290:– each have their own qualities which they can bring to any encounter, but Arthur is a fighter in his own right, not just a commander. It has been suggested that Arthur himself has supernatural powers in the poem, specifically the ability to make himself and his men invisible, though this interpretation rests on a contested translation of a difficult line. The general tone of the poem can be seen as light-hearted. At the same time, Arthur's repeated use of the past tense in his boasts about his companions' exploits arguably give them an elegiac tone, suggesting the possibility that we should see the Arthur of the poem as a man past his glory years and living in the past with a sadly diminished following.
315:, where he is Arthur's gatekeeper, he similarly demands to know Culhwch's qualifications to be let in, and later in the tale the giant Wrnach Gawr's gatekeeper admits Cai after questioning him. There is no agreement as to the relationship between these three episodes, but it is possible that the author of
362:, where they fight Caius; and in an anonymous 15th-century English story, which tells us that Arthur vanquished some wildcats by tricking them into attacking their own reflections in his glass shield. This last stratagem doubtless explains why Cai's shield was polished when fighting the cat of Palug in
82:, and for alluding to several early adventures of Arthur which are now lost. Its precise age is not known and has been the subject of wide-ranging disagreement, but scholarly opinion now tends to favour a date of c. 1100.
168:
So mighty a warrior is Cai that his death can only be contrived by God himself. Cai and
Llachau, we are told, "fulfilled battles". Cai attacked nine witches at the peak of Ystafngwn, and lions in
1447:
323:. Alternatively, both authors may simply be drawing on the same early Arthurian traditions. There are somewhat similar episodes elsewhere in medieval literature: in the Cambro-Latin
276:
is a folk-tale figure, a wandering hero leading a band of other heroes in an irresponsible life of adventures that pit them against monsters and magical adversaries, rather like the
137:
The subject now turns to Arthur himself, who is said to have fought against a witch in the hall of
Afarnach, against a certain Pen Palach in the dwellings of Disethach, and against
22:
307:. One general similarity lies in the use both works make of allusion to a string of stories featuring Arthur and his men, but there is also a more specific one. In
1634:
224:
believed that the 9th century or even the 8th was possible. However, recent scholarly opinion has tended to favour a later date of around 1100.
94:
is in places a very difficult text, and translations of it vary widely. This summary is based on the version of Jon B. Coe and Simon Young (see
1045:
Tristram, Hildegard L. C. (2002). "Attrition of inflections in
English and Welsh". In Filppula, Markku; Klemola, Juhani; Pitkänen, Heli (eds.).
2878:
587:
881:
1962:
650:
Sims-Williams, Patrick (1991). "The Early Welsh
Arthurian Poems". In Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F. (eds.).
1401:
1046:
1015:
343:. But, as Patrick Sims-Williams notes, "such exchanges with recalcitrant porters were commonplace…in real life, too, no doubt".
760:
2909:
2072:
114:
and "the best men in the world". Glewlwyd demands Arthur vouch for them, so Arthur names his men and praises their exploits:
963:
158:"Before the lords of Emrys", Arthur says, "I saw Cai at haste." Not only is his vengeance heavy and his anger bitter, but
252:
2914:
448:
1876:
1744:
1717:
1056:
893:
804:
770:
331:
110:
duly identifies himself and returns the question, upon which Arthur names himself and says his party consists of
2734:
1908:
1845:
1817:
1785:
1693:
1646:
1582:
1523:
1459:
1411:
1372:
1190:
1135:
857:
739:
729:
711:
680:
659:
633:
599:
576:
539:
511:
490:
403:
The nine witches of the peak of
Ystafngwn have reminded some commentators of the nine witches of Gloucester in
438:
Finally, the "lords of Emrys" referred to in the poem could be seen as relating to the character named in the
1998:
1955:
847:
506:. Caerdydd: Cyhoeddwyd ar ran Bwrdd Gwybodau Celtaidd Prifysgol Cymru Wasg Prifysgol Cymru. pp. 66–68.
432:
336:
2139:
2079:
529:
200:
texts presents great problems, even the linguistic criteria for dating them not having yet been agreed on.
