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77:
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can infect the fruit at any stage of its maturity. Fruits as young as two weeks old have been spotted with dark-green ringspots about 1 inch (25 mm) in diameter. Rings on the fruit are most likely seen on either the stem end or the blossom end. In the early stages of the ringspots, the rings tend to be many closed circles, but as the disease develops, the rings increase in diameter consisting of one large ring. The difference between the ringspot and the mosaic viruses is the ripe fruit in the ringspot has a mottling of colors, and the mosaic does not.
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1023:, stem rot, stem girdling, and fruit rot. Damping-off happens in young plants by wilting and death. The spots on established plants start as white, water-soaked lesions at the fruit and branch scars. These spots enlarge and eventually cause death. The disease's most dangerous feature is the fruit's infection, which may be toxic to consumers. The roots can also be severely and rapidly infected, causing the plant to brown and wilt away, collapsing within days.
609:
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1302:
713:
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1202:, which involves using an attenuated virus to protect against a more dangerous strain. Conventional varieties of transgenic papaya has reduced resistance against heterologous (not closely related to the coat gene source) strains, forcing different localities to develop their own transgenic varieties. As of 2016, one transgenic line appears able to deal with three different heterologous strains in addition to its source.
977:
develop dark green greasy streaks and, in time, become shorter. The ringspots are circular, C-shaped markings that are a darker green than the fruit. In the later stages of the virus, the markings may become gray and crusty. Viral infections impact growth and reduce the fruit's quality. One of the biggest effects that viral infections have on papaya is taste. As of 2010, the only way to protect papaya from this virus is
1266:
1230:
752:
1348:
1080:, a Spanish explorer and horticulturist, who brought it from the Marquesas Islands in the early 1800s. Since then, papaya cultivation has expanded to all tropical countries and many subtropical regions worldwide. Today, papaya is grown extensively across the globe, owing to its adaptability to various climates and its popularity as a tropical fruit.
988:
destroys the plant until only a small tuft of leaves is left. The virus affects both the leaves of the plant and the fruit. Leaves show thin, irregular, dark-green lines around the borders and clear areas around the veins. The more severely affected leaves are irregular and linear in shape. The virus
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is a 0.5-mm-long brown or orange-red or a green, greenish-yellow translucent oval pest. They all have needle-like piercing-sucking mouthparts and feed by piercing the plant tissue with their mouthparts, usually on the underside of the plant. The spider mites spin fine threads of webbing on the host
1190:
outbreak in Hawaii in 1998, genetically altered papaya were approved and brought to market (including 'SunUp' and 'Rainbow' varieties.) Varieties resistant to PRV have some DNA of this virus incorporated into the plant's DNA. As of 2010, 80% of
Hawaiian papaya plants were genetically modified. The
976:
is a well-known virus within plants in
Florida. The first signs of the virus are yellowing and vein-clearing of younger leaves and mottling yellow leaves. Infected leaves may obtain blisters, roughen, or narrow, with blades sticking upwards from the middle of the leaves. The petioles and stems may
1055:
stage. The crawlers insert their mouthparts in the lower surfaces of the leaf when they find it suitable and usually do not move again in this stage. The next instars are flattened, oval, and scale-like. In the final stage, the pupal whiteflies are more convex, with large, conspicuously red eyes.
1009:
occurs as a superficial white presence on the leaf's surface, which is easily recognized. Tiny, light yellow spots begin on the lower surfaces of the leaf as the disease starts to make its way. The spots enlarge, and white powdery growth appears on the leaves. The infection usually appears at the
1001:
attacks papaya, especially mature fruits. The disease starts small with very few signs, such as water-soaked spots on ripening fruits. The spots become sunken, turn brown or black, and may get bigger. In some of the older spots, the fungus may produce pink spores. The fruit ends up being soft and
1054:
The papaya whitefly lays yellow, oval eggs that appear dusted on the undersides of the leaves. They eat papaya leaves, therefore damaging the fruit. There, the eggs developed into flies in three stages called instars. The first instar has well-developed legs and is the only mobile immature life
2118:, the unripe papaya are cut into slices and dipped into sour, fermented, or spicy seasonings and dips. In Myanmar and Thai recipes, the unripe papaya are cut into thinner slices to make papaya salad. The reason the unripe papaya is used is because of the firmer and crunchier texture.
1359:, led by India with 38% of the world total (table). Global papaya production grew significantly over the early 21st century, mainly as a result of increased production in India and demand by the United States. The United States is the largest importer of papayas worldwide.
1126:. Temperatures below −2 °C (29 °F) are greatly harmful, if not fatal. In Florida, California, and Texas, growth is generally limited to the southern parts of those states. It prefers sandy, well-drained soil, as standing water can kill the plant within 24 hours.
3202:
Sivinski J, Calkins CO, Baranowski R, et al. (April 1996). "Suppression of a
Caribbean Fruit Fly (Anastrepha suspensa(Loew) Diptera: Tephritidae) Population through Augmented Releases of the ParasitoidDiachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)".
1051:
plant, and when they remove the sap, the mesophyll tissue collapses, and a small chlorotic spot forms at the feeding sites. The leaves of the papaya fruit turn yellow, gray, or bronze. If the spider mites are not controlled, they can cause the death of the fruit.
1064:, which lay their eggs in overripe or spoiled papayas. The larvae of these flies then consume the fruit to gain nutrients until they can proceed into the pupal stage. This parasitism has led to extensive economic costs for nations in Central America.
579:
are five-parted and highly dimorphic; the male flowers have the stamens fused to the petals. There are two different types of papaya flowers. The female flowers have a superior ovary and five contorted petals loosely connected at the base.
3691:
645:
587:, and the female ones are in few-flowered dichasia. The pollen grains are elongated and approximately 35 microns in length. The flowers are sweet-scented, open at night, and are wind- or insect-pollinated.
945:
following major hurricanes, but is otherwise infrequent. In the rain forests of southern Mexico, papaya thrives and reproduces quickly in canopy gaps while dying off in the mature closed-canopy forests.
2946:
Rossetto M, Oliveira do
Nascimento J, Purgatto E, et al. (2008). "Benzylglucosinolate, benzyl isothiocyanate, and myrosinase activity in papaya fruit during development and ripening".
1122:
the papaya is now cultivated in most tropical countries. In cultivation, it grows rapidly, fruiting within three years. It is, however, highly frost-sensitive, limiting its production to
2249:
1198:
In transgenic papaya, resistance is produced by inserting the viral coat protein gene into the plant's genome. Doing so seems to cause a similar protective reaction in the plant to
1035:
lays its eggs inside of the fruit, possibly up to 100 or more eggs. The eggs usually hatch within 12 days when they begin to feed on seeds and interior parts of the fruit. When the
3692:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board, et al. (2019). Oria M, Harrison M, Stallings VA (eds.).
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and then to India. From
Malacca or the Philippines, papaya spread throughout Asia and into the South Pacific region. Credit for introducing papaya to Hawaii is often given to
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in the soil to emerge within one to two weeks later as mature flies. The infected papaya turns yellow and drops to the ground after the papaya fruit fly infestation.
4336:
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1992:
763:
4160:
4130:
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4140:
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Siar SV, Beligan GA, Sajise AJ, et al. (2011). "Papaya ringspot virus resistance in Carica papaya via introgression from
Vasconcellea quercifolia".
2340:
1407:
Both green papaya fruit and its latex are rich in papain, a cysteine protease used for tenderizing meat and other proteins, as practiced currently by
1091:, never fruit. The female produces small, inedible fruits unless pollinated. The hermaphrodite can self-pollinate since its flowers contain both male
4203:
1141:
The large-fruited, red-fleshed 'Maradol,' 'Sunrise,' and 'Caribbean Red' papayas often sold in U.S. markets are commonly grown in Mexico and Belize.
2147:(papaya salad) or cubed and eaten dipped in vinegar or salt. Green papaya is also a common ingredient or filling in various savory dishes such as
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4223:
2271:
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or softer), its skin has attained an amber to orange hue and along the walls of the large central cavity are attached numerous black seeds.
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4944:
3590:
3784:
3369:"Resistencia de Vasconcellea cauliflora al Virus de la mancha anular de la papaya-potyvirus (PRSV-P) y su introgresión en Carica papaya"
2561:
4847:
536:
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3891:
3698:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
3040:
Seigler D, Pauli G, Nahrstedt A, et al. (2002). "Cyanogenic allosides and glucosides from
Passiflora edulis and Carica papaya".
1370:
Papaya releases a latex fluid when not ripe, possibly causing irritation and an allergic reaction in some people. Because the enzyme
919:
Native to tropical
America, papaya originates from southern Mexico and Central America. Papaya is also considered native to southern
4645:
3663:
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4720:
4658:
1072:
Historical accounts from 18th-century travelers and botanists suggested that papaya seeds were transported from the
Caribbean to
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938:
Wild populations of papaya are generally confined to naturally disturbed tropical forests. Papaya is found in abundance on
1138:, these are called "red papaya" and "yellow papaw," respectively. Either kind, picked green, is called a "green papaya."
3759:
1408:
4989:
4979:
4954:
3509:
Mishra R, Gaur RK, Patil BL (2016). "Current Knowledge of Viruses Infecting Papaya and Their Transgenic Management".
3447:
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2316:
2086:
1415:. It is included as a component in some powdered meat tenderizers. Papaya is not suitable for foods which set due to
2527:
724:
584:
4984:
4777:
4694:
1134:
Two kinds of papayas are commonly grown. One has sweet, red, or orange flesh, and the other has yellow flesh; in
4865:
3472:
3923:"The Antimalarial Potential of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria in Cameroonian Folk Medicine"
2068:
76:
3635:
3118:
5014:
2983:"Exploring the differential mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in the yellow peel and red flesh of papaya"
3429:
1988:
4637:
4624:
3659:
2817:
503:
where leaves and fruit were borne. The leaves are large, 50–70 cm (20–28 in) in diameter, deeply
2899:
Rivera-Pastrana D, Yahia E, González-Aguilar G (2010). "Phenolic and carotenoid profiles of papaya fruit (
1039:
mature, usually 16 days after being hatched, they eat their way out of the fruit, drop to the ground, and
4959:
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2705:
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1979:
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942:
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and benzyl glucosinates, with skin and pulp levels that increase during ripening. The carotenoids,
129:
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1394:. The black seeds are edible and have a sharp, spicy taste. The unripe green fruit is usually
4738:
3983:
1827:
1010:
upper leaf surface as white fungal growth. Powdery mildew is not as severe as other diseases.
1840:
1187:
1155:
973:
872:
552:
246:
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4826:
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524:
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4393:
4346:
3543:"Papaya production in 2022; Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)"
3212:
3049:
2912:
2823:. Western Institute for Food Safety & Security, University of California at Davis. 2016
2414:
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1853:
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Male and female flowers are borne in the leaf axils; the male flowers are in multiflowered
44:
3899:
3089:
8:
5019:
4934:
4005:
2856:. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa: 1–2
2203:
1991:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
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985:
596:
94:
4839:
4611:
4513:
3216:
3185:
3133:
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cooking, both raw and cooked. In some parts of Asia, the young leaves of the papaya are
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3990:
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2010:
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cuisine, unripe green papayas are used to make a type of spicy salad known in Laos as
4821:
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Glossary of Filipino Food ...and essays on the world's "original fusion cuisine" too
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3367:
Ordaz-Pérez D, Gámez-Vázquez J, Hernández-Ruiz J, et al. (2 September 2017).
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4929:
4795:
4523:
4386:
4194:
3612:
3518:
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2402:
2350:
2129:. Unripe or nearly ripe papayas (with orange flesh but still hard and green) are
1420:
1111:
456:
436:
167:
35:
31:
3492:
802:
439:. It is grown in several countries in regions with a tropical climate. In 2022,
4834:
3693:
3615:. National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 27 April 2019
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2100:
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109:
3970:
3738:
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3342:
2999:
1378:
in sensitive individuals, meat that has been tenderized with it may induce an
1362:
In South Africa, papaya orchards yield up to 100 tonnes of fruit per hectare.
4918:
4733:
3979:
3814:
3232:
3008:
2640:. Purdue University Center for New Crops and Plant Products. pp. 336–346
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2422:
2002:
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scientists, who made the modified seeds available to farmers without charge.
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262:
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50:
30:
This article is about the papaya. Not to be confused with the South American
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1918:
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Longitudinal section of fruit showing orange flesh and numerous black seeds
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4800:
3658:
3451:
3414:
3263:
Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines
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2700:
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2262:
2210:
2199:
2188:, the unripe green fruits and young leaves are boiled for use as part of
2022:
1485:
1412:
998:
932:
820:
428:
203:
3965:
2790:
Floral diagrams: an aid to understanding flower morphology and evolution
2195:
4650:
4100:
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4029:
3927:
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines
2557:
2071: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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In Brazil and Paraguay, the unripe fruits are used to make sweets or
2331:
2236:
2140:
2130:
2030:
2018:
1785:
1772:
1759:
1623:
1307:
1135:
1099:. Almost all commercial papaya orchards contain only hermaphrodites.
928:
904:
572:
512:
4699:
4458:
3920:
3373:
Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, Mexican Journal of Phytopathology
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2046:
887:
is dominant in the red flesh (table). Papaya seeds also contain the
4873:
4481:
2426:
2173:
2161:
2104:
2014:
1963:
1658:
1390:
The ripe fruit of the papaya is usually eaten raw, without skin or
1375:
1158:(PRV), part of a long line of attempts to transfer resistance from
1107:
1020:
960:
892:
884:
731:
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180:
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3743:
3569:"An Overview of Global Papaya Production, Trade, and Consumption"
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2108:
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1103:
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to salty dishes. Nearly ripe papayas can also be eaten fresh as
4585:
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3201:
2442:
2430:
2362:
2323:
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2167:
2155:
2026:
1742:
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1271:
1183:
1092:
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876:
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492:
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432:
427:, and also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in
419:
223:
193:
1347:
1058:
Papayas are one of the most common hosts for fruit flies like
1002:
having an off flavor because the fungus grows into the fruit.
3117:
Gonsalves, D., Tripathi, S., Carr, J.B., et al. (2010).
2417:, papaya leaves have been believed useful as a treatment for
2190:
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1515:
1424:
1399:
1356:
1235:
1218:
1036:
508:
440:
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141:
3265:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. pp. 166–167.
2665:
3571:. Electronic Data Information Source, University of Florida
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480:
357:
336:
321:
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286:
3685:
3664:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
487:
growing from 5 to 10 m (16 to 33 ft) tall, with
471:
is used alternatively for the fruit only in some regions.
3328:
3039:
2006:
1545:
935:, spanning Hawaii, Central Africa, India, and Australia.
927:
no later than AD 300. Spaniards introduced papaya to the
333:
3183:
2903:
L.) and their contents under low-temperature storage".
1355:
In 2022, global production of papayas was 13.8 million
2876:"papaya | Description, Cultivation, Uses, & Facts"
2666:
Chávez-Pesqueira M, Núñez-Farfán J (1 December 2017).
931:
in the 16th century. Papaya cultivation is now nearly
2762:
Heywood V, Brummitt R, Culham A, et al. (2007).
2013:(table). In a 100-g amount, papaya fruit provides 43
1083:
Papaya plants grow in three sexes: male, female, and
3591:"Growing papayas: Easy to produce, tricky to market"
393:
387:
363:
354:
327:
318:
292:
283:
3471:Ronald, Pamela and McWilliams, James (14 May 2010)
2981:Shen YH, Yang FY, Lu BG, et al. (2019-01-16).
2556:or pawpaw usually means the plant belonging to the
1167:
384:
360:
324:
289:
3695:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
3131:
1431:properties of papain prevent gelatin from setting.
859:Papaya skin, pulp, and seeds contain a variety of
3921:Titanji, V.P., Zofou, D., Ngemenya, M.N. (2008).
2255:Green papaya is a traditional main ingredient of
1817:
1613:
1144:In 2011, Philippine researchers reported that by
507:lobed, with seven lobes. All plant parts contain
4916:
3549:, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2024
2840:
2838:
2668:"Domestication and Genetics of Papaya: A Review"
2505:U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. 9 May 2011
3508:
3110:
2786:
463:, and is also the name for the plant. The name
443:produced 38% of the world's supply of papayas.
3652:
3430:"Genetically Altered Papayas Save the Harvest"
3177:
3161:"Florida crop/pest management profile: papaya"
2980:
2125:after being introduced to the islands via the
1480:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
1102:Originally from southern Mexico (particularly
4027:
4013:
3269:
3125:
2844:
2835:
2780:
2460:
2029:(10% DV), but otherwise has a low content of
3633:
3158:
5025:Crops originating from indigenous Americans
3993:. California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. 1997.
3475:The New York Times, accessed 1 October 2012
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
914:
4020:
4006:
3660:United States Food and Drug Administration
3362:
3360:
3132:Hine B, Holtsmann O, Raabe R (July 1965).
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2522:
2520:
1411:, people of the Caribbean region, and the
883:, are prominent in the yellow skin, while
103:
75:
3938:
3785:"Champorado and the Manila Galleon Trade"
3413:
3384:
3016:
2998:
2793:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2683:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2177:, especially in the cuisines of northern
2087:Learn how and when to remove this message
1154:, they had developed papaya resistant to
479:The papaya is a small, sparsely branched
3279:. Papaya Australia. 2015. Archived from
3245:
3184:Cunningham, B., Nelson, S. (June 2012).
2812:
2810:
2652:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2001:Raw papaya pulp contains 88% water, 11%
1346:
959:
414:, one of the 21 accepted species in the
3914:
3627:
3535:
3511:Plant Viruses: Evolution and Management
3399:
3357:
3166:. University of Florida. Archived from
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
2748:
2562:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
2517:
2408:
14:
4917:
3841:"The green papaya in Filipino cuisine"
3757:
3393:
3260:
3083:
3081:
3079:
2847:"Why Some Papaya Plants Fail to Fruit"
2845:Chia CL, Manshardt RM (October 2001).
2635:
992:
699:when it feels soft (as soft as a ripe
4463:
4462:
4001:
3739:"Burmese Papaya Salad (Myanmar Food)"
3588:
3301:
2807:
2764:Flowering plant families of the world
2638:"Papaya; In: Fruits of Warm Climates"
2596:
4925:IUCN Red List data deficient species
4788:6df076a6-d12b-4da2-9a59-5c320b1c2869
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4307:
4297:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4257:
4247:
4078:
4068:
3986:at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
3547:UN Food and Agriculture Organization
3422:
3186:"Powdery mildew of papaya in Hawaii"
3143:
3087:
2974:
2069:adding citations to reliable sources
2040:
923:, introduced by predecessors of the
681: in) long and 10–30 cm (4–
4995:Medicinal plants of Central America
4970:Fruits originating in North America
4945:Crops originating from the Americas
3858:
3402:"Papaya genome project bears fruit"
3076:
2564:(2009), published in United States.
2491:
2472:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2454:
2202:with chilies and green tomatoes as
499:. The lower trunk is conspicuously
24:
4866:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30011248-2
3473:Genetically Engineered Distortions
3450:. Hawaiipapaya.com. Archived from
2726:
2698:
2672:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
25:
5036:
4181:
4171:
4161:
4151:
4141:
4131:
4121:
3958:
2194:salad, while the flower buds are
2036:
730:Mature tree with unripe fruit in
5000:Garden plants of Central America
3978:
3964:
3760:"First Taste Of Mexican Cuisine"
2396:
2373:
2339:
2315:
2294:
2270:
2248:
2045:
1980:Full Link to USDA Database entry
1451:
1439:
1300:
1282:
1264:
1246:
1228:
1168:Genetically engineered cultivars
908:
774:
762:
750:
738:
723:
711:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
551:
535:
523:
380:
350:
314:
279:
128:
84:Plant and fruit, from Koehler's
4224:
4214:
4204:
3884:
3833:
3807:
3777:
3751:
3731:
3720:from the original on 2024-05-09
3674:from the original on 2024-03-27
3605:
3582:
3561:
3502:
3478:
3465:
3440:
3322:
3295:
3254:
3239:
3195:
3033:
2939:
2892:
2868:
2056:needs additional citations for
2025:, DV) and a moderate source of
2017:and is a significant source of
1385:
1351:Worldwide papaya production map
34:or the Eastern North American "
27:Species of tropical fruit plant
5005:Garden plants of South America
3758:Alonso N (15 September 2009).
2720:
2692:
2584:. World Flora Consortium. 2022
2567:
2542:
2206:papaya flower vegetable dish.
2133:and are commonly pickled into
1186:sequenced. In response to the
1067:
474:
13:
1:
4940:Crops originating from Mexico
3969:The dictionary definition of
3866:"What to eat in Philippines?"
3134:"Disease of papaya in Hawaii"
3062:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00170-x
2448:
1342:
964:Different birds eating papaya
695: in) in diameter. It is
431:, within modern-day southern
3519:10.1007/978-981-10-1406-2_11
3337:(2). SpringerLink: 159–168.
3159:Mossler MA, Crane J (2008).
1987:Percentages estimated using
1469:
1129:
854:
446:
7:
3634:Donna Pierce (2006-01-18).
3302:Sagon C (13 October 2004).
2734:Online Etymology Dictionary
2706:Online Etymology Dictionary
2560:family or its fruit. Ref.:
2436:
2139:, which is ubiquitous as a
1365:
1191:modifications were made by
895:. The green fruit contains
495:confined to the top of the
10:
5041:
3308:Market Watch (13 Oct 2004)
3250:. Wallingford : CABI.
2787:Ronse De Craene L (2010).
1490:179 kJ (43 kcal)
968:
953:
949:
566:
29:
4471:
4236:
4193:
4110:
4090:
4057:
4037:
3589:Botha L (16 March 2021).
3386:10.18781/r.mex.fit.1703-4
3343:10.1007/s10681-011-0388-z
3000:10.1186/s12864-018-5388-0
2530:. Collins Dictionary. n.d
2121:Papayas became a part of
1986:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1954:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1758:
1741:
1725:
1708:
1691:
1674:
1657:
1622:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1326:
1208:Papaya production – 2022
1207:
1087:. The male produces only
1013:The fungus-like oomycete
842:
831:
819:
809:
794:
757:Papayas with yellow flesh
252:
245:
125:Scientific classification
123:
101:
92:
83:
74:
69:
4990:Plants described in 1753
4980:Trees of Central America
4955:Flora of Central America
2334:wrapped in papaya leaves
2099:Green papaya is used in
1151:Vasconcellea quercifolia
1078:Francisco de Paula Marín
1026:
915:Distribution and habitat
658:
638:Close-up of male flowers
483:, usually with a single
3119:"Papaya ringspot virus"
2880:Encyclopedia Britannica
2685:10.3389/fevo.2017.00155
2429:, or smoked to relieve
1989:US recommendations
1048:two-spotted spider mite
956:List of papaya diseases
667:about 15–45 cm (6–
56:Papaya (disambiguation)
51:Pseudocydonia chinensis
4985:Trees of South America
3225:10.1006/bcon.1996.0022
2479:: e.T20681422A20694916
2461:Contreras, A. (2016).
1993:the National Academies
1352:
965:
873:benzyl isothiocyanates
54:. For other uses, see
3892:"Green Papaya Recipe"
3415:10.1038/news.2008.772
3310:. The Washington Post
2388:fried in coconut oil.
2384:dish with papaya and
1588:Vitamins and minerals
1350:
1188:papaya ringspot virus
1164:species into papaya.
1156:papaya ringspot virus
974:Papaya ringspot virus
963:
663:The fruit is a large
5015:Tropical agriculture
3870:FoodYouShouldTry.com
3513:. pp. 189–203.
3246:Duarte O PR (2010).
2415:traditional medicine
2409:Traditional medicine
2065:improve this article
1409:indigenous Americans
1193:University of Hawaii
1019:causes damping-off,
979:genetic modification
45:Chaenomeles speciosa
4417:. sphaerocarpa
4320:. horovitziana
4290:. crassipetala
4217:. heterophylla
3902:on 20 November 2021
3640:The Chicago Tribune
3217:1996BiolC...6..177S
3054:2002PChem..60..873S
2917:2010JSFA...90.2358R
2230:It is also used in
2223:and in Thailand as
1710:Pantothenic acid (B
1476:
993:Fungi and oomycetes
986:papaya mosaic virus
791:
790:Genomic information
95:Conservation status
4960:Flora of Venezuela
4447:. weberbaueri
4407:. quercifolia
4370:. palandensis
4270:. cestriflora
4164:. heptaphylla
4134:. corumbensis
3789:Ariana Eats Lumpia
3498:on March 31, 2012.
3448:"Hawaiipapaya.com"
3283:on 6 February 2016
3277:"Papaya Varieties"
3261:Boning CR (2006).
3248:Tropical Fruits, 1
3205:Biological Control
2636:Morton JF (1987).
2582:World Flora Online
2310:green papaya salad
2186:Indonesian cuisine
1944:Other constituents
1474:
1353:
1254:Dominican Republic
966:
844:Year of completion
789:
4965:Flora of Colombia
4912:
4911:
4822:Open Tree of Life
4465:Taxon identifiers
4456:
4455:
4380:. parviflora
4360:. omnilingua
4340:. microcarpa
4330:. longiflora
4310:. goudotiana
4300:. glandulosa
4260:. cauliflora
4154:. dolichaula
4124:. chocoensis
4101:H. cnidoscoloides
4071:. parviflora
3872:. 26 October 2017
3821:. 4 December 2014
3795:on 15 August 2018
3705:978-0-309-48834-1
3593:. Farmer's Weekly
3528:978-981-10-1405-5
2960:10.1021/jf801934x
2948:J Agric Food Chem
2925:10.1002/jsfa.4092
2800:978-0-521-49346-8
2766:. Firefly Books.
2359:drumstick (fruit)
2145:ensaladang papaya
2097:
2096:
2089:
2005:, and negligible
1999:
1998:
1934:
1933:
1380:allergic reaction
1340:
1339:
1336:
1222:
1124:tropical climates
901:cysteine protease
852:
851:
269:
268:
118:
16:(Redirected from
5032:
5010:Ornamental trees
4905:
4904:
4892:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4869:
4868:
4856:
4855:
4843:
4842:
4830:
4829:
4817:
4816:
4804:
4803:
4791:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4741:
4729:
4728:
4716:
4715:
4703:
4702:
4690:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4667:
4666:
4654:
4653:
4641:
4640:
4628:
4627:
4615:
4614:
4602:
4601:
4589:
4588:
4576:
4575:
4563:
4562:
4550:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4527:
4526:
4517:
4516:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4460:
4459:
4446:
4437:. stipulata
4436:
4426:
4416:
4406:
4396:
4379:
4369:
4359:
4349:
4339:
4329:
4319:
4309:
4299:
4289:
4280:. chilensis
4279:
4269:
4259:
4250:. candicans
4249:
4226:
4216:
4206:
4183:
4173:
4163:
4153:
4143:
4133:
4123:
4080:
4070:
4022:
4015:
4008:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3982:
3968:
3953:
3952:
3942:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3898:. Archived from
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3791:. Archived from
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3491:. Archived from
3490:
3482:
3476:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3400:Borrell (2008).
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3304:"Maradol Papaya"
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3173:on 30 June 2017.
3172:
3165:
3156:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3074:
3073:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3020:
3002:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2905:J Sci Food Agric
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2759:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2663:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2633:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2571:
2565:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2458:
2386:scrapped coconut
2380:Pappaya Thoran,
2377:
2343:
2319:
2298:
2274:
2252:
2123:Filipino cuisine
2092:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2049:
2041:
1821:
1746:
1730:
1713:
1696:
1679:
1662:
1624:Vitamin A equiv.
1617:
1584:
1583:
1477:
1473:
1458:Papaya jam from
1455:
1443:
1327:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1200:cross-protection
1033:papaya fruit fly
827:
805:
792:
788:
778:
766:
754:
742:
727:
715:
694:
693:
689:
686:
680:
679:
675:
672:
647:
635:
623:
611:
599:
555:
546:of papaya leaves
539:
527:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
313:
305:
304:
301:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
258:
133:
132:
112:
107:
106:
86:Medicinal-Plants
79:
67:
66:
21:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5029:
4950:Flora of Mexico
4915:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4900:
4895:
4887:
4885:
4877:
4872:
4864:
4859:
4851:
4846:
4838:
4833:
4825:
4820:
4812:
4807:
4799:
4796:Observation.org
4794:
4786:
4784:
4776:
4771:
4763:
4758:
4750:
4745:
4737:
4732:
4724:
4719:
4711:
4706:
4698:
4693:
4685:
4683:
4675:
4670:
4662:
4657:
4649:
4644:
4636:
4631:
4623:
4618:
4610:
4605:
4597:
4592:
4584:
4579:
4571:
4566:
4558:
4553:
4545:
4543:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4520:
4512:
4510:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4467:
4457:
4452:
4232:
4189:
4174:. mexicana
4144:. digitata
4106:
4086:
4053:
4033:
4026:
3989:
3961:
3956:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3903:
3896:Vegetarian Yums
3890:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3764:PhilStar Global
3756:
3752:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3723:
3721:
3706:
3690:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3657:
3653:
3644:
3642:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3587:
3583:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3470:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3398:
3394:
3365:
3358:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3259:
3255:
3244:
3240:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3182:
3178:
3170:
3163:
3157:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3092:
3088:Ward D (2011).
3086:
3077:
3038:
3034:
2979:
2975:
2944:
2940:
2911:(14): 2358–65.
2897:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2854:Fruits and Nuts
2849:
2843:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2760:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2697:
2693:
2664:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2411:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2378:
2369:
2344:
2335:
2320:
2311:
2299:
2290:
2275:
2266:
2253:
2127:Manila galleons
2107:and eaten like
2101:Southeast Asian
2093:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2062:
2050:
2039:
1982:
1977:
1925:
1912:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1860:
1847:
1834:
1822:
1792:
1779:
1766:
1753:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1703:
1694:
1686:
1677:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1618:
1589:
1578:
1573:
1554:
1549:
1510:
1505:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1444:
1388:
1368:
1345:
1301:
1299:
1283:
1281:
1265:
1263:
1247:
1245:
1229:
1227:
1170:
1132:
1118:, and southern
1112:Central America
1070:
1029:
995:
971:
958:
952:
917:
903:enzyme used to
857:
825:
801:
787:
786:
785:
782:
779:
770:
767:
758:
755:
746:
743:
734:
728:
719:
716:
691:
687:
684:
682:
677:
673:
670:
668:
661:
656:
655:
654:
651:
648:
639:
636:
627:
624:
615:
612:
603:
600:
569:
564:
563:
562:
559:
556:
547:
540:
531:
528:
511:in articulated
477:
449:
437:Central America
383:
379:
353:
349:
317:
308:
307:
282:
278:
271:
270:
265:
260:
254:
241:
127:
119:
108:
104:
97:
59:
32:Mountain papaya
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5038:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4975:Tropical fruit
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4902:wfo-0000588009
4893:
4883:
4870:
4857:
4844:
4831:
4818:
4805:
4792:
4782:
4769:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4704:
4691:
4681:
4668:
4655:
4642:
4629:
4616:
4603:
4590:
4577:
4564:
4551:
4541:
4528:
4518:
4508:
4493:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4430:
4427:. sprucei
4420:
4410:
4400:
4397:. pulchra
4390:
4383:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4350:. monoica
4343:
4333:
4323:
4313:
4303:
4293:
4283:
4273:
4263:
4253:
4242:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4220:
4210:
4207:. chocola
4199:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4184:. spinosa
4177:
4167:
4157:
4147:
4137:
4127:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4081:. solmsii
4074:
4063:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4043:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3987:
3976:
3960:
3959:External links
3957:
3955:
3954:
3933:(3): 302–321.
3913:
3883:
3857:
3832:
3806:
3776:
3750:
3730:
3704:
3684:
3651:
3626:
3604:
3581:
3560:
3534:
3527:
3501:
3477:
3464:
3439:
3421:
3392:
3356:
3321:
3294:
3268:
3253:
3238:
3211:(2): 177–185.
3194:
3176:
3142:
3124:
3109:
3075:
3042:Phytochemistry
3032:
2973:
2954:(20): 9592–9.
2938:
2891:
2867:
2834:
2806:
2799:
2779:
2772:
2747:
2719:
2691:
2651:
2595:
2566:
2541:
2516:
2490:
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2447:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2410:
2407:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2300:
2293:
2291:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2220:tam maak hoong
2095:
2094:
2077:September 2023
2053:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2037:Southeast Asia
2035:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1427:) because the
1387:
1384:
1367:
1364:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:United Nations
1324:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1224:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1175:was the first
1169:
1166:
1131:
1128:
1069:
1066:
1028:
1025:
1007:powdery mildew
994:
991:
970:
967:
951:
948:
916:
913:
861:phytochemicals
856:
853:
850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
829:
828:
826:372 million bp
823:
817:
816:
813:
807:
806:
799:
784:
783:
780:
773:
771:
768:
761:
759:
756:
749:
747:
744:
737:
735:
729:
722:
720:
717:
710:
707:
706:
705:
660:
657:
653:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
628:
625:
618:
616:
614:Female flowers
613:
606:
604:
601:
594:
591:
590:
589:
568:
565:
561:
560:
557:
550:
548:
541:
534:
532:
529:
522:
519:
518:
517:
476:
473:
448:
445:
423:of the family
267:
266:
261:
250:
249:
243:
242:
238:C. papaya
235:
233:
229:
228:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
158:
157:
152:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
110:Data Deficient
102:
99:
98:
93:
90:
89:
81:
80:
72:
71:
63:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5037:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4504:
4503:Carica papaya
4498:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4473:Carica papaya
4470:
4466:
4461:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3975:at Wiktionary
3974:
3973:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3614:
3608:
3592:
3585:
3570:
3564:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3530:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3494:
3487:
3481:
3474:
3468:
3454:on 2015-01-07
3453:
3449:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3264:
3257:
3249:
3242:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3187:
3180:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3113:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:(8): 873–82.
3047:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:Carica papaya
2895:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2773:9781554072064
2769:
2765:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2570:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2550:North America
2545:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2504:
2502:
2501:Carica papaya
2494:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2465:Carica papaya
2457:
2453:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2423:abortifacient
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2397:South America
2387:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2289:green papayas
2288:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2091:
2088:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2054:This section
2052:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2033:(see table).
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:carbohydrates
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1676:Riboflavin (B
1673:
1666:
1664:
1656:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1628:beta-Carotene
1625:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:Dietary fiber
1523:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:Carbohydrates
1497:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1217:(millions of
1215:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:Carica papaya
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:South America
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:hermaphrodite
1081:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1000:
990:
987:
982:
980:
975:
962:
957:
947:
944:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:beta-carotene
878:
874:
871:, as well as
870:
866:
862:
847:
845:
841:
837:
835:
830:
824:
822:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
797:
793:
777:
772:
765:
760:
753:
748:
741:
736:
733:
726:
721:
714:
709:
708:
704:
702:
698:
666:
650:Pollen grains
646:
641:
634:
629:
622:
617:
610:
605:
598:
593:
592:
588:
586:
581:
578:
574:
554:
549:
545:
538:
533:
526:
521:
520:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:derives from
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:
417:
413:
412:
411:Carica papaya
407:
401:
377:
371:
347:
341:
311:
303:
276:
264:
259:
257:
256:Carica papaya
251:
248:
247:Binomial name
244:
240:
239:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:Tracheophytes
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
116:
111:
100:
96:
91:
87:
82:
78:
73:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
52:
47:
46:
41:
38:". For other
37:
33:
19:
4472:
4442:
4432:
4422:
4412:
4402:
4392:
4387:V. pubescens
4385:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4345:
4335:
4325:
4315:
4305:
4295:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4255:
4245:
4238:Vasconcellea
4222:
4212:
4202:
4179:
4169:
4159:
4149:
4139:
4129:
4119:
4099:
4076:
4066:
4059:Cylicomorpha
4047:
4046:
3971:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3904:. Retrieved
3900:the original
3895:
3886:
3874:. Retrieved
3869:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3844:
3835:
3823:. Retrieved
3818:
3809:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:the original
3788:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3763:
3753:
3742:
3733:
3722:. Retrieved
3694:
3687:
3676:. Retrieved
3667:
3654:
3643:. Retrieved
3639:
3629:
3617:. Retrieved
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3584:
3573:. Retrieved
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3537:
3510:
3504:
3493:the original
3480:
3467:
3456:. Retrieved
3452:the original
3442:
3433:
3424:
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3395:
3376:
3372:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3312:. Retrieved
3307:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3281:the original
3271:
3262:
3256:
3247:
3241:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3179:
3168:the original
3127:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3097:The Palmetto
3096:
3045:
3041:
3035:
2990:
2987:BMC Genomics
2986:
2976:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2883:. Retrieved
2879:
2870:
2858:. Retrieved
2853:
2827:10 September
2825:. Retrieved
2789:
2782:
2763:
2738:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2704:
2694:
2675:
2671:
2642:. Retrieved
2586:. Retrieved
2581:
2576:
2569:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2507:. Retrieved
2500:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2476:
2470:
2464:
2456:
2412:
2400:
2355:bitter gourd
2346:
2322:
2301:
2277:
2256:
2235:
2232:Thai curries
2224:
2218:
2208:
2189:
2183:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2120:
2113:
2098:
2083:
2074:
2063:Please help
2058:verification
2055:
2021:(75% of the
2015:kilocalories
2000:
1948:
1943:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1568:
1544:
1500:
1475:Papayas, raw
1446:Papaya juice
1406:
1404:
1389:
1386:Culinary use
1369:
1361:
1354:
1317:
1199:
1197:
1182:to have its
1172:
1171:
1161:Vasconcellea
1159:
1149:
1148:papaya with
1143:
1140:
1133:
1101:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1030:
1016:Phytophthora
1014:
1012:
1004:
996:
983:
972:
937:
918:
863:, including
858:
781:Papaya seeds
718:Unripe fruit
662:
626:Male flowers
582:
571:Papayas are
570:
478:
468:
464:
452:
450:
418:
410:
409:
375:
345:
274:
272:
255:
253:
237:
236:
224:
187:
174:
161:
148:
85:
64:
60:
49:
43:
39:
4840:kew-2700919
4760:NatureServe
4672:iNaturalist
4497:Wikispecies
4227:. nana
3906:15 December
3876:15 December
3850:15 December
3825:15 December
3799:15 December
3769:15 December
2740:17 November
2712:17 November
2588:17 November
2509:5 September
2263:Philippines
2023:Daily Value
1659:Thiamine (B
1413:Philippines
1398:due to its
1374:acts as an
1146:hybridizing
1114:, northern
1095:and female
1068:Cultivation
1061:A. suspensa
1005:The fungus
999:anthracnose
997:The fungus
933:pantropical
869:polyphenols
865:carotenoids
834:chromosomes
821:Genome size
475:Description
429:Mesoamerica
204:Brassicales
168:Angiosperms
5020:Cauliflory
4935:Caricaceae
4919:Categories
4835:Plant List
4700:30011248-2
4092:Horovitzia
4030:Caricaceae
3724:2024-06-21
3678:2024-03-28
3645:2020-06-04
3575:2014-02-07
3458:2013-06-15
3287:9 December
2885:2020-07-28
2727:Harper D.
2699:Harper D.
2644:27 October
2558:Annonaceae
2449:References
2361:, papaya,
2353:dish with
2234:, such as
2200:stir-fried
1880:Phosphorus
1636:zeaxanthin
1343:Production
1180:fruit tree
1177:transgenic
954:See also:
940:Everglades
907:meat (see
891:substance
889:cyanogenic
832:Number of
745:Ripe fruit
544:phyllotaxy
513:laticifers
425:Caricaceae
214:Caricaceae
4638:200014477
4625:200014477
4607:FloraBase
4112:Jacaratia
4048:C. papaya
3331:Euphytica
3233:1049-9644
3102:1 January
3009:1471-2164
2993:(1): 49.
2818:"Papayas"
2483:4 January
2427:purgative
2403:preserves
2332:anchovies
2237:kaeng som
2204:Minahasan
2141:side dish
2131:julienned
2031:nutrients
2019:vitamin C
1893:Potassium
1867:Manganese
1854:Magnesium
1786:Vitamin K
1773:Vitamin E
1760:Vitamin C
1743:Folate (B
1727:Vitamin B
1693:Niacin (B
1470:Nutrition
1429:enzymatic
1419:(such as
1402:content.
1308:Indonesia
1136:Australia
1130:Cultivars
929:Old World
905:tenderize
855:Chemistry
798:genome ID
573:dioecious
530:Seedlings
505:palmately
491:arranged
451:The word
447:Etymology
404:) is the
232:Species:
138:Kingdom:
4874:Tropicos
4765:2.129849
4739:20681422
4713:10591092
4544:BioLib:
4482:Wikidata
3991:"Papaya"
3949:20161952
3815:"Achara"
3718:Archived
3714:30844154
3672:Archived
3662:(2024).
3636:"Papaya"
3619:29 April
3613:"Papain"
3597:11 March
3434:mhhe.com
3351:40741527
3090:"Papaya"
3070:12150815
3027:30651061
2968:18826320
2933:20632382
2701:"papaya"
2534:25 April
2437:See also
2329:Javanese
2284:Filipino
2174:empanada
2162:ginataan
1964:Lycopene
1949:Quantity
1814:Quantity
1808:Minerals
1737:0.038 mg
1721:0.191 mg
1704:0.357 mg
1687:0.027 mg
1670:0.023 mg
1610:Quantity
1604:Vitamins
1376:allergen
1366:Toxicity
1328:Source:
1213:Country
1108:Veracruz
1021:root rot
943:hammocks
893:prunasin
885:lycopene
732:Kinshasa
585:dichasia
489:spirally
408:species
210:Family:
181:Eudicots
115:IUCN 3.1
4879:6100032
4814:1491753
4747:MoBotPF
4651:2874484
4568:Ecocrop
4195:Jarilla
4032:species
4028:Extant
3940:2816552
3744:YouTube
3553:4 March
3314:21 July
3213:Bibcode
3050:Bibcode
3018:6335806
2913:Bibcode
2860:1 April
2729:"papaw"
2528:"Papaw"
2419:malaria
2367:pumpkin
2351:Bengali
2303:Som tam
2287:pickled
2279:Atchara
2261:in the
2226:som tam
2196:sautéed
2136:atchara
2116:Myanmar
2109:spinach
2105:steamed
2011:protein
1968:1828 µg
1926:0.08 mg
1874:0.04 mg
1848:0.25 mg
1828:Calcium
1570:Protein
1509:10.82 g
1460:Senegal
1417:gelatin
1332:of the
1330:FAOSTAT
1120:Florida
1104:Chiapas
1097:ovaries
1093:stamens
1074:Malacca
969:Viruses
950:Ecology
921:Florida
815:diploid
701:avocado
690:⁄
676:⁄
577:flowers
567:Flowers
542:Coiled
501:scarred
461:Spanish
220:Genus:
200:Order:
142:Plantae
113: (
88:(1887)
70:Papaya
18:Papayas
4930:Papaya
4889:450900
4886:uBio:
4853:CAPA23
4848:PLANTS
4827:429474
4801:206944
4785:NZOR:
4752:279021
4586:585682
4537:112075
4521:APDB:
4511:AoFP:
4488:Q34887
4039:Carica
3984:Papaya
3947:
3937:
3819:SBS TV
3712:
3702:
3525:
3406:Ugr.es
3349:
3231:
3068:
3025:
3015:
3007:
2966:
2931:
2797:
2770:
2577:Carica
2443:Babaco
2431:asthma
2382:Kerala
2365:, and
2363:potato
2324:Buntil
2258:tinola
2171:, and
2168:lumpia
2156:tinola
2027:folate
1906:Sodium
1900:182 mg
1793:2.6 μg
1780:0.3 mg
1649:274 μg
1633:lutein
1577:0.47 g
1553:0.26 g
1520:7.82 g
1516:Sugars
1486:Energy
1396:cooked
1372:papain
1357:tonnes
1305:
1290:Mexico
1287:
1272:Brazil
1269:
1251:
1233:
1219:tonnes
1184:genome
1089:pollen
1041:pupate
1037:larvae
925:Calusa
897:papain
877:lutein
811:Ploidy
575:. The
493:leaves
469:pawpaw
457:Arawak
453:papaya
433:Mexico
420:Carica
376:pawpaw
275:papaya
225:Carica
194:Rosids
36:pawpaw
4726:22324
4708:IRMNG
4687:13951
4684:IPA:
4677:62811
4612:49629
4599:CIAPA
4547:62005
4524:12066
3972:papaw
3496:(PDF)
3489:(PDF)
3486:"TF5"
3379:(3).
3347:S2CID
3189:(PDF)
3171:(PDF)
3164:(PDF)
3137:(PDF)
3093:(PDF)
2850:(PDF)
2821:(PDF)
2554:papaw
2421:, an
2347:Sukto
2191:lalab
2179:Luzon
1955:Water
1887:10 mg
1861:21 mg
1835:20 mg
1767:62 mg
1754:38 μg
1652:89 μg
1644:47 μg
1530:1.7 g
1425:aspic
1421:jelly
1400:latex
1392:seeds
1322:13.8
1318:World
1236:India
1027:Pests
909:below
665:berry
659:Fruit
509:latex
497:trunk
465:papaw
441:India
416:genus
406:plant
374:) or
346:papaw
188:Clade
175:Clade
162:Clade
149:Clade
40:mugua
4861:POWO
4809:OBIS
4778:3649
4773:NCBI
4734:IUCN
4721:ITIS
4695:IPNI
4664:9147
4659:GRIN
4646:GBIF
4594:EPPO
4560:RCZK
4532:APNI
4514:1699
3945:PMID
3908:2018
3878:2018
3852:2018
3827:2018
3801:2018
3771:2018
3710:PMID
3700:ISBN
3621:2019
3599:2023
3555:2024
3523:ISBN
3316:2011
3289:2015
3229:ISSN
3104:2022
3066:PMID
3023:PMID
3005:ISSN
2964:PMID
2929:PMID
2862:2015
2829:2017
2795:ISBN
2768:ISBN
2742:2022
2714:2022
2646:2023
2590:2022
2536:2014
2511:2017
2485:2022
2477:2016
2425:, a
2308:Thai
2215:Thai
2213:and
2198:and
2150:okoy
2009:and
1958:88 g
1919:Zinc
1913:8 mg
1841:Iron
1312:1.1
1294:1.1
1276:1.1
1258:1.3
1240:5.3
1106:and
1046:The
1031:The
984:The
899:, a
879:and
867:and
848:2014
796:NCBI
697:ripe
602:Buds
558:Leaf
485:stem
481:tree
459:via
435:and
273:The
42:see
4897:WFO
4633:FoC
4620:FNA
4581:EoL
4573:630
4555:CoL
3935:PMC
3668:FDA
3515:doi
3410:doi
3381:doi
3339:doi
3335:181
3221:doi
3058:doi
3013:PMC
2995:doi
2956:doi
2921:doi
2680:doi
2579:L."
2548:In
2503:L."
2413:In
2211:Lao
2209:In
2184:In
2114:In
2067:by
2007:fat
1819:%DV
1765:69%
1752:10%
1615:%DV
1546:Fat
1423:or
1110:),
911:).
803:513
467:or
348:, (
344:),
48:or
4921::
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3345:.
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3095:.
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3064:.
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3046:60
3044:.
3021:.
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2991:20
2989:.
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2962:.
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2950:.
2927:.
2919:.
2909:90
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2878:.
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2809:^
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2731:.
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2598:^
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2475:.
2469:.
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2349:,
2327:,
2306:,
2282:,
2240:.
2181:.
2165:,
2159:,
2153:,
2111:.
1924:1%
1911:0%
1898:6%
1885:1%
1872:2%
1859:5%
1846:1%
1833:2%
1791:2%
1778:2%
1735:2%
1719:4%
1702:2%
1685:2%
1668:2%
1647:3%
1642:5%
1382:.
981:.
838:36
683:11
669:17
515:.
397:ɔː
391:ɔː
367:ɔː
331:ɑː
312::
310:US
306:,
296:aɪ
263:L.
190::
177::
164::
151::
4445:V
4435:V
4425:V
4415:V
4405:V
4395:V
4378:V
4368:V
4358:V
4348:V
4338:V
4328:V
4318:V
4308:V
4298:V
4288:V
4278:V
4268:V
4258:V
4248:V
4225:J
4215:J
4205:J
4182:J
4172:J
4162:J
4152:J
4142:J
4132:J
4122:J
4079:C
4069:C
4021:e
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3931:5
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3880:.
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299:ə
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290:ˈ
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