36:
265:
285:
1330:
1282:
1319:
1350:
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190:). The second and subsequent registers contain portions of royal annals for pharaohs of the First to Fourth Dynasties, that is lists of the key events in each year of the reign of each king, arranged chronologically. The second register on the Palermo Stone begins with the final year entries for a king of the
361:
There are uncertainties regarding the date of the
Palermo Stone and of the Royal Annals it records. It is unknown whether the inscription was done all at once or whether it was added to over time. It is also unknown whether or not it dates from the latest period it describes (i.e. from no later than
377:
Various parts of the ancient text are in widely varying states of preservation, which makes the text difficult to decipher. If the text is a later copy, rather than a Fifth
Dynasty original, errors and invention may have crept in during the copying process.
366:(747–656 BCE). It seems clear from the content of the inscription that even if the Royal Annals, as preserved by the Palermo Stone and other fragments, were not carved during, or soon after, the period they describe, they are directly based on an
325:
The
Palermo Stone was purchased by a Sicilian lawyer, Ferdinand Guidano, in 1859 and it has been in Palermo since 1866. On 19 October 1877, it was presented to the Palermo Archaeological Museum by the Guidano family, where it has remained since.
373:
It is also unknown whether all the surviving fragments are parts of the same stele or whether they come from separate copies. None of the smaller fragments held in Cairo have any clear provenance, and they might not all be genuine.
162:
The
Palermo Stone and other fragments of the Royal Annals preserve what is probably the oldest historical text that has survived from Ancient Egypt and form a key source for Egyptian history in the Old Kingdom.
352:
The importance of the
Palermo Stone was not recognized until it was noticed by a visiting French archaeologist in 1895. The first full publication and translation was that done in 1902 by Heinrich Schäfer.
171:
The Royal Annals stele, of which the
Palermo Stone formed part, may originally have been about 60 cm high and 2.1m wide. The fragments are composed of a compact hard black stone, probably a form of
313:
The original location of the stele is unknown and none of the surviving fragments have a secure archeological provenance. One fragment now in Cairo is said to have been found at an archaeological site at
202:. The rest of the second register is taken up with the first nine annual entries for this king's successor, who is again not named on the fragment, but is assumed to be either Aha or his successor
159:. The fragments are also sometimes described collectively as the "Cairo Annals Stone", although the term "Cairo Stone" is also used to mean only those fragments of the Royal Annals now in Cairo.
221:. From the surviving fragments, it is unclear whether the Royal Annals originally continued beyond this point in time. Where a king is named, the name of his mother is also recorded, such as
533:
names some predynastic rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt, presumably referring to a time before Egypt was unified. Identification of these kings with historical persons remains controversial.
35:
136:
2392–2283 BCE) and noted significant events in each year of their reigns. It was probably made during the Fifth
Dynasty. The Palermo Stone is held in the
540:
may have used information similar to the complete Royal Annals stele to construct his chronology of the early dynasties of Egypt, forming part of his
179:
The
Palermo Stone itself is an irregular shield-shaped fragment, 43.5 cm high, 25 cm wide and 6.5 cm thick (maximum dimensions).
976:
337:, four of which were acquired between 1895 and 1914. The fifth was purchased on the antiquities market in 1963. One small fragment is in the
186:
text running right to left. The first register lists the names of predynastic kings of Lower Egypt (identified as such by the wearing of the
137:
1002:
529:) (c. 3100 or 3000 BCE) as the first king of the First Dynasty and so credit him with unifying Egypt. However, the top register of the
151:
The term "Palermo Stone" is sometimes applied to all seven surviving fragments of the Royal Annals, including those held in museums in
1074:
390:
and, for example, preserve names of members of the royal families during the first five dynasties, which are not otherwise recorded.
1394:
1303:
1131:
268:
The Royal Annals of Egypt, showing a suggested reconstruction of the stele and the positions of the seven surviving fragments.
937:
805:
1399:
1249:
792:
1363:
1121:
1116:
997:
240:
Information recorded in the Royal Annals (as preserved on the
Palermo Stone) includes measurements of the height of the
213:
The text continues on the "back" (verso) of the
Palermo Stone, cataloguing events during the reigns of pharaohs down to
969:
1086:
917:
902:
888:
852:
730:
710:
632:
1404:
1239:
1007:
386:
The Palermo Stone and the other associated fragments of the Royal Annals are a vital source for the history of the
1409:
1389:
1384:
1271:
1217:
1069:
1343:
1244:
1030:
1025:
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363:
182:
The inscription on the "front" (recto) of the Palermo Stone consists of six horizontal bands or registers of
1177:
1052:
1020:
649:
1261:
1224:
1172:
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1111:
561:. These may be mythical kings preserved through oral tradition, or may even be completely fictitious.