148:
Arthur again praises at length Cai's prowess in battle, only to interrupt himself with the reflection that
2904:
2899:
1893:
Sims-Williams, Patrick (1991). "The Early Welsh
Arthurian Poems". In Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.;
1704:
340:
287:
79:
501:
2394:
2031:
756:
2919:
1948:
209:
37:
30:
2924:
2799:
2672:
2152:
1363:, the Triads, Saints' Lives". In Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F. (eds.).
1181:, the Triads, Saints' Lives". In Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F. (eds.).
260:, near the south-east Welsh border. He also interprets the poem as including a reference to the
216:, John Bollard and A. O. H. Jarman were agreed in assigning it to the 10th or 11th century, with
701:
283:
2093:
2086:
1931:
1777:
1765:
1515:
1507:
1127:
1119:
788:
703:
The Celtic Heroic Age: Literary
Sources for Ancient Celtic Europe and Early Ireland and Wales
625:
617:
232:
172:. Then follows the beginning of a description of another of Cai's adversaries, the terrible
2024:
2017:
130:"; Mabon son of Mellt; Anwas the Winged and Llwch the Windy-Handed, who have been defending
123:
2100:
2010:
1769:
453:
58:("The dialogue of Arthur and Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr"). It is a fragmentary, anonymous poem in
8:
2790:
2414:
2374:
2359:
107:
67:
2229:
145:
slew his enemies by the hundred, and he fought ferociously on the shores of
Tryfrwyd.
2299:
2284:
2179:
2158:
2146:
1894:
1837:
The Arthur of the
English: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval English Life and Literature
1761:
1227:
478:
465:
325:
217:
205:
2729:
235:
has suggested south-east Wales. He argues from certain similarities to, firstly, the
2509:
2479:
2474:
2329:
2051:
2042:
1904:
1872:
1841:
1813:
1781:
1740:
1713:
1689:
1642:
1578:
1519:
1455:
1407:
1368:
1186:
1131:
1052:
889:
853:
800:
766:
735:
707:
676:
670:
655:
629:
595:
572:
535:
507:
486:
303:
70:, in which Arthur boasts of his own exploits and those of his companions, especially
2339:
2464:
2399:
1971:
1834:
Lloyd-Morgan, Ceridwen (2001) . "The Celtic
Tradition". In Barron, W. R. J. (ed.).
1219:
134:; and finally Cai, who "would implore them, while he slew them, three at a time."
2637:
2484:
2309:
2289:
2244:
2058:
1982:
1898:
1866:
1835:
1807:
1734:
1570:
428:
416:
213:
119:
115:
427:, such as Manawydan son of Llyr and Mabon son of Modron, belong to the world of
2857:
2714:
2647:
2494:
2489:
2449:
2249:
1803:
564:
460:
poet need not necessarily have known either work: it has been pointed out that
359:
311:
the gatekeeper Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr questions Arthur's right to be admitted; in
286:. His companions – including Cai and Bedwyr, both important figures in later
2893:
2817:
2739:
2642:
2434:
2314:
2304:
955:
410:
2667:
1452:
The Legend of Arthur in the Middle Ages: Studies Presented to A. H. Diverres
592:
The Legend of Arthur in the Middle Ages: Studies Presented to A. H. Diverres
2749:
2707:
2702:
2657:
2584:
2409:
2279:
2132:
1935:
1862:
697:
414:(an early Breton-Latin work), and the nine maidens tending the cauldron in
347:
346:
Cath Palug, or the cat of Palug, with whom Cai fought, also appears in the
221:
2687:
1940:
1900:
The Arthur of the Welsh: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature
1450:. In Grout, P. B.; Lodge, R. A.; Pickford, C. E.; Varty, E. K. C. (eds.).
1365:
The Arthur of the Welsh: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature
1183:
The Arthur of the Welsh: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature
652:
The Arthur of the Welsh: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature
590:. In Grout, P. B.; Lodge, R. A.; Pickford, C. E.; Varty, E. K. C. (eds.).
2868:
2825:
2754:
2589:
2499:
2199:
397:
138:
103:
63:
2873:
2619:
2609:
2559:
2454:
2379:
2354:
2324:
2264:
2219:
2125:
1231:
257:
243:
173:
1051:. Joensuu: University of Juensuu, Faculty of Humanities. p. 122.
