129:
368:
120:
419:
723:
1320:
282:
The greater part of
Paphlagonia is a rugged mountainous country, but it contains fertile valleys and produces a great abundance of hazelnuts and fruit – particularly plums, cherries and pears. The mountains are clothed with dense forests, notable for the quantity of boxwood that they furnish. Hence,
555:
once again. Under the
Byzantine Empire, Greeks often disparaged Paphlagonians as crooks, particularly in the 10th to 12th centuries. During this period, the high profile of Paphlagonians in positions of power, such as court eunuchs, often attracted backlash from the rest of society.
901:
128:
403:
in Greek, were expelled from their homeland during a revolution. With a group of defeated
Trojans under the leadership of the Trojan prince Antenor, they emigrated to the northern end of the
2694:
303:, a colony of Sinope situated a short distance east of the Halys river (and therefore not strictly in Paphlagonia as defined by Strabo), grew to become almost a rival of its parent city.
768:
2689:
1501:
912:
892:
888:
1357:
680:
The Greeks and Romans in the Black Sea and the
Importance of the Pontic Region for the Graeco-Roman World (7th Century BC-5th Century AD): 20 Years On (1997–2017)
915:
1877:
945:
886:
446:, a freedom perhaps due to the nature of their country, with its lofty mountain ranges and difficult passes. All these rulers appear to have borne the name
803:
1872:
352:
people, whose exact ethnic relation to the
Paphlagonians is uncertain. It seems perhaps that they were related to the people of the adjoining country,
1494:
703:
911:
521:, but left the interior of the country under the native princes, until the dynasty became extinct and the whole country was incorporated into the
738:
1350:
867:
2714:
763:
1487:
906:
824:
833:
743:
2679:
2674:
938:
913:
899:
898:
875:
874:
907:
870:
842:
829:
848:
895:
872:
860:
853:
849:
796:
119:
2659:
1343:
2719:
910:
909:
905:
854:
840:
835:
827:
826:
2704:
2684:
2699:
893:
887:
882:
931:
908:
367:
1565:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
954:
857:
902:
900:
839:
525:. The name was still retained by geographers, though its boundaries are not distinctly defined by the geographer Claudius
789:
758:
2709:
2007:
823:
852:
841:
2664:
2615:
2156:
894:
687:
639:
828:
530:
1479:
879:
2581:
1832:
834:
863:
1900:
1824:
1813:
1254:
889:
873:
517:
united the coastal districts of
Paphlagonia, along with the greater part of Pontus, with the Roman province of
858:
847:
830:
299:, a few miles east of the Parthenius river, became important under the rule of the Macedonian monarchs; while
1967:
1601:
862:
832:
885:
284:
2404:
1510:
1274:
903:
478:. However, it continued to be governed by native princes until it was absorbed by the encroaching power of
17:
864:
838:
2669:
1887:
883:
880:
634:
615:
904:
859:
843:
831:
825:
482:. The rulers of that dynasty became masters of the greater part of Paphlagonia as early as the reign of
462:
At a later period, Paphlagonia passed under the control of the
Macedonian kings, and after the death of
865:
591:
540:
897:
890:
871:
2084:
2026:
1837:
968:
856:
855:
851:
846:
837:
866:
442:
speaks of them as being governed by a prince of their own, without any reference to the neighboring
2424:
2409:
2233:
1962:
1909:
1905:
1867:
1799:
1620:
881:
878:
876:
503:
845:
844:
836:
2228:
2175:
2112:
1952:
1942:
1771:
1741:
869:
483:
361:
877:
2434:
1761:
861:
850:
572:
271:
868:
773:
668:
Eustath. ad Horn. II. ii. 851, ad Dion. Per. 787; Steph. B. t.v.; Const. Porph. de Them. i. 7.
