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807:. In 2009, cameras were installed at the site, with a live view from the nest being available on the website of the Association for Wild Animals Sokół. In 2016, after a five-year break, a pair of falcons had offspring there. In a competition of internet users, the young falcons were given the names Bazyl, Orion and Wawa. In 2017, due to the maintenance works on the spire of the building, the falcons were moved to the highest floor of the
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In 2010, the illumination of the building was modernized and high-power LED lights were installed, allowing the Palace to take various colours at night. The first use of the new lighting was during
Christmas in 2010, when the Palace was illuminated in green and white to resemble a Christmas tree. In
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Construction started in May 1952 and lasted until July 1955. The tower was built by Soviet plans, using 3,500 to 5,000 Soviet workers and 4,000 Polish workers. 16 workers died in accidents during the construction. The builders were housed at a new suburban complex built at Poland's expense, with its
501:
river. Over the axis of the future skyscraper flew a small plane pulling a balloon behind it. The group standing near the bridge had radio contact with the pilot of the plane. Initially, the balloon flew at an altitude of 100 m (330 ft), then higher at 110 and 120 m (360 and
830:
The Palace of
Culture and Science is highly controversial. It is often viewed as a reminder of Soviet influence over the Polish People's Republic, especially due to its construction during mass violations of human rights at the behest of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.
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541:. However, the main architect Lev Rudnev incorporated some Polish architectural details into the project after travelling around Poland and seeing its architecture. The monumental walls are headed with pieces of masonry copied from
814:
Cats live on the second basement floor, with the administration of the Palace of
Culture and Science responsible for their care. In the past, there were several dozen of them, while in June 2015 the number of these animals was 11.
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began from the observation deck on the 30th floor, at a height of 114 metres (374 ft). Initially a
Frenchman jumped, followed by seven Poles. After the incidents, bars were put on the terrace of the tower.
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supported the demolition of the Palace noting the expense involved in its maintenance. Other prominent government leaders have continued to endorse demolition plans, including former Prime
Minister
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on 5 April 1952. The tower was an imposed and unwanted "gift" to the people of Poland. It was erected with great propagandist fanfare and named after Joseph Stalin upon its completion in 1955.
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A collection of sculptures representing figures of the fields of culture and science surrounds the Palace. Two of them are located in front of the main entrance: one of Polish astronomer
1827:
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363:. Surrounding the building are a collection of sculptures representing figures of the fields of culture and science, with the main entrance featuring sculptures of Polish astronomer
656:, on the 11th and 12th floors of the building. The terrace on the 30th floor, at 114 metres (374 ft), is a well-known tourist attraction with a panoramic view of the city. The
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The Palace, being for many years the tallest building in the city, had a broadcast antenna installed in 1956 to enable television transmissions, which is now officially known as
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Four 6.3-metre (21 ft) clock faces were added to the top of the building ahead of the millennium celebrations in 2000. The clocks began working on 31 December 2000.
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The Palace houses various public and cultural institutions such as theatres, cinemas, libraries, university faculties and authorities of the
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concert, surrounded by many political expectations, which were avoided by Cohen in his prolonged introductions during the three-hour show.
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the dedication to Stalin was revoked. Stalin's name was removed from the colonnade, interior lobby and one of the building's sculptures.
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1368:"Stalin's "Cold War Cathedral" as Architext and Autofiction: The Identities of the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw, Poland"
585:
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317:, Poland. With a total height of 237 metres (778 ft), it is the second tallest building in both Warsaw and Poland (after the
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1111:[The "mad confectioner's dream": how did the Palace of Culture and Science come about?] (in Polish). TwojaHistoria.pl.
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own cinema, food court, community centre and swimming pool, called
Osiedle "Przyjaźni" (Neighborhood of Friendship).
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2014:
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skyscraper. They returned to the Palace of
Culture and Science after the renovation of the spire was completed.
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protests, the symbol of the movement—a single red bolt on a black background—was projected on the building.
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2191:"The Height of (Architectural) Seduction: Reading the "Changes" through Stalin's Palace in Warsaw, Poland"
1615:"The Height of (Architectural) Seduction: Reading the "Changes" through Stalin's Palace in Warsaw, Poland"
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with eight screens (Kinoteka), four theatres (Studio, Dramatyczny, Lalka and 6. piętro), two museums (
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To decide on the height of the building, Soviet and Polish architects gathered in the area of the
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The building currently serves as an exhibition centre and office complex. The Palace contains a
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Shortly after opening, many visiting dignitaries toured the Palace, and the building hosted the
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high-rise buildings, the Palace of
Culture and Science was designed by Soviet-Russian architect
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Digital television transmissions from RTCN Warszawa (PKiN) began on 22 July 2008, using the
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3002:
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1620:
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1164:[Warsaw's "Beijing" comes from a large family: "Stalin's seven sisters" and more].
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The Palace hosted performances by notable international artists, such as a 1967 concert by
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An agreement on the construction of the building was signed between the governments of the
474:
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8:
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2045:"Ile wywrotek potrzeba, by wywieźć gruz po Pałacu Kultury i po cholerę w ogóle to robić?"
784:
743:, which was removed in 2004, 13 years after the collapse of the Konstantynów radio mast.
664:
657:
648:), offices, bookshops, a large swimming pool, an auditorium hall for 3,000 people called
466:
364:
2076:"Tak wyglądałaby Warszawa bez Pałacu Kultury: Całkiem inne miasto? [Przed i po]"
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2982:
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783:) was rebroadcast from the PKiN transmitter from 1 April 1987 until 31 May 1997, for
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The Palace
Complex: A Stalinist Skyscraper, Capitalist Warsaw, and a City Transfixed
1759:
1591:
1162:"Warszawski "Pekin" pochodzi z licznej rodziny. "Siedem sióstr Stalina" i nie tylko"
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3302:
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2881:
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1295:
804:
3244:
3224:
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1968:
Urzykowski, Tomasz (20 June 2015). "Tajemnicze piwnice Pałacu dla zwiedzających".
39:
3400:
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3125:
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2513:
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1553:
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Closeup of the clock tower and RTCN Warszawa (PKiN) transmitter in
September 2010
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is kept on the roof of the Studio Theatre at the Palace of Culture and Science.
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in the world, from 2000 until the 2002 installation of a clock mechanism on the
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3034:
2737:
2531:
2525:
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Jabłoński, Krzysztof (1984). "Kronika odbudowy, budowy i rozbudowy 1945–1982".
758:
of all the country's free-to-air broadcasters are transmitted from the Palace.
722:
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3372:
3166:
3120:
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1880:"Pałac Kultury i Nauki w Warszawie z czerwoną błyskawicą: "Jesteśmy z Wami""
709:
697:
as a sign of solidarity with the protesters. On 29 January 2021, during the
3344:
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1910:"RadioPolska • Obiekt nadawczy | RTCN Warszawa *Pałac Kultury i Nauki"
762:
601:
518:
487:
261:
252:
247:
1909:
581:). The Palace retained these positions until 1961 and 1990, respectively.
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2507:
2441:
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At the time of its completion, the Palace of Culture and Science was the
550:
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330:
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1496:"Miała być wieża, powstał pałac. Niezwykła historia Warszawy sprzed lat"
3259:
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1315:
1276:
833:
Porozumienie Organizacji Kombatanckich i Niepodległościowych w Krakowie
690:
503:
349:
310:
223:
949:
772:, were shut down from RTCN Warszawa (PKiN) on 19 March 2013. Notably,
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530:
402:
A number of nicknames have been used to refer to the palace, notably
329:, retaining the position until 1961; it was also briefly the tallest
1299:
693:
protests, it was illuminated in blue and yellow, the colours of the
546:
1523:"Through The Past Darkly: The Stones Tumultuous 1967 European Tour"
733:
345:
321:), the sixth tallest building in the European Union and one of the
3351:
1522:
1137:[The drunk confectioner's nightmarish dream] (in Polish).
2489:
2477:
2357:
in the chronicle of the Repozytorium Cyfrowe Filmoteki Narodowej
2348:
in the chronicle of the Repozytorium Cyfrowe Filmoteki Narodowej
1465:"Latvian Academy of Sciences, Riga, Latvia - SpottingHistory.com"
498:
407:
1850:"Pałac Kultury podświetlony w barwach Ukrainy [Zdjęcia]"
1109:""Sen szalonego cukiernika". Jak powstał Pałac Kultury i Nauki?"
446:), as well as more pejorative appelations like "Stalin's dick" (
2701:
2400:
1442:
839:
have called for its demolition. In 2009, then Foreign Minister
819:
314:
92:
80:
2355:
Installation of the spire of the Palace of Culture and Science
2591:
2423:
2224:
Spacerownik - Pałac Kultury i Nauki. Socrealistyczna Warszawa
765:
751:
338:
318:
1681:(in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Neriton. pp. 112–113.
