1233:
1466:, and had a strong following in the kibbutz movement. Since most of the Palmach's members came from the kibbutzim, the Mapam dominated the Palmach, with a majority of its officers being members. After 1948 Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of the new state, had a series of confrontations with leaders of the Haganah and the Palmach. In a process that Ben-Gurion described as de-politicizing the army, the three Palmach brigades were disbanded and in 1950 most of the Mapam officers resigned. Those Palmach members who had been in Mapam and remained in the army had to endure several years on the margins. The effect of the de-politicizing was that all senior army posts were held by Mapai members or Ben-Gurion loyalists. After demobilization many Palmach members founded new kibbutzim. In 1949 they set up
1130:
1045:
975:
610:
850:
55:
1395:
468:
797:
415:
68:
244:
1245:
1060:
1253:
350:
1407:
31:
1214:
Around 520 of the fatalities had been born in
Palestine; of whom 117 were from Tel Aviv, 97 from Jerusalem and 56 from Haifa. Over 550 had been born in Europe and Russia; with 181 from Poland, 99 from Germany and 95 from Romania. Another 131 of the dead originated from Arab and Muslim countries; 32
1326:
Mk V aircraft and two Mk IIIs were purchased by Aviron from RAF scrapheap at Tel Nof 14 January 1947, with at least 13 aircraft restored to flying condition. First delivered late Feb 1948, these were used by the
Palavir's, Tel Aviv, Galilee and Negev Squadrons for supply, reconnaissance and light
1012:
In May 1948 the
Palmach had 2,200 permanently mobilised members. A different source puts the size of the Palmach as 3,000 at the end of November 1947, and, following the mobilization of 3,000 reserves, five battalions were formed by May 1948, consisting of 5,000 fighters of whom 1,200 were women.
1005:
On 6 May the
Palmach launched an attack on Safad. It failed to capture the citadel and the Palmach had to withdraw. The defenders offered a cease-fire, which Allon refused. A second attack was launched on 9 May. This was preceded by a "massive concentrated barrage" using mortars and Davidkas. The
334:, it consisted of over 2,000 men and women in three fighting brigades and auxiliary aerial, naval and intelligence units. With the creation of Israel's army, the three Palmach Brigades were disbanded. This and political reasons compelled many of the senior Palmach officers to resign in 1950.
1294:(Sea Companies): the naval force of the Palmach was formed in 1943, attached to the Palmach's Staff Battalion (the 4th Battalion). They were in charge of underwater demolition and maritime activity units. The majority of their activities were related to the escorting of ships of
959:
Following the failed ALA attack on the
Haganah base at Mishmar Ha'amek, and the Haganah's refusal of an offer of a truce, Haganah and Palmach troops counterattacked. Between 8 and 14 April, ten villages came under Palmach's control. Within two weeks they were leveled.
1141:
The
Palmach memorial site records 37 deaths of Palmach members between May 1941 and May 1945. Thirty-one are described as killed in action, six were killed while serving in the British Army and six were killed in the "Struggle against the British Government".
1972:, explores the Palmach legacy through the stories of individuals and groups. Visitors to the museum join the group of young Palmach recruits from its establishment, and advanced through the story of the Palmach until the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
1516:" culture. Palmach activities included "Kumzitz" (sitting around a fire at night, eating, talking and having fun), public singing and cross-country walking trips. These often took on mythical proportions and have become favorite activities for Israelis.
756:. An order dated 3 January 1948 said "The aim is ... to attack northern part of the village of Salama ... to cause deaths, to blow up houses and to burn everything possible." In the Upper Galilee, the Palmach's third Battalion commanded by
1145:
A further 39 members of the
Palmach died between the May 1945 and November 1947. Twenty-one are recorded as killed in action and one killed in battle, fourteen being killed during the attempt to blow up the Achziv Bridge during the
2446:
Khalidi. For example: p. 142, Abu Shushe, 155 houses in 1945 survey; p. 143, Abu Zurayq, 30 houses blown up; p. 160, al
Ghubbayya, 38 houses; p. 169, al Kafrayn "blown up completely", 95 houses; Al Mansi "all houses blown up", 98
1153:
Between the beginning of
December 1947 and the end of May 1948, when the Israeli army was created, 574 deaths are listed, of whom 524 were killed in action or in battle; 77 while on convoy duty or securing roads; 59 during
1282:: the "Arab Platoon" performed covert operations and espionage missions against Arab militias, which frequently attacked Jewish settlements. It was the base for the Israeli Defense Forces's and the Israeli Border Police's
1114:. The Yiftah Brigade was later transferred to the north. The Harel Brigade was centered on Jerusalem. The merging of the Palmach into the Israeli army involved a series of power struggles with Ben-Gurion, known as
2171:
Silver, p. 68: Weizmann threatened to resign "I demand you stop all operations by all three underground groups." 17 July 1946. (before the King David bomb). p. 73: Ben-Gurion acquiesced in a return to diplomacy.
502:
work and
Zionist education was called "Hach'shara Meguyeset" ืืืฉืจื ืืืืืกืช (meaning "Drafted/Recruited Training"). Later, Zionist youth movements offered members aged 18โ20 an opportunity to join core groups
1232:
3002:
397:. Since the Palmach consisted of unpaid volunteers, the funding was used to cover the needs of twice that number of men. When the British ordered the dismantling of Palmach after the Allied victory at the
2038:
Stephen Russell Cox (2015) Britain and the origin of Israeli Special Operations: SOE and PALMACH during the Second World War, Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 8:1, 60-78, DOI:10.1080/17467586.2014.964741
1002:. During the following two days Palmach sappers blew up and burned all the houses. In the aftermath of the capture of this village Battalion Commander Kelman ordered the execution of seventy prisoners.
865:, in which they demolished 30 houses, six were left standing due to lack of explosives. The objective was to prevent them being occupied by British troops as a base against illegal immigrants.
