634:, pp. 28–34). Nonn p.116: "Wir können lediglich festhalten: 1. Zum Zeitpunkt des Meersener Vertrages existierten im Gebiet des Groẞgaus Brabant vier Comitate. 2. Einer dieser Comitate mit dem Namen Brabant umfaẞte Orte in den Dekenaten Brüssel und Halle. 3. Im nordwestlichen Teil des Groẞgaus ist Ende des X./Anfang des XI. Jahrhunderts ein comitatus Biest belegt; ob er schon 870 als einer der vier Grafschaften existierte, läẞt sich nicht entscheiden." De Waha p.33: "Les quatre comtés brabançons ne nous sont connus que par les quelques textes citant le comté de Brabant, la mention d'un comte Jean dont on peut déduire qu'il en était le comte en 978, par deux textes situant des biens dans le comté de Biest et par l'évocation à Chiévres d'un compte Egbert, qui doit être reportée non à 928-939, mais vers 1010."
29:
242:
592:
Vanderkindere Vol.2 p.102: "au nord et à l'ouest l'Escaut, au sud la Haine, à l'est la Forêt charbonnière et la Dyle". Nonn, p.113: ""Bonenfant, der die sicher identifizierten Orte sorgfältig verkartet hat, bestätigt im wesentlichen die von
Vanderkindere angenommenen natĂĽlichen Grenzen des Gaus: im
725:
De Hertog en de Staten, de
Kanselier en de Raad, de Rekenkamer, het Leenhof, de Algemene Ontvangerij, de Drossaard en de Woudmeester, het Notariaat en het Landgraafschap Brabant : Acht bijdragen tot de studie van de instellingen in het Hertogdom Brabant in de Middeleeuwen en de Nieuwe
451:
There was a count named John in 978, who had a county, itself called
Brabant, which included Sint-Kwintens-Lennik. Vanderkindere equated him with one or two other Johns, not described as count, mentioned in a 966 record of benefices made to Nivelles Abbey, and granting land at Lupoigne and
249:
of
Hainaut (pink dots) and Brabant (purple dots) are compared to the modern provinces of Belgium. Blue is modern Flemish Brabant; Green is modern Walloon Brabant; but much of early medieval Brabant is now in East Flanders (mauve) and Hainaut (yellow). The green markers were in the
486:
and Aalst: Herzele and
Walsegem. This was the part of Brabant which would later come under Flemish control, and is still part of East Flanders province. It was named in only two texts, in 971 and 1011, and no count of Biest was
490:
There was a count named Egbert associated with Chièvres around 1010 (wrongly dated by
Vanderkindere according to de Waha). This was in the southern, Romance-speaking, part of Brabant which would later come under Hainaut
563:
The remaining part of
Brabant between Brussels and the Flemish part of Brabant also came into the hands of the counts of Leuven and Brussels at some point, and from at least 1085 they referred to themselves also as
333:
In its earliest forms such as those collected by Nonn, the first part of the name was written with variants such as brac-, brag-, brach-, braim, and brei. According to Deru, this element could derive from
545:, became part of the Flanders, making the lords of Flanders major land-holders in the Holy Roman Empire. This is referred to as "Imperial Flanders" in contrast to "Crown Flanders" (under the French king).
166:, which kept the name in use, becoming the primary name of their much larger lordship. This led to other regions later being named Brabant - in particular, the French and Dutch-speaking areas east of the
722:
Van
Droogenbroeck, Frans Jozef (2007), "Het landgraafschap Brabant (1085-1183), de territoriale en institutionele aanloop tot het ontstaan van het hertogdom Brabant",
428:, beginning around 750. Though it was on the opposite side of the Scheldt from Brabant, St Peter's had a strong involvement in lands between the Scheldt and Dender.
522:
In response to this situation, the emperors in
Germany established their own March on their side of the Scheldt. One of the first frontier lordships named was at
364:
names in this region, such as nearby
Oosterbant, and Swifterbant and Teisterbant, to the north, and is believed to be connected to the medieval concept of a "
495:
After 925 the boundary between the major Frankish kingdoms became permanently fixed along the Scheldt river, making Brabant a frontier province or
467:(946); Dikkele (991). That John's county may have been so widespread has been taken by de Waha to suggest that his county encompassed the whole
447:(in 1901) and Paul Bonenfant (in 1935) both attempted it, these attempts have been criticized by later historians. What can be said is limited:
765:
de Waha, Michel (1998), "Du pagus de Brabant au comté de Hainaut: Eléments pour servir à l'histoire de la construction de la principauté",
349:
817:
807:
459:, named Brabant were Gooik and Lennik (877 and 897). Possibly also Wambeek, Tubize and Ittre (see Nonn note 494); Meslin-l'Evéque and
573:
537:
As the 11th century progressed, three large parts of Brabant became permanently politically connected to their powerful neighbours.
