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In 1644, the second Madras
Synagogue and Jewish Cemetery Chennai was built by de Paiva, also from Amsterdam Sephardic community in Madras, Peddanaickenpet, which later became the south end of Mint Street. It was demolished by local government in 1934 and the tombstones were moved to the Central Park
2983:
Three
Portuguese Jews were nominated to be aldermen of Madras Corporation. Three - Bartolomeo Rodrigues, Domingo do Porto, and Alvaro da Fonseca - also founded the largest trading house in Madras. The large tomb of Rodrigues, who died in Madras in 1692, became a landmark in Peddanaickenpet but was
3006:
In 1688, the famous
Sephardi poet Daniel Levy de Barrios wrote a poem in Amsterdam, with historical and geographical meaning. His information was usually most precise and drawing upon him we may receive a panorama of Sephardi life in the seventeenth century. There were six Jewish communities —
365:'s 1496 decree expelling Jews from Portugal. They are sometimes referred to as "White Jews", although that usage is generally considered pejorative or discriminatory and refers to relatively recent Jewish immigrants (end of the 15th century onward), predominantly Sephardim.
2907:
Madras Jews specialised in
Golconda diamonds, precious stones, and corals. They had very good relations with the rulers of Golkonda and this was seen as beneficial to Fort St. George, so Madras Jews were gradually accepted as honourable citizens of Fort St. George/Madras.
2963:
In 1670, the
Portuguese population in Madras numbered around 3,000. Before his death, de Paiva established 'The Colony of Jewish Traders of Madraspatam' with Antonio do Porto, Pedro Pereira, and Fernando Mendes Henriques. This enabled more Portuguese Jews from
3075:
to
Kasimedu, when a government school was approved to be built. In 1983, they were moved to Lloyds Road, when the Chennai Harbour expansion project was approved. In this whole process seventeen tombstones went missing, including that of de Paiva.
5621:
2903:
EIC policy permitted only its shareholders to trade in
Golconda diamonds and precious stones from the mines. The Company considered the Madras Jews to be interlopers because they traded separately through their Jewish community connections.
4934:
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in Coral
Merchant Street, George Town, Madras, which had a large presence of Portuguese Jews in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Neither the synagogue nor the Jewish population remains today.
4939:
5302:
4543:
The Jewish
Merchant-Colony in Madras (Fort St. George) during the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Contribution to the Economic and Social History of the Jews in India (Concluded) Walter J. Fischel
5609:
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de Paiva died in 1687 after a visit to his
Golconda diamond mines and was buried in the Jewish cemetery which he had established, alongside the synagogue which also existed at Mint Street.
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Fischel, Walter J. (1956). "Abraham Navarro: Jewish Interpreter and Diplomat in the Service of the English East India Company (1682-1692)".
4426:
Fischel, Walter J. (1956). "Abraham Navarro: Jewish Interpreter and Diplomat in the Service of the English East India Company (1682-1692)".
4203:
Fischel, Walter J. (1956). "Abraham Navarro: Jewish Interpreter and Diplomat in the Service of the English East India Company (1682-1692)".
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3071:(the usual designation for a Jewish cemetery, literally "House of Life") were written in Hebrew. The tombstones were moved again
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Renascent Empire?: The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia C.1640-1683 by Glenn Joseph Ames
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were used as diplomats by the East India Company to expand English trading. Avraham Navarro was the most prominent of these.
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91:
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Holocaust Memorial of Isaac & Rosa Henriques Decastro, erected by C. N. Annadurai Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
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1949:
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After India gained its independence in 1947 and Israel was established as a nation, most of the Malabar Jews made
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Plan of Fort St George and the city of Madras in 1726, shows Four Brothers Garden and Bartolomeo Rodrigues Tomb
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to Israel in the mid-1950s. In contrast, most of the Paradesi Jews preferred to migrate to Australia and other
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Above Four were called four brothers, they had their own garden in which Bartolomeo Rodrigues Tomb was built
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3934:"The last family of Pardesi Jews in Madras « Madras Musings | We Care for Madras that is Chennai"
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During the 18th and 19th centuries, Paradesi Jews were Sephardi immigrants to the Indian subcontinent from
322:
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59:
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Diamonds and Coral: Anglo-Dutch Jews and Eighteenth-Century Trade New edition by Gedalia Yogev (Author)
3079:
2651:
2496:
2204:
1598:
794:
784:
520:
2813:
Plan of Fort St George and the city of Madras in 1726, b.Jews Burying Place is the location of Second
5520:
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4540:
Goods from the East, 1600-1800: Trading Eurasia By Felicia Gottmann, Hanna Hodacs, Chris Nierstrasz
3112:
Pereira Street was named after Pedro Pereira, a member the colony of Jewish traders of Madraspatam.
3007:
Nieves, London, Jamaica, fourth and fifth in two parts of Barbados, and the sixth in Madras-Patan.
2468:
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37:
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1443:
995:
614:
584:
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5443:
5420:
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2922:, was an early Jewish arrival and the leader of Madras Jewish community. He built the Second
2877:
2619:
2614:
2559:
2347:
1262:
990:
977:
872:
589:
2825:
5685:
4537:
Global Trade and Commercial Networks: Eighteenth-Century Diamond Merchants By Tijl Vanneste
3175:
2990:
2987:
Samuel de Castro came to Madras from Curaçao in 1766 and Salomon Franco came from Leghorn.
2931:
2690:
2642:
2382:
2240:
1053:
918:
907:
865:
362:
84:
4546:
The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History edited by W. Rubinstein, Michael A. Jolles
8:
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2743:
2438:
1116:
983:
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809:
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373:
318:
3109:
Isaac Street was named after Isaac Henriques De Castro, who was killed in the Holocaust.
2869:
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4497:
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466:
290:
286:
5276:
145:
Portrait of David Henriques De Castro, by Gabriel Haim Henriques De Castro (1838-1897)
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727:
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404:
3563:
HDC Henriques De Castro - Industrial and management consultants, Madras, 24 May 1957
3080:
Last Jewish Business House and Trust of Chennai, Owned by Henriques De Castro Family
2952:
later achieved fame when he gave a large donation to the University of New Haven in
5435:
4489:
4435:
4212:
3661:
3189:
3132:
3128:
3041:
2923:
2911:
2900:(White Town) fortress by 1644 at the coastal city of Madras, now known as Chennai.
2814:
2708:
2589:
2549:
2513:
2211:
1761:
1272:
1028:
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847:
737:
529:
424:
354:
243:
219:
2841:
Rabbi Salomon Halevi (Last Rabbi of Madras Synagogue) and his wife Rebecca Cohen (
388:
traded in spices. They are a community of Sephardic Jews settled among the larger
5515:
5448:
5169:
5063:
3723:
3182:
3026:
3000:
2957:
2897:
2882:
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2405:
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2226:
1377:
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1001:
545:
428:
358:
202:
3702:"India's Jew Town only has a few Jews left, but traditions and landmarks remain"
5502:
5473:
5463:
5382:
5033:
5024:
2980:
to settle in Madras. Coral Merchant Street was named after the Jews' business.
2770:
2569:
2424:
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2283:
2260:
2255:
2233:
2221:
1816:
1297:
1231:
1196:
1174:
1111:
949:
927:
789:
768:
744:
510:
492:
420:
416:
415:, Europe), and their language skills were useful. Although the Sephardim spoke
412:
407:, precious stones, and corals. They had very good relations with the rulers of
342:
206:
198:
4588:
4358:"Chennai's link to its Jewish past, cemetery in Mylapore fading into oblivion"
4335:"The Portuguese Jewish Community Of Madras, India, In The Seventeenth Century"
4264:"The Portuguese Jewish Community of Madras, India, in the Seventeenth Century"
4063:"The Portuguese Jewish Community of Madras, India, in the Seventeenth Century"
3014:
started coming to Madras via Cochin. They were very religious. Some came from
5669:
5271:
5118:
5111:
4972:
3022:
3011:
2993:(1662–1709), who came from Holland, died in Madras. He was a close friend of
2718:
2713:
1919:
1846:
1372:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1201:
1179:
1131:
893:
732:
637:
599:
550:
451:
5480:
3837:
The Alchemy of Empire: Abject Materials and the Technologies of Colonialism
3666:
2748:
2574:
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1415:
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432:
381:
2861:
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because they maintained trade connections to some foreign countries (e.g.
268:
5225:
4993:
4982:
2994:
2960:. Elihu Yale and Hieromima de Paiva had a son, who died in South Africa.
2953:
2733:
2675:
2340:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1206:
389:
377:
350:
251:
247:
5090:
5490:
5210:
5104:
4501:
4447:
4224:
3163:
Fernando Mendes Henriques – The Colony of Jewish Traders of Madraspatam
3142:
Bartolomeo Rodrigues – Among 12 aldermen who founded Madras Corporation
2949:
2945:
2391:
1405:
1334:
1292:
1121:
1101:
660:
567:
487:
3757:"VI- November 30: Commemorating the expulsion of Jews from Arab lands"
3118:
De Caster Main Road was named after De Castro family (Portuguese Jew).
3088:
HDC Industrial and management consultants, Henriques De Castro family.
3037:
The Paradesi Jews had built three Paradesi synagogues and cemeteries.
5083:
4085:
4033:"18th century Jewish cemetery lies in shambles, craves for attention"
3551:
HDC Levi Henriques De Castro’ - Money lenders, Henzada, 12 March 1951
3060:
2969:
2554:
2539:
1629:
1577:
1339:
1287:
1277:
958:
954:
944:
859:
619:
346:
338:
255:
4493:
4439:
4334:
4216:
3897:
Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City of Modern India
3148:
Alvaro da Fonseca – Among 12 aldermen who founded Madras Corporation
1307:
26:
5076:
5042:
4062:
3145:
Domingo do Porto – Among 12 aldermen who founded Madras Corporation
2893:
2723:
2333:
2265:
1096:
604:
555:
408:
326:
3195:
5468:
5097:
3166:
Avraham Navarro – Prominent Jewish diplomat of East India Company
2997:
and may have been responsible for the fortune that Pitt amassed.
2699:
2665:
2534:
2328:
1317:
1312:
1184:
1075:
970:
966:
962:
711:
706:
683:
665:
540:
535:
525:
503:
478:
400:
4263:
3539:
HDC ‘Henriques De Castro’ - Money lenders Receipt, Rangoon 1950a
3131:– The first Madras Jewish community leader, he built the Second
5622:
Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture
3015:
2854:
2842:
2359:
2354:
2314:
2299:
1410:
1302:
722:
688:
674:
609:
443:
439:
393:
385:
314:
164:
3157:
Antonio do Porto – The Colony of Jewish Traders of Madraspatam
5392:
1322:
751:
655:
624:
182:
3091:
Isaac and Rosa Charitable Trust, Henriques De Castro family.
2857:
Jew), his German wife, and children, Paradesi Jews of Madras
5555:
3160:
Pedro Pereira – The Colony of Jewish Traders of Madraspatam
3095:
474:
3575:
HDC Henriques De Castro - Transports, Madras, 24 May 1957
3055:
and cemetery was built in Cochin-Jew Street, adjacent to
4552:"The Last Tribe: A lament for the dying Jewry in Kerala"
3395:
Rabbi Salomon Halevi Registration of Vehicles Malacca 7b
3383:
Rabbi Salomon Halevi Registration of Vehicles Malacca 7a
3115:
Coral Merchant Street was named after Jewish settlement.
2930:
in Peddanaickenpet, which later became the South end of
4482:
Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research
4428:
Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research
4205:
Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research
3323:
Rabbi Salamon Halevi Fort St George Gazette 19 Dec 1956
3067:
of Madras along with the gate of the cemetery on which
3796:
3491:
Rebecca Cohen Madrsa Motor Vehicles Taxation Act 1931b
3479:
Rebecca Cohen Madrsa Motor Vehicles Taxation Act 1931a
3455:
Rebecca Cohen 11-10-1913 Court Immoveables Declaration
3169:
Samuel de Castro – Founder of De Castro Trading house.
2896:. The EIC entered India around 1600 and had built the
3335:
Rabbi Salamon Halevi Pawnbroker ACT 1943- 1 June 1955
3032:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3419:
Rabbi Salomon Halevi Life Assurance 31 December 1942
3172:
Salomon Franco – Founder of De Castro Trading house.
2338:
2319:
742:
3824:
Roberts, J: "History of the World" (Penguin, 1994).
457:
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4244:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4234:
3503:Rebecca Cohen Indian Postal and Telegraphs License
2821:.Bartolomeo Rodrigues Tomb in Four Brothers Garden
4467:"Madras Rabbi Salomon Halevi and Rebecca Cohen B"
3921:
3900:. Vol. 1. Palaniappa Brothers. p. 183.
3611:Levi Henriques De Castro 1952 - Letter Registered
321:during the 15th and 16th centuries following the
5667:
3122:
4618:
4231:
4074:
4072:
3802:Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973
3725:The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities
3407:Rabbi Salomon Halevi Air Sea passage sponsor 12
3196:Madras (Chennai) Jewish surnames (partial list)
4250:"சிறப்புக் கட்டுரை: அமைதியை விரும்பும் யூதர்!"
3299:Indemnity note 1932- Issac Henriques De Castro
3063:, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
5009:
4604:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4382:
4145:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3722:Yisra'el, Muzeon (1995). Slapak, Orpa (ed.).
3359:Rabbi Salamon Halevi Madras Act No 30 of 1963
2790:
5426:Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
4549:
4069:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3721:
3599:Levi Henriques De Castro - Patta Receipt Fee
3371:Rabbi Salomon Halevi War Damage Commission 7
3181:Isaac Henriques De Castro - Close friend of
419:(i.e. Judeo-Spanish), in India they learned
370:Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
4516:"Another term in Chennai: Toyah, farewell!"
4385:"The last family of Pardesi Jews in Madras"
4026:
4024:
4022:
3085:HDC Transports, Henriques De Castro family.
1034:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
5023:
5016:
5002:
4611:
4597:
4454:
4277:Muthiah, S. (2004). Lakshmi, C. S. (ed.).
4146:Parthasarathy, Anusha (3 September 2013).
3779:"Group seeks justice for 'forgotten' Jews"
3623:Levi Henriques De Castro’ - Parry & Co
3467:Rebecca Cohen 1940 Ownership Motor Vehicle
3431:Rabbi Salomon Levi Indian Relief Committee
2797:
2783:
450:countries, similar to the choices made by
4550:Harikrishnan, Charmy (23 November 2008).
3940:
3527:Rabbi Salomon Halevi Court Madras - 1944b
3515:Rabbi Salomon Halevi Court Madras - 1944a
3059:, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of
2940:After de Paiva's death in 1687, his wife
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
4030:
4019:
3815:, Jerusalem: Kumu Berina, 1984. (Hebrew)
3717:
3715:
3099:
3096:Places named after Madras (Chennai) Jews
2876:
2868:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2808:
4479:
4425:
4383:Parthasarathy, N.S. (9 February 2018).
4355:
4280:The Unhurried City: Writings on Chennai
4276:
4202:
4184:. International Jewish Cemetery Project
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4111:
4078:
3999:
3893:
3840:. Oxford University Press. p. 69.
3311:Isaac Henriques De Castro Cheque - 1930
3018:. They were Rabbis and jewelry-makers.
2956:, which was then named after him — the
5668:
4031:Sundaram, Krithika (31 October 2012).
5411:History of the Jews under Muslim rule
4997:
4592:
3833:
3712:
3188:Rabbi Salomon Halevi - Last Rabbi of
2873:Paradesi Jews of Madras at EIC garden
396:, a coastal southern state of India.
4165:
3867:
3776:
3010:During the 18th and 19th centuries,
431:from the Cochin Jews, also known as
262:
151:Regions with significant populations
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
5610:Caracas Center of Sephardic Studies
4283:. Penguin Books India. p. 30.
3185:Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
13:
5561:Sephardim and Oriental Communities
4525:
4332:
3870:"Chennai: Where life is enshrined"
3347:Rabbi Salomon Halevi - Inoculation
3033:Paradesi synagogues and cemeteries
14:
5712:
4572:
4079:Muthiah, S. (30 September 2002).
3805:
825:Historical population comparisons
5701:Sephardi Jewish culture in India
4977:
4968:
4967:
4000:Muthiah, S. (3 September 2007).
3777:Hoge, Warren (5 November 2007).
3699:
3628:
3616:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3556:
3544:
3532:
3520:
3508:
3496:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3292:
3285:
3044:and cemeteries was built by the
1469:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1383:Historical population by country
458:History of Madras (Chennai) Jews
267:
175:
157:
139:
25:
5627:Institute for Sephardic Studies
4508:
4473:
4419:
4398:
4376:
4356:Sampath, Janani (10 May 2016).
4349:
4326:
4304:
4270:
4256:
4196:
4139:
4105:
4081:"Will Chennai's Jews be there?"
4055:
4002:"The Portuguese Jews of Madras"
3887:
3861:
3443:Rabbi Salomon Levi Prescription
2914:(Jaime Paiva), originally from
2833:shows 45 Jews living in Madras.
209:, now mostly Hebrew and English
36:needs additional citations for
5416:Antisemitism in the Arab world
4935:British Indian Ocean Territory
3868:Gill, Liz (1 September 2011).
3827:
3818:
3770:
3749:
3693:
3684:
1:
3678:
3123:Notable Madras (Chennai) Jews
3046:Amsterdam Sephardic community
2920:Amsterdam Sephardic community
1040:Christianity and Judaism
399:Paradesi Jews of Madras (now
5577:American Sephardi Federation
5570:Major communal organizations
3652:History of the Jews in India
2831:1921 Census of British India
323:expulsion of Jews from Spain
7:
5292:Western Europe and overseas
4619:History of the Jews in Asia
4148:"Lustre dims, legacy stays"
3640:
3139:in Madras, Peddanaickenpet.
2881:Paradesi Jews of Madras at
2339:
2320:
2047:Latin America and Caribbean
743:
280:to comply with Knowledge's
232:Spanish and Portuguese Jews
10:
5717:
5582:Sephardi Community Council
3051:In 1568, the first Cochin
2652:Jewish political movements
2349:Conversion to Judaism
5635:
5602:
5587:World Sephardi Federation
5569:
5541:
5501:
5434:
5403:
5128:
5032:
4963:
4922:
4882:
4624:
4360:. DT Next. Archived from
3894:Muthiah, S., ed. (2008).
3021:From the 19th centuries,
1055:Hinduism and Judaism
230:
225:
218:
213:
196:
191:
173:
155:
150:
138:
132:
131:
4684:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3178:– Best Diamond Appraiser
881:Temple in Jerusalem
574:Bar and bat mitzvah
357:in the wake of the 1492
293:may contain suggestions.
278:may need to be rewritten
5681:Ethnic groups in Kerala
5071:Expulsion from Portugal
4945:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3657:Jewish Cemetery Chennai
3137:Jewish Cemetery Chennai
3029:started intermarrying.
2928:Jewish Cemetery Chennai
2865:Paradesi Jews of Madras
2819:Jewish Cemetery Chennai
843:Twelve Tribes of Israel
384:. The Paradesi Jews of
236:Sephardic Jews in India
4037:The New Indian Express
3834:Sudan, Rajani (2016).
3105:
2885:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2822:
5421:Antisemitism in Islam
5139:Eastern Mediterranean
3813:From Cochin to Israel
3706:www.timesofisrael.com
3103:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2812:
1589:São Tomé and Príncipe
1584:Republic of the Congo
978:Second Temple Judaism
849:Kingdom of Judah
820:Modern historiography
392:community located in
226:Related ethnic groups
5691:Jewish ethnic groups
5526:Sephardi chief rabbi
5503:Religion and culture
5059:Expulsion from Spain
4859:United Arab Emirates
4312:"Paradesi Synagogue"
4112:Muthiah, S. (2014).
3874:The Jewish Chronicle
3728:. UPNE. p. 28.
3690:Census of India 2001
3635:Rachel Halevi Letter
3176:Isaac Sardo Abendana
2991:Isaac Sardo Abendana
2691:World Agudath Israel
1832:United Arab Emirates
919:Second Temple period
909:Babylonian captivity
45:improve this article
4886:limited recognition
4584:The Jews of Chennai
4406:"Our Readers Write"
4333:Arbell, Mordechai.
4115:Madras Rediscovered
3673:Synagogues in India
3647:Gathering of Israel
3223:Henriques De Castro
3057:Mattancherry Palace
3040:In 1500, the first
984:Hellenistic Judaism
562:Land of Israel
521:Principles of faith
442:and emigrated from
374:forcible conversion
319:Indian subcontinent
128:
4557:The Indian Express
3783:The New York Times
3700:Lobo, Christabel.
3587:Cheque 7 June 1884
3106:
3053:Paradesi Synagogue
2944:fell in love with
2942:Hieronima de Paiva
2890:East India Company
2886:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2847:
2835:
2823:
2545:Jewish Koine Greek
2087:Dominican Republic
1368:Judaism by country
1047:Jews and Christmas
902:Assyrian captivity
317:immigrants to the
126:
5696:Judaism in Kerala
5663:
5662:
5459:Judaeo-Portuguese
4991:
4990:
4928:other territories
4125:978-9-38572-477-0
3907:978-8-18379-468-8
3847:978-0-82327-067-5
2984:later destroyed.
2918:and belonging to
2807:
2806:
2756:
2755:
2504:
2503:
2251:Reconstructionist
2195:
2194:
1347:
1346:
1154:
1153:
991:Jewish–Roman wars
939:Hasmonean dynasty
855:Kingdom of Israel
759:
758:
405:Golconda diamonds
308:
307:
282:quality standards
261:
260:
121:
120:
113:
95:
5708:
5651:
5618:
5595:
5521:Rite and customs
5494:
5377:Crypto-Sephardim
5018:
5011:
5004:
4995:
4994:
4981:
4971:
4970:
4940:Christmas Island
4626:Sovereign states
4613:
4606:
4599:
4590:
4589:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4520:
4519:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4452:
4451:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4314:. Kerala Tourism
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4266:. 11 April 2010.
4260:
4254:
4253:
4246:
4229:
4228:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4178:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4093:on 12 March 2003
4089:. Archived from
4076:
4067:
4066:
4065:. 11 April 2010.
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4039:. Archived from
4028:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3997:
3938:
3937:
3930:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3816:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3662:Madras Synagogue
3632:
3620:
3608:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3380:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3190:Madras Synagogue
3133:Madras Synagogue
3129:Jacques de Paiva
3074:
3042:Madras Synagogue
2924:Madras Synagogue
2912:Jacques de Paiva
2815:Madras Synagogue
2799:
2792:
2785:
2648:
2647:
2529:
2350:
2344:
2325:
2289:
2288:
2236:
2183:New Zealand
2135:
2098:El Salvador
2088:
2020:Northern America
2012:
1606:
1362:
1361:
1273:Crimean Karaites
1169:
1168:
1147:
1145:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1029:Rabbinic Judaism
1010:
1004:
998:
986:
974:
940:
933:Maccabean Revolt
910:
903:
897:
889:
882:
876:
868:
850:
774:
773:
748:
643:
642:
575:
563:
462:
461:
355:death by burning
349:immigrants fled
303:
300:
294:
271:
263:
244:Henriques family
240:De Castro family
220:Orthodox Judaism
181:
179:
178:
163:
161:
160:
143:
133:Djudios Paradesi
129:
125:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5645:
5643:Philosephardism
5631:
5612:
5598:
5589:
5565:
5537:
5497:
5488:
5449:Sephardi Hebrew
5430:
5399:
5124:
5064:Alhambra Decree
5028:
5025:Sephardi Jewish
5022:
4992:
4987:
4959:
4927:
4918:
4899:Northern Cyprus
4885:
4878:
4620:
4617:
4575:
4562:
4560:
4528:
4526:Further reading
4523:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4494:10.2307/3622342
4478:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4455:
4440:10.2307/3622342
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4377:
4367:
4365:
4364:on 10 June 2016
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4275:
4271:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4252:. 14 July 2020.
4248:
4247:
4232:
4217:10.2307/3622342
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4110:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4077:
4070:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4029:
4020:
4010:
4008:
3998:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3892:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3720:
3713:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3624:
3621:
3612:
3609:
3600:
3597:
3588:
3585:
3576:
3573:
3564:
3561:
3552:
3549:
3540:
3537:
3528:
3525:
3516:
3513:
3504:
3501:
3492:
3489:
3480:
3477:
3468:
3465:
3456:
3453:
3444:
3441:
3432:
3429:
3420:
3417:
3408:
3405:
3396:
3393:
3384:
3381:
3372:
3369:
3360:
3357:
3348:
3345:
3336:
3333:
3324:
3321:
3312:
3309:
3300:
3297:
3288:
3283:
3198:
3183:C. N. Annadurai
3125:
3098:
3082:
3072:
3035:
3027:Portuguese Jews
3001:Portuguese Jews
2958:Yale University
2898:Fort St. George
2883:Fort St. George
2803:
2758:
2757:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2625:Judeo-Malayalam
2605:Judaeo-Georgian
2525:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2406:Yiddish theatre
2348:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2234:
2207:
2197:
2196:
2133:
2086:
2010:
1604:
1388:Genetic studies
1359:
1349:
1348:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1142:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1044:
1039:
1021:and Middle Ages
1019:Rabbinic period
1006:
1000:
993:
981:
952:
938:
908:
901:
892:
884:
880:
871:
866:in Judaism
863:
848:
771:
761:
760:
640:
630:
629:
573:
561:
506:
460:
429:Judeo-Malayalam
359:Alhambra Decree
304:
298:
295:
285:
272:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
203:Judeo-Malayalam
176:
174:
158:
156:
146:
134:
124:
117:
106:
100:
97:
60:"Paradesi Jews"
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5714:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5655:Sephardization
5652:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5551:Black Panthers
5547:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5474:Tetuani Ladino
5471:
5464:Judaeo-Spanish
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5404:Modern history
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5305:
5300:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5191:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5038:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5021:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4998:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4975:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4579:Jews of Kerala
4574:
4573:External links
4571:
4570:
4569:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4507:
4472:
4453:
4418:
4397:
4375:
4348:
4325:
4303:
4289:
4269:
4255:
4230:
4195:
4164:
4138:
4124:
4104:
4068:
4054:
4043:on 9 June 2016
4018:
3939:
3920:
3906:
3886:
3860:
3846:
3826:
3817:
3811:Weil, Shalva.
3804:
3795:
3769:
3748:
3734:
3711:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3669:Jews of Cochin
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3220:Helen Herzberg
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3202:ABENDANA SARDO
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3034:
3031:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
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2567:
2565:Judaeo-Iranian
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2011:United Kingdom
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1112:Jewish atheism
1109:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1086:
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1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:Islamic–Jewish
1058:
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1036:
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1023:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
988:
975:
947:
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928:Yehud Medinata
922:
921:
915:
914:
913:
912:
905:
898:
890:
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869:
857:
852:
845:
837:
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834:Ancient Israel
830:
829:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
790:Land of Israel
787:
779:
778:
772:
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762:
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749:
745:Shulchan Aruch
740:
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694:
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582:
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511:God in Judaism
507:
502:
501:
498:
497:
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482:
481:
471:
470:
459:
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413:Ottoman empire
306:
305:
275:
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266:
259:
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228:
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223:
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194:
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33:
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5713:
5702:
5699:
5697:
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5676:Paradesi Jews
5674:
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5628:
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5388:Belmonte Jews
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
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5360:
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5355:Paradesi Jews
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5328:New Amsterdam
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5119:New Christian
5116:
5114:
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5112:Maghrebi Jews
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4909:South Ossetia
4907:
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4337:. Sefarad.org
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3286:Image gallery
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3023:Yemenite Jews
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:Yemenite Jews
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3002:
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2600:Judeo-Italian
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2580:Ghardaïa Sign
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2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:United States
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
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1991:
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1597:
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1579:
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1570:
1567:
1565:
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1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1519:Guinea-Bissau
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
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1401:
1398:
1395:
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1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:Lists of Jews
1371:
1369:
1366:
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1358:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1338:
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1333:
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1225:
1223:
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1218:
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1210:
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1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1148:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:The Holocaust
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
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1079:
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1042:
1037:
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1030:
1027:
1026:
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1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1003:
997:
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989:
985:
979:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
924:
923:
920:
917:
916:
911:
906:
904:
899:
895:
891:
888:
883:
878:
874:
870:
867:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
846:
844:
841:
840:
839:
838:
835:
832:
831:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
780:
776:
775:
770:
765:
764:
753:
750:
747:
746:
741:
739:
736:
734:
733:Mishneh Torah
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
719:
718:
713:
710:
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571:
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557:
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549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
531:
527:
524:
522:
519:
516:
512:
509:
508:
505:
500:
499:
494:
493:Who is a Jew?
491:
489:
486:
485:
484:
483:
480:
476:
473:
472:
468:
464:
463:
455:
453:
452:Anglo-Indians
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
390:Cochin Jewish
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:Paradesi Jews
302:
292:
288:
283:
279:
276:This article
274:
270:
265:
264:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
190:
186:
184:
172:
168:
166:
154:
149:
142:
137:
130:
127:Paradesi Jews
115:
112:
104:
101:February 2023
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
5481:Judeo-Gascon
5454:Judeo-Arabic
5444:Judeo-Berber
5375:
5354:
5290:
5262:Gibraltarian
5251:North Africa
5249:
5241:Thessalonian
5137:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5049:Roman Empire
5041:
4924:Dependencies
4854:Turkmenistan
4819:Saudi Arabia
4561:. Retrieved
4555:
4510:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4409:. Retrieved
4400:
4388:. Retrieved
4378:
4366:. Retrieved
4362:the original
4351:
4339:. Retrieved
4328:
4316:. Retrieved
4306:
4294:. Retrieved
4279:
4272:
4258:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4186:. Retrieved
4155:. Retrieved
4151:
4141:
4129:. Retrieved
4118:. Westland.
4114:
4107:
4095:. Retrieved
4091:the original
4084:
4057:
4045:. Retrieved
4041:the original
4036:
4009:. Retrieved
4005:
3911:. Retrieved
3896:
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3873:
3863:
3851:. Retrieved
3836:
3829:
3820:
3812:
3807:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3782:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3751:
3739:. Retrieved
3724:
3705:
3695:
3686:
3667:Meshuchrarim
3069:Beit ha-Haim
3068:
3065:
3050:
3039:
3036:
3020:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2962:
2939:
2936:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2887:
2749:Post-Zionism
2620:Judeo-Berber
2615:Judeo-Arabic
2575:Judeo-Gascon
2322:Pidyon haben
2241:Conservative
1787:Saudi Arabia
1605:South Africa
1594:Sierra Leone
1416:Israeli Jews
1330:Mosaic Arabs
1283:Kaifeng Jews
1144:Arab–Israeli
1117:Emancipation
996:Great Revolt
805:Anti-Judaism
800:Antisemitism
795:Name "Judea"
590:Baal teshuva
448:Commonwealth
437:
433:Malabar Jews
403:) traded in
398:
382:antisemitism
367:
334:
330:
310:
309:
296:
287:You can help
277:
123:Ethnic group
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
16:Ethnic group
5686:Indian Jews
5646: [
5613: [
5590: [
5489: [
5211:Palestinian
4983:Asia portal
4884:States with
4804:Philippines
4744:South Korea
4739:North Korea
4634:Afghanistan
3762:19 February
2995:Thomas Pitt
2954:Connecticut
2932:Mint Street
2853:Mr. Cohen (
2744:Revisionist
2734:Neo-Zionism
2341:Zeved habat
2134:Puerto Rico
1960:Netherlands
1792:South Korea
1777:Philippines
1657:Afghanistan
1524:Ivory Coast
1298:Crypto-Jews
1263:Bnei Anusim
1242:Bene Israel
1207:Beta Israel
1164:Communities
1071:Middle Ages
810:Persecution
585:Bereavement
427:as well as
378:persecution
363:King Manuel
351:persecution
252:Indian Jews
248:Cochin Jews
5670:Categories
5194:Macedonian
5182:Alexandria
5130:Dispersion
5105:Megorashim
5084:Degredados
5054:Golden Age
4864:Uzbekistan
4839:Tajikistan
4754:Kyrgyzstan
4734:Kazakhstan
4654:Bangladesh
4644:Azerbaijan
3788:3 December
3679:References
3253:da Fonseca
2950:Elihu Yale
2946:Elihu Yale
2729:Maximalism
2681:Secularism
2661:Autonomism
2478:Literature
2271:Humanistic
1875:Azerbaijan
1837:Uzbekistan
1812:Tajikistan
1732:Kyrgyzstan
1717:Kazakhstan
1564:Mozambique
1539:Madagascar
1459:Cape Verde
1411:New Yishuv
1406:Old Yishuv
1357:Population
1335:Subbotniks
1293:Samaritans
1232:Romanyotim
1175:Ashkenazim
1122:Old Yishuv
1102:Sabbateans
1089:Modern era
1081:Golden Age
1008:Bar Kokhba
728:Beit Yosef
595:Philosophy
197:Initially
71:newspapers
5436:Languages
5383:Amazonian
5367:Livornese
5345:Hamburger
5189:Hungarian
5155:Bulgarian
5077:Conversos
4950:Hong Kong
4904:Palestine
4829:Sri Lanka
4824:Singapore
4704:Indonesia
4563:6 October
4488:: 39–62.
4434:: 39–62.
4411:6 October
4390:6 October
4368:6 October
4341:6 October
4318:6 October
4296:6 October
4211:: 39–62.
4188:6 October
4182:"Chennai"
4157:6 October
4152:The Hindu
4131:6 October
4097:6 October
4086:The Hindu
4047:6 October
4011:6 October
4006:The Hindu
3913:6 October
3879:6 October
3853:6 October
3741:6 October
3274:Weichmann
3247:RODRIGUES
3229:HEYNEMANN
3226:Henriques
3208:De Castro
3061:Ernakulam
2978:Amsterdam
2970:Caribbean
2916:Amsterdam
2739:Religious
2595:Zarphatic
2585:Bukharian
2555:Judeo-Tat
2540:Yeshivish
2514:Languages
2469:Sephardic
2459:Israelite
2449:Ethiopian
2439:Ashkenazi
2378:Religious
2168:Australia
2150:Venezuela
2056:Argentina
2038:Greenland
1950:Lithuania
1802:Sri Lanka
1797:Singapore
1722:Kurdistan
1687:Indonesia
1677:Hong Kong
1630:Abayudaya
1554:Mauritius
1288:Igbo Jews
1278:Krymchaks
1197:Sephardim
1065:relations
959:Sadducees
955:Pharisees
945:Sanhedrin
860:Jerusalem
620:Synagogue
488:Etymology
347:Sephardic
339:Malayalam
313:refer to
299:July 2020
291:talk page
256:Desi Jews
192:Languages
5543:Politics
5323:Suriname
5298:American
5284:Tunisian
5272:Moroccan
5257:Algerian
5216:Romanian
5199:Monastir
5177:Egyptian
5170:Splicani
5160:Croatian
5145:Albanian
5098:Marranos
5091:Lançados
5043:Sepharad
4973:Category
4894:Abkhazia
4844:Thailand
4799:Pakistan
4779:Mongolia
4774:Maldives
4769:Malaysia
4669:Cambodia
3641:See also
3271:WECHSLER
3262:SALOMONS
3250:do Porto
3211:DE PAIVA
2894:Golkonda
2766:Category
2724:Kahanism
2671:Feminism
2643:Politics
2527:Biblical
2497:American
2444:Bukharan
2434:American
2334:Shidduch
2310:Clothing
2266:Haymanot
2212:Orthodox
2140:Suriname
2123:Paraguay
2076:Colombia
1975:Portugal
1885:Bulgaria
1822:Thailand
1772:Pakistan
1752:Mongolia
1747:Malaysia
1667:Cambodia
1641:Zimbabwe
1616:Tanzania
1494:Eswatini
1484:Ethiopia
1474:Djibouti
1454:Cameroon
1449:Botswana
1378:Diaspora
1340:Noahides
1313:Marranos
1237:Cochinim
1222:Bukharim
1212:Gruzinim
1202:Teimanim
1192:Mizrahim
1180:Galician
1146:conflict
1107:Hasidism
1097:Haskalah
1002:Diaspora
873:timeline
785:Timeline
698:Rabbinic
605:Kabbalah
580:Marriage
556:Tzedakah
546:Holidays
504:Religion
467:a series
465:Part of
409:Golkonda
372:fleeing
345:. These
331:Paradesi
327:Portugal
214:Religion
201:, later
5603:Studies
5533:Haredim
5511:Cuisine
5486:Bagitto
5469:Haketia
5362:Italian
5335:English
5318:Curaçao
5303:Antwerp
5277:Tetuani
5236:Rhodian
5221:Serbian
5206:Ottoman
5165:Ragusan
5150:Bosnian
5034:Origins
4869:Vietnam
4784:Myanmar
4764:Lebanon
4694:Georgia
4649:Bahrain
4639:Armenia
4502:3622342
4448:3622342
4225:3622342
3280:Moonien
3259:Salomón
3244:Pereira
3241:NAVARRO
3073:in 1979
2966:Leghorn
2709:General
2700:Zionism
2676:Leftism
2666:Bundism
2590:Knaanic
2550:Yevanic
2535:Yiddish
2492:Yiddish
2487:Israeli
2464:Mizrahi
2454:Israeli
2425:Cuisine
2401:Ancient
2383:Secular
2329:Kashrut
2305:Wedding
2292:Customs
2284:Culture
2261:Science
2256:Renewal
2246:Karaite
2227:Hasidic
2159:Oceania
2145:Uruguay
2113:Jamaica
2093:Ecuador
2061:Bolivia
2005:Ukraine
1980:Romania
1955:Moldova
1935:Hungary
1925:Germany
1920:Georgia
1910:Finland
1905:Estonia
1900:Denmark
1895:Czechia
1880:Belarus
1870:Austria
1865:Armenia
1842:Vietnam
1757:Myanmar
1742:Lebanon
1662:Bahrain
1621:Tunisia
1599:Somalia
1574:Nigeria
1569:Namibia
1559:Morocco
1489:Eritrea
1434:Algeria
1318:Neofiti
1227:Italkim
1217:Juhurim
1127:Zionism
1076:Khazars
971:Sicarii
967:Zealots
963:Essenes
950:Schisms
815:Leaders
777:General
769:History
712:Tosefta
707:Midrash
684:Mishnah
666:Ketuvim
661:Nevi'im
610:Customs
541:Shabbat
536:Halakha
528: (
526:Mitzvot
513: (
479:Judaism
425:Konkani
401:Chennai
335:foreign
85:scholar
5393:Xuetas
5350:Indian
5340:French
5267:Libyan
5226:Syrian
5027:topics
4914:Taiwan
4849:Turkey
4814:Russia
4749:Kuwait
4729:Jordan
4719:Israel
4679:Cyprus
4664:Brunei
4659:Bhutan
4500:
4446:
4287:
4223:
4122:
3904:
3844:
3732:
3268:Toback
3265:SOFAER
3256:Mendes
3232:JOSHUA
3217:Halevi
3214:Franco
3016:Najran
2976:, and
2974:London
2968:, the
2855:Najran
2843:Najran
2771:Portal
2630:Domari
2560:Shassi
2521:Hebrew
2416:Humour
2360:Hiloni
2355:Aliyah
2315:Niddah
2300:Minyan
2235:Reform
2222:Haredi
2217:Modern
2118:Mexico
2103:Guyana
2066:Brazil
2028:Canada
2000:Sweden
1990:Serbia
1985:Russia
1970:Poland
1965:Norway
1945:Latvia
1930:Greece
1915:France
1890:Cyprus
1856:Europe
1827:Turkey
1817:Taiwan
1727:Kuwait
1712:Jordan
1702:Israel
1636:Zambia
1626:Uganda
1544:Malawi
1514:Guinea
1504:Gambia
1439:Angola
1425:Africa
1308:Dönmeh
1303:Anusim
1247:Berber
1185:Litvak
1137:Israel
1043:
980:
894:Second
862:
723:Targum
689:Gemara
675:Talmud
647:Tanakh
600:Ethics
551:Prayer
444:Kerala
440:Aliyah
417:Ladino
394:Kerala
386:Cochin
380:, and
333:means
315:Jewish
289:. The
199:Ladino
180:
165:Israel
162:
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
5650:]
5636:Other
5617:]
5594:]
5516:Music
5493:]
5313:Aruba
5308:Dutch
5231:Greek
4955:Macau
4874:Yemen
4834:Syria
4809:Qatar
4789:Nepal
4724:Japan
4699:India
4689:Egypt
4674:China
4498:JSTOR
4444:JSTOR
4221:JSTOR
3238:Meyer
3205:Cohen
2845:Jew)
2719:Labor
2714:Green
2411:Dance
2369:Music
2188:Palau
2108:Haiti
2071:Chile
1995:Spain
1940:Italy
1847:Yemen
1807:Syria
1782:Qatar
1762:Nepal
1707:Japan
1682:India
1672:China
1611:Sudan
1534:Libya
1529:Kenya
1509:Ghana
1499:Gabon
1479:Egypt
1464:Benin
1323:Xueta
1268:Lemba
887:First
752:Zohar
656:Torah
638:Texts
625:Rabbi
615:Rites
515:names
421:Tamil
343:Tamil
207:Tamil
183:India
92:JSTOR
78:books
5556:Shas
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