365:
in the event of their victory over the British in North Africa. Secondly, if the British army were to retreat from Palestine, Jewish settlements might come under attack from the Arab population.
494:
work. The proposal was accepted in August 1942, when it was also decided that each month Palmach members would have eight training days, 14 work days and seven days off. The program of combined
706:
After a gap of over ten months the Palmach resumed operations. The one weapon of which there was no shortage was locally produced explosives. On 20 May 1947 they blew up a coffee house in
2162:
Silver, p. 64: 27 December 1946 โ 10 British servicemen killed; 25 February 1946 โ 20 RAF planes destroyed; 26 April 1946 โ 6 paratroopers killed in their beds at their Tel Aviv barracks.
1501:
Yigal Allon, considered by many to be the representative of the Palmach generation, never reached a position of national leadership although he was Prime Minister for a few days between
692:", launched on 29 June 1946. A combination of the crackdown and the Jewish civilian leadership's outrage at the King David attack led Ben-Gurion to call off further Palmach operations.
589:
who would take the initiative and set an example for their troops. It trained squad commanders and company commanders. The major commanders training course was in the Palmach and many
369:
was named as Palmach commander. Initially the group consisted of around one hundred men. In the early summer of 1941 the British military authorities agreed to joint operations against
783:
after they were attacked by hundreds of Arab locals and militias. The bodies of the Palmach and Haganah fighters were mutilated to the point that some of them could not be recognized.
1498:. Palmach members were not, however, a unified, homogeneous collective with a single ideology. In the early years of the state of Israel they could be found in all political parties.
2935:
1071:. On 22 June 1948 the Irgun moored the Altalena, loaded with weapons, off Tel Aviv. Ben-Gurion ordered the Palmach to prevent the arms being landed. In an operation commanded by
3012:
1864:
1201:. By district 234 died in the Negev and Southern Plain; 62 in Jerusalem and surrounds; 44 around Latrun; 42 in the Gaza Strip and 41 in the Central Plain and Coastal Strip.
2943:
3007:
1181:
From June 1948 to December 1949, during which time the Palmach was absorbed into the army, 527 members died, 452 killed in action or in battle; 101 were killed during
1836:
662:
when the Palmach sank three British patrol boats, 2 in Haifa and one in Jaffa, and were involved in 153 bomb attacks on bridges and culverts of the railway system.
389:. Twenty-three Palmach members and a British liaison officer set out by sea but were never heard of again. On 8 June mixed squads of Palmach and Australians began
2918:
2663:
2624:
2497:
2133:
2410:
Khalidi, p. 309, quotes Harry Levin's eyewitness account; p. 278., 41 houses destroyed in Bayt Naqquba; p. 276, gives the size of Sixth Battalion as 400โ500 men.
1858:
1204:
By Brigade, 313 members of the Harel Brigade were killed, 312 from the Negev and 274 from the Yiftach. One of the dead is listed as also being a member of the
1870:
1848:
1036:. Although inferior in numbers and arms, Palmach soldiers held out long enough to allow the Haganah to mobilise the Jewish population and prepare for war.
361:
High Command in May 1941. Its aim was to defend the Palestinian Jewish community against two potential threats. Firstly the occupation of Palestine by the
1782:
593:
commanders were sent to be trained in the Palmach. The Palmach commanders' course was the source for many field commanders, who were the backbone of
1749:
2688:
Wendtorf, Dirk. โThe German Platoon of the Palmach: the First German-Jewish Fighting Unit in the Second World War and the Unsung Story of Heroism.โ
1386:), which literally means "after me!" or "follow me!". It refers to the commander leading his troops instead of sending them out and staying behind.
1743:
1519:
The Palmach also contributed many anecdotes, jokes, "chizbat" (short funny tales, often based on exaggerations), songs and even books and stories.
337:
The Palmach contributed significantly to Israeli culture and ethos, well beyond its military contribution. Its members formed the backbone of the
1842:
1820:
647:'s decision, 1 October 1945, to launch an armed struggle against the British, the Palmach entered an alliance with the dissident groups, called
1737:
701:
1936:
1824:
1810:
772:, 4 April 1948, a Palmach unit in two armoured cars destroyed "nine bedouin lay-bys and one mud hut" after a mine attack on a Jewish Patrol.
673:
with a 200-pound bomb; in the firefight that followed, the Palmach suffered casualties. In June 1946 the Palmach blew up ten of the eleven
3017:
2123:
Horne, pp. 295โ96. Also note the author's comment that the Palestine Police found the Palmach easier to penetrate than the Irgun. p. 298.
1830:
1218:
Of the dead, 633 were aged between 18 and 22 years, 302 were between 22 and 25, 138 were 26 and over, and 91 were under 18 years of age.
715:
684:
The alliance was never completely under Haganah control and the Irgun launched a series of ever more ruthless attacks culminating in the
2987:
729:, near the Lebanese border; a dozen civilians were killed. On 31 December 1947 170 men from the Palmach launched an attack on
2940:
2026:
490:
and supply them with food, homes and resources. In return the platoon would safeguard the kibbutz and carry out work such as
486:, suggested the Palmach could be self-funding by having its members work in the kibbutzim. Each kibbutz would host a Palmach
1079:
as his deputy, a cannon was used to sink the ship. One member of the Palmach and fourteen members of the Irgun were killed.
582:. Platoon training included long marches, combined live-fire drills with artillery support and machine guns and mortars.
2997:
2977:
898:
Following the attempt to clear the road to Jerusalem, Palmach units "more or less systematically leveled the villages of
876:
and its sub-operations Palmach units were used to demolish villages with the objective of preventing them being used by
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2832:
2667:
2632:
2501:
2141:
768:, 16 March 1948, in retaliation for a land mine, they blew up five houses and killed "30 Arab adults". In the Northern
1121:
In total, the Palmach lost 1,187 fighters during the war of independence and in the years prior to Israel's creation.