835:, a coalition of veteran and nationalist groups, as well as
325:. At the time of its completion in 1955, the Palace was the
2318:
1820:"Świąteczne oświetlenie Pałacu Kultury i Nauki w Warszawie"
1372:
86th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings, Constructing Identity
1166:
1046:"Pałac Kultury w Warszawie. Pomnik Stalina, Wersal Bieruta"
538:
1790:"Stolica: ponad dwa miliony na oświetlenie Pałacu Kultury"
1013:"Where outside Russia can you find Stalin's skyscrapers?"
769:
344:
Motivated by Polish historical architecture and American
2247:
Jako dowód i wyraz przyjaźni. Reportaże o Pałacu Kultury
2398:
2137:"Top Politicos 'Dream' of Demolishing Stalinist Palace"
1984:"Na dachu Pałacu Kultury zamieszkały miejskie pszczoły"
747:
transmissions began from the PKiN transmitter in 1992.
513:
The architecture of the building is closely related to
1365:
588:, held from July to August 1955. In 1956, a series of
278:
2862:
Museum of the Castle and Military Hospital at Ujazdów
2364:
Google Maps view of the Palace of Culture and Science
2221:
768:
standard until 1994 when the country changed over to
719:
Radiowo-Telewizyjne Centrum Nadawcze Warszawa (PKiN)
600:, the first by a major western rock group behind the
422:), and the "Drunk Confectioner's Nightmarish Dream" (
2244:
1195:"Moving Towards Architectural Forgiveness in Poland"
803:
The 42nd floor of the Palace is a nesting place for
2015:"The Movement to Destroy Warsaw's Tallest Building"
725:was erected to enable RTCN Warszawa (PKiN) to send
704:
667:, by Ludwika Nitschowa, and another of Polish poet
2245:Budzińska, Magdalena; Sznajderman, Monika (2015).
1676:
761:Analogue television transmissions, which used the
2346:Construction of the Palace of Culture and Science
3554:
2723:Apartment of Stefan Żeromski at the Royal Castle
1075:BESTUFS Conference: Best Urban Freight Solutions
375:. Since 2007, the PKiN has been enlisted in the
2337:Sculptures of the Palace of Culture and Science
2222:Urzykowski, Tomasz; S. Majewski, Jerzy (2015).
660:and city offices are located in the building.
2678:
2384:
2820:Museum of John Paul II and Primate Wyszyński
1551:
1251:"The City of Warsaw: The Forgotten Neon Era"
393:Pałac Kultury i Nauki imienia Józefa Stalina
2286:
1127:
1043:
978:. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015
620:The Palace at night during Christmas market
2825:Museum of King Jan III's Palace at Wilanów
2685:
2671:
2391:
2377:
2188:
1967:
1734:"Milenijny zegar odmierza czas już 12 lat"
1612:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1248:
1159:
1153:
1068:
1066:
210:123,084 m (1,324,865 sq ft)
3197:Jewish Motifs International Film Festival
1340:
565:The Palace of Culture and Science in 1960
430:. Other nicknames include the "Syringe" (
387:The building was originally known as the
2169:
2073:
1606:
1520:
1220:
1106:
1100:
1010:
708:
623:
615:
586:5th World Festival of Youth and Students
560:
523:main building of Moscow State University
473:
465:
377:Registry of Objects of Cultural Heritage
367:, by Ludwika Nitschowa, and Polish poet
2104:
1420:
1063:
1044:Kłopotowski, Krzysztof (6 March 2018).
517:built either in the Soviet Union or in
3555:
3157:International Chopin Piano Competition
3090:Warsaw National Philharmonic Orchestra
2107:"Call for Demolition of Polish Palace"
1957:(in Polish). 23 April 2020. p. 3.
1493:
1398:"Pałac Kultury i Nauki kończy 65 lat!"
1274:
1192:
1107:Zblewski, Zdzisław (6 February 2018).
418:("clown", a word that sounds close to
2877:Museum of the Polish Peasant Movement
2666:
2372:
2263:
1564:from the original on 3 September 2014
1475:from the original on 17 February 2023
1322:from the original on 17 February 2023
1242:
1214:
1186:
916:
900:
681:The Congress Hall held the finals of
470:The Palace under construction in 1953
434:), the "Elephant in Lacy Underwear" (
44:Palace of Culture and Science in 2019
3192:Festival of Jewish Culture in Warsaw
2961:Museum of Polish Military Technology
2872:Museum of the History of Polish Jews
2718:Adam Mickiewicz Museum of Literature
2201:(4). Taylor & Francis: 205–217.