1234:
1202:
1187:
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206:. The remainder of the inscription on this side continues with royal annals down to the kings of the
1414:
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207:
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1106:
487:
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218:
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129:
121:
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465:
362:
the Fifth Dynasty). It has been suggested that the stele was made much later, perhaps in the
1323:
1281:
1138:
1047:
1040:
869:
821:
1956, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte und Altertumskunde Ă„gyptens 18
506:
241:
183:
113:
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most closely related to his work (as preserved by later ancient and later writers) is the
8:
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The surviving Royal Annals fragments contains the names of the following pharaohs:
20:
948:
Gallery of images of Palermo Stone and Cairo fragments (and more) by J.D. Degreef
796:
551:
546:(History of Egypt), written during the third century BCE, although the surviving
510:
346:
330:
16:
Fragment of a stele known as the Royal Annals of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt
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Extract of a lecture given by T.A.H. Wilkinson, University College London 2000
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474:(4th dynasty), first pharaoh using the sun symbol in a royal cartouche.
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whose name is not preserved, but who is generally assumed to be either
705:. p.349. Yale University Press. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1999.
419:
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226:
187:
677:
The Palermo Stone: the Earliest Royal Inscription from Ancient Egypt
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397:
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876:, vol. I, sections 76–167. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
322:. No find site for the Palermo Stone itself has been suggested.
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679:, Altoriental. Forsch., Akademie Verlag, 37 (2010) 1, 68–89.
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The Palermo stone also mentions 9 predynastic pharaohs from
120:. The stele contained a list of the kings of Egypt from the
441:
407:
203:
819:
Untersuchungen zu Manetho und den ägyptischen Königslisten
345:, forming part of the collection of the archeologist Sir
943:
Image of London fragment and translation, Petrie Museum
832:
Was there an Old Kingdom historiography? Is it datable?
868:
Partial and dated English translation of the text in
583:
Wazner, also Wazenez, Wadjenedj and possibly Wenegbu
329:
There are five fragments of the Royal Annals in the
790:The Reconstructed Chronology of the Egyptian Kings
1376:
925:The Palermo Stone and the Archaic Kings of Egypt
773:The Palermo Stone and the Archaic Kings of Egypt
256:), taxation, sculpture, buildings, and warfare.
128:3150–2890 BCE) through to the early part of the
40:The Palermo Stone, the fragment of the Egyptian
746:. New York: Columbia University Press, p.23ff.
650:"The Palermo Stone and its unsolved mysteries"
296:, London, which is inscribed with part of the
970:
138:Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas
625:The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt
883:. London: University Bookshop Publications.
847:p.85 New York: Columbia University Press).
775:. California: Paulette Pub. Co., p.113-131.
754:
752:
977:
963:
800:, Vol I & II, Whangarei, New Zealand.
34:
259:
108:is one of seven surviving fragments of a
984:
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283:
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897:. New York: Columbia University Press.
881:The Palermo Stone: An Arithmetical View
703:Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids
303:and at the bottom with a sign from the
1377:
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958:
617:
1339:
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641:
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927:. Calif: Paulette Pub. Co, 113-131.
723:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
648:Schirò, Saverio (9 February 2021).
577:Thesh, also known as Tjesh and Tesh
13:
669:
233:mother of the Fourth Dynasty king
148:, from which it derives its name.
14:
1426:
1087:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
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638:
509:Egyptian king lists, such as the
225:mother of the First Dynasty king
112:known as the Royal Annals of the
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1338:
1329:
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725:, p.5. Oxford University Press.
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349:(and purchased by him in 1914).
252:, details of festivals (such as
1395:1859 archaeological discoveries
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908:Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (1999).
893:Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (2000).
845:Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt.
843:Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (2000).
758:Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (1999).
742:Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (2000),
736:
715:
695:
682:
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490:), founder of the 5th dynasty.