2449:
2218:
2031:
1957:
1550:
1269:
896:
884:
585:
487:
197:
594:(c. 105 – c. 170 AD), also called Alexander the Paphlagonian, or the false prophet Alexander
2654:
2587:
2104:
1756:
1588:
1558:
99:
8:
2593:
2548:
2366:
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2018:
1847:
1794:
1789:
1562:
1299:
1190:
812:
576:
552:
463:
357:
2444:
2419:
2326:
2301:
2190:
2074:
1924:
1736:
1533:
891:
697:
581:
518:
450:
as a sign that they claimed descent from the chieftain of that name who figures in the
435:
400:
677:
2571:
2278:
2268:
2263:
2167:
2137:
1934:
1784:
1675:
1665:
1640:
1635:
1304:
1249:
683:
621:
569:
548:
499:
479:
418:
2507:
2502:
2459:
2414:
2321:
2066:
2056:
2046:
1994:
1731:
1723:
1509:
597:
215:
143:
498:
under their control. From that time, the whole province was incorporated into the
364:. Their language would appear, from Strabo's testimony, to have been distinctive.
2487:
2477:
2384:
2336:
2291:
2210:
2132:
2117:
2036:
1779:
1683:
1655:
1630:
1612:
1463:
1403:
1335:
1160:
1090:
1071:
644:
239:
111:
106:
311:
79:
2497:
2492:
2482:
2429:
2374:
2185:
2079:
2051:
2041:
1919:
1708:
1703:
1660:
1650:
1573:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
1259:
1056:
923:
609:
491:
188:
2648:
2630:
2617:
2379:
2331:
2296:
2286:
2195:
1895:
1698:
1693:
1645:
1625:
1554:
1538:
1324:
1222:
734:
729:
495:
333:
288:
310:– in ancient times the capital of the Paphlagonian kings, afterwards called
2577:
2394:
2389:
2341:
2127:
2094:
2089:
1914:
1688:
1566:
522:
404:
319:
259:
2600:
2472:
2439:
2306:
2180:
2122:
1206:
1041:
998:
603:
263:
2467:
2311:
1713:
1542:
1388:
1198:
1145:
1085:
1080:
1016:
983:
535:
529:. Paphlagonia reappeared as a separate province in the 5th century AD (
467:
384:
380:
353:
91:
1026:
781:
422:
Detail of a 15th-century map showing
Anatolia, with Paphlagonia at top
2253:
2142:
1751:
1746:
1443:
1279:
649:
565:
427:
227:
371:
King of
Paphlagonia Pylaimenes II/III Euergetes. Circa 133 to 103 BC
251:
2599: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
2346:
2316:
2238:
1947:
1862:
1570:
1423:
1383:
1367:
1264:
1105:
1031:
1008:
1003:
993:
544:
439:
376:
349:
345:
235:
231:
52:
41:
728:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2543:
2399:
2258:
2200:
1963:
Numidia (divided as
Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
1857:
1852:
1842:
1458:
1453:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1289:
1284:
1228:
1210:
1155:
1150:
1119:
1095:
1076:
1051:
1046:
1036:
1020:
988:
526:
475:
431:
408:
328:
315:
292:
247:
243:
94:
1218:
2553:
1378:
1233:
1214:
1202:
1185:
1165:
1135:
1110:
978:
973:
678:
Alexandru Avram, Gocha R. Tsetskhladze, James Hargrave (2021).
514:
443:
412:
323:
307:
300:
296:
255:
223:
83:
74:
56:
822:
2248:
2243:
2223:
1468:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1413:
1393:
1194:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1140:
1100:
1066:
1061:
1012:
471:
451:
392:
326:
river, near extensive mines of the mineral called by Strabo
270:
was said to be named after Paphlagon, a son of the mythical
2695:
States and territories disestablished in the 2nd century BC
1114:
747:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
584:(4th century BC) Greek philosopher, one of the founders of
396:
287:
from an early period. Among these, the flourishing city of
179:
176:
170:
161:
1557:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
624:(until he decided to leave for Troja and return to Cardia)
375:
The Paphlagonians were one of the most ancient nations of
167:
152:
2690:
States and territories established in the 5th century BC
332:(red arsenic or arsenic sulfide), largely exported from
775:
A Geographical and Historical Description of Asia Minor
606:(9th century), wife of the Byzantine emperor Theophilus
434:, and they sent an important contingent to the army of
379:
and were listed among the allies of the Trojans in the
1993:
173:
155:
146:
158:
149:
202:
164:
1587:
1365:
539:c. 33). In the 7th century it became part of the
306:The most considerable towns of the interior were
2646:
953:
682:. Archaeopress Publishing Limited. p. 176.
