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a malignant clone, a rogue plasma cell, reproduces in an uncontrolled fashion, resulting in overproduction of the specific antibody the original cell was generated to produce. Each type of antibody has a different number of light chain and heavy chain pairs. As a result, there is a characteristic normal distribution of these antibodies in the blood by molecular weight.
141:
of plasma cells. Plasma cells produce immunoglobulins, which are commonly called antibodies. There are thousands of different antibodies, each consisting of pairs of heavy and light chains. Antibodies are typically grouped into five classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. When someone has myeloma,
145:
When there is a malignant clone, there is usually overproduction of a single antibody, resulting in a "spike" on the normal distribution (sharp peak on the graph), which is called an M spike (or monoclonal spike). People will sometimes develop a condition called MGUS
150:), where there is overproduction of one antibody but the condition is benign (non-cancerous). An explanation of the difference between multiple myeloma and MGUS can be found in the International Myeloma Foundation's Patient Handbook. and Concise Review
376:"Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group"
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in cases where clonal plasma cells constitute less than 10% on bone marrow biopsy and there is no myeloma-related organ or tissue impairment.
98:. This proliferation of the myeloma protein has several deleterious effects on the body, including impaired immune function, abnormally high
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as they are all exactly the same protein. Unlike normal immunoglobulin antibodies, paraproteins cannot fight infection.
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can detect free light chains in the blood. Monoclonal free light chains in the serum or urine are called
17:
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214:, which were updated in 2014. Detection of paraprotein in serum of less than 30 g/L is classified as
202:. Elevated paraprotein level (above 30 g/L) in conjunction with end organ damage (elevated calcium,
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Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, Blade J, Merlini G, Mateos MV, et al. (November 2014).
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428:"International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma"
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Virchows Archiv fĂĽr
Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und fĂĽr Klinische Medizin
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206:, anemia, or bone lesions) or other biomarkers of malignancy, is diagnostic of
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showing a paraprotein (spike/peak in the gamma zone) in a patient with
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is most often associated with MGUS, where they remain "silent", and
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54:(immunoglobulin) or (more often) a fragment thereof, such as an
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paraprotein levels of more than 30 g/L is diagnostic of
233:Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
216:monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
148:Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
72:Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
374:International Myeloma Working Group (June 2003).
169:. Paraproteins form a narrow band, or 'spike' in
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210:, according to the diagnostic criteria of the
58:, that is produced in excess by an abnormal
332:"Pathophysiology of paraprotein production"
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125:hospital, introduced the concept and word
489:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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267:Apitz K (1940). "Die Paraproteinosen".
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497:Educational Resource for Paraproteins
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165:. An excess in the blood is known as
74:. Other terms for such a protein are
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123:Charité – Berlin University Medicine
319:. International Myeloma Foundation.
305:. International Myeloma Foundation.
303:"Multiple Myeloma Patient Handbook"
212:International Myeloma Working Group
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177:Serum free light-chain measurement
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317:"Multiple Myeloma Concise Review"
153:Detection of paraproteins in the
393:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04355.x
102:("thickness" of the blood), and
27:Abnormal immunoglobulin fragment
380:British Journal of Haematology
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444:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70442-5
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187:Interpretation upon detection
330:Maniatis A (November 1998).
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56:immunoglobulin light chain
349:10.3109/08860229809045179
491:Medical Subject Headings
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171:protein electrophoresis
36:protein electrophoresis
200:plasma cell dyscrasias
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248:Plasma cell dyscrasia
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432:The Lancet. Oncology
181:Bence Jones proteins
238:Smouldering myeloma
196:smouldering myeloma
502:Paraprotein typing
281:10.1007/BF02593362
76:monoclonal protein
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62:proliferation of
16:(Redirected from
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243:Multiple myeloma
208:multiple myeloma
163:multiple myeloma
114:In 1940, senior
68:multiple myeloma
40:multiple myeloma
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100:blood viscosity
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50:is an abnormal
48:myeloma protein
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275:(3): 630–699.
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386:(5): 749–57.
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336:Renal Failure
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137:Myeloma is a
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487:Paraproteins
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342:(6): 821–8.
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64:plasma cells
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453:2268/174646
192:Blood serum
127:paraprotein
116:pathologist
96:paraprotein
84:M component
18:Paraprotein
517:Hematology
511:Categories
254:References
139:malignancy
119:Kurt Apitz
60:monoclonal
80:M protein
532:Proteins
527:Oncology
470:36384542
462:25439696
402:12780789
289:25971713
222:See also
52:antibody
410:3195084
358:9834980
228:Tuftsin
121:of the
110:History
88:M spike
493:(MeSH)
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34:Serum
466:S2CID
406:S2CID
285:S2CID
159:blood
155:urine
133:Cause
94:, or
458:PMID
398:PMID
354:PMID
448:hdl
440:doi
388:doi
384:121
344:doi
277:doi
273:306
157:or
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