2117:from the original on 19 October 2018
2105:Bernatt, Maciek (17 November 2009).
2086:from the original on 19 October 2020
2074:Stawiany, Jacek (16 November 2017).
2055:from the original on 27 January 2021
2012:
1953:"Cała Polska czeka na małe sokoły".
1701:
1025:from the original on 11 January 2022
907:
891:
632:at the Palace of Culture and Science
571:eighth tallest building in the world
535:Latvian Academy of Sciences Building
327:eighth tallest building in the world
16:High-rise building in Warsaw, Poland
3408:What Will You Do When You Catch Me?
2808:Mausoleum of Struggle and Martyrdom
2410:List of tallest buildings in Warsaw
1135:"Koszmarny sen pijanego cukiernika"
902:[ˈpawat͡skulˈturɨiˈna.ukʲi]
862:List of tallest buildings in Poland
857:List of tallest buildings in Warsaw
793:stationed in the country until 1993
410:", because of its abbreviated name
13:
2195:Journal of Architectural Education
2163:
2147:from the original on 23 April 2022
2006:
1800:from the original on 23 April 2022
1770:from the original on 29 March 2019
1714:from the original on 15 April 2022
1677:Grzesiuk-Olszewska, Irena (2003).
1174:from the original on 21 March 2023
1160:Wierzbicki, Piotr (7 March 2022).
1115:from the original on 21 March 2023
604:. In 1985, it hosted the historic
502:390 ft). The Soviets, led by
391:'s Palace of Culture and Science (
14:
3634:
2815:Museum of John Paul II Collection
2310:
1613:Zaborowska, Magdalena J. (1999).
1533:from the original on 15 July 2008
1378:from the original on 1 April 2023
1249:Costa Owen, Jay (28 April 2020).
1223:"Poland — a country reincarnated"
1221:Gardiner, Sandy (26 March 2017).
1088:from the original on 3 March 2016
944:[History of the Palace].
575:second tallest building in Europe
424:koszmarny sen pijanego cukiernika
323:tallest on the European continent
3013:
2694:
2025:from the original on 26 May 2022
1994:from the original on 4 June 2023
1890:from the original on 17 May 2022
1860:from the original on 2 June 2022
1830:from the original on 2 June 2022
1408:from the original on 28 May 2023
1011:Sorokina, Anna (13 April 2021).
754:standard. Nowadays, six digital
705:RTCN Warszawa (PKiN) transmitter
652:, and an accredited university,
579:Moscow State University Building
260:
251:
246:
85:
38:
3623:Soviet monuments outside Russia
3568:Art Deco architecture in Poland
3429:And the Violins Stopped Playing
3095:Zachęta National Gallery of Art
3070:Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra
2934:Bieliński Palace, Otwock Wielki
2778:Museum and Institute of Zoology
2129:
2098:
2067:
2051:(in Polish). 16 November 2017.
2037:
1976:
1961:
1946:
1916:
1902:
1872:
1842:
1826:(in Polish). 23 December 2010.
1812:
1796:(in Polish). 9 September 2010.
1782:
1752:
1726:
1704:"Rzeźby Pałacu Kultury i Nauki"
1695:
1670:
1640:
1576:
1545:
1514:
1487:
1457:
1390:
1366:Magdalena J. Zaboroska (1998).
1359:
1334:
1268:
461:
438:), the "Russian Wedding Cake" (
3265:University Library roof garden
2946:National Museum of Ethnography
2941:National Museum of Archaeology
2189:Zaborowska, Magdalena (2001).
2013:Babe, Ann (26 February 2018).
1886:(in Polish). 29 January 2021.
1856:(in Polish). 5 December 2013.
1619:Centre for Cultural Research,
1193:Feliks, Asia (8 August 2019).
1037:
1004:
964:
934:
825:
611:
556:
1:
3588:Poland–Soviet Union relations
3563:1955 establishments in Poland
2773:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Museum
2430:Palace of Culture and Science
2399:Buildings over 100 metres in
2326:Palace of Culture and Science
1702:Skup, Marcin (23 July 2015).
1648:"Viewing Terrace "XXX Floor""
1552:Wyszogrodzki, Daniel (n.d.).
1345:(in Polish). Warsaw: Arkady.
927:
478:Workers on the building, 1954
293:Palace of Culture and Science
181:187.68 m (615.7 ft)
24:Palace of Culture and Science
2174:. Indiana University Press.