358:
in an oral tradition reported by the 14th-century Scottish chronicler
2862:
2813:
2803:
2785:
2692:
2682:
2599:
2554:
2514:
2504:
2344:
2274:
2209:
2194:
959:
261:
250:
subject and author, and secondly, an episode of the Welsh romance of
247:
197:
131:
59:
1223:
672:
Culhwch and Olwen: An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale
2779:
2775:
2724:
2604:
2579:
2459:
2439:
2369:
2319:
2254:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2184:
2118:
1736:
Arthuriana: Early Arthurian Tradition and the Origins of the Legend
393:
390:
169:
142:
127:
2840:
2831:
2821:
2809:
2719:
2614:
2594:
2569:
2564:
2534:
2529:
2429:
2404:
2349:
2334:
2269:
2239:
2234:
594:. Arthurian Studies, 7. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. pp. 45–46.
351:
111:
71:
40:, a mid-13th century manuscript, is known from its first line as
2744:
2469:
1774:
Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages: A Collaborative History
208:
went no further than saying that it was probably older than the
2836:
2697:
2677:
2662:
2544:
2539:
2524:
2444:
2424:
2419:
2364:
1262:
443:
278:
2294:
1487:
1089:
1087:
2795:
2770:
2652:
2574:
2549:
2389:
2384:
2259:
2189:
1454:. Arthurian Studies, 7. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. p. 46.
238:
1291:
1289:
2519:
1662:
1590:
1475:
1250:
1084:
797:
Medieval Arthurian Epic and Romance: Eight New Translations
675:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. xxxv–xxxvi.
1342:
1340:
1274:
980:
354:
figure in later French Arthurian romances, under the name
1809:
Medieval Arthurian Literature: A Guide to Recent Research
1575:
Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain
1286:
21:
1602:
1448:"Celtic Elements in Arthurian Romance: A General Survey"
588:"Celtic Elements in Arthurian Romance: A General Survey"
1337:
1313:
1099:
938:
936:
1903:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 33–72.
1551:
1427:
1301:
921:
654:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 40–45.
1840:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 1–11.
1614:
997:
995:
909:
485:. Caerdydd: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru. pp. 296–301.
1016:"Dating the Boundary Clauses in the Book of Llandaf"
933:
882:"The Historical Context: Wales and England 800-1200"
481:(1978). Bromwich, Rachel; Jones, R. Brinley (eds.).
220:
tentatively narrowing that down to the 10th, though
122:'s servant; Cyscaint son of Banon; Gwyn Goddyfrion;
78:
is notable for being one of the earliest vernacular
1639:
Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Volume 1
1539:
1381:
1325:
1238:
1158:Jarman, A. O. H. (1984–1986). "Y Darlun o Arthur".
1072:
795:. In Kibler, William W.; Palmer, R. Barton (eds.).
706:. Malden, Mass.: Celtic Studies. pp. 292–295.
1367:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 78.
1185:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 78.
992:
827:
389:it is entirely mythical, being fought against the
423:The names of some of the characters mentioned in
2891:
965:The Birth Life and Acts of King Arthur. Volume 1
669:Bromwich, Rachel; Evans, D. Simon, eds. (1992).
339:", and possibly even in the famous 12th-century
204:is a case in point. In 1959 the great linguist
880:Jankulak, Karen; Wooding, Jonathan M. (2012) .
879:
381:as one of Arthur's twelve battles. But whereas
1956:
1892:
1802:Koch, John T. (1996). "The Celtic Lands". In
1668:
1596:
1577:, University Of Wales Press, pp. 73–74,
1493:
1481:
1268:
1256:
1093:
986:
762:King Arthur: Dark Age Warrior and Mythic Hero
668:
231:was written has received less attention, but
1833:
1295:
799:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 75–76.
2879:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
1970:
1157:
888:. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 80.
849:The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend
731:The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend
531:The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend
191:
46:(meaning "What man is the gatekeeper?") or
1963:
1949:
954:
267:
176:, against whom "his shield was polished".
1206:Koch, John T. (October 1994). "Review of
1683:
1569:
1445:
1346:
1105:
1044:
845:
755:
727:
585:
527:
464:was used by Welsh poets as a synonym of
407:, the similar nine witches in the first
293:
95:
62:, taking the form of a dialogue between
20:
1812:. New York: Garland. pp. 239–322.
1760:
1641:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 48.