2902:
2770:
2540:
2381:
2254:
2230:
2083:
2002:
836:
454:
2982:
1264:: the "German Platoon" (aka the Middle East Commando) performed covert operations and sabotage operations against
393:. The success of these operations led the British GHQ to fund a sabotage training camp for three hundred men at
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The Palmach put an emphasis on training field commanders (ืืคืงืื ืฉืื) and formed the basis for the Israeli army.
2874:
2853:
2813:
1198:
818:
618:
436:
1174:. By district 171 members of the Palmach were killed in Jerusalem and the surrounding area, 104 in and around
677:
connecting Palestine to its neighbouring countries. Fourteen Palmach members were killed during the attack on
2992:
2926:
1211:
The Palmach memorial site records the death of 34 female members, seventeen killed in action or in battle.
779:, the Palmach lost 18 men (along with 17 other Haganah fighters) on their way to reinforce the garrison at
2763:
Israel's Border Wars, 1949โ1956. Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War
2392:
Morris, p. 54. Describes it as "the first pre-planned expulsion of an Arab community by Haganah in 1948".
1006:
empty Arab quarter of Safad was occupied on 11 May. Between 12,000 and 15,000 refugees had been created.
738:
398:
2750:
2557:
1053:
648:
390:
2186:
1020:. At the beginning of the war, Palmach units were responsible for holding Jewish settlements (such as
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1334:
1017:
995:
579:
331:
954:
814:
685:
432:
144:
1796:
1115:
807:
546:. Most of the Palmach members received advanced training in one or more of the following areas:
425:
2808:(in Hebrew). Israel: the Ministry of Defence, Israel and the Galili Center for Defence Studies.
1371:, with four battalions (2nd, 7th, 8th and 9th), one of which was the jeep mounted "Negev Beasts"
1215:
from Turkey, 23 from Syria and 21 from the Yemen. Of the remainder 13 had been born in the USA.
1487:
1314:(The Air Companies): made up of Jewish pilots, the Palmach air force was incorporated into the
1226:
The Palmach was organised into regular companies (six in 1943), and five or six special units.
1083:
220:
172:
2941:
The Palmach convention, October 1949, Exhibition in the IDF&Defense establishment archives
1419:
628:
598:
341:
high command for many years, and were prominent in Israeli politics, literature and culture.
338:
228:
184:
124:
116:
92:
2210:
For example, all the land mines used against Rommel came from Jewish factories in Palestine.
1147:
899:
881:
877:
765:
674:
180:
8:
2712:
Peri, p. 47. Five Brigade Commanders and its Commanding Officer Yigal Allon were members.
2696:
1969:
1945:
1471:
1361:, with three battalions operating (4th, 5th and 10th) in the Jerusalem area commanded by
1303:
659:
655:
382:
327:
224:
132:
60:
764:, 15 February, and blew up ten houses, killing 11 villagers. Further north, they raided
2843:
1991:
1323:
1163:
893:
636:
483:
216:
108:
100:
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2864:
2849:
2828:
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2766:
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2571:
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2536:
2377:
2250:
2244:
2226:
2201:
2193:
2079:
2022:
1998:
1907:
as "the finest of our commando soldiers, the best soldier ever to emerge in the IDF".
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1319:
1167:
969:
858:
168:
164:
120:
104:
1129:
1044:
974:
609:
2972:
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1604:
1443:
1348:
the Palmach was expanded to form three infantry brigades commanded by Yigal Allon:
1155:
689:
644:
543:
515:
479:
386:
318:, "Strike Companies") was the elite combined strike forces and sayeret unit of the
188:
176:
152:
136:
1512:
Besides military contributions, the Palmach had great influence over the Israeli "
1067:
The Palmach's last operation as an independent unit was against the Irgun, in the
2947:
2930:
2700:
2594:
A Clash of Destinies. The Arab-Jewish War and the Founding of the State of Israel
2456:
Morris, p. 103. Also Morris, p. 122: 5 May, Palmach sappers blew up 50 houses in
1941:
1916:
1598:
1352:
1194:
1182:
1111:
1091:
1068:
849:
730:
531:
303:
204:
1355:, with three battalions operating in Eastern Galilee (1st and 3rd and later 2nd)
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opposed the attack. Although occupied by Arabs the buildings were Jewish owned.
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2457:
1957:
1922:
1710:
1532:
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1513:
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1190:
1171:
555:
394:
208:
192:
140:
96:
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1961:
1900:
1876:
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1755:
1719:
1580:
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1399:
1368:
1362:
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1103:
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1087:
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1049:
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987:
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866:
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366:
283:
274:
232:
160:
128:
112:
2609:
1887:
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1568:
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1463:
983:
776:
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757:
370:
148:
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1806:
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1725:
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1315:
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942:
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780:
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711:
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571:
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491:
471:
362:
287:
279:
196:
2721:
Peri, p. 62. Those who stayed: Yitzhak Rabin, Haim BarLev, David Elazar.
941:
On 9 April a Palmach unit with mortars took part in the Irgun attack on
1932:
1556:
1550:
1538:
1506:
1379:
1295:
1134:
1107:
1025:
919:
911:
821: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
741:. Several dozen houses were destroyed and 60-70 villagers were killed.
658:
freeing 208 Jewish prisoners. The first joint operation took place on
639:, in which they cooperated with the British in an attempt to crush the
624:
585:
The Palmach put great emphasis on training independent and broadminded
535:
523:
519:
439: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
200:
1298:, immigration ships (66 of them in all) bringing Jewish refugees from
467:
2553:
2181:
1495:
1479:
1467:
1423:
1398:
Yigal Allon, Commander of Southern Front, watches the bombardment of
1248:
Palmach sapper preparing explosives under bridge in Wadi Serer, 1948.