1990:(in Polish). 7 August 2015.
1494:Białas, Adam (31 May 2023).
1277:"From Glittering Icon to..."
972:"NTT DoCoMo Yoyogi Building"
521:countries, most notably the
31:Pałac Kultury i Nauki – PKiN
7:
3202:Five Flavours Film Festival
2852:Museum of Sport and Tourism
2758:Jewish Historical Institute
2287:Chomątowska, Beata (2015).
1930:(in Polish). Archived from
1740:(in Polish). 2 January 2013
1679:Warszawska rzeźba pomnikowa
1590:(in Polish). Archived from
1441:(in Polish). Archived from
948:(in Polish). Archived from
872:Latvian Academy of Sciences
867:Socialist realism in Poland
850:
515:several similar skyscrapers
10:
3639:
3450:Jönssonligans största kupp
3436:A Short Film About Killing
1521:Tilghman, Timothy (n.d.).
1404:(in Polish). 1 July 2020.
1275:Dawson, Andrew H. (1999).
689:December 2013, during the
456:
361:Polish Academy of Sciences
335:NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building
3380:The Night of the Generals
3278:
3215:
3149:
3103:
3022:
3011:
2733:Copernicus Science Centre
2708:
2607:
2416:
2407:
2264:Stopa, Magdalena (2015).
2207:10.1162/10464880152474529
2170:Murawski, Michał (2019).
1370:. In Craig Barton (ed.).
996:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
774:Soviet Central Television
673:Stanisław Horno-Popławski
442:) and "Stalin's rocket" (
436:słoń w koronowych gatkach
373:Stanisław Horno-Popławski
276:
271:
242:
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185:
177:
169:
164:
156:
148:
109:
98:
76:
66:
58:
53:
49:
37:
28:
23:
3618:Towers completed in 1955
3060:Polish Theatre in Warsaw
2993:Warsaw University Museum
2842:Museum of Polish History
2568:Novotel Warszawa Centrum
2289:Pałac. Biografia intymna
1343:Warszawa: portret miasta
1280:The Geographical Journal
884:
798:
497:on the east bank of the
484:Polish People's Republic
189:114 m (374 ft)
173:237 m (778 ft)
3443:A Short Film About Love
2803:Museum of Pawiak Prison
2728:Asia and Pacific Museum
2496:Warsaw Financial Center
2472:Cosmopolitan Twarda 2/4
2466:InterContinental Warsaw
1972:(in Polish). p. 4.
1558:The Leonard Cohen Files
1469:www.spottinghistory.com
1228:Sarasota Herald-Tribune
878:House of the Free Press
695:Ukrainian national flag
527:House of the Free Press
495:Śląsko-Dąbrowski Bridge
382:
215:Design and construction
3608:Stalinist architecture
3573:Clock towers in Poland
3207:Warsaw Gallery Weekend
3172:Orange Warsaw Festival
3055:Polish National Ballet
2998:Warsaw Uprising Museum
2798:Museum of Independence
2743:Fryderyk Chopin Museum
1439:Pałacu Kultury i Nauki
714:
633:
621:
566:
545:houses and palaces of
479:
471:
426:), attributed to poet
395:), but in the wake of
300:
3593:Skyscrapers in Warsaw
2988:Warsaw Railway Museum
2768:Łyszkiewicz Apartment
2291:(in Polish). Kraków:
2270:History Meeting House
2268:(in Polish). Warsaw:
2266:Przed wojną i pałacem
2249:(in Polish). Czarne.
2226:(in Polish). Warsaw:
1652:Pałac Kultury i Nauki
946:Pałac Kultury i Nauki
914:Polish pronunciation:
898:Polish pronunciation:
837:Law and Justice (PiS)
712:
627:
619:
564:
477:
469:
301:Pałac Kultury i Nauki
243:Public transit access
133:52.23167°N 21.00639°E
3613:Śródmieście Północne
3513:The Zookeeper's Wife
3499:Floating Skyscrapers
3394:Death of a President
3187:Warsaw Film Festival
3085:Warsaw Chamber Opera
2857:Museum of Technology
2837:Museum of Modern Art
2783:Museum of Caricature
2502:Mennica Legacy Tower
2143:. 15 November 2017.
