Baltimore classification

153: 1058:. For monopartite viruses, all genes are on the single segment of the genome. Multipartite viruses typically package their genomes into a single virion so that the whole genome is in one virus particle, and the separate segments contain different genes. Monopartite viruses are found in all Baltimore groups, whereas multipartite viruses are usually RNA viruses. This is because most multipartite viruses infect plants or fungi, which are eukaryotes, and most eukaryotic viruses are RNA viruses. The family 619: 1128: 978: 696: 1244: 102:(RNA), the strandedness of the genome, which can be either single- or double-stranded, and the sense of a single-stranded genome, which is either positive or negative. The primary advantage of Baltimore classification is that by classifying viruses according to the aforementioned characteristics, viruses that behave in the same manner can be studied as distinct groups. There are seven Baltimore groups numbered with Roman numerals, listed hereafter. 448: 3530: 86:. Since then, it has become common among virologists to use Baltimore classification alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary history. In 2018 and 2019, Baltimore classification was partially integrated into virus taxonomy based on evidence that certain groups were descended from common ancestors. Various realms, kingdoms, and phyla now correspond to specific Baltimore groups. 788:, whereby a short sequence of host cell mRNA is taken and used as the 5′ cap of the viral mRNA. Genomic -ssRNA is replicated from the positive sense antigenome in a similar manner as transcription, except in reverse using the antigenome as a template for the genome. RdRp moves from the 3′-end to the 5′-end of the antigenome and ignores all transcription signals when synthesizing genomic -ssRNA. 7377: 1083:

animal and plant viruses, are RNA viruses, although eukaryotic DNA viruses are also common. By group, the vast majority of dsDNA viruses infect prokaryotes, ssDNA viruses are found in all three domains of life, dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses are primarily found in eukaryotes but also in bacteria, and -ssRNA and reverse transcribing viruses are only found in eukaryotes.

942:

genome in the cytoplasm, and the genome is replicated from these RNA strands. The dsDNA genome is produced from pregenomic RNA strands via the same general mechanism as ssRNA-RT viruses, but with replication occurring in a loop around the circular genome. After replication, the dsDNA genome may be packed or sent to the nucleus for further rounds of transcription.

807:-ssRNA viruses can be subdivided informally between those that have nonsegmented and segmented genomes. Nonsegmented -ssRNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm, and segmented -ssRNA viruses replicate in the nucleus. During transcription, the RdRp produces one monocistronic mRNA strand from each segment of the genome. All -ssRNA viruses are classified in the phylum 239:

progressing in a loop around the circular genome is also common. Some dsDNA viruses use a strand displacement method whereby one strand is synthesized from a template strand, and a complementary strand is then synthesized from the prior synthesized strand, forming a dsDNA genome. Lastly, some dsDNA viruses are replicated as part of a process called

722:+ssRNA viruses can be subdivided between those that have polycistronic mRNA, which encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved to form multiple mature proteins, and those that produce subgenomic mRNAs and therefore undergo two or more rounds of translation. +ssRNA viruses are included in three phyla in the kingdom 1118:

Alternative splicing differs from RNA editing in that alternative splicing does not change the mRNA sequence like RNA editing but instead changes the coding capacity of an mRNA sequence as a result of alternative splicing sites. The two mechanisms otherwise have the same result: multiple proteins are

1091:

Viral genomes may be either linear with ends or circular in a loop. Whether a virus has a linear or circular genome varies from group to group. A significant percentage of dsDNA viruses are both, ssDNA viruses are primarily circular, RNA viruses and ssRNA-RT viruses are typically linear, and dsDNA-RT

1017:

is a mechanism by which different proteins can be produced from a single gene by means of using alternative splicing sites to produce different mRNAs. It is found in various DNA, -ssRNA, and reverse transcribing viruses. Viruses may make use of alternative splicing solely to produce multiple proteins

803:

and then moves back in the RNA sequence with the mRNA to transcribe it again, continuing this process numerous times until hundreds of adenines have been added to the 3′-end of the mRNA. Additionally, some -ssRNA viruses are ambisense, as both the positive and negative strands separately encode viral

779:

The fifth Baltimore group contains viruses that have a negative sense, single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) genome. mRNA, which is positive sense, is transcribed directly from the negative sense genome. The first process for -ssRNA transcription involves RdRp binding to a leader sequence on the 3′ end of the

246:

dsDNA viruses can be subdivided between those that replicate in the nucleus, and as such are relatively dependent on host cell machinery for transcription and replication, and those that replicate in the cytoplasm, in which case they have evolved or acquired their own means of executing transcription

2389:

Krupovic M, Blomberg J, Coffin JM, Dasgupta I, Fan H, Geering AD, Gifford R, Harrach B, Hull R, Johnson W, Kreuze JF, Lindemann D, Llorens C, Lockhart B, Mayer J, Muller E, Olszewski NE, Pappu HR, Pooggin MM, Richert-Poggeler KR, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfacon H, Schoelz JE, Seal S, Stavolone L, Stoye JP,