1620:
1608:
1505:
1358:
1176:
1117:
942:
927:
615:
477:
335:, in the late-medieval English ballad "
301:has often been compared to the tale of
2892:
1871:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
1688:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
1686:Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads
1399:
734:. : Llanerch. pp. 129, 131, 133.
563:
556:
534:. : Llanerch. pp. 128, 130, 132.
499:
341:Arthurian carvings in Modena Cathedral
55:Ymddiddan Arthur a Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr
1944:
1861:
1732:
1702:
1557:
1545:
1508:"Arthur in the Early Welsh Tradition"
1433:
1387:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1280:
1120:"Arthur in the Early Welsh Tradition"
1001:
915:
833:
786:
618:"Arthur in the Early Welsh Tradition"
1801:
1776:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp.
1632:
1403:King Arthur: Myth-Making and History
1244:
1205:
1078:
696:
385:treats the battle as historical, in
1868:Arthur in Medieval Welsh Literature
1712:, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus,
1013:
571:. London: Longman. pp. 69–71.
154:it was better when they were alive.
13:
2073:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain
1406:. London: Routledge. p. 129.
846:Coe, Jon B.; Young, Simon (1995).
728:Coe, Jon B.; Young, Simon (1995).
528:Coe, Jon B.; Young, Simon (1995).
471:
449:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae
14:
2936:
1925:
968:. London: J. M. Dent. p. xxv
886:Companion to Arthurian Literature
126:, who bore "pierced shields from
1020:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies
29:in the original manuscript, the
1626:
1563:
1499:
1439:
1393:
1352:
1199:
1170:
1151:
1111:
1038:
1007:
765:. New York: Rosen. p. 31.
373:seems to be identical with the
1932:Translation by John K. Bollard
1684:Bromwich, Rachel, ed. (1978).
1510:. In Wilhelm, James J. (ed.).
1122:. In Wilhelm, James J. (ed.).
948:
873:
839:
624:. New York: Garland. pp.
620:. In Wilhelm, James J. (ed.).
500:Jarman, A. O. H., ed. (1982).
431:that was also drawn on in the
188:The rest of the poem is lost.
1:
2910:Arthurian literature in Welsh
1766:"Arthur in Early Welsh Verse"
1677:
1514:. New York: Garland. p.
1359:Roberts, Brynley F. (1991). "
1177:Roberts, Brynley F. (1991). "
1126:. New York: Garland. p.
433:Four Branches of the Mabinogi
337:King Arthur and King Cornwall
821:
456:("Emrys" in Welsh), but the
141:at the mount of Edinburgh.
7:
1048:The Celtic Roots of English
852:. : Llanerch. p. 127.
483:Astudiaethau ar yr Hengerdd
329:, in the Irish tale of the
106:asking the porter's name.
10:
2941:
2140:The Dream of Macsen Wledig
1762:Jackson, Kenneth Hurlstone
1637:. In Koch, John T. (ed.).
884:. In Fulton, Helen (ed.).
616:Bollard, John K. (1994) .
85:
2915:Medieval Welsh literature
2850:
2763:
2628:
2172:
2110:
2041:
1997:
1990:
1979:
1506:Bollard, John K. (1994).
1446:Bromwich, Rachel (1983).
1118:Bollard, John K. (1994).
586:Bromwich, Rachel (1983).
369:The fight at Tryfrwyd in
206:Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson
164:he would drink like four.
162:When he drank from a horn
1014:Coe, Jon (Winter 2004).
332:Second Battle of Moytura
192:Date and place of origin
38:Black Book of Carmarthen
31:Black Book of Carmarthen
1739:. Louth: Lindes Press.
1208:The Arthur of the Welsh
789:"Arthur in Early Wales/
268:The character of Arthur
182:would fall as its food;
2663:Cavall (Cafall, Cabal)
1733:Green, Thomas (2009).
1703:Green, Thomas (2007),
1635:"Ambrosius Aurelianus"
1633:Koch, John T. (2006).
1400:Higham, N. J. (2002).
284:early Irish literature
227:The question of where
186:
166:
156:
52:, or alternatively as
33:
2094:The Dream of Rhonabwy
2087:Peredur son of Efrawg
1999:Four Branches of the
1770:Loomis, Roger Sherman
1512:The Romance of Arthur
1283:, pp. 22–23, 25.