1854:Wyborcza.pl Warszawa
1658:on 24 September 2020
1621:University of Aarhus
880:(Bucharest, Romania)
789:Russian Armed Forces
646:Museum of Technology
428:Władysław Broniewski
313:building in central
149:Construction started
3603:Stalinism in Poland
3578:Landmarks in Poland
3317:Adventure in Warsaw
3296:The Mysterious Lady
2907:Memorial in Palmiry
2867:Museum of the Earth
2793:Museum of Evolution
2763:Legia Warsaw Museum
1628:on 12 November 2007
1292:1999GeogJ.165..154D
785:Soviet Armed Forces
732:programming to the
665:Nicolaus Copernicus
658:Warsaw City Council
642:Museum of Evolution
365:Nicolaus Copernicus
129: /
67:Architectural style
54:General information
3541:Operation Hyacinth
3534:The King of Warsaw
3359:Ashes and Diamonds
3331:To Be or Not to Be
3289:Vampires of Warsaw
2983:Warsaw Icon Museum
2956:Polish Army Museum
2902:Museum of Pharmacy
2847:Museum of Scouting
2830:Wilanów Collection
2608:Under construction
2598:Błękitny Wieżowiec
2460:Warsaw Trade Tower
1766:. 2 October 2006.
1594:on 30 January 2015
1402:Warszawa w Pigułce
918:[pɛkaiˈɛn]
845:Mateusz Morawiecki
809:Warsaw Trade Tower
781:Channel One Russia
715:
634:
622:
598:The Rolling Stones
567:
480:
472:
138:52.23167; 21.00639
3598:Socialist realism
3583:Palaces in Warsaw
3550:
3549:
3310:Kochaj tylko mnie
3240:Beaches of Warsaw
3235:Marshal Rydz Park
3080:Ujazdowski Castle
3075:Sinfonia Varsovia
2753:Geological Museum
2660:
2659:
2302:978-83-240349-4-9
2279:978-83-62020-73-7
2256:978-83-8049-118-2
2237:978-83-268-2252-0
2181:978-0-253-03996-5
1760:"Miss World 2006"
1708:Polski Socrealizm
1255:Portugal Resident
1081:(Leaflet). 2007.
942:"Historia Pałacu"
841:Radosław Sikorski
805:peregrine falcons
737:Warsaw radio mast
654:Collegium Civitas
289:
288:
230:Other information
194:Technical details
3630:
3527:1983 (TV series)
3520:Teefa in Trouble
3303:Exile to Siberia
3136:Arena COS Torwar
3131:National Stadium
3050:National Theatre
3017:
2882:Museum of Warsaw
2788:Museum of Diving
2699:
2698:
2697:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2645:Towarowa Tower B
2639:Towarowa Tower A
2532:The Warsaw Hub 2
2526:The Warsaw Hub 1
2520:Chałubińskiego 8
2393:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2322:
2321:
2319:Official website
2306:
2283:
2260:
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2218:
2185:
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2133:
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2041:
2035:
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2030:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1970:Gazeta Stołeczna
1965:
1959:
1958:
1955:Gazeta Stołeczna
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1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1654:. Archived from
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1624:. Archived from
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1580:
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961:
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938:
921:
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905:
904:
899:
895:
638:multiplex cinema
285:
282:
280:
264:
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144:
143:
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127:
126:
125:
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91:
89:
88:
42:
21:
20:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3492:Spies of Warsaw
3401:Warszawa (song)
3338:Warsaw Premiere
3281:popular culture
3280:
3274:
3211:
3177:Parada Równości
3145:
3126:KS Warszawianka
3099:
3030:Ateneum Theatre
3018:
3009:
2929:Nieborów Palace
2914:National Museum
2892:Museum of Praga
2704:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2661:
2656:
2603:
2514:Generation Park
2412:
2403:
2397:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2303:
2280:
2257:
2238:
2182:
2166:
2164:Further reading
2161:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1934:on 22 June 2016
1924:"Warszawa PKiN"
1922:
1921:
1917:
1908:
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1903:
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1891:
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1848:
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1803:
1801:
1794:Onet Wiadomości
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1738:PolskieRadio.pl
1732:
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1715:
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1492:
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1476:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1445:on 20 July 2011
1433:
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1409:
1396:
1395:
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1379:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1300:10.2307/3060413
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1247:
1243:
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1215:
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1177:
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1142:
1133:
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1128:
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1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1009:
1005:
989:
988:
981:
979:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
952:on 22 June 2019
940:
939:
935:
930:
925:
924:
913:
912:
908:
897:
896:
892:
887:
853:
828:
818:Since 2015, an
801:
707:
683:Miss World 2006
669:Adam Mickiewicz
614:
559:
464:
459:
444:rakieta Stalina
397:destalinization
385:
369:Adam Mickiewicz
309:) is a notable
277:
259:
235:Number of rooms
137:
135:
131:
128:
123:
120:
118:
116:
115:
86:
84:
45:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3626:
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3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3464:Kiler-ów 2-óch
3460:
3457:Undeclared War
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3415:Warsaw (album)
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
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3299:
3292:
3284:
