1610:particulate matter 1524:fuel compositions. 1438: 1369: 1320:tensile structures 1171: 1051:Belleville washers 905:112–125×10 K 847: 760: 746: 736:tetrafluoromethane 655:Marion A. Trozzolo 635:uranium enrichment 601:chlorofluorocarbon 589: 581: 569: 561: 458:Infobox references 389: 355:0.25 W/(m·K) 73: 6159:Roofing materials 6096: 6095: 6074:Plastic recycling 6040:Plastic pollution 6026: 6025: 5960:Plastic pollution 5740:Health issues of 5698: 5697: 5594:Plastics industry 5512:Plastic extrusion 5365:Polyurethane (PU) 5355:Polysulfone (PES) 5310:Polyethylene (PE) 5285:Polybutylene (PB) 5200: 5199: 5056:Kinetic Chemicals 5041:Eleutherian Mills 5035:Manhattan Project 4950:Irving S. Shapiro 4945:William K. Reilly 4845:Wallace Carothers 4800:Pierre S. du Pont 4770:Alfred I. du Pont 4477:(6844): 321–324. 3706:(1): 76–8, 80–1. 3374:on 3 October 2018 3364:"What is MicPol?" 3265:978-0-8247-2595-2 3166:. 16 August 2017. 3137:978-1-4377-7856-4 3113:. 16 August 2017. 3010:Davet, George P. 2829:on 3 January 2012 2174:"Roy J. Plunkett" 2032:waterproof fabric 2018:The Devil We Know 1897:testicular cancer 1857:parts per billion 1749:flu-like symptoms 1705:desoldering pumps 1581:hydrofluoric acid 1515:solid-fuel rocket 1430: 1429: 1334:in Spain and the 1330:in South Africa, 1265:permanent magnets 1189:radio frequencies 1160: 1159: 1152: 1007: 1006: 1000:(SI, 22 °C) 901:Thermal expansion 891:Glass temperature 749: 624:Manhattan Project 510:non-stick coating 466:Chemical compound 464: 463: 252:CompTox Dashboard 46:) is a synthetic 27:Synthetic polymer 16:(Redirected from 6176: 5965:Rubber pollution 5815:Organophosphates 5734: 5727: 5720: 5711: 5710: 5590: 5589: 5562:Filament winding 5537:Transfer molding 5464:Polymer additive 5408: 5402: 5350:Polystyrene (PS) 5227: 5220: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5190: 5189: 5180: 5179: 5076:Wilmington Trust 4905:Stephanie Kwolek 4900:Ellen J. Kullman 4840:Richard H. Brown 4602: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4532: 4531: 4510: 4491:10.1038/35085548 4456: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4367: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4316: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4163: 4131: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4031: 4027:"PFAs Factsheet" 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3977:. 2 October 2019 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3942: 3933: 3932: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3878: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3777: 3768: 3767: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3562: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3463:. 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Archived from 2140: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2090: 2071: 2068: 1959:Similar polymers 1811:Trifluoroacetate 1766:(except refined 1747:, and can cause 1599:thread seal tape 1425: 1422: 1416: 1398: 1397: 1390: 1308:expansion joints 1155: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1135: 1112: 1104: 1077:small amount of 981: 974: 964: 957: 915:0.124 mm/s 879: 878: 866:xenon difluoride 793: 792: 791: 769: 767: 766: 761: 759: 757: 754: 747: 547:, another PFAS. 475:molecular-weight 448: 442: 439: 438: 416: 409: 402: 395: 380: 321: 291:Chemical formula 276: 275: 260: 258: 242: 222: 205: 194: 167: 139: 92: 83: 76: 72: 21: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6169:1938 in science 6134:DuPont products 6099: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6083: 6028: 6027: 6022: 5991: 5948: 5905: 5867: 5834: 5803: 5749: 5738: 5704: 5694: 5643: 5581: 5567:Solvent bonding 5557:Plastic welding 5499: 5493: 5452: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5394: 5305:Polyester (PEs) 5242: 5236: 5231: 5201: 5196: 5168: 5123: 5113:DuPont Building 5096:DuPont analysis 5004: 4990:Charles M. Vest 4935:Roy J. Plunkett 4920:George Parshall 4915:Rudolph Pariser 4835:Donaldson Brown 4753: 4749:DuPont Building 4731: 4725: 4711: 4702: 4603: 4594: 4580:Edward D. Breen 4570: 4564: 4559: 4517: 4464: 4462:Further reading 4459: 4451: 4447: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4334: 4330: 4277: 4273: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4245: 4243: 4232: 4228: 4181: 4177: 4146:(11–12): A340. 4132: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4080:Blake, Mariah. 4078: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3980: 3978: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3944: 3943: 3936: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3866: 3856: 3854: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3803: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3750: 3746: 3723: 3719: 3700:Dentistry Today 3692: 3688: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3656: 3652: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3580: 3576: 3537:(3): CD010472. 