464:(4th dynasty), builder of the
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1:
895:Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt
744:Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt
627:, p.62. Thames & Hudson,
610:
276:are the Cairo fragments, and
69:
834:1996, Orientalia 65: 197-208
7:
1400:Ancient Egyptian King lists
1272:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
1092:Population history of Egypt
593:
521:, 1294–1279 BCE), identify
513:(13th century BCE) and the
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879:St. John, Michael (1999).
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675:Hsu, Hsu, Shih-Wei (2010)
568:Hsekiu, alternatively Seka
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343:University College London
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1324:Ancient Egypt portal
874:Ancient Records of Egypt
574:Tiu, also known as Teyew
44:housed in Palermo, Italy
19:Not to be confused with
1405:Ancient Egyptian stelas
690:Commentary on Herodotus
688:Lloyd, Alan B. (1988),
1410:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
1390:24th-century BC steles
1385:25th-century BC steles
536:The ancient historian
310:
281:
280:is the London fragment
272:is the Palermo Stone,
260:Archaeological history
998:Glossary of artifacts
923:O'Mara, P.F. (1979).
912:. London: Routledge.
771:O'Mara, P.F. (1979).
760:Early Dynastic Egypt.
623:Dodson, Aidan (2004)
466:Great Pyramid of Giza
287:
267:
217:, third ruler of the
910:Early Dynastic Egypt
364:Twenty-fifth Dynasty
292:, on display at the
1144:Cursive hieroglyphs
1117:Funerary practices
795:2017-02-11 at the
784:Tetley, C. (2014)
311:
288:A fragment of the
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1127:Great Royal Wives
1097:Prehistoric Egypt
806:978-0-473-29338-3
721:Shaw, Ian (2003)
701:O'Neill, John P.
500:Neferirkare Kakai
242:annual Nile flood
215:Neferirkare Kakai
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1008:Main topics
692:99–132 p.8.
559:Lower Egypt
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511:Turin Canon
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1294:Egyptology
1262:Technology
1225:Philosophy
1173:Literature
1065:Chronology
872:, (1906).
611:References
543:Aegyptiaca
525:(probably
517:(reign of
478:Shepseskaf
250:inundation
77:Discovered
1198:Mythology
1122:Geography
1112:Dynasties
1060:Astronomy
548:king list
420:Semerkhet
246:Nilometer
227:Semerkhet
188:Red Crown
1334:Category
1255:District
1250:Capitals
1235:Religion
1218:Titulary
1208:Pharaohs
1188:Military
1183:Medicine
1166:Hieratic
1156:Language
1082:Clothing
1036:Obelisks
830:O'Mara,
793:Archived
594:See also
472:Djedefre
426:Nynetjer
308:register
301:register
274:nos. 1-5
235:Seneferu
1354:Outline
1344:Commons
1304:Museums
1240:Scribes
1230:Pottery
1161:Demotic
1151:History
1102:Cuisine
1031:Revival
863:Sources
817:Helck,
538:Manetho
484:Userkaf
452:Sneferu
398:Hor-Aha
316:Memphis
306:Sneferu
248:), the
223:Betrest
142:Palermo
89:Palermo
72:2338 BC
66:Created
53:43.5 cm
1203:People
1070:Cities
988:topics
916:
901:
887:
851:
804:
729:
709:
666:Dodson
631:
527:Narmer
519:Seti I
494:Sahure
196:Narmer
174:basalt
157:London
134:
126:
93:Sicily
50:Height
1267:Trade
1245:Sites
1193:Music
1107:Dance
1041:Pylon
1003:Index
580:Neheb
571:Khayu
523:Menes
462:Khufu
335:Cairo
244:(see
153:Cairo
146:Italy
110:stele
97:Italy
61:25 cm
58:Width
1213:List
1132:List
1075:List
914:ISBN
899:ISBN
885:ISBN
849:ISBN
802:ISBN
727:ISBN
707:ISBN
629:ISBN
586:Mekh
442:Huni
408:Djer
229:and
204:Djer
155:and
104:The
1048:Art
565:…pu
414:Den
341:of
333:in
200:Aha
198:or
132:(c.
124:(c.
116:of
1381::
751:^
652:.
640:^
589:…a
554:.
458:).
448:).
432:).
404:).
237:.
210:.
176:.
144:,
95:,
91:,
70:c.
978:e
971:t
964:v
950:.
920:.
905:.
855:.
733:.
656:.
635:.
486:(
468:.
454:(
444:(
428:(
400:(
278:L
270:P
23:.
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