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3275:
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3257:
3252:
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3227:
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3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3162:Science Picnic
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3116:Polonia Warsaw
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3045:Jewish Theatre
3042:
3037:
3035:Foksal Gallery
3032:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2978:Theatre Museum
2975:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:Museum of Wola
2894:
2889:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
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2832:
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2817:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2738:Czapski Palace
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2690:
2689:
2682:
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2405:
2404:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2339:at sztuka.net
2334:
2323:
2312:
2311:External links
2309:
2308:
2307:
2301:
2284:
2278:
2261:
2255:
2242:
2236:
2219:
2186:
2180:
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2159:
2158:
2128:
2097:
2080:Metro Warszawa
2066:
2036:
2005:
1975:
1960:
1945:
1915:
1901:
1871:
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1811:
1781:
1751:
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1687:
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1544:
1527:RockonTour.net
1513:
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1419:
1389:
1358:
1351:
1333:
1286:(2): 154–160.
1267:
1241:
1213:
1185:
1152:
1141:. 21 July 2012
1126:
1099:
1062:
1050:Rzeczpospolita
1036:
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963:
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931:
929:
926:
923:
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906:
889:
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875:
874:(Riga, Latvia)
869:
864:
859:
852:
849:
827:
824:
800:
797:
723:microwave link
706:
703:
699:Women's Strike
613:
610:
590:suicidal jumps
558:
555:
463:
460:
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384:
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303:; abbreviated
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3478:The Foreigner
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3398:
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3391:
3389:
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3387:Hrabina Cosel
3384:
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3377:
3375:
3374:
3373:Ring of Spies
3370:
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3266:
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3258:
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3253:
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3248:
3246:
3245:Mokotów Field
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Łazienki Park
3223:
3222:
3220:
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3214:
3208:
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3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
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3167:Warsaw Autumn
3165:
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3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3141:Arena Ursynów
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Makabi Warsaw
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
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3088:
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3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:Grand Theatre
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3004:
3003:Fotoplastikon
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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1554:"Warsaw 1985"
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1139:Polskie Radio
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3345:A Generation
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3270:Kabaty Woods
3250:Saxon Garden
3230:Ujazdów Park
3111:Legia Warsaw
2973:Royal Castle
2966:Katyń Museum
2580:Złote Tarasy
2436:Warsaw Spire
2429:
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2149:. Retrieved
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1996:. Retrieved
1987:
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1932:the original
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950:the original
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791:) personnel
763:Eastern Bloc
760:
749:
741:Konstantynów
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602:Iron Curtain
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462:Construction
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290:
220:Architect(s)
160:22 July 1955
103:Plac Defilad
30:
18:
3471:The Pianist
3065:TR Warszawa
2951:Neon Museum
2924:Królikarnia
2700:Culture in
2633:Skyliner II
2556:Atlas Tower
2508:Centrum LIM
2442:Warsaw Unit
2424:Varso Tower
2359:(in Polish)
2350:(in Polish)
2341:(in Polish)
2090:14 February
2059:14 February
1988:Wyborcza.pl
1744:14 February
1502:(in Polish)
1479:17 February
1326:17 February
826:Controversy
756:multiplexes
612:Present day
577:(after the
557:Early years
543:Renaissance
331:clock tower
319:Varso Tower
199:Floor count
186:Observatory
136: /
111:Coordinates
3557:Categories
3422:Teddy Bear
3260:Praga Park
3255:Warsaw Zoo
2748:Gas Museum
2615:The Bridge
2544:Łucka City
2331:Structurae
2121:19 October
1884:Radio Eska
1598:29 January
1568:29 October
1435:"Historia"
928:References
691:Euromaidan
533:, and the
504:Lev Rudnev
440:ruski tort
432:strzykawka
350:Lev Rudnev
224:Lev Rudnev
207:Floor area
152:2 May 1952
124:21°00′23″E
121:52°13′54″N
3506:Warsaw 44
3279:Warsaw in
3182:Ursynalia
2629:(131.5 m)
2627:Upper One
2586:PZU Tower
2574:Intraco I
2480:(159.2 m)
2417:Completed
2215:144827612
2019:Next City
1308:0016-7398
1145:14 August
730:Program I
531:Bucharest
356:" style.