3523: 3519: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3347: 3345: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3266: 3250: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3225: 3221: 3211: 3209: 3201: 3200: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3164:Daikin Chemical 3159: 3155: 3154: 3145: 3138: 3122: 3118: 3106: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3085: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3014: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2891: 2887: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2805: 2789: 2785: 2726: 2717: 2686: 2682: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2635: 2634: 2627: 2574: 2570: 2563: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2518: 2514: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2430:Wayback Machine 2421: 2417: 2386: 2379: 2360: 2356: 2341: 2337: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2285:Rhodes, Richard 2282: 2278: 2268: 2264: 2254: 2252: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2204:Plunkett, Roy J 2197: 2193: 2183: 2181: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2157: 2155: 2154:on 16 July 2014 2142: 2141: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2102: 2100: 2092: 2091: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2060: 1999: 1961: 1930: 1924: 1905:thyroid disease 1888:epidemiologists 1878:As a result of 1842: 1836: 1813: 1808: 1774:oils) start to 1734:difluorocarbene 1714: 1656:butane hash oil 1649:dental fillings 1426: 1420: 1417: 1410: 1399: 1395: 1388: 1361: 1352: 1344: 1316: 1300: 1273: 1249: 1221: 1199:assemblies and 1176: 1156: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1125: 1113: 1102: 1074: 976: 972: 959: 955: 921:Young's modulus 831: 790: 787: 786: 785: 783: 755: 750: 745: 743: 740: 739: 729: 723: 719: 715: 711: 688: 593:Roy J. Plunkett 553: 497:due to the low 467: 460: 455: 454: 453: ?) 444: 440: 436: 432: 421: 420: 419: 418: 411: 404: 397: 390: 386: 378: 319: 307: 303: 299: 293: 279: 261: 254: 245: 225: 186: 170: 142: 129: 115: 107: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6182: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6149:Thermoplastics 6146: 6144:Fluoropolymers 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6124:Dry lubricants 6121: 6116: 6111: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6053: 6052: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5999: 5997: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5915: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5875: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5858:Vinyl chloride 5855: 5852:Polycarbonates 5844: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5826: 5817: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5769: 5763: 5761: 5751: 5750: 5737: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5714: 5708: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5665:Packaging film 5662: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5648:Specific goods 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5599: 5597: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5572:Vacuum forming 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5443:Polymeric foam 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5419: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5320:Polyimide (PI) 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5280:Polyamide (PA) 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5230: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5207: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5184: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5142: 5137: 5131: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5110: 5108:Du Pont Motors 5105: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5066:Remington Arms 5063: 5061:Nemours Estate 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5028: 5023: 5021:Du Pont family 5018: 5012: 5010: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4960:Joseph Shivers 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4940:John J. Raskob 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4865:John T. Dillon 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4830:Norman Borlaug 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4795:Lammot du Pont 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4775:Eugene du Pont 4772: 4767: 4761: 4759: 4758:Notable people 4755: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4735: 4733: 4730:Divisions and 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4717: 4715: 4713:joint ventures 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4590:Rajiv L. Gupta 4587: 4582: 4576: 4574: 4566: 4565: 4558: 4557: 4550: 4543: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4516: 4515:External links 4513: 4512: 4511: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4445: 4431: 4417: 4403: 4389: 4375: 4354: 4328: 4271: 4253: 4226: 4175: 4126: 4098: 4072: 4046: 4018: 3988: 3962: 3950:www.cancer.org 3934: 3915:(4): 176–178. 