486:(302–266 BC), but it was not until 183 BC that
509:
457:
2580:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
1495:
1351:
939:
797:
612:(11th century), Eastern Roman poet and author
702:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2603:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
383:(ca. 1200 BC or 1250 BC), where their king
1502:
1488:
1358:
1344:
946:
932:
804:
790:
551:, before being split off c. 820 to form a
1537:. Provincial administration reformed and
1511:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
733:
417:
366:
811:
407:coast and later merged with indigenous
399:, a group of Paphlagonians, called the
250:) by a prolongation to the east of the
14:
2647:
618:(c. 1010 – 1041 AD), Byzantine emperor
258:, the region was bounded by the river
27:Historical region of northern Anatolia
2533:
2532:
1992:
1586:
1522:
1483:
1339:
927:
785:
348:, Paphlagonia was inhabited by the
24:
568:(5th century BC) eunuch, envoy of
356:, who were speakers of one of the
295:in ca. 630 BC, stood pre-eminent.
25:
2731:
2680:Provinces of the Byzantine Empire
2675:Praetorian prefecture of the East
752:
559:
466:, it was assigned, together with
1943:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
1569:in c. 640–660, although in
1318:
721:
454:as leader of the Paphlagonians.
426:Paphlagonians were mentioned by
387:and his son Harpalion perished (
314:, situated near the frontier of
242:to the east, and separated from
142:
127:
118:
1553:established after the death of
430:among the peoples conquered by
2660:Historical regions of Anatolia
1901:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
1825:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
671:
662:
391:, ii. 851–857). According to
13:
1:
2705:History of Kastamonu Province
2685:5th-century BC establishments
1968:Tripolitania (Roman province)
1546:
655:
640:List of rulers of Paphlagonia
955:Ancient kingdoms of Anatolia
291:, founded by colonists from
283:its coasts were occupied by
7:
2720:History of Karabük Province
2715:History of Çankırı Province
2576: Re-established after
1888:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
1523:
635:Ancient regions of Anatolia
628:
616:Michael IV the Paphlagonian
510:Roman and Byzantine empires
458:Under the Kingdom of Pontus
277:
203:
10:
2736:
2700:History of Bartın Province
415:to the area they settled.
339:
2710:History of Sinop Province
2566:
2549:Quaestura exercitus (536)
2539:
2528:
2458:
2365:
2277:
2209:
2166:
2155:
2103:
2065:
2017:
2006:
2002:
1988:
1933:
1886:
1823:
1812:
1770:
1722:
1674:
1611:
1600:
1596:
1582:
1529:
1518:
1374:
1313:
1242:
1128:
961:
819:
592:Alexander of Abonoteichus
192:
126:
117:
105:
90:
70:
62:
47:
39:
32:
2665:History of the Black Sea
2425:Palaestina III Salutaris
1621:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
2592: Placed under the
1953:Mauretania Caesariensis
1772:Diocese of the Britains
744:Encyclopædia Britannica
362:Indo-European languages
322:, in the valley of the
230:coast of north-central
2435:Phoenice II Libanensis
2138:Macedonia II Salutaris
1551:praetorian prefectures
1513:(4th–7th centuries AD)
1366:Historical regions of
777:by John Anthony Cramer
423:
372:
219:
2157:Praetorian prefecture
2032:Noricum mediterraneum
2008:Praetorian prefecture
1958:Mauretania Sitifensis
1853:Picenum Suburbicarium
1814:Praetorian prefecture
1602:Praetorian prefecture
1549: 293. Permanent
421:
370:
2588:Diocese of Illyricum
2582:Prefecture of Africa
2337:Galatia II Salutaris
2105:Diocese of Macedonia
1995:Eastern Roman Empire
1757:Mauretania Tingitana
1589:Western Roman Empire
262:to the west and the
66:5th century – 183 BC
2627: /
2594:Quaestura exercitus
2367:Diocese of the East
2357:Pontus Polemoniacus
2019:Diocese of Pannonia
1848:Lucania et Bruttium
1795:Maxima Caesariensis
1790:Flavia Caesariensis
813:History of Anatolia
547:, and later of the