341:, Japan.
311:high-rise
157:Completed
71:Stalinist
62:Mixed-use
2887:Barbican
2651:Studio A
2621:Skyreach
2538:Spektrum
2454:Złota 44
2448:Skyliner
2151:23 April
2145:Archived
2141:Pulse.ng
2115:Archived
2111:BBC News
2084:Archived
2053:Archived
2029:23 April
2023:Archived
1992:Archived
1894:23 April
1888:Archived
1864:23 April
1858:Archived
1834:23 April
1828:Archived
1804:23 April
1798:Archived
1768:Archived
1764:CBS News
1712:Archived
1632:18 April
1588:Kinoteka
1562:Archived
1531:Archived
1473:Archived
1406:Archived
1376:Archived
1320:Archived
1260:4 August
1234:29 April
1206:29 April
1200:The Isis
1178:21 March
1172:Archived
1119:21 March
1113:Archived
1092:19 April
1083:Archived
1023:Archived
992:cite web
956:22 March
851:See also
745:FM radio
734:longwave
573:and the
486:and the
346:art deco
77:Location
3485:Reverse
2710:Museums
2653:(102 m)
2647:(105 m)
2641:(105 m)
2635:(130 m)
2623:(170 m)
2617:(174 m)
2600:(100 m)
2594:(103 m)
2588:(104 m)
2582:(105 m)
2576:(107 m)
2570:(111 m)
2564:(115 m)
2558:(116 m)
2552:(120 m)
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2540:(128 m)
2534:(130 m)
2528:(130 m)
2522:(139 m)
2516:(140 m)
2510:(140 m)
2504:(140 m)
2498:(143 m)
2492:(155 m)
2490:Skysawa
2486:(159 m)
2478:Rondo 1
2474:(160 m)
2468:(164 m)
2462:(187 m)
2456:(192 m)
2450:(195 m)
2444:(202 m)
2438:(220 m)
2432:(237 m)
2426:(310 m)
1774:4 March
1662:4 March
1537:25 July
1449:25 July
1382:1 April
1316:3060413
1288:Bibcode
1029:30 July
982:30 July
976:Emporis
787:(later
779:(later
499:Vistula
457:History
451:Stalina
408:Beijing
272:Website
266:Centrum
99:Address
3366:Eroica
3217:Nature
3150:Events
3104:Sports
2702:Warsaw
2550:Forest
2401:Warsaw
2299:
2276:
2253:
2234:
2213:
2178:
1998:3 June
1938:3 June
1718:4 June
1685:
1506:4 June
1412:28 May
1349:
1314:
1306:
1055:4 June
820:apiary
551:Zamość
547:Kraków
525:, the
315:Warsaw
297:Polish
165:Height
93:Poland
90:
81:Warsaw
3352:Kanał
3324:Siege
2592:Ilmet
2228:Agora
2211:S2CID
2049:Noizz
1824:RMF24
1312:JSTOR
1086:(PDF)
1079:(PDF)
885:Notes
799:Fauna
766:SECAM
752:DVB-T
671:, by
420:Pałac
416:Pajac
404:Pekin
371:, by
339:Tokyo
281:.pkin
3023:Arts
2297:ISBN
2293:Znak
2274:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2232:ISBN
2176:ISBN
2153:2022
2123:2018
2092:2021
2061:2021
2031:2022
2000:2023
1940:2023
1896:2022
1866:2022
1836:2022
1806:2022
1776:2020
1746:2021
1720:2023
1683:ISBN
1664:2020
1634:2008
1600:2015
1570:2012
1539:2008
1508:2023
1500:Onet
1481:2023
1451:2008
1414:2023
1384:2023
1347:ISBN
1328:2023
1304:ISSN
1262:2024
1236:2024
1208:2024
1180:2023
1167:Fakt
1147:2024
1121:2023
1094:2008
1057:2023
1031:2022
998:link
984:2022
958:2016
644:and
628:The
549:and
539:Riga
449:chuj
412:PKiN
383:Name
352:in "
306:PKiN
291:The
238:3288
178:Roof
59:Type
2484:Q22
2328:at
2203:doi
1296:doi
1284:165
770:PAL
739:at
537:in
529:in
453:).
414:),
337:in
283:.pl
279:www
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