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to create a complete dsDNA genome prior to transcription. dsDNA-RT viruses are transcribed in the same manner as dsDNA viruses, but make use of reverse transcription to replicate their circular genome while it is still in the capsid. The host cell's RNA polymerase II transcribes RNA strands from the

855:

Reverse transcribing (RT) viruses have genomes made of either DNA or RNA and replicate via reverse transcription. Two groups of reverse transcribing viruses exist: single-stranded RNA-RT (ssRNA-RT) viruses, and double-stranded DNA-RT (dsDNA-RT) viruses. Reverse transcribing viruses are classified in

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From the 1990s to the 2010s, virus taxonomy used a 5-rank system ranging from order to species with Baltimore classification used in conjunction. Outside of the ICTV's official framework, various supergroups of viruses joining different families and orders were created over time based on increasing

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The fourth Baltimore group contains viruses that have a positive sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genome. For +ssRNA viruses, the genome functions as mRNA, so no transcription is required for translation. +ssRNA viruses will also, however, produce positive sense copies of the genome from negative

633:

dsRNA is not a molecule made by cells, so cellular life has evolved antiviral systems to detect and inactivate viral dsRNA. To counteract this, many dsRNA genomes are constructed inside of capsids, thereby avoiding detection inside of the host cell's cytoplasm. mRNA is forced out from the capsid in

238:

dsDNA viruses make use of several mechanisms to replicate their genome. Bidirectional replication, in which two replication forks are established at a replication origin site and move in opposite directions of each other, is widely used. A rolling circle mechanism that produces linear strands while

1231:

Ribosomal skipping: also called stop-carry on, used by various dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses, a viral peptide, or amino acid sequence, may prevent a ribosome from covalently linking a new inserted amino acid, which blocks further translation. Consequently, the polyprotein is co-translationally cleaved,

710:

Many +ssRNA viruses are able to have only a portion of their genome transcribed. Typically, subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) strands are used for translation of structural and movement proteins needed during intermediate and late stages of infection. sgRNA transcription may occur by commencing RNA synthesis

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Different Baltimore groups tend to be found within different branches of cellular life. In prokaryotes, the large majority of viruses are dsDNA viruses, and a significant minority are ssDNA viruses. Prokaryotic RNA viruses, in contrast, are relatively rare. Most eukaryotic viruses, including most

478:

that bonds to and cleaves the positive strand, allowing a DNA polymerase to use the negative strand as a template for replication. Replication progresses in a loop around the genome by means of extending the 3′-end of the positive strand, displacing the prior positive strand, and the endonuclease

1110:

RNA editing is used by various ssRNA viruses to produce different proteins from a single gene. This can be done via polymerase slippage during transcription or by post-transcriptional editing. In polymerase slippage, the RNA polymerase slips one nucleotide back during transcription, inserting a

872:

The sixth Baltimore group contains viruses that have a (positive-sense) single-stranded RNA genome that has a DNA intermediate ((+)ssRNA-RT) in its replication cycle. ssRNA-RT viruses are transcribed in the same manner as DNA viruses, but their linear genomes are first converted to a dsDNA form

718:

Because the process of replicating the viral genome produces intermediate dsRNA molecules, +ssRNA viruses can be targeted by the host cell's immune system. To avoid detection, +ssRNA viruses replicate in membrane-associated vesicles that are used as replication factories. From there, only viral

1005:

A number of characteristics of viruses are not directly associated with Baltimore classification but nonetheless closely correspond to multiple, specific Baltimore groups. This includes alternative splicing during transcription, whether the viral genome is segmented, the host range of viruses,

1169:

Viral initiation of translation: used primarily by +ssRNA and ssRNA-RT viruses, various viruses have evolved mechanisms to initiate translation, such as having internal ribosomal entry sites to allow for cap-independent translation, having downstream hairpin loops that allow for cap-dependent

497:

at each end of the genome that repeatedly unfold and refold during replication to change the direction of DNA synthesis to move back and forth along the genome, producing numerous copies of the genome in a continuous process. Individual genomes are then excised from this molecule by the viral

470:

upon entering a host cell. mRNA is then synthesized from the double-stranded form. The double-stranded form of ssDNA viruses may be produced either directly after entry into a cell or as a consequence of replication of the viral genome. Eukaryotic ssDNA viruses are replicated in the nucleus.

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RNA viruses have genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and comprise three groups: double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, positive sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, and negative sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) viruses. The majority of RNA viruses are classified in the kingdom

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The third Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. After entering a host cell, the dsRNA genome is transcribed to mRNA from the negative strand by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The mRNA may be used for translation or replication.

512:

package both the positive and negative linear strands. In any case, the sense of ssDNA viruses, unlike for ssRNA viruses, is not sufficient to separate ssDNA viruses into two groups since all ssDNA viral genomes are converted to dsDNA forms prior to transcription and replication.