1118:. In 1949 many senior members of the Palmach resigned from the army.
935:
923:
726:
586:
551:
539:
504:
3003:
Military units and formations of Mandatory Palestine in World War II
2543:. p. 87: "Mid 1947 ... full-time Palmach, with 3,100 men and women".
1935:(born 1924), IDF Major-General, nuclear scientist, and President of
1454:
dominant party, Mapai, led by David Ben-Gurion. The breakaway group
1375:
The Command Battalion controlled naval, air and commando companies.
796:
414:
2845:
Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict 1881โ2001
1965:
1491:
1483:
1306:, which introduced restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine.
1237:
862:
721:
On 18 December 1947, in an operation approved by Palmach commander
710:, specifically in retaliation for the murder of two Jews in nearby
547:
495:
2363:
The Palmach memorial site records all 35 as members of the Palmach
2287:
Morris, pp. 43, 156. Puts the number killed at the refinery as 70.
2111:
A Job Well Done, A History of the Palestine police Force 1920โ1948
665:
On the night of 22 February 1946, the Palmach attacked the Police
330:. The Palmach was established in May 1941. By the outbreak of the
2469:
Khalidi, p. 436. 1933 census counts 127 houses in 'Ayn al-Zaytun.
1714:
1427:
1310:
1273:
1244:
1033:
1029:
991:
903:
688:. This attack was the Irgun's response to a British crackdown, "
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590:
487:
374:
358:
319:
247:
243:
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2197:
1059:
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873:
559:
349:
323:
212:
156:
73:
963:
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907:
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707:
640:
567:
527:
508:
378:
507:) for agricultural settlement that became the basis for the
2134:"Night of the Bridges โ Fallen soldiers โ First Battalion"
1993:
Between battles and ballots โ Israeli military in politics
1086:, the Palmach was reorganised into three IDF brigadesโthe
30:
1150:. Twenty-eight died in the struggle against the British.
857:
On 20 February 1948 the Palmach launched an operation in
1009:
The Palmach suffered 69 killed during Operation Yiftah.
16:
Elite strike force of the Haganah in Mandatory Palestine
1322:) upon the Sherut's foundation in late 1947. Eighteen
353:"The German squad" of the Palmach on a training march.
631:
in 1944, members of the Palmach under the command of
3013:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1948
2374:
A Tzaddik in Our Time: The life of Rabbi Aryeh Levin
1734:โ lieutenant general deputy commander of the Palmach
1450:
ruling party. In 1944 a major split had occurred in
1039:
737:, in retaliation for the killing of 47 Jews at the
718:the scale of the retaliation operations increased.
2797:Palmach: Plugot Hamahatz shel Hahaganah, 1941โ1949
2790:. special edition for Palmach national convention.
2185:
1990:
1430:. The political tendencies of its leaders such as
1333:: explosives experts who became the basis for the
1106:and managed to stop and later repulse it into the
982:On 2 May, the Palmach 3rd Battalion, commanded by
3008:Military units and formations established in 1941
2437:Morris, pp. 158, 159. "systematically destroyed".
1728:โ second general commander of Palmach (1945โ1948)
714:. Following the escalation of violence after the
2954:
2794:
2559:The faithful city: the siege of Jerusalem, 1948
2188:The faithful city: the siege of Jerusalem, 1948
1867:โ Plugat Shomrei-Ha'Hof (Coastal Watch) โ south
1861:โ Plugat Shomrei-Ha'Hof (Coastal Watch) โ north
1414:prior to the dissolution of the Palmach in 1949
853:Palmach sappers in the ruins of a village, 1948
2888:(in Hebrew). Israel: Ministry Defence, Israel.
2746:Palmach song performed by an Israeli orchestra
1758:โ brigade commander; Allon's second in command
1098:. The Negev and Yiftah Brigades fought in the
775:During this period, in the event known as the
2825:1948: A History of the First Arab-israeli War
1740:โ lieutenant general commander of the Palmach
1458:, which evolved into Mapam, were inspired by
2795:Pa'il, Meir; Zohar, Avraham; Ronen, Azriel.
2591:
2246:The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem
623:For seven months after the assassination of
401:in 1942, the organization went underground.
381:. The first action was a sabotage mission (
326:(Jewish community) during the period of the
2936:Library of Congress (U.S.) subject tracings
2897:(in Hebrew). Israel: TAG Publishing House.
2883:
2862:
2376:. Spring Valley, NY: Philipp Feldheim Inc.
964:Operation Yiftach and the conquest of Safad
2919:Official Website of the Palmach in English
2694:https://DOI: 10.1080/14725886.2020.1840041
2614:(Authors use "girls" rather than "women".)
1522:Notable Palmach cultural figures include:
1426:parties. Its members trained and lived in
1389:
1178:, 103 in the Galilee and 81 in the Negev.
702:1947โ1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
2924:Official Website of the Palyam in English
2803:
1937:Technion โ Israel Institute of Technology
837:Learn how and when to remove this message
786:
455:Learn how and when to remove this message
2788:The Palmach โ Its Warriors and Operation
1405:
1393:
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1243:
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1221:
1128:
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1043:
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848:
608:
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348:
1944:(born 1926), founding President of the
1903:, soldier, described by Chief of Staff
1686:We are ready when you give the command,
1684:We will be there first by day or night,
1016:Palmach units took a major part in the
2955:
2892:
2841:
2822:
2785:
2552:
2269:Khalidi, p. 465. Including 4 children.
2180:
2094:
2092:
1791:โ commander of the "Syrian Department"
1779:โ commander of the "German Department"
1697:
1509:appointment in 1969. He died in 1980.
1382:of the Palmach commander was "!ืืืจื" (
2318:16 February 1948 five small children.
1442:, a left-wing party in opposition to
1410:Members of 3rd Battalion gathered in
887:
604:
2596:. Frederick A. Praeger. p. 77.