802:
674:
213:) speakers in the south. Today the region includes not only bi-lingual Brussels, but also parts of the modern Dutch-speaking
87:
380:
of Brabant between the Scheldt, Haine, Lasne and Rupel rivers, corresponds closely with the northern extension of the
346:
implying marshy land (related to modern Dutch "broek"). These would both be derived from reconstructed Proto-Germanic
72:
50:
43:
644:
439:), but the definitions of these political entities can now only be speculated upon. Much of its history in the
812:
421:
572:. Van Droogenbroeck has argued that the counts of Leuven acquired this title to Brabant from their relative
146:. It was the first region known to have been called Brabant, and it included the modern capital of Belgium,
303:
179:
387:, both in terms of archaeological evidence such as Nervian coin finds, and also because it lay within the
797:
405:
769:, Annales du Cercle Royal d’Histoire et d’Archéologie du Canton de Soignies, XXXVI, pp. 25–111
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17:
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was not originally part of Brabant but acquired the name because it was integrated politically.
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This article is about the oldest known geographical entity called Brabant. For other uses, see
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The western part of Brabant, including Aalst and stretching from the Scheldt to the
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but also much of what is now modern Hainaut and Eastern Flanders, including
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Colloque de Soignies, La Charte-loi de Soignies et son environnement, 1142
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An eastern part of Brabant including Brussels became a lordship of the
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Westen und Norden die Schelde, im Osten die Dyle, im SĂĽden die Haine."
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400:- both of which had their main centres in the south, in the areas of
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291:. Louvain, which later came to be seen as part of Brabant, was, like
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The southeastern part of Brabant came under the control of the
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La formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Age
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Among places named as being within a county, not just a
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There was a county within western Brabant named Biest (
178:, which are still known as "Brabant"; and secondly the
150:. It was divided between the neighbouring counties of
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of Brabant, indicating a higher status than a normal
197:
of Brabant is and was multi-lingual, divided between
443:(before 1000) is difficult to reconstruct. Although
679:
Bulletin de la Société belge d'études géographiques
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Brabant was mentioned as containing four counties (
608:
596:
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692:"Cadres géographiques du territoire des Nerviens"
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396:of the Nervians, and its successor, the medieval
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643:A modern critical edition of the 966 charter is
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773:
416:The oldest records of Brabant come from the
368:", relating to areas of duty and authority.
283:This means the territory included not only
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774:Vanderkindere, LĂ©on (1902), "Chapter 9",
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574:Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
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36:This article includes a list of general
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735:"Les limites de la cité des Nerviens"
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818:Former states in the Low Countries
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519:upon this river frontier.
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673:Bonenfant, Paul (1935),
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237:Geographical definition
57:more precise citations.
657:Van Droogenbroeck 2007
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690:Deru, Xavier (2009),
675:"Le pagus de Brabant"
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626:Vanderkindere p.106;
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813:Carolingian counties
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398:bishopric of Cambrai
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759:Pagus und Comitatus
422:Saint Peter's Abbey
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628:Nonn (1983
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484:Oudenaarde
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120:of Brabant
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716:0035-2624
615:Nonn 1983
603:Deru 2009
389:Roman era
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180:province
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148:Brussels
63:May 2020
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497:"March"
412:History
406:Cambrai
402:Hainaut
393:civitas
350:brekanÄ…
262:Scheldt
227:Hainaut
203:Flemish
186:in the
160:Louvain
156:Hainaut
144:Belgium
91:50°45′N
51:improve
18:Brabant
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543:Dender
513:France
487:named.
476:Bisuth
385:Nervii
382:Belgic
340:brakti
211:Picard
207:French
172:Leuven
94:3°59′E
40:, but
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274:Lasne
266:Rupel
199:Dutch
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176:Wavre
132:Dutch
124:Latin
118:pagus
726:Tijd
712:ISSN
645:here
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