3899: 3864: 3838: 3812: 3797: 3769: 3763:978-1936807239 3762: 3744: 3717: 3686: 3672: 3650: 3647:(5). May 1990. 3628: 3603: 3592:(5): 262–266. 3574: 3517: 3503: 3478: 3467:on 3 July 2015 3448: 3437:on 5 July 2015 3422: 3410: 3385: 3355: 3329: 3311: 3299: 3274: 3264: 3241: 3219: 3191: 3169: 3143: 3136: 3116: 3095: 3070: 3039: 3028:on 18 May 2014 3002: 2977: 2958: 2946: 2885: 2840: 2810: 2803: 2783: 2715: 2680: 2662: 2650: 2625: 2568: 2561: 2532: 2512: 2459: 2434: 2415: 2396:(6): 655–679. 2377: 2354: 2349:New York Times 2335: 2313: 2299: 2276: 2262: 2236: 2214: 2191: 2165: 2135: 2110: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2022: 2014: 2006: 1998: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1983: 1960: 1957: 1938:fluoropolymers 1926:Main article: 1923: 1920: 1838:Main article: 1835: 1832: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1684: 1677: 1670: 1666: 1659: 1652: 1645: 1638: 1627: 1613: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1576: 1566: 1532: 1529:twisty puzzles 1525: 1479: 1476:trabeculectomy 1472: 1465: 1462: 1461:from escaping. 1455: 1452: 1449: 1428: 1427: 1402: 1400: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1360: 1357: 1351: 1348: 1343: 1340: 1315: 1312: 1299: 1296: 1272: 1269: 1248: 1245: 1225:plain bearings 1220: 1219:Bearings seals 1217: 1175: 1172: 1158: 1157: 1116: 1114: 1107: 1101: 1098: 1073: 1070: 1005: 1004: 1001: 994: 993: 990: 983: 982: 970: 966: 965: 953: 947: 946: 943: 937: 936: 933: 931:Yield strength 927: 926: 923: 917: 916: 913: 907: 906: 903: 897: 896: 893: 887: 886: 883: 839:non-stick pans 830: 827: 795: 794: 788: 753: 732: 731: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 695:polymerization 687: 684: 674:chain scission 647:non-stick pans 616:General Motors 552: 549: 505:of any solid. 465: 462: 461: 456: 434: 433: 429:standard state 426: 423: 422: 412: 405: 398: 391: 376: 375: 374: 373: 371: 362: 361: 357: 356: 353: 347: 346: 343: 337: 336: 330: 324: 323: 316: 310: 309: 305: 301: 297: 294: 289: 286: 285: 281: 280: 278: 277: 264: 262: 250: 247: 246: 244: 243: 235: 233: 227: 226: 224: 223: 215: 213: 207: 206: 196: 188: 187: 185: 184: 180: 178: 172: 171: 169: 168: 160: 158: 152: 151: 148: 147:Abbreviations 144: 143: 141: 140: 132: 130: 125: 122: 121: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 105: 99: 98: 94: 93: 85: 84: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6181: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6139:Fluorocarbons 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6091: 6086: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6045:Garbage patch 6043: 6042: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5951: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5911:Health issues 5908: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5747: 5743: 5735: 5730: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5716: 5715: 5712: 5707: 5701: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5685:Shopping bags 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5640:(Agriculture) 5639: 5638:Plasticulture 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5618:Geosynthetics 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5522:Thermoforming 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5423:Thermoplastic 5421: 5420: 5418: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5223: 5221: 5216: 5214: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5193: 5185: 5183: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4970:Charles Stine 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4825:Samuel Bodman 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4790:Henry du Pont 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4544: 4542: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4454: 4449: 4441: 4435: 4427: 4421: 4413: 4407: 4399: 4393: 4385: 4379: 4371: 4364: 4358: 4343: 4342:The Intercept 4339: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4191:(2): 251–69. 4190: 4186: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4130: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3853:on 2 May 2013 3852: 3848: 3842: 3827:on 2 May 2013 3826: 3822: 3816: 3808: 3801: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3774: 3765: 3759: 3755: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3682: 3676: 3661: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3617: 3616:TheCubicle.us 3613: 3607: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3521: 3513: 3507: 3492: 3488: 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Polytetrafluoroethylene

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