1913:(1926โ1946), Palmach squad commander
1785:โ commander of the "Arab Department"
1722:โ first general commander of Palmach
1478:(named in honour of Yitzhak Sadeh),
819:adding citations to reliable sources
790:
748:, Palmach units destroyed houses in
695:
651:. On 10 October 1945 a force led by
437:adding citations to reliable sources
408:
2804:Zohar, Avraham; Pail, Meir (2001).
2592:Kimche, Jon; Kimche, David (1960).
2089:
1919:(1930โ2016), Israeli Olympic runner
1661:The Palmach will win โ we've vowed.
478:Since British funding had stopped,
357:The Palmach was established by the
13:
3018:Words and phrases in Modern Hebrew
2866:The Making of the Israeli Military
2562:. Simon and Schuster. p. 29.
1668:All our youth defend the homeland,
1659:We are ready to obey all commands,
948:
725:, several houses were blown up in
14:
3029:
2912:
2580:2,100 fighters and 1,000 reserves
2192:. Simon and Schuster. p. 8.
1951:
1688:The Palmach will march in might.
1655:Though the storm is ever mounting
1418:The Palmach was a broad spectrum
2863:Bel-Eliezer, Uri (1 June 1998).
2690:Journal of Modern Jewish Studies
2666:. Palmach.org.il. Archived from
2500:. Palmach.org.il. Archived from
1890:โ 4th Battalion, Company A. 1948
1657:Still, our heads remain unbowed.
1547:โ journalist, writer, radio host
1229:Palmach special units included:
1040:The creation of the Israeli Army
910:and largely or partly destroyed
795:
613:Small arms training of B Company
413:
242:
66:
53:
29:
2823:Morris, Benny (17 April 2009).
2779:
2755:
2738:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2682:
2656:
2647:
2617:
2585:
2546:
2525:
2516:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2460:and other villages in the area.
2450:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2236:
2215:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2126:
2117:
1677:Among stony heights and caverns
1673:In the eagle's path, we follow,
1587:
1082:After the establishment of the
806:needs additional citations for
424:needs additional citations for
385:) against oil installations at
2498:"Fallen soldiers โ Operations"
2314:Khalidi, pp. 195, 196. Quotes
2249:. Cambridge University Press.
2140:. 17 June 1948. Archived from
2101:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2011:
1982:
1452:Palestine's Jewish community's
1422:organisation, associated with
1199:Operation Death to the Invader
1166:, all at al-Qastal; 68 during
649:The Hebrew Resistance Movement
619:Jewish insurgency in Palestine
404:
391:operating in Lebanon and Syria
322:, the underground army of the
1:
2988:National liberation movements
2842:Morris, Benny (August 2001).
1975:
1682:When you summon us to battle,
1670:Till we bring it peace again.
1666:From the desert to the plain,
1302:by boat, despite the British
1124:
1063:A Palmach patrol in the Negev
474:, First Palmach outpost, 1944
344:
328:British Mandate for Palestine
2886:Palmach Special Ground Units
2884:Markovitzki, Yaakov (1989).
2869:. Indiana University Press.
2703:. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
1675:Over mountain tracks, we go,
482:, head of the kibbutz union
7:
2765:. Oxford University Press,
2242:
2108:
1927:Diary of a Commando Soldier
1679:We are seeking out the foe.
399:Second Battle of El Alamein
10:
3034:
2998:National liberation armies
2978:Yishuv during World War II
2806:The Naval Palmach (PalYam)
1988:
1664:From Metulla to the Negev,
967:
952:
891:
699:
656:raided the prison at Atlit
616:
2827:. Yale University Press.
1764:โ 3rd Battalion commander
1335:Israeli Engineering Corps
1048:The 9th Battalion of the
311:
307:
268:
263:
253:
238:
88:
80:
48:
40:
28:
23:
1813:โ Pluga Aleph commanders
1769:Special units commanders
1612:
1236:Women of the Palmach at
978:Palmach soldier on guard
955:Battle of Mishmar HaEmek
686:King David Hotel bombing
643:and Lehi. However, with
514:Basic training included
257:"Always at your command"
2983:Militant Zionist groups
1839:โ Pluga Dalet commander
1837:Benjamin Goldstein Tzur
1833:โ Pluga Gimel commander
1827:โ Pluga Beth commanders
1799:commanders (as of 1943)
1713:โ general commander of
1592:Full text of the song:
1390:In politics and culture
1262:Ha-Machlaka Ha-Germanit
872:With the activation of
716:UN Partition Resolution
2895:The Guard on the Shore
2243:Morris, Benny (1987).
2109:Horne, Edward (1982).
1647:ืชืืื ืื ื, ืื ื ืืคืื"ื.
1638:ืืื ื ืืงืจืืช ืืืื ืฆืืจืื.
1415:
1403:
1268:infrastructure in the
1257:
1249:
1241:
1138:
1064:
1056:
979:
878:Palestinian irregulars
854:
787:A change in objectives
614:
475:
354:
221:Special reconnaissance
173:Long-range penetration
84:Combined strike forces
2968:1948 ArabโIsraeli War
2946:6 August 2020 at the
2893:Goffer, Haim (1995).
2761:Morris, Benny (1993)
2653:Silver, pp. 107, 108.
1855:โ Pluga Vav commander
1845:โ Pluga Hey commander
1620:ืชืืื ืื ื, ืื ื ืืคืื"ื.
1583:โ British hairdresser
1420:left-wing nationalist
1409:
1397:
1346:1948 ArabโIsraeli War
1280:Ha-Machlaka Ha-Aravit
1255:
1247:
1235:
1222:Military organization
1137:tank leading a convoy
1132:
1062:
1054:conquest of Beersheba
1047:
1018:1948 ArabโIsraeli War
977:
852:
635:were involved in the
612:
599:Israel Defense Forces
470:
352:
339:Israel Defense Forces
332:1948 ArabโIsraeli War
310:, acronym for
229:Underwater demolition
185:Military intelligence
125:Close-quarters combat
117:Clandestine operation
93:Aerial reconnaissance
35:Symbol of the Palmach
2993:Resistance movements
2786:Brener, Uri (1978).