484:Mithridates Ctistes
464:Alexander the Great
344:In the time of the
234:, situated between
71:Historical capitals
2670:Byzantine Anatolia
2445:Syria II Salutaris
2302:Armenian Satrapies
2075:Dacia Mediterranea
1997:(395–c. 640)
1925:Venetia et Histria
1833:Apulia et Calabria
1534:Notitia Dignitatum
582:Diogenes of Sinope
519:Bithynia et Pontus
502:until the fall of
424:
411:, giving the name
373:
40:Ancient Region of
2610:
2609:
2572:Septem Provinciae
2562:
2561:
2534:Other territories
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2307:Armenia III (536)
2279:Diocese of Pontus
2269:Phrygia Salutaris
2264:Phrygia Pacatiana
2168:Diocese of Thrace
2151:
2150:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1935:Diocese of Africa
1808:
1807:
1676:Diocese of Vienne
1666:Maxima Sequanorum
1578:
1577:
1477:
1476:
1333:
1332:
1325:Turkey portal
921:
920:
622:Eumenes of Cardia
553:separate province
549:Bucellarian Theme
500:kingdom of Pontus
252:Bithynian Olympus
222:) was an ancient
210:
201:
135:
134:
16:(Redirected from
2727:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2586: Later the
2570: Later the
2530:
2529:
2508:Thebais Inferior
2503:Thebais Superior
2460:Diocese of Egypt
2450:Theodorias (528)
2312:Armenia IV (536)
2164:
2163:
2067:Diocese of Dacia
2057:Valeria ripensis
2015:
2014:
2004:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1873:Tuscia et Umbria
1821:
1820:
1724:Diocese of Spain
1609:
1608:
1598:
1597:
1584:
1583:
1548:
1531:As found in the
1520:
1519:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1321:
948:
941:
934:
925:
924:
806:
799:
792:
783:
782:
759:Bartin (English)
748:
727:
725:
724:
708:
707:
701:
693:
675:
669:
666:
598:Saint Philaretos
238:to the west and
209:modern translit.
208:
206:
196:
194:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
131:
122:
30:
29:
21:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2645:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2558:
2535:
2512:
2488:Augustamnica II
2454:
2361:
2273:
2211:Diocese of Asia
2205:
2158:
2147:
2133:Macedonia Prima
2099:
2061:
2037:Noricum ripense
2009:
1998:
1972:
1929:
1882:
1815:
1804:
1766:
1718:
1684:Alpes Maritimae
1670:
1656:Lugdunensis III
1613:Diocese of Gaul
1603:
1592:
1591:(395–476)
1574:
1541:established by
1525:
1514:
1508:
1478:
1473:
1370:
1364:
1334:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1238:
1124:
957:
952:
922:
917:
916:
914:
815:
810:
755:
737:, ed. (1911). "
722:
720:
712:
711:
695:
694:
690:
676:
672:
667:
663:
658:
645:Adriatic Veneti
631:
562:
512:
460:
342:
280:
254:. According to
145:
141:
77:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2733:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Libya Inferior
2495:
2493:Libya Superior
2490:
2485:
2483:Augustamnica I
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Lycaonia (370)
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2080:Dacia Ripensis
2077:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Carthaginensis
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1709:Novempopulania
1706:
1704:Narbonensis II
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1661:Lugdunensis IV
1658:
1653:
1651:Lugdunensis II
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1606:
1594:
1593:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1009:Hurrian States
1006:
1004:Hittite Empire
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
965:
963:
959:
958:
951:
950:
943:
936:
928:
919:
918:
821:
820:
817:
816:
809:
808:
801:
794:
786:
780:
779:
771:
766:
761:
754:
753:External links
751:
750:
749:
735:Chisholm, Hugh
717:
716:
710:
709:
688:
670:
660:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
630:
627:
626:
625:
619:
613:
610:John Mauropous
607:
601:
595:
589:
579:
561:
560:Notable people
558:
511:
508:
459:
456:
360:branch of the
341:
338:
312:Germanicopolis
279:
276:
266:to the east.
