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built between 477 and 495 AD is one of the few surviving protective parapet walls from antiquity. Built onto the side of
Sigiriya Rock it ran for a distance of approximately 250 meters and provided protection from inclement weather. Only about one hundred metres of this wall exists today, but brick
632:; see Chap VII. Orwell frequently speaks of parapets and includes any obstruction planned or temporary including those made of hastily shoveled soil, sandbags of dirt, piles of stones, etc., made during 1936ā37 trench warfare when he was a militia soldier in the
74:'chest/breast'). Where extending above a roof, a parapet may simply be the portion of an exterior wall that continues above the edge line of the roof surface, or may be a continuation of a vertical feature beneath the roof such as a
291:
can be decorated with various miniature pavilions, according to the KÄmikÄgama. In the Bible the
Hebrews are obligated to build a parapet on the roof of their houses to prevent people falling (Deuteronomy 22:8).
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are required to have a parapet, a portion of the wall extending above the roof. The parapet is required to be as fire resistant as the lower wall, and extend a distance prescribed by building code.
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or fire-step so that defending infantry could shoot over the top. The top of the parapet often slopes towards the enemy to enable the defenders to shoot downwards; this incline is called the
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320:) prevent users from falling off where there is a drop. They may also be meant to restrict views, to prevent rubbish passing below, and to act as
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Embattled parapets may be panelled, but are pierced, if not purely as stylistic device, for the discharge of defensive projectiles.
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debris and grooves on the rock face along the western side of the rock clearly show where the rest of this wall once stood.
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as a fire risk. Instead an 18-inch brick parapet was required, with the roof set behind. This was continued in many
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82:. Parapets were originally used to defend buildings from military attack, but today they are primarily used as
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350:, parapets are defined as a sub-category of "vehicle restraint systems" or "pedestrian restraint systems".
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houses, as it gave the appearance of a flat roof which accorded with the desire for classical proportions.
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or square, and more or less enriched, but not perforated. These are common in the
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when temporary) is a wall of stone, wood or earth on the outer edge of a
466:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 770.
386:, parapets tend to be higher and thicker. They could be provided with
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is a barrier that is an upward extension of a wall at the edge of a
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Plain parapets are upward extensions of the wall, sometimes with a
98:, perforated or panelled, which are not mutually exclusive terms.
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283:, the ancient Indian science of sculpture, a parapet is known as
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Perforated parapets are pierced in various designs such as
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287:. It is optionally added while constructing a temple. The
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are common. They may be of solid or framed construction.
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A decorative parapet rings the flat roof of this
English
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A modern parapet with integrated lighting functions as a
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which banned projecting wooden eaves in the cities of
16:
Barrier extending upward a wall at the edge of a roof
327:Bridge parapets may be made from any material, but
700:
531:. Melbourne: Panique Pty Ltd. pp. 118ā121.
481:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 266.
648:, Charles James, Egerton Military Library 1810.
504:"Comprehensive Study of Wind Loads on Parapets"
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374:, which shelters the defenders. In medieval
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390:for the fort's guns to fire through, and a
160:A modern, transparent parapet surrounds a
665:, Panique Pty Ltd, 2013 pp 124ā127, 179.
256:Parapets surrounding roofs are common in
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646:A New and Enlarged Military Dictionary
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554:Temples of Salem region Up to 1336 AD
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176:Elaborate parapets flank the roof of
59:. The word comes ultimately from the
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479:A visual dictionary of architecture
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178:King's College Chapel, Cambridge
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608:. Stroud: Sutton. p. 32.
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312:Parapets on bridges and other
135:by a series of panels, either
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527:Ponnamperuma, Senani (2013).
477:Ching, Francis D. K. (1997).
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354:Parapets in fortification
684:Victorian Forts glossary
27:parapet on a bastion of
604:Friar, Stephen (2003).
463:EncyclopƦdia Britannica
260:. This dates from the
94:Parapets may be plain,
714:Architectural elements
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206:Historic parapet walls
131:Panelled parapets are
70:'to cover/defend' and
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663:The Story of Sigiriya
661:Senani Ponnamperuma.
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628:George Orwell 1938,
316:structures (such as
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724:Protective barriers
709:Castle architecture
630:Homage to Catalonia
341:reinforced concrete
694:What is a Parapet?
378:, they were often
348:European standards
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529:Story of Sigiriya
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585:. January 2007
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408:Attic style
382:. In later
380:crenellated
266:Westminster
221:, Sri Lanka
126:quatrefoils
84:guard rails
25:crenellated
703:Categories
429:References
388:embrasures
364:breastwork
358:A parapet
200:in Chicago
196:along the
194:guard rail
133:ornamented
80:party wall
392:banquette
333:aluminium
302:firewalls
234:Sri Lanka
141:Decorated
96:embattled
76:fire wall
64:parapetto
57:structure
55:or other
413:Baluster
402:See also
274:Georgian
230:Sigiriya
219:Sigiriya
164:rooftop.
147:periods.
122:trefoils
31:, Cyprus
689:Parapet
512:15 June
423:Redoubt
376:castles
314:highway
118:circles
61:Italian
53:walkway
49:balcony
45:terrace
37:parapet
669:
612:
583:Flickr
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418:Merlon
372:trench
337:timber
270:London
258:London
137:oblong
110:below.
108:corbel
104:coping
68:parare
558:(PDF)
507:(PDF)
300:Many
124:, or
72:petto
667:ISBN
610:ISBN
591:2014
533:ISBN
514:2021
483:ISBN
339:and
289:hÄra
285:hÄra
268:and
143:and
41:roof
23:The
370:or
346:In
279:In
228:at
217:at
78:or
705::
581:.
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460:.
437:^
398:.
335:,
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66:(
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