1124:The Romance of Arthur
787:Davis, Craig (2014).
622:The Romance of Arthur
562:Bromwich, Rachel, in
294:Sources and analogues
233:Patrick Sims-Williams
184:nine-score champions…
178:
160:
150:
124:Manawydan son of Llŷr
102:The poem begins with
43:Pa gur yv y porthaur?
25:The opening lines of
24:
2101:Geraint son of Erbin
2011:Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed
569:The Figure of Arthur
503:Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin
143:Bedwyr Perfect-Sinew
2869:Cauldron of rebirth
2375:Goreu fab Custennin
2360:Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr
1895:Roberts, Brynley F.
557:Modern translations
398:dog-headed monsters
180:Nine-score soldiers
116:Mabon son of Modron
108:Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr
68:Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr
66:and the gatekeeper
2905:12th-century poems
2900:11th-century poems
2285:Cymidei Cymeinfoll
2180:Afaon fab Taliesin
2159:Lludd and Llefelys
2147:Englynion y Beddau
2025:Manawydan fab Llŷr
2018:Branwen ferch Llŷr
1706:Concepts of Arthur
1669:Sims-Williams 1991
1597:Sims-Williams 1991
1494:Sims-Williams 1991
1482:Sims-Williams 1991
1322:, pp. 23, 25.
1271:, pp. 39, 45.
1269:Sims-Williams 1991
1257:Sims-Williams 1991
1094:Sims-Williams 1991
987:Sims-Williams 1991
440:Historia Brittonum
383:Historia Brittonum
379:Historia Brittonum
326:Historia Brittonum
212:. In later years
34:
2887:
2886:
2330:Elffin ap Gwyddno
2168:
2167:
2052:Culhwch and Olwen
2032:Math fab Mathonwy
1611:, pp. 14–15.
1560:, pp. 84–85.
1496:, pp. 45–46.
1436:, pp. 23–24.
1310:, pp. 81–82.
1296:Lloyd-Morgan 2001
918:, pp. 60–61.
791:Culhwch and Olwen
313:Culhwch and Olwen
304:Culhwch and Olwen
99:
2932:
2791:Cantre'r Gwaelod
2400:Gwyddno Garanhir
2080:Geraint and Enid
1995:
1994:
1972:Celtic mythology
1965:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1711:
1699:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1571:Bromwich, Rachel
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1361:Culhwch ac Olwen
1356:
1350:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1179:Culhwch ac Olwen
1174:
1168:
1167:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1011:
1005:
999:
990:
984:
978:
977:
975:
973:
952:
946:
940:
931:
930:, pp. 9–19.
925:
919:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
877:
871:
870:
868:
866:
843:
837:
831:
817:
815:
813:
783:
781:
779:
752:
750:
748:
724:
722:
720:
693:
691:
689:
665:
646:
644:
642:
612:
610:
608:
582:
552:
550:
548:
524:
522:
520:
496:
479:Roberts, Brynley
377:, listed by the
319:was burlesquing
288:Arthurian legend
264:, in Glamorgan.
246:, a work with a
90:
16:Early Welsh poem
2940:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2920:Uther Pendragon
2890:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2846:
2759:
2730:Llamhigyn y Dŵr
2638:Adar Llwch Gwin
2630:
2624:
2310:Dywel fab Erbin
2245:Caradog ap Bran
2164:
2106:
2059:Preiddeu Annwfn
2037:
1991:Texts and tales
1986:
1983:Welsh mythology
1975:
1969:
1928:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1804:Lacy, Norris J.
1792:
1790:
1788:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1696:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1224:10.2307/2865619
1204:
1200:
1193:
1175:
1171:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1008:
1000:
993:
985:
981:
971:
969:
953:
949:
941:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
900:
898:
896:
878:
874:
864:
862:
860:
844:
840:
832:
828:
824:
811:
809:
807:
777:
775:
773:
746:
744:
742:
718:
716:
714:
700:, ed. (1995) .