2732:"Lyrics of the song"
2699:11 July 2013 at the
2372:Raz, Simcha (1976).
2065:Allon, pp. 126, 127.
2047:Allon, pp. 118, 119.
1989:Peri, Yoram (1983).
1859:Maccabi Mutzery-Mani
1571:โ writer, playwright
1535:โ writer, journalist
1318:(predecessor of the
1148:Night of the Bridges
1116:The Generals' Revolt
882:Arab Liberation Army
815:improve this article
433:improve this article
181:Military engineering
63:(before 14 May 1948)
2278:Morris, pp. 33, 34.
1970:Eretz Israel Museum
1946:University of Haifa
1871:Yehuda. L. Ben-Tzur
1698:Notable Palmachniks
1641:ืจืืฉืื ืื ืชืืื ืื ืื ื,
1636:ืืื ืืืื ืืจืื ื ืืขื,
1634:ืฉืืื ืืคืจื ืืื ืืจืื,
1627:ืื ืืืืจ ืืืื โ ืื ืฉืง
1304:White Paper of 1939
570:, light and medium
383:Operation Boatswain
259:"ืืคืงืืื ืชืืื ืื ืื ื"
133:Counterintelligence
76:(after 14 May 1948)
61:Mandatory Palestine
2929:1 May 2008 at the
2629:www.palmach.org.il
2533:Begin, A Biography
2138:www.palmach.org.il
2076:Begin, A Biography
1884:โ Palyam commander
1873:โ Palyam commander
1849:Israel Livertovski
1752:โ training officer
1746:โ strategy officer
1645:ืืคืงืืื ืชืืื ืื ืื ื,
1629:ืื ืืืืจ ืขื ืืืืฉืืจ!
1618:ืืคืงืืื ืชืืื ืื ืื ื,
1416:
1404:
1324:Taylorcraft Auster
1258:
1250:
1242:
1185:, including 45 at
1164:Operation Nachshon
1158:, including 34 at
1139:
1065:
1057:
980:
894:Operation Nachshon
888:Operation Nachshon
855:
739:Haifa oil refinery
615:
605:Postwar operations
484:HaKibbutz HaMeuhad
476:
355:
217:Special operations
109:Artillery observer
101:Amphibious warfare
2027:978-0-297-00133-1
1783:Israel Ben-Yehuda
1695:
1694:
1632:ื ืชืื ืื ืฉืจ ืืฉืืืื,
1545:Netiva Ben-Yehuda
1402:, 9 November 1948
1320:Israeli Air Force
1168:Operation Yiftach
970:Operation Yiftach
847:
846:
839:
696:Retaliation raids
637:Saison activities
465:
464:
457:
293:
292:
169:Irregular warfare
165:Internal security
121:Close air support
105:Anti-tank warfare
3025:
2908:
2889:
2880:
2859:
2838:
2819:
2800:
2791:
2773:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2631:. Archived from
2621:
2615:
2613:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2550:
2544:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2478:Khalidi, p. 436.
2476:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2419:Khalidi, p. 290.
2417:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2336:Khalidi, p. 456.
2334:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2296:Khalidi, p. 154.
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2240:
2234:
2223:All That Remains
2219:
2213:
2212:
2191:
2178:
2172:
2169:
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2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
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2099:
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2087:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1996:
1986:
1643:ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืืฉื
1616:ืื ืจืืฉืื ื ืื ืืฉื
1614:ืืกืืื ืืืื ืืกืขืจ,
1595:
1594:
1444:David Ben-Gurion
1156:Operation Yevusi
884:(ALA) as bases.
842:
835:
831:
828:
822:
799:
791:
645:David Ben-Gurion
597:and, later, the
587:field commanders
574:, and operating
544:squad operations
516:physical fitness
480:Yitzhak Tabenkin
460:
453:
449:
446:
440:
417:
409:
387:Tripoli, Lebanon
313:
309:
246:
189:Mountain warfare
177:Maneuver warfare
153:Force protection
137:Covert operation
72:
70:
69:
59:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3022:
2953:
2952:
2948:Wayback Machine
2931:Wayback Machine
2915:
2905:
2877:
2856:
2835:
2816:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2760:
2756:
2745:
2743:
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2720:
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2711:
2707:
2701:Wayback Machine
2692:. 5 Nov. 2020.
2687:
2683:
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2495:
2491:
2487:Morris, p. 104.
2486:
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2451:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2423:
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2409:
2405:
2401:Morris, p. 158.
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:Morris, p. 220.
2353:
2349:
2345:Morris, p. 159.
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2309:
2305:Morris, p. 157.
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2241:
2237:
2221:Walid Khalidi,
2220:
2216:
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2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
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2147:
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2107:Silver, p. 64;
2106:
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2073:
2069:
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2060:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2019:Shield of David
2016:
2012:
2005:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1954:
1942:Eliezer Rafaeli
1917:Arie Gill-Glick
1750:Moshe Bar-Tikva
1700:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
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1644:
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1630:
1628:
1626:
1625:ืื ืืื ืขื ืืืืืจ
1624:
1623:ืืืืืื ืขื ืื ืื,
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1590:
1577:(Senesh) โ poet
1392:
1224:
1195:Operation Horev
1187:Khirbet Kurikur
1183:Operation Danny
1127:
1092:Yiftach Brigade
1069:Altalena Affair
1042:
1032:) against Arab
972:
966:
957:
951:
949:Mishmar Ha'amek
896:
890:
843:
832:
826:
823:
812:
800:
789:
731:Balad al-Sheikh
704:
698:
660:31 October 1945
621:
607:
532:marine training
461:
450:
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296:
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5:
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3015:
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2995:
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2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2951:
2950:
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2921:
2914:
2913:External links
2911:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2890:
2881:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2839:
2834:978-0300151121
2833:
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2670:on 1 June 2012
2655:
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2635:on 1 June 2012
2616:
2584:
2545:
2524:
2522:Morris, p. 22.