132:

of the viral genome, and viruses within each group typically share the manners by which the mRNA synthesis occurs. While not the direct focus of Baltimore classification, groups are organized in such a manner that viruses in each group also typically have the same mechanisms of

1259:. It initially contained the first six groups but was later expanded to include group VII. Because of the utility of Baltimore classification, it has come to be used alongside standard virus taxonomy, which is based on evolutionary relationships and governed by the 707:

sense strands of an intermediate dsRNA genome. This acts as both a transcription and a replication process since the replicated RNA is also mRNA. The 5′-end may be naked, capped, or covalently bound to a viral protein, and the 3′-end may be naked or polyadenylated.

465:

The second Baltimore group contains viruses that have a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. ssDNA viruses have the same manner of transcription as dsDNA viruses. Because the genome is single-stranded, however, it is first made into a double-stranded form by a

44:(mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a distinct group. Seven Baltimore groups are described that take into consideration whether the viral genome is made of 1215:

Suppression of termination: also called stop-codon readthrough, used by various dsRNA, +ssRNA, and ssRNA-RT viruses, certain viruses contain codons in their mRNA that would normally signal for termination of translation upon being recognized by a

1190:: used by various dsDNA, +ssRNA, -ssRNA, ssRNA-RT, a dsDNA-RT viruses, ribosomes will start scanning from a 5′-cap structure then bypass a leader structure in the mRNA, initiation translation downstream from the leader sequence. 176:

DNA viruses have genomes made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and are organized into two groups: double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. They are assigned to four separate realms:

231:. Second, once the RNA polymerase is recruited, it uses the negative strand as a template for synthesizing mRNA strands. Third, the RNA polymerase terminates transcription upon reaching a specific signal, such as a 1184:: used by various viruses in all Baltimore groups, the 40S ribosomal subunit may scan through a start codon, thereby skipping an ORF, only initiating translation with the 60S subunit at a subsequent start codon. 507:

is the only ssDNA family whose members have negative sense genomes, which are circular. Parvoviruses, as previously mentioned, may package either the positive or negative sense strand into virions. Lastly,

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evidence of deeper evolutionary relations. Consequently, in 2016, the ICTV began to consider establishing ranks higher than order as well as how the Baltimore groups would be treated among higher taxa.

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The seventh Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded DNA genome that has an RNA intermediate (dsDNA-RT) in its replication cycle. dsDNA-RT viruses have a gap in one strand, which is

1297:

Unlike RNA viruses and RT viruses, DNA viruses have not been united under a single realm but are instead dispersed across four realms and various taxa that are not assigned to a realm. The realms

1162:. Baltimore groups do not directly pertain to the translation of viral proteins, but various atypical types of translation used by viruses are usually found within specific Baltimore groups: 483:

into a circular loop. The new ssDNA may be packaged into virions or replicated by a DNA polymerase to form a double-stranded form for transcription or continuation of the replication cycle.

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during translation, which allows for continued translation up to the next stop codon in order to produce an extended end of the viral protein. In viruses, this is often used to express

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ssRNA-RT viruses are often called retroviruses, although this term is also used to refer to any reverse transcribing virus as well as specifically to viruses in the ssRNA-RT family

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nucleotide not included in the template strand. Editing of a genomic template would impair gene expression, so RNA editing is only done during and after transcription. For

223:

The first Baltimore group contains viruses that have a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome. All dsDNA viruses have their mRNA synthesized in a three-step process. First, a

1038:

use it as a potential anti-host defense mechanism to prevent synthesis of specific antiviral proteins. Furthermore, in addition to alternative splicing, because cellular

893:

then transcribes RNA in the nucleus from the proviral DNA. Some of this RNA may become mRNA whereas other strands will become copies of the viral genome for replication.

646:

have not been observed to form virions and as such apparently lack capsids. Endornaviruses are also unusual in that unlike other RNA viruses, they possess a single, long

94:

Baltimore classification groups viruses together based on their manner of mRNA synthesis. Characteristics directly related to this include whether the genome is made of

3562: 1193:

Termination-reinitiation: used by some dsRNA and +ssRNA viruses, ribosomes may translate an ORF, but following termination of translation of that ORF, a proportion of

1274:

to species was established by the ICTV. As part of this, the Baltimore groups for RNA viruses and RT viruses were incorporated into formal taxa. In 2018, the realm

149:

membrane that surrounds the capsid, have no direct relation to Baltimore groups, nor do the groups necessarily show genetic relation based on evolutionary history.

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within the genome rather than from the 5′-end, by stopping RNA synthesis at specific sequences in the genome, or by, as a part of both prior methods, synthesizing

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enzyme synthesizes a DNA strand from the ssRNA strand, and the RNA strand is degraded and replaced with a DNA strand to create a dsDNA genome. The genome is then

1208:: used by various dsDNA, dsRNA, +ssRNA, