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1262:) is a privately owned reserve in Brazil, established in 1998 and 878.7 km (339.3 sq mi) in size. It is located in the north-eastern portion, known as "Poconé" Pantanal, not far from the Pantanal National Park. It is a mix of permanent rivers, seasonal streams, permanent and seasonal floodplain freshwater lakes, shrub-dominated wetlands and seasonally flooded forests, all dedicated to nature preservation, and was designated a Ramsar Site of International Importance under the
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6.0 °C (10.8 °F) with the warmest month being
November (with an average temperature of 26 °C or 79 °F) and the coldest month being June (with an average temperature of 20 °C or 68 °F). Its wettest month is January (with an average of 340 mm or 13 in) and its driest is June (with an average of 3 mm or 0.12 in).
2338:
Tomas, Walfrido Moraes; Berlinck, Christian Niel; Chiaravalloti, Rafael Morais; Faggioni, Gabriel
Paganini; Strüssmann, Christine; Libonati, Renata; Abrahão, Carlos Roberto; do Valle Alvarenga, Gabriela; de Faria Bacellar, Ana Elisa; de Queiroz Batista, Flávia Regina; Bornato, Thainan Silva (December
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in
Pantanal's ecosystem. When the wetlands are flooded once a year, the grass and other plants will eventually die and start to decay. During this process, decomposing microbes deplete the shallow water of all oxygen, suffocating larger decomposers. Unlike other decomposing animals, the apple snails
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Current predictive climate models indicate a progressive increase in the frequency of extreme events (for example, extreme rainfalls and extended droughts). These events could affect the
Pantanal´s ecosystem functioning, amplifying and worsening human modifications of hydrological and environmental
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portion of the
Pantanal, water levels rise between two meters to five meters seasonally; water fluctuations in other parts of the Pantanal are less than this. Flood waters tend to flow slowly (2 to 10 cm (0.79 to 3.94 in) per second) due to the low gradients and high resistance offered by
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where they recycle the nutrients. To get oxygen, they extend a long snorkel to the water surface, pumping air into their lungs. This ability allows them to consume all the dead plant matter and turn it into nutritious fertilizer available for the plants in the area. The snails themselves are also
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region with an average annual temperate of 24 °C (75 °F) and rainfall between 1,000 and 1,250 millimetres (39 and 49 in) per year. Extreme temperatures can reach a high of 41 °C (106 °F) or drop to −1 °C (30 °F). Throughout the year, temperature varies about
617:
Elevation of the
Pantanal ranges from 80 to 150 m (260 to 490 ft) above sea level. Annual rainfall over the flood basin is between 1,000 and 1,500 mm (39 and 59 in), with most rainfall occurring between November and March. Annual average precipitation ranged from 920 to
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Commercial fishing is focused on only a few species and is probably not sustainable. National and international sport fishing in the
Paraguay river and its tributaries are the main focus for fishing activities. Local fishing communities have been under close watch by environmentalists as
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savannas of
Bolivia and Paraguay. Forests usually occur at higher altitudes of the region, while grasslands cover the seasonally inundated areas. The key limiting factors for growth are inundation and, even more importantly, water-stress during the dry season.
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Establishment of logging companies during political turmoils in the region resulted in peak deforestation rates between 1978-1989. Many livelihoods were dependent on harvesting rubber trees as new waves of migrants arrived, resulting in what is now there
856:, primarily ingesting fine particles from sediments and plant surfaces. This is characteristic of fish living in South American flood-plains in general. Fish migration between river channels and flood-plain regions occurs seasonally. These fish have many
1205:(INPE) had detected more than 21,200 fires in the Pantanal biome, a figure that is 69% higher than 2005, when the INPE recorded roughly 12,500 fires. There were 8,106 fires in September 2020 alone—more than four times the historic average for the month.
1196:
In late 2020, a quarter of the wetland was destroyed by an unprecedented fire attributed to climate change. An area estimated of about 19,890 square kilometres (7,681 sq mi) was razed by the fire, killing millions of
1994:
The
Pantanal of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia: Selected Discourses on the World's Largest Remaining Wetland System: Selected Papers and Addresses from the World Conference on Preservation and Sustainable Development in the
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and erosion residues, which have been filling the large depression area of the
Pantanal. This area is also one of the distinct physiographic provinces of the larger Parana-Paraguay Plain area, which encompasses a total of
1835:
Junk, Wolfgang J.; Brown, Mark; Campbell, Ian C.; Finlayson, Max; Gopal, Brij; Ramberg, Lars; Warner, Barry G. (September 29, 2006). "The comparative biodiversity of seven globally important wetlands: a synthesis".
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to allow oceangoing ships to travel 3,442 km (2,139 mi) inland is of particular concern and could affect the hydrology (flooding and drainage cycles) of the region, and therefore impact the ecosystem.
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Erosion and sedimentation caused by this activity alter the soil and hydrological characteristics of Pantanal flood-plain ecosystems; consequently, native species are threatened by the change in ecosystem
686:
The Pantanal ecosystem is home to some 463 species of birds, 269 species of fishes, more than 236 species of mammals, 141 species of reptiles and amphibians, and over 9,000 subspecies of invertebrates.
798:). According to 1996 data, there were 10 million caimans in the Pantanal, making it the highest concentration of crocodilians in the world. The Pantanal is home to one of the largest and healthiest
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Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area is a national park of Bolivia in the Pantanal. The entrance to Otuquis National park is through the town of Puerto Suarez.
678:, approximately 2,000 different plants have been identified in the Pantanal biome and classified according to their potential, with some presenting significant medicinal promise.
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The Pantanal region includes essential sanctuaries for migratory birds, critical nursery grounds for aquatic life, and refuges for such creatures as the yacare caiman, deer, and
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451:. It sprawls over an area estimated at between 140,000 and 195,000 km (54,000 and 75,000 sq mi). Various subregional ecosystems exist, each with distinct
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system as it removes chemicals, including pollutants, from water. Pollution from industrial development (especially gold mining) can harm native flora and fauna.
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Thielen, Dirk; Schuchmann, Karl-Ludwig; Ramoni-Perazzi, Paolo; Marquez, Marco; Rojas, Wilmer; Quintero, Jose Isrrael; Marques, Marinêz Isaac (January 7, 2020).
598:. They shift between phases of standing water and phases of dry soil, when the water table can be well below the root region. Soils range from high levels of
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Keddy, Paul A.; Fraser, Lauchlan H.; Solomeshch, Ayzik I.; Junk, Wolfgang J.; Campbell, Daniel R.; Arroyo, Mary T. K.; Alho, Cleber J. R. (January 2009).
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The Pantanal covers about 140,000–160,000 km (54,000–62,000 sq mi) of gently-sloped basin that receives runoff from the upland areas (the
2227:
1753:
Marengo, Jose A.; Oliveira, Gilvan S.; Alves, Lincoln M. (2015), Bergier, Ivan; Assine, Mario Luis (eds.), "Climate Change Scenarios in the Pantanal",
1073:. Most species are not under threat due to the low deforestation rates (less than 17%) of native vegetation now in the area due to new regulations.
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makes reference to former soldiers of the Army of the Southern Cross called the Pantanal Brigade by the character Major Alice Harper Argus.
2048:"Fish and wildlife resources in the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil and potential disturbances from the release of environmental contaminants"
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1124:: Reptile, wildcat, and parrot species are particularly at risk from the smuggling industry due to their high value on the black market.
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Fellerhoff, C. (2002). "Feeding and growth of apple snail Pomacea lineata in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil--a stable isotope approach".
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can occur if there are no oxygenated water refuges available. The reason for this remains speculative: it may be due to the growth of
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regions: these include moist tropical Amazonian rainforest plants, semiarid woodland plants typical of northeast Brazil, Brazilian
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When rising river waters first contact previously dry soil, the waters become oxygen-depleted, rendering the water environs
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2341:"Distance sampling surveys reveal 17 million vertebrates directly killed by the 2020's wildfires in the Pantanal, Brazil"
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1428:: "The Amazon coven consists of three sisters, Kachiri, Zafrina, and Senna, all natives of the Pantanal wetlands."
1243:. This 1,350 km (520 sq mi) park, established in September 1981, is located in the municipality of
1100:, even though there are some regulations on available land based on the extent of flooding during each wet season.
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2464:"Quo vadis Pantanal? Expected precipitation extremes and drought dynamics from changing sea surface temperature"
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512:. The formation is a result of the large, concave, pre-Andean depression of the Earth's crust, related to the
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Silt run-off from deforested highlands alters soil hydrology and is a significant threat to the Pantanal.
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1201:. Experts say 2020 was the most active year on record for wildfires. Until November 2020, Brazil's
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638:-producing bacteria in the deoxygenated water rather than as a direct result of lack of oxygen.
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2134:"The Displacement of Insufficiently 'Traditional' Communities: Local Fisheries in the Pantanal"
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727:). Parts of the Pantanal are also home to the following endangered or threatened species: the
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Roughly 80% of the Pantanal floodplains are submerged during the rainy seasons, nurturing a
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1900:
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1920:
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1168:, has adopted the use of large quantities of chemical pesticides and fertilizers which
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527:, in which several rivers flowing from the surrounding plateau merge, depositing their
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that use the Pantanal as a breeding and feeding ground. There are nineteen species of
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Approximately 99% of the land in the Pantanal is privately owned for the purpose of
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2501:
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2404:
Arréllaga, Maria Magdalena; Londoño, Ernesto; Casado, Letícia (September 4, 2020).
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in the State of Mato Grosso, between the mouths of the Baía de São Marcos and the
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However, water quality in the Pantanal was not significantly degraded as of 2002.
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2406:"Brazil Fires Burn World's Largest Tropical Wetlands at 'Unprecedented' Scale"
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1251:. The park was designated a Ramsar Site of International Importance under the
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1701:"Wet and Wonderful: The World's Largest Wetlands Are Conservation Priorities"
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that means "swamp", "wetland", "bog", "quagmire", or "marsh" plus the suffix
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Ivana Kottasová, Henrik Pettersson and Krystina Shveda (November 13, 2020).
1967:
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2439:"The world's largest wetlands are on fire. That's a disaster for all of us"
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Susan Mcgrath, photos by Joel Sartore (August 2005) "Brazil's Wild Wet",
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656:", is a mixture of plant communities typical of a variety of surrounding
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Floodplain ecosystems such as the Pantanal are defined by their seasonal
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Among the rarest animals to inhabit the wetland of the Pantanal are the
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1647:"Pantanal, the world's largest wetland, disappearing finds new report"
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that allow them to survive in the oxygen-depleted flood-plain waters.
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1757:, vol. 37, Springer International Publishing, pp. 227–238,
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have both gills and lungs, making it possible for them to thrive in
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The vegetation of the Pantanal, often referred to as the "Pantanal
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1968:"Secrets of our Living Planet, Waterworlds, Enter the apple snail"
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A Biological Assessment of the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Pantanal
1971:
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2314:"The Threats of Dams and Navigation Infrastructure on La Plata"
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Some of the causes which threaten the Pantanal ecosystems are:
864:
826:
799:
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432:
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108:
1786:"AQUASTAT - FAO's Information System on Water and Agriculture"
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A portion of the Pantanal in Brazil has been protected as the
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1323:
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into the soil or run-off to the flood plains of the Pantanal.
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810:
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Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area
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Pantanal appears as a natural wonder in the strategy game
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Movement to large-scale agriculture of food crops, mainly
1698:
867:, some of the reptiles that inhabit the Pantanal are the
2230:. National Geographic News. pp. 1–2. Archived from
1225:
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and helping to support a dense array of animal species.
1808:
2403:
2228:"Behind Threats to World's Largest Freshwater Wetland"
2192:. International Association of Hydrological Sciences.
2189:
The Ecohydrology of South American Rivers and Wetlands
1621:
The World's Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation
1575:. International Association of Hydrological Sciences.
1572:
The Ecohydrology of South American Rivers and Wetlands
1260:
Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural SESC Pantanal
829:
documented in the Pantanal, including five species of
3361:: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea
1617:
1127:
Uncontrolled tourism and overuse of natural resources
492:, that means "abundance, agglomeration, collection".
463:
characteristics; up to 12 of them have been defined.
1752:
1445:
1258:
The SESC Pantanal Private Natural Heritage Reserve (
482:The name "Pantanal" comes from the Portuguese word
3156:
2529:The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide
2085:
2083:
1755:Dynamics of the Pantanal Wetland in South America
1663:
561:savannas lie to the north, east, and southeast.
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483:
16:Tropical wetland in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay
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648:List of plants of Pantanal vegetation of Brazil
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775:). Common species in the Pantanal include the
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2254:"Pantanal - Brazil's undiscovered wilderness"
2174:
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1184:The proposed plan to dredge the Paraguay and
1161:Pollution from sewage systems and pesticides
618:1,540 mm in the years 1968-2000. In the
2251:
2046:Alho, Cleber J. R.; Vieira, Luiz M. (1997).
1939:"Apple Snail: Unlikely Hero of the Pantanal"
1229:Hotel SESC Porto Cercado in the SESC Reserve
735:) (a bird endangered due to smuggling), the
504:) and slowly releases the water through the
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3135:
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1997:. Hudson MacArthur Publishers. p. 7.
1886:
423:encompassing the world's largest tropical
2505:
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2305:
2149:
2063:
809:There are thirteen species of herons and
3323:Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves
3225:Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves
1608:
1412:whose setting is the Brazilian Pantanal.
1224:
581:
495:
211:187,818 km (72,517 sq mi)
97:195,000 km (75,000 sq mi)
2225:
2185:
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1568:
3441:
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2552:. Information on wildlife in Pantanal.
2127:
2125:
2123:
2052:Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
1991:
1644:
1618:Keddy, Paul; Fraser, Lauchlan (2005).
1107:in the region and up to eight million
553:dry forests to the southwest, and the
523:. It constitutes an enormous internal
3130:
2762:
2564:
2545:Pantanal maps and tourist information
2132:Chiaravalloti, Rafael Morais (2019).
2041:
2039:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1645:Butler, Rhett A. (January 10, 2006).
1408:is the title of a Brazilian-produced
1203:National Institute for Space Research
1177:Infrastructure development (shipping
602:in higher areas to higher amounts of
414:
3365:Sanctuary of Bom Jesus de Matosinhos
3236:Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia
2741:
1400:largely takes place in the Pantanal.
1241:Pantanal Matogrossense National Park
1120:Hunting, poaching, and smuggling of
542: km (580,000 sq mi).
3391:Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves
3318:Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves
3173:Central Amazon Conservation Complex
2311:
2120:
1434:Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Wildlands
833:. Some migratory birds include the
13:
3190:
3181:
2226:Brendle, Anna (January 10, 2003).
2036:
1739:
1220:
666:savanna plants, and plants of the
549:to the west and northwest, by the
431:. It is located mostly within the
14:
3585:
3375:Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site
3247:Lençóis Maranhenses National Park
2538:
1595:
1415:The Jack McKinney Robotech novel
3489:Natural regions of South America
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2717:
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1448:
1431:Pantanal makes an appearance in
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3519:Landforms of Mato Grosso do Sul
3514:Geography of Mato Grosso do Sul
3454:Flooded grasslands and savannas
3408:Ruins of São Miguel das Missões
3402:Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis
3327:Historic Centre of the Town of
3295:Historic Centre of the Town of
3261:Serra da Capivara National Park
3240:Historic Centre of the Town of
3195:Ruins of São Miguel das Missões
2522:
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2397:
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2264:from the original on 2008-06-02
2245:
2019:"Restoring the jaguar corridor"
2011:
1985:
1960:
1931:
1880:
1828:
1802:
1778:
708:food for a variety of animals.
545:The Pantanal is bounded by the
83:Flooded grasslands and savannas
3574:World Heritage Sites in Brazil
1692:
1508:
1481:
1272:
427:area, and the world's largest
359:Location of Pantanal in Brazil
181:Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)
1:
1992:Swarts, Frederick A. (2000).
1809:Ministério do Meio Ambiente.
1671:"The World's largest wetland"
1474:
1376:
1146:operations and agro-industry
54:Map of the Pantanal ecoregion
3569:Biosphere reserves of Brazil
3484:Floodplains of South America
2489:10.1371/journal.pone.0227437
2186:McClain, Michael E. (2002).
1889:Isotopes Environ Health Stud
1603:National Geographic Magazine
1569:McClain, Michael E. (2002).
1437:as a region called Caimanes.
1044:Lesser yellow-headed vulture
477:
7:
3474:Ecoregions of South America
2090:Willink, Philip W. (2000).
1441:
1181:, raised roads, pipelines)
10:
3590:
3355:– Culture and Biodiversity
3302:Pantanal Conservation Area
3210:Brazilian Atlantic Islands
3085:Socio-geographic divisions
3060:Saint Peter and Saint Paul
2365:10.1038/s41598-021-02844-5
2138:Conservation & Society
1626:Cambridge University Press
1232:
1149:The Pantanal is a natural
1064:
902:
645:
564:
149:UNESCO World Heritage Site
20:
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3202:
3179:
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3116:Proposed federative units
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2023:World Wildlife Foundation
1909:10.1080/10256010208033268
1858:10.1007/s00027-006-0856-z
1817:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1523:Sites Information Service
1496:Sites Information Service
781:Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
733:Anodorhyncus hyacinthinus
412:Portuguese pronunciation:
400:
391:Show map of South America
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138:Pantanal flooded savannas
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64:
59:
47:
35:
30:
23:Pantanal (disambiguation)
3564:Ramsar sites in Paraguay
3544:Regions of South America
3370:Sítio Roberto Burle Marx
3340:Pampulha Modern Ensemble
1489:"Pantanal Matogrossense"
1214:conditions in the basin.
806:) populations on Earth.
681:
641:
388:Pantanal (South America)
42:Typical Pantanal scenery
3559:Ramsar sites in Bolivia
3549:Physiographic provinces
3494:Swamps of South America
3282:Cerrado Protected Areas
3070:Trindade and Martim Vaz
1717:10.1525/bio.2009.59.1.8
1516:"El Pantanal Boliviano"
773:Myrmecophaga tridactyla
3554:Ramsar sites in Brazil
3509:Grasslands of Paraguay
3469:Ecoregions of Paraguay
3196:
3187:
2809:Subdivisions of Brazil
2556:Patanal bird checklist
2318:10 Rivers most at Risk
2292:Terrestrial Ecoregions
2065:10.1002/etc.5620160107
1675:The Nature Conservancy
1417:Before the Invid Storm
1230:
835:American golden plover
821:, and five species of
737:crowned solitary eagle
725:Pteronura brasiliensis
717:Blastocerus dichotomus
623:the dense vegetation.
587:
547:Chiquitano dry forests
484:
439:, but it extends into
271:Pantanal Matogrossense
3499:Grasslands of Bolivia
3459:Ecoregions of Bolivia
3287:Chapada dos Veadeiros
3194:
3185:
2294:. World Wildlife Fund
1228:
889:Geochelone carbonaria
749:Chrysocyon brachyurus
741:Buteogallus coronatus
585:
496:Geography and geology
308:El Pantanal Boliviano
3534:Wetlands of Paraguay
3504:Grasslands of Brazil
3464:Ecoregions of Brazil
3396:Iguaçu National Park
3252:São Francisco Square
3158:World Heritage Sites
3032:Notable archipelagos
1763:10.1007/698_2015_357
1332:, Mato Grosso do Sul
1326:, Mato Grosso do Sul
1320:, Mato Grosso do Sul
1308:, Mato Grosso do Sul
1302:, Mato Grosso do Sul
1290:, Mato Grosso do Sul
1284:, Mato Grosso do Sul
788:(Leopardus pardalis)
761:South American tapir
571:tropical wet and dry
468:biologically diverse
21:For other uses, see
3529:Wetlands of Bolivia
3270:Central-West Region
3229:Historic Centre of
3215:Fernando de Noronha
3040:Fernando de Noronha
2919:Rio Grande do Norte
2603:Atmospheric science
2480:2020PLoSO..1527437T
2357:2021NatSR..1123547T
2151:10.4103/cs.cs_18_58
2098:University of Texas
1901:2002IEHS...38..227F
1850:2006AqSci..68..400J
885:red-footed tortoise
881:Tupinambis teguixin
863:In addition to the
416:[pɐ̃taˈnaw]
235: /
3524:Wetlands of Brazil
3420:Shared with other
3291:Emas National Park
3197:
3188:
2957:Mato Grosso do Sul
2695:Quaternary science
2592:Physical geography
2410:The New York Times
2345:Scientific Reports
2252:Araras Eco Lodge.
1464:Wildlife of Brazil
1426:: The Amazon Coven
1231:
1122:endangered species
765:Tapirus terrestris
757:Speothos venaticus
588:
569:The Pantanal is a
557:to the south. The
502:Planalto highlands
437:Mato Grosso do Sul
429:flooded grasslands
363:Show map of Brazil
321:Reference no.
284:Reference no.
3539:Regions of Brazil
3436:
3435:
3333:Historic Town of
3124:
3123:
3026:
3025:
3013:Rio Grande do Sul
2756:
2755:
2690:Landscape ecology
2634:Coastal geography
2312:Gunther, Michel.
2004:978-0-9675946-0-6
1424:The Twilight Saga
1264:Ramsar Convention
1255:on May 24, 1993.
1253:Ramsar Convention
1089:Cattle-ranching:
1016:Southern tamandua
813:, six species of
721:giant river otter
404:
403:
316:17 September 2001
239:17.400°S 57.500°W
3581:
3404:
3311:Southeast Region
3283:
3211:
3203:Northeast Region
3151:
3144:
3137:
3128:
3127:
2942:Distrito Federal
2824:
2823:
2819:Federative units
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2744:
2743:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2625:Paleoclimatology
2585:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2491:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2284:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2223:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2153:
2129:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1945:. Archived from
1935:
1929:
1928:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1838:Aquatic Sciences
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1750:
1737:
1736:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1677:. Archived from
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1615:
1606:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1566:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1485:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1294:Barão de Melgaço
1054:
1040:
1030:Crested caracara
1026:
1012:
997:
983:
969:
955:
941:
927:
913:
873:Eunectes notaeus
839:peregrine falcon
700:keystone species
538:
537:
487:
443:and portions of
418:
413:
392:
383:
382:
376:
364:
353:
352:
346:
250:
249:
247:
246:
245:
244:-17.400; -57.500
240:
236:
233:
232:
231:
228:
52:
40:
28:
27:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3412:
3400:
3379:
3306:
3281:
3265:
3209:
3198:
3189:
3177:
3161:
3155:
3125:
3120:
3107:
3079:
3022:
2994:
2961:
2928:
2870:
2813:
2800:
2787:
2757:
2752:
2708:
2699:
2629:Palaeogeography
2594:
2589:
2550:Pantanal Nature
2541:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2474:(1): e0227437.
2460:
2456:
2447:
2445:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2402:
2398:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2321:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2224:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2184:
2175:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2088:
2081:
2044:
2037:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2005:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1885:
1881:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1751:
1740:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1567:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1456:Wetlands portal
1454:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1385:Civilization VI
1379:
1372:, Alto Paraguay
1366:, Alto Paraguay
1347:Puerto Quijarro
1275:
1237:
1223:
1221:Protected areas
1210:Climate change
1151:water treatment
1142:Pollution from
1103:There are 2500
1071:Pantanal jaguar
1067:
1060:
1055:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1027:
1018:
1013:
1004:
998:
989:
984:
975:
970:
961:
959:Pantanal jaguar
956:
947:
942:
933:
931:Hyacinth macaws
928:
919:
914:
905:
869:yellow anaconda
696:Pomacea lineata
684:
650:
644:
630:. Many natural
580:
567:
535:
533:
498:
480:
411:
396:
395:
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:
384:
367:
366:
365:
362:
361:
360:
356:
355:
354:
300:
263:
243:
241:
237:
234:
229:
226:
224:
222:
221:
151:
123:
55:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3479:La Plata basin
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3359:Rio de Janeiro
3356:
3346:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3222:
3219:Atol das Rocas
3212:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3186:Flag of Brasil
3180:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3093:Amazônia Legal
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3057:
3047:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3018:Santa Catarina
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2985:Rio de Janeiro
2982:
2977:
2975:Espírito Santo
2971:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2738:
2726:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2640:
2631:
2618:
2616:Phytogeography
2609:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2539:External links
2537:
2534:
2533:
2521:
2454:
2429:
2396:
2330:
2304:
2274:
2244:
2211:
2198:
2173:
2144:(2): 173–183.
2119:
2106:
2079:
2035:
2010:
2003:
1984:
1974:. July 1, 2012
1959:
1930:
1879:
1844:(3): 400–414.
1827:
1815:www.mma.gov.br
1801:
1777:
1771:
1738:
1691:
1662:
1637:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1534:
1507:
1479:
1478:
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1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:Iberá Wetlands
1466:
1460:
1459:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1378:
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1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
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1291:
1285:
1274:
1271:
1233:Main article:
1222:
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1189:
1175:
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1138:
1135:
1130:Deforestation
1128:
1125:
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1116:
1112:
1101:
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1085:
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1028:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1005:
999:
992:
990:
985:
978:
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971:
964:
962:
957:
950:
948:
945:Giant anteater
943:
936:
934:
929:
922:
920:
915:
908:
904:
901:
769:giant anteater
729:hyacinth macaw
683:
680:
646:Main article:
643:
640:
620:Paraguay River
579:
576:
566:
563:
506:Paraguay River
497:
494:
479:
476:
472:aquatic plants
470:collection of
421:natural region
402:
401:
398:
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298:Ramsar Wetland
296:
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261:Ramsar Wetland
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3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
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3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
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3256:São Cristóvão
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3237:
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3232:
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3226:
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3201:
3193:
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3174:
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3152:
3147:
3145:
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3133:
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3110:
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3082:
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3065:
3061:
3058:
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3035:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
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3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
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2671:Geostatistics
2669:
2667:
2666:Geomorphology
2664:
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2258:Ladatco Tours
2255:
2248:
2234:on 2003-01-18
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2199:1-901502-02-3
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2014:
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1681:on 2008-01-23
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1399:
1398:
1397:The Testament
1393:
1390:
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1386:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1370:Fuerte Olimpo
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1353:Puerto Suárez
1351:
1348:
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1338:, Mato Grosso
1337:
1334:
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1313:
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1295:
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1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1270:
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1265:
1261:
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1249:Gurupi Rivers
1246:
1242:
1236:
1227:
1212:
1211:
1209:
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1200:
1195:
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1193:Forest Fires
1192:
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1186:Paraná Rivers
1183:
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917:Lowland tapir
912:
907:
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897:Iguana iguana
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890:
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701:
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578:Hydrodynamics
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305:Official name
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3384:South Region
3344:Minas Gerais
3301:
3166:North Region
2980:Minas Gerais
2745:
2733:
2721:
2643:Soil science
2638:Oceanography
2612:Biogeography
2531:p. 185.
2528:
2524:
2471:
2467:
2457:
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2442:
2432:
2421:. Retrieved
2409:
2399:
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2348:
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2333:
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2317:
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2291:
2266:. Retrieved
2257:
2247:
2236:. Retrieved
2232:the original
2203:. Retrieved
2188:
2141:
2137:
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2092:
2058:(1): 71–74.
2055:
2051:
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2013:
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1976:. Retrieved
1962:
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1947:the original
1942:
1933:
1892:
1888:
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1830:
1819:. Retrieved
1814:
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1789:
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1711:(1): 39–51.
1708:
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1679:the original
1665:
1654:. Retrieved
1651:mongabay.com
1650:
1640:
1629:. Retrieved
1620:
1602:
1597:
1586:. Retrieved
1571:
1526:. Retrieved
1519:
1510:
1499:. Retrieved
1492:
1483:
1432:
1422:
1416:
1403:
1395:
1392:John Grisham
1383:
1358:
1355:, Santa Cruz
1349:, Santa Cruz
1341:
1276:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1238:
1075:
1068:
1001:Black howler
896:
893:green iguana
888:
880:
872:
862:
854:detritivores
847:
808:
803:
795:
787:
780:
772:
764:
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724:
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685:
673:
667:
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625:
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568:
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539:
499:
489:
481:
465:
453:hydrological
407:
405:
128:Conservation
18:
3353:Ilha Grande
3050:Rocas Atoll
2952:Mato Grosso
2934:Center-West
2621:Climatology
2607:Meteorology
2339:16, 2021).
1790:www.fao.org
1364:Bahía Negra
1273:Main cities
1199:vertebrates
1144:gold mining
1094:agriculture
891:), and the
858:adaptations
823:kingfishers
767:), and the
692:apple snail
596:desiccation
555:Humid Chaco
525:river delta
510:tributaries
441:Mato Grosso
279:24 May 1993
242: /
217:Coordinates
199:2000 (24th
196:Inscription
71:Neotropical
3443:Categories
3335:Ouro Preto
3329:Diamantina
3098:Centro-Sul
2909:Pernambuco
2676:Glaciology
2656:Geobiology
2651:Edaphology
2448:2020-11-19
2423:2020-10-18
2324:2011-08-23
2298:2011-08-23
2288:"Pantanal"
2268:2008-01-22
2238:2011-08-23
2205:2008-08-31
2113:2008-08-31
2029:2024-01-29
1978:2016-09-09
1953:2016-09-09
1943:Nature Box
1821:2019-06-14
1811:"Pantanal"
1795:2019-10-09
1705:BioScience
1685:2008-01-21
1656:2006-01-10
1631:2008-08-31
1588:2008-08-31
1528:2018-04-25
1501:2018-04-25
1475:References
1410:telenovela
1377:In fiction
1359:Paraguay:
1288:Aquidauana
1115:variables.
987:Marsh deer
841:, and the
819:spoonbills
790:, and the
745:maned wolf
719:) and the
713:marsh deer
632:fish kills
592:inundation
551:Arid Chaco
461:ecological
457:geological
313:Designated
276:Designated
134:Global 200
3428:Argentina
3160:in Brazil
2990:São Paulo
2967:Southeast
2876:Northeast
2866:Tocantins
2685:Limnology
2681:Hydrology
2498:1932-6203
2418:0362-4331
2373:2045-2322
2160:0972-4923
2074:1552-8618
1925:204150084
1866:1015-1621
1725:1525-3244
1394:'s novel
1342:Bolivia:
1300:Bodoquena
1166:soy-beans
973:Capybaras
877:gold tegu
586:Landscape
529:sediments
478:Etymology
435:state of
433:Brazilian
186:Reference
102:Countries
89:Geography
3449:Pantanal
3422:region/s
3277:Brasília
3231:São Luís
3221:Reserves
3103:Nordeste
2899:Maranhão
2856:Rondônia
2846:Amazonas
2723:Category
2647:Pedology
2516:31910441
2468:PLOS ONE
2391:34916541
2262:Archived
2168:26611743
1995:Pantanal
1917:12725426
1874:24369809
1733:53536143
1442:See also
1405:Pantanal
1277:Brazil:
1105:fazendas
1098:ranching
1080:Fishing
843:bobolink
777:capybara
753:bush dog
612:riverine
521:Tertiary
449:Paraguay
408:Pantanal
177:Criteria
170:Paraguay
157:Location
119:Paraguay
31:Pantanal
2924:Sergipe
2904:Paraíba
2884:Alagoas
2861:Roraima
2790:Regions
2747:Commons
2661:Geology
2507:6946591
2476:Bibcode
2382:8677733
2353:Bibcode
1972:BBC Two
1897:Bibcode
1846:Bibcode
1330:Ladário
1318:Corumbá
1312:Cáceres
1282:Miranda
1065:Threats
1003:monkeys
903:Gallery
883:), the
875:), the
827:parrots
759:), the
751:), the
743:), the
698:) is a
676:Embrapa
663:cerrado
654:complex
614:areas.
565:Climate
559:Cerrado
519:of the
517:orogeny
485:pântano
445:Bolivia
425:wetland
419:) is a
230:57°30′W
227:17°24′S
201:Session
166:Bolivia
114:Bolivia
60:Ecology
3349:Paraty
3242:Olinda
3008:Paraná
2798:Brazil
2794:states
2735:Portal
2514:
2504:
2496:
2416:
2389:
2379:
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2196:
2166:
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2104:
2096:. The
2072:
2025:. 2021
2001:
1923:
1915:
1872:
1864:
1769:
1731:
1723:
1579:
1521:Ramsar
1494:Ramsar
1336:Poconé
1306:Bonito
1245:Poconé
1179:canals
1134:today.
1109:cattle
865:caiman
831:macaws
815:ibises
811:egrets
800:jaguar
785:ocelot
628:anoxic
514:Andean
459:, and
162:Brazil
109:Brazil
3297:Goiás
3000:South
2947:Goiás
2914:Piauí
2894:Ceará
2889:Bahia
2841:Amapá
2828:North
2320:. WWF
2164:JSTOR
1921:S2CID
1870:S2CID
1729:S2CID
1324:Coxim
1170:leach
1084:well.
848:Most
682:Fauna
668:Chaco
658:biome
642:Flora
636:toxin
78:Biome
66:Realm
3351:and
3289:and
3217:and
2851:Pará
2836:Acre
2792:and
2512:PMID
2494:ISSN
2414:ISSN
2387:PMID
2369:ISSN
2194:ISBN
2156:ISSN
2102:ISBN
2070:ISSN
1999:ISBN
1913:PMID
1862:ISSN
1767:ISBN
1721:ISSN
1577:ISBN
1096:and
852:are
850:fish
817:and
690:The
608:silt
606:and
604:clay
600:sand
594:and
508:and
447:and
406:The
324:1089
208:Area
94:Area
3254:in
2796:of
2502:PMC
2484:doi
2443:CNN
2377:PMC
2361:doi
2146:doi
2060:doi
1905:doi
1854:doi
1759:doi
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