2515:
2504:on 1 June 2012
2489:
2480:
2471:
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2458:al-Zanghariyya
2449:
2439:
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2428:Silver, p. 88.
2421:
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2327:Morris, p. 56.
2320:
2316:New York Times
2307:
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2255:
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2155:
2144:on 1 June 2012
2125:
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2100:
2098:Silver, p. 64.
2088:
2067:
2058:
2056:Allon, p. 121.
2049:
2040:
2031:
2029:, 1970. p. 117
2010:
2003:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1958:Palmach Museum
1953:
1952:Palmach Museum
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1949:
1948:
1939:
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1923:Amitai Etzioni
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1559:โ poet, writer
1554:
1553:โ poet, writer
1548:
1542:
1536:
1533:Dahn Ben-Amotz
1530:
1527:Yehuda Amichai
1462:regime in the
1391:
1388:
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1372:
1366:
1356:
1339:
1338:
1331:Sabotage Units
1328:
1307:
1287:
1277:
1223:
1220:
1197:and 22 during
1191:Operation Yoav
1172:Mishmar HaEmek
1126:
1123:
1041:
1038:
1000:2-inch mortars
996:3-inch mortars
968:Main article:
965:
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953:Main article:
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892:Main article:
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886:
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617:Main article:
606:
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580:3-inch mortars
564:communications
556:reconnaissance
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2256:0-521-33028-9
2252:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2232:
2231:0-88728-224-5
2228:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2084:0-297-78399-8
2081:
2077:
2074:Eric Silver,
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:Yigal Allon,
2014:
2006:
2004:0-521-24414-5
2000:
1995:
1994:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:Chaim Levanon
1960:, located on
1959:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:Meir Har-Zion
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Shmuel Tankus
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:Jacob Salomon
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:Shimon Avidan
1850:
1847:
1844:
1843:Abraham Negev
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:Meir Davidson
1818:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:Shimon Avidan
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:Yitzhak Rabin
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1720:Yitzhak Sadeh
1718:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1651:
1648:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1582:
1581:Vidal Sassoon
1579:
1576:
1575:Hannah Szenes
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1456:Ahdut HaAvoda
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:Yitzhak Sadeh
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1400:Iraq Suwaydan
1396:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:(then age 26)
1364:
1363:Yitzhak Rabin
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:attack roles.
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:Egyptian army
1101:
1097:
1096:Harel Brigade
1093:
1089:
1088:Negev Brigade
1085:
1080:
1078:
1077:Yitzhak Rabin
1074:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1050:Negev Brigade
1046:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:Ein al-Zeitun
985:
976:
971:
961:
956:
946:
944:
939:
937:
933:
932:Sheikh Jarrah
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
895:
885:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
867:Yitzhak Rabin
864:
860:
851:
841:
838:
830:
820:
816:
810:
809:
804:This section
802:
798:
793:
792:
784:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
766:al-Husayniyya
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
703:
693:
691:
690:Black Sabbath
687:
682:
680:
679:Achziv Bridge
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
654:
653:Yitzhak Rabin
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:Shimon Avidan
630:
626:
620:
611:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
469:
459:
456:
448:
438:
434:
428:
427:
422:This section
420:
416:
411:
410:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Yitzhak Sadeh
364:
360:
351:
342:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Plugot Maแธฅatz
305:
301:
295:Military unit
289:
285:
284:Yitzhak Rabin
281:
276:
275:Yitzhak Sadeh
273:
267:
262:
256:
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
233:Urban warfare
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
161:Indirect fire
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:Direct action
142:
138:
134:
130:
129:Combined arms
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:Bomb disposal
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
62:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2894:
2885:
2865:
2844:
2824:
2805:
2799:(in Hebrew).
2796:
2787:
2780:Bibliography
2762:
2757:
2740:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2689:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2668:the original
2658:
2649:
2639:17 September
2637:. Retrieved
2633:the original
2628:
2619:
2593:
2587:
2579:
2558:
2548:
2532:
2527:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2452:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2373:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2245:
2238:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2187:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2148:17 September
2146:. Retrieved
2142:the original
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2103:
2075:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2018:
2013:
1992:
1984:
1955:
1926:
1925:, author of
1888:Rafael Eitan
1882:Shmuel Yanai
1762:Moshe Kelman
1738:David Nameri
1732:Giora Shanan
1703:High command
1654:
1652:
1613:
1607:translation
1591:
1588:Palmach song
1569:Moshe Shamir
1563:Shaike Ophir
1521:
1518:
1511:
1500:
1488:Rosh HaNikra
1464:Soviet Union
1438:was towards
1417:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1343:
1340:
1330:
1309:
1289:
1279:
1261:
1256:Negev Beasts
1228:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1189:; 53 during
1180:
1162:; 20 during
1152:
1144:
1140:
1120:
1102:against the
1084:Israeli army
1081:
1066:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
984:Moshe Kelman
981:
958:
940:
897:
871:
856:
833:
824:
813:Please help
808:verification
805:
777:Convoy of 35
774:
758:Moshe Kelman
743:
720:
705:
683:
664:
622:
584:
572:machine guns
513:
500:agricultural
492:agricultural
477:
451:
442:
431:Please help
426:verification
423:
371:Vichy French
356:
336:
315:
299:
297:
239:Part of
149:Fire support
18:
2848:. Vintage.