133:
132:
124:
123:
115:
114:
109:
107:Roman province
103:
102:
97:
88:
87:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
51:North central
49:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2732:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2631:41.5°N 33.5°E
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2531:
2527:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
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2484:
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2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:Palaestina II
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Cappadocia II
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:Armenia Maior
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Alpes Cottiae
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1762:Tarraconensis
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:Narbonensis I
1697:
1695:
1694:Aquitanica II
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:Lugdunensis I
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:Constantine I
1552:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1326:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Armenia Minor
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:Classical Age
1241:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:Assuwa League
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
960:
956:
949:
944:
942:
937:
935:
930:
929:
926:
818:
814:
807:
802:
800:
795:
793:
788:
787:
784:
778:
776:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
746:
745:
740:
736:
731:
730:public domain
719:
718:
714:
713:
705:
699:
691:
689:9781789697599
685:
681:
674:
665:
661:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
600:(8th century)
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
583:
580:
578:
574:
571:
570:Persian kings
567:
564:
563:
557:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
369:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
337:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
205:
199:
190:
184:
139:
130:
125:
121:
116:
113:
110:
108:
104:
101:
98:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
73:
69:
65:
63:State existed
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2612:
2554:Spania (552)
2415:Palaestina I
2395:Euphratensis
2351:
2342:Helenopontus
2322:Cappadocia I
2229:Hellespontus
2128:Epirus Vetus
2095:Praevalitana
2010:of Illyricum
1800:Valentia (?)
1785:Britannia II
1689:Aquitanica I
1567:theme system
1532:
1448:
1294:
1191:Neo-Hittites
774:
769:sdu.dk/halys
742:
679:
673:
664:
573:Artaxerxes I
534:
523:Roman Empire
513:
490:reduced the
461:
447:
425:
388:
374:
343:
327:
320:Pompeiopolis
305:
281:
267:
211:
137:
136:
78:(modern-day
35:(Παφλαγονία)
18:Paphlagonian
2655:Paphlagonia
2634: /
2601:Justinian I
2473:Aegyptus II
2405:Mesopotamia
2352:Paphlagonia
2181:Haemimontus
2159:of the East
2123:Epirus Nova
2047:Pannonia II
1780:Britannia I
1641:Germania II
1449:Paphlagonia
1295:Paphlagonia
999:Hayasa-Azzi
764:Paphlagonia
739:Paphlagonia
715:Attribution
588:philosophy.
504:Mithridates
438:in 480 BC.
268:Paphlagonia
264:Halys River
204:Paphlagonía
138:Paphlagonia
33:Paphlagonia
2649:Categories
2636:41.5; 33.5
2578:reconquest
2468:Aegyptus I
2430:Phoenice I
2385:Cilicia II
2292:Armenia II
2042:Pannonia I
1714:Viennensis
1636:Germania I
1631:Belgica II
1571:Asia Minor
1543:Diocletian
1389:Cappadocia
1270:Cappadocia
1250:Antigonids
1199:Carchemish
1146:Cimmerians
1086:Purushanda
1081:Sagalassos
1017:Kizzuwatna
984:Carchemish
962:Bronze Age
656:References
536:Synecdemus
468:Cappadocia
448:Pylaimenes
385:Pylaemenes
381:Trojan War
354:Cappadocia
260:Parthenius
220:Paflagonya
212:Paflagonía
193:Παφλαγονία
100:Cappadocia
92:Achaemenid
2380:Cilicia I
2332:Galatia I
2287:Armenia I
2254:Pamphylia
2186:Moesia II
2143:Thessalia
1920:Raetia II
1752:Lusitania
1747:Gallaecia
1737:Balearica
1626:Belgica I
1444:Pamphylia
1280:Commagene
698:cite book
650:Kastamonu
577:Darius II
566:Artoxares
531:Hierocles
506:(65 BC).