687:
685:
683:
662:
649:
640:
638:
636:
606:
604:
602:
579:
565:Barber, Richard
559:
546:
544:
542:
518:
516:
514:
493:
474:
472:Modern editions
429:Welsh mythology
396:and an army of
375:bellum Tribruit
296:
270:
218:Brynley Roberts
214:Rachel Bromwich
194:
183:
181:
163:
153:
152:I had servants,
88:
80:Arthurian works
36:Poem 31 of the
17:
12:
11:
5:
2938:
2928:
2927:
2925:Poems in Welsh
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:Cross of Neith
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2829:
2807:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2715:Gwragedd Annwn
2712:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:Aderyn y Corff
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2490:Madoc ap Uthyr
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2450:Iddog ap Mynio
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2004:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1927:
1926:External links
1924:
1923:
1922:
1909:
1890:
1877:
1859:
1846:
1831:
1818:
1799:
1786:
1758:
1745:
1730:
1718:
1700:
1694:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1647:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1583:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1524:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1460:
1438:
1426:
1412:
1392:
1380:
1373:
1351:
1349:, p. 362.
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1247:, p. 254.
1237:
1198:
1191:
1169:
1150:
1136:
1110:
1108:, p. 304.
1098:
1083:
1081:, p. 255.
1071:
1057:
1037:
1006:
991:
979:
956:Malory, Thomas
947:
932:
920:
908:
894:
872:
858:
838:
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
805:
784:
771:
757:Matthews, John
753:
740:
725:
712:
694:
681:
666:
660:
647:
634:
613:
600:
583:
577:
558:
555:
554:
553:
540:
525:
512:
497:
491:
473:
470:
417:Preiddeu Annwn
360:John of Fordun
295:
292:
272:The Arthur of
269:
266:
239:Sancti Cadocis
196:The dating of
193:
190:
120:Uthr Pendragon
87:
84:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2937:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2740:Plentyn Newid
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Adar Rhiannon
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Macsen Wledig
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Hueil mab Caw
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:Edern ap Nudd
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Dylan ail Don
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Bendigeidfran
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1880:
1878:9780708326251
1874:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1748:
1746:9781445221106
1742:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1721:
1719:9780752444611
1715:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1671:, p. 44.
1670:
1665:
1650:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1623:, p. 15.
1622:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1599:, p. 45.
1598:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1548:, p. 20.
1547:
1542:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1484:, p. 40.
1483:
1478:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1390:, p. 61.
1389:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1347:Bromwich 1978
1343:
1341:
1334:, p. 20.
1333:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1259:, p. 39.
1258:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1106:Bromwich 1978
1102:
1096:, p. 38.
1095:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1075:
1060:
1058:9789524581646
1054:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1004:, p. 11.
1003:
998:
996:
989:, p. 42.
988:
983:
967:
966:
961:
957:
951:
945:, p. 14.
944:
939:
937:
929:
924:
917:
912:
897:
895:9780470672372
891:
887:
883:
876:
861:
855:
851:
850:
842:
836:, p. 60.
835:
830:
826:
808:
806:9780786447794
802:
798:
794:
792:
785:
774:
772:9781404213647
768:
764:
763:
758:
754:
743:
737:
733:
732:
726:
715:
709:
705:
704:
699:
698:Koch, John T.
695:
684:
678:
674:
673:
667:
663:
657:
653:
648:
637:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
603:
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
574:
570:
566:
561:
560:
543:
537:
533:
532:
526:
515:
509:
505:
504:
498:
494:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
418:
413:
412:
406:
401:
399:
395:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
333:
328:
327:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:
300:
291:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
265:
263:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
242:of Lifris of
241:
240:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Norman period
207:
203:
199:
189:
185:
177:
175:
171:
165:
159:
155:
149:
146:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
97:
93:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:
45:
44:
39:
32:
28:
23:
19:
2865:(Caledfwlch)
2750:Twrch Trwyth
2658:Brenin Llwyd
2585:Saint Cyllin
2410:Gwyn ap Nudd
2280:Cyledr Wyllt
2157:
2145:
2138:
2133:Welsh Triads
2131:
2124:
2117:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1981:
1936:Google Books
1914:. Retrieved
1899:
1882:. Retrieved
1867:
1863:Padel, O. J.
1851:. Retrieved
1836:
1823:. Retrieved
1808:
1791:. Retrieved
1773:
1750:. Retrieved
1735:
1723:, retrieved
1705:
1685:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1638:
1628:
1621:Jackson 1959
1616:
1609:Jackson 1959
1604:
1592:
1574:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1511:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1451:
1441:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1402:
1395:
1383:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1298:, p. 3.
1276:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1163:
1162:(in Welsh).
1159:
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1123:
1113:
1101:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1047:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1023:
1019:
1009:
982:
970:. Retrieved
964:
950:
943:Jackson 1959
928:Jackson 1959
923:
911:
899:. Retrieved
885:
875:
863:. Retrieved
848:
841:
829:
810:. Retrieved
796:
790:
776:. Retrieved
761:
745:. Retrieved
730:
717:. Retrieved
702:
686:. Retrieved
671:
651:
639:. Retrieved
621:
605:. Retrieved
591:
568:
545:. Retrieved
530:
517:. Retrieved
502:
482:
461:
457:
447:
439:
437:
424:
422:
415:
408:
404:
402:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
368:
363:
355:
348:Welsh Triads
345:
330:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
302:
298:
297:
277:
273:
271:
251:
236:
228:
226:
222:John T. Koch
201:
195:
187:
179:
174:cat of Palug
167:
161:
157:
151:
147:
136:
112:Cai the Fair
101:
91:
89:
75:
72:Cai the Fair
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
41:
35:
26:
18:
2826:Caer Dathyl
2755:Tylwyth Teg
2629:Animals and
2590:Saint Eigen
2500:Mallt-y-Nos
2153:Giant tales
1916:22 November
1884:22 November
1853:25 November
1825:24 November
1793:22 November
1752:27 November
1725:29 December
1654:26 November
1531:25 November
1467:26 November
1419:26 November
1218:(4): 1127.
1143:25 November
1064:24 November
1030:24 November
972:24 November
901:27 November
865:27 November
778:16 November
747:16 November
688:16 November
641:16 November
607:16 November
547:16 November
519:16 November
64:King Arthur
2894:Categories
2874:Llech Ronw
2668:Ceffyl Dŵr
2620:Ysbaddaden
2610:Tegid Foel
2560:Penpingion
2380:Gronw Pebr
2355:Gilfaethwy
2265:Creiddylad
2250:Caswallawn
2220:Blodeuwedd
2173:Characters
2126:Cad Goddeu
1910:0708311075
1847:0708316832
1819:0815321600
1787:0198115881
1695:070830690X
1678:References
1648:1851094407
1584:0708313868
1558:Green 2007
1546:Green 2007
1525:0815315112
1461:0859911322
1434:Padel 2013
1413:0415213053
1388:Green 2009
1374:0708311075
1332:Padel 2013
1320:Padel 2013
1308:Green 2007
1281:Padel 2013
1192:0708311075
1160:Llên Cymru
1137:0815315112
1002:Padel 2013
960:Rhys, John
916:Green 2009
859:1897853831
834:Green 2009
741:1897853831
713:0964244616
682:070831127X
661:0708311075
635:0815315112
601:0859911322
578:0582125839
541:1897853831
513:0708306292
492:0708306969
258:Gloucester
244:Llancarfan
2863:Excalibur
2814:Aberffraw
2786:Caer Sidi
2764:Locations
2693:Cyhyraeth
2688:Cŵn Annwn
2683:Coraniaid
2631:creatures
2600:Seithenyn
2555:Penarddun
2515:Matholwch
2505:Manawydan
2420:Gwalchmei
2345:Euroswydd
2275:Cyhyraeth
2210:Beli Mawr
2195:Arianrhod
2043:Arthurian
1245:Koch 1996
1079:Koch 1996
822:Footnotes
759:(2008) .
454:Ambrosius
411:St Samson
356:C(h)apalu
262:river Ely
248:Glamorgan
198:Old Welsh
139:dog-heads
132:Edinburgh
60:Old Welsh
2780:Celliwig
2776:Cornwall
2725:Gwyllion
2698:Dreigiau
2605:Taliesin
2580:Rhiannon
2460:Llefelys
2440:Hychddwn
2370:Gofannon
2320:Efnysien
2255:Ceridwen
2215:Bleiddwn
2205:Afallach
2185:Amaethon
2119:Taliesin
2001:Mabinogi
1897:(eds.).
1865:(2013).
1764:(1959).
1573:(2006),
1212:Speculum
962:(1893).
567:(1972).
409:Life of
394:Garwlwyd
391:werewolf
352:Wildcats
170:Anglesey
128:Tryfrwyd
2841:Ludgate
2832:Ireland
2822:Ardudwy
2810:Gwynedd
2800:Arberth
2735:Morgens
2720:Gwyllgi
2615:Teyrnon
2595:Sanddef
2570:Pryderi
2565:Peredur
2540:Myrddin
2535:Morfran
2530:Morfydd
2430:Hefeydd
2415:Gwythyr
2405:Gwydion
2350:Geraint
2335:Eliwlod
2300:Drudwas
2270:Culhwch
2235:Branwen
1806:(ed.).
1772:(ed.).
1232:2865619
466:Gwynedd
405:Peredur
317:Culhwch
256:set in
253:Peredur
86:Summary
2837:London
2804:Gwales
2678:Coblyn
2545:Nisien
2525:Modron
2445:Hyddwn
2425:Hafgan
2395:Gwrhyr
2365:Goewin
2340:Eufydd
2225:Bedwyr
2200:Arthur
2066:Pa gur
1974:series
1907:
1875:
1844:
1816:
1784:
1743:
1716:
1692:
1645:
1581:
1522:
1458:
1410:
1371:
1230:
1189:
1134:
1055:
892:
856:
812:7 July
803:
769:
738:
719:3 July
710:
679:
658:
632:
598:
575:
538:
510:
489:
458:Pa gur
444:Gildas
425:Pa gur
387:Pa gur
371:Pa gur
364:Pa gur
321:Pa gur
309:Pa gur
299:Pa gur
279:fíanna
274:Pa gur
229:Pa gur
202:Pa gur
104:Arthur
92:Pa gur
76:Pa gur
49:Pa gur
27:Pa gur
2851:Items
2818:Arfon
2796:Dyfed
2771:Annwn
2708:White
2673:Cewri
2653:Afanc
2575:Pwyll
2550:Olwen
2485:Mabon
2480:Llwyd
2475:Lludd
2455:Idris
2390:Gwern
2385:Gwawl
2290:Cynon
2260:Cigfa
2190:Arawn
2111:Other
1778:12-19
1768:. In
1710:(PDF)
1228:JSTOR
1166:: 14.
626:17-18
462:Emrys
237:Vita
96:below
2745:Pwca
2520:Menw
2510:Math
2470:Llŷr
2465:Lleu
2325:Elen
1918:2017
1905:ISBN
1886:2017
1873:ISBN
1855:2017
1842:ISBN
1827:2017
1814:ISBN
1795:2017
1782:ISBN
1754:2017
1741:ISBN
1727:2021
1714:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1656:2017
1643:ISBN
1579:ISBN
1533:2017
1520:ISBN
1469:2017
1456:ISBN
1421:2017
1408:ISBN
1369:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1145:2017
1132:ISBN
1066:2017
1053:ISBN
1032:2017
974:2017
903:2017
890:ISBN
867:2017
854:ISBN
814:2019
801:ISBN
780:2017
767:ISBN
749:2017
736:ISBN
721:2021
708:ISBN
690:2017
677:ISBN
656:ISBN
643:2017
630:ISBN
609:2017
596:ISBN
573:ISBN
549:2017
536:ISBN
521:2017
508:ISBN
487:ISBN
442:and
2703:Red
2295:Dôn
2240:Cai
1934:at
1220:doi
1210:".
1026:: 4
452:as
446:'s
350:.
282:of
74:.
2896::
2824:,
2820:,
2816:,
2802:,
1780:.
1518:.
1516:16
1339:^
1288:^
1226:.
1216:69
1214:.
1164:15
1130:.
1128:16
1086:^
1024:48
1022:.
1018:.
994:^
958:;
935:^
628:.
468:.
435:.
420:.
400:.
366:.
118:,
98:).
2843:)
2839:(
2828:)
2812:(
2806:)
2798:(
2782:)
2778:(
1964:e
1957:t
1950:v
1920:.
1888:.
1857:.
1829:.
1797:.
1756:.
1698:.
1658:.
1535:.
1471:.
1423:.
1377:.
1234:.
1222::
1195:.
1147:.
1068:.
1034:.
976:.
905:.
869:.
816:.
793:"
782:.
751:.
723:.
692:.
664:.
645:.
611:.
581:.
551:.
523:.
495:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