2674:17 December
2554:Joseph, Dov
2508:17 December
2182:Joseph, Dov
1968:, near the
1911:Bracha Fuld
1905:Moshe Dayan
1825:Uri Brenner
1817:Moshe Dayan
1811:Zalman Mars
1807:Yigal Allon
1789:Yigal Allon
1726:Yigal Allon
1541:โ scientist
1476:Nir Yitzhak
1472:Beit Guvrin
1432:Yigal Allon
1344:During the
1337:in the IDF.
1316:Sherut Avir
1284:Mista'arvim
1270:Middle East
1176:Gush Etzion
1160:Nabi Samuel
1073:Yigal Allon
1022:Gush Etzion
986:, attacked
943:Deir Yassin
928:Beit Mahsir
861:, North of
827:August 2014
781:Kfar Etzion
760:, attacked
723:Yigal Allon
712:Petah Tikva
667:Tegart fort
472:Beit Keshet
405:Underground
288:Moshe Dayan
280:Yigal Allon
197:Parachuting
2957:Categories
2876:0253333873
2855:0679744754
2815:9650510826
1976:References
1964:Street in
1933:Amos Horev
1557:Haim Gouri
1551:Haim Hefer
1539:Gad Avigad
1505:death and
1380:battle cry
1296:Aliyah Bet
1135:M4 Sherman
1125:Casualties
1108:Gaza Strip
1094:, and the
1052:after the
1026:Kfar Darom
998:and eight
912:Beit Surik
671:Shefa-'Amr
625:Lord Moyne
552:explosives
536:topography
520:small arms
498:training,
445:March 2021
373:forces in
345:Background
312:ืคืืืืืช ืืืฅ
271:commanders
264:Commanders
201:Patrolling
2233:. p. 240.
1831:Uri Yafeh
1601:original
1480:Palmachim
1428:kibbutzim
1424:socialist
936:Jerusalem
924:Beit Iksa
900:al-Qastal
727:al-Khisas
540:first aid
314:,
44:1941โ1948
2944:Archived
2927:Archived
2697:Archived
2568:60-10976
2556:(1960).
2535:. 1984,
2225:. 1992.
2198:60-10976
2184:(1960).
2086:. p. 51.
2078:. 1984,
1966:Tel Aviv
1503:Eshkol's
1460:Stalin's
1446:and the
1272:and the
1238:Ein Gedi
1193:; 44 in
1170:; 12 at
1133:Palmach
1034:militias
863:Tel Aviv
859:Caesarea
548:sabotage
530:, basic
496:military
254:Motto(s)
225:Tracking
2973:Haganah
2963:Palmach
2751:YouTube
2664:"ืคืื"ื"
2625:"ืคืื"ื"
2610:1348948
2602:60-6996
2447:houses.
1997:. CUP.
1797:Company
1715:Haganah
1605:English
1565:โ actor
1353:Yiftach
1311:Palavir
1274:Balkans
1075:, with
1030:Revivim
992:Davidka
990:with a
920:Shu'fat
904:Qalinya
880:or the
744:Around
675:bridges
595:Haganah
591:Haganah
560:sniping
488:platoon
375:Lebanon
359:Haganah
320:Haganah
300:Palmach
269:Notable
248:Haganah
205:Raiding
49:Country
24:Palmach
2901:
2873:
2852:
2831:
2812:
2769:
2608:
2600:
2576:266413
2574:
2566:
2539:
2380:
2253:
2229:
2206:266413
2204:
2196:
2082:
2025:
2001:
1929:(1952)
1599:Hebrew
1529:โ poet
1514:Tzabar
1507:Meir's
1496:Yir'on
1468:Bar'am
1384:Aharai
1300:Europe
1291:Palyam
1286:units.
1240:, 1942
1090:, the
994:, two
874:Plan D
762:Sa'sa'
754:Salama
576:2-inch
505:gar'in
324:Yishuv
304:Hebrew
213:SIGINT
157:HUMINT
74:Israel
71:
58:
41:Active
1895:Other
1492:Re'im
1484:Re'im
1448:Mapai
1440:Mapam
1412:Safed
1369:Negev
1359:Harel
1206:Lechi
1112:Sinai
1100:Negev
916:Biddu
908:Khuda
770:Negev
750:Yazur
746:Jaffa
735:Haifa
708:Fajja
641:Irgun
568:radio
528:KAPAP
524:mรชlรฉe
509:Nahal
379:Syria
308:ืคืื"ื
2899:ISBN
2871:ISBN
2850:ISBN
2829:ISBN
2810:ISBN
2767:ISBN
2676:2011
2641:2010
2606:OCLC
2598:LCCN
2572:OCLC
2564:LCCN
2537:ISBN
2510:2011
2378:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2227:ISBN
2202:OCLC
2194:LCCN
2150:2010
2080:ISBN
2023:ISBN
1999:ISBN
1956:The
1494:and
1434:and
1378:The
1266:Nazi
1110:and
1028:and
938:)".
930:and
752:and
629:Lehi
578:and
566:and
550:and
542:and
526:and
377:and
363:Axis
298:The
89:Role
81:Type
2749:on
817:by
669:at
627:by
435:by
2959::
2627:.
2604:.
2578:.
2570:.
2208:.
2200:.
2136:.
2091:^
2021:,
1851:,
1823:,
1819:,
1809:,
1490:,
1486:,
1482:,
1474:,
1470:,
1208:.
1024:,
945:.
926:,
922:,
918:,
914:,
906:,
902:,
733:,
681:.
601:.
562:,
558:,
554:,
538:,
534:,
522:,
518:,
511:.
306::
286:,
282:,
2907:.
2879:.
2858:.
2837:.
2818:.
2734:.
2678:.
2643:.
2612:.
2512:.
2259:.
2152:.
2113:.
2007:.
1276:.
934:(
840:)
834:(
829:)
825:(
811:.
503:(
458:)
452:(
447:)
443:(
429:.
302:(
277:,
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