488:Pharnaces
428:Herodotus
358:Anatolian
329:sandarake
228:Black Sea
198:romanized
2347:Honorias
2317:Bithynia
2090:Moesia I
2085:Dardania
2027:Dalmatia
1948:Byzacena
1915:Raetia I
1863:Sardinia
1838:Campania
1816:of Italy
1539:dioceses
1424:Lycaonia
1384:Bithynia
1368:Anatolia
1300:Pergamon
1265:Bithynia
1129:Iron Age
969:Ahhiyawa
629:See also
604:Theodora
545:Opsikion
494:city of
440:Xenophon
405:Adriatic
377:Anatolia
346:Hittites
297:Amastris
278:Location
246:(later,
236:Bithynia
232:Anatolia
53:Anatolia
48:Location
42:Anatolia
2622:33°30′E
2619:41°30′N
2544:Taurica
2478:Arcadia
2440:Syria I
2410:Osroene
2400:Isauria
2259:Pisidia
2234:Islands
2201:Thracia
2196:Scythia
2191:Rhodope
1910:Aemilia
1906:Liguria
1878:Valeria
1868:Sicilia
1858:Samnium
1843:Corsica
1732:Baetica
1604:of Gaul
1559:Ravenna
1524:History
1459:Pisidia
1454:Phrygia
1419:Isauria
1409:Galatia
1399:Cilicia
1290:Osroene
1285:Galatia
1275:Cilicia
1255:Armenia
1229:Phrygia
1211:Kammanu
1207:Ḫilakku
1156:Diauehi
1151:Colchis
1120:Zalpuwa
1096:Shupria
1077:Pisidia
1052:Miletus
1037:Kussara
1027:Kalašma
1021:Mitanni
989:Hapalla
732::
527:Ptolemy
476:Eumenes
444:satraps
432:Croesus
413:Venetia
409:Euganei
340:History
316:Galatia
293:Miletus
272:Phineus
248:Galatia
244:Phrygia
226:on the
216:Turkish
200::
95:satrapy
80:Çankırı
2596:in 536
2390:Cyprus
2375:Arabia
2176:Europa
2113:Achaea
1563:Africa
1464:Pontus
1379:Aeolis
1305:Pontus
1234:Urartu
1215:Kummuh
1203:Gurgum
1186:Mushki
1166:Etiuni
1136:Aeolia
1111:Wilusa
1032:Kaskia
974:Arzawa
726:
686:
515:Pompey
496:Sinope
480:Pontus
436:Xerxes
401:Enetoi
350:Kashka
334:Sinope
324:Amnias
318:– and
308:Gangra
301:Amisus
289:Sinope
285:Greeks
256:Strabo
240:Pontus
224:region
112:Pontus
84:Turkey
75:Gangra
57:Turkey
2249:Lydia
2244:Lycia
2224:Caria
2118:Creta
2052:Savia
1469:Troad
1439:Mysia
1434:Lydia
1429:Lycia
1414:Ionia
1404:Doris
1394:Caria
1223:Tabal
1195:Atuna
1181:Lydia
1176:Lycia
1171:Ionia
1161:Doris
1141:Caria
1106:Urumu
1101:Urshu
1067:Nairi
1062:Mysia
1047:Luwia
1042:Lukka
1013:Isuwa
994:Hatti
586:Cynic
541:theme
492:Greek
474:, to
472:Mysia
452:Iliad
393:Homer
389:Iliad
189:Greek
2219:Asia
1561:and
1219:Quwê
1115:Troy
1091:Seha
1072:Pala
1057:Mira
704:link
684:ISBN
575:and
470:and
397:Livy
395:and
1908:et
741:".
543:of
2651::
1547:c.
1545:,
1221:,
1217:,
1213:,
1209:,
1205:,
1201:,
1197:,
1019:,
1015:,
700:}}
696:{{
533:,
336:.
274:.
218::
214:;
207:,
195:,
191::
187:;
171:oʊ
82:,
55:,
1503:e
1496:t
1489:v
1359:e
1352:t
1345:v
1225:)
1193:(
1113:/
1079:/
1023:)
1011:(
947:e
940:t
933:v
805:e
798:t
791:v
706:)
692:.
183:/
180:ə
177:i
174:n
168:ɡ
165:ˈ
162:ə
159:l
156:f
153:æ
150:p
147:ˌ
144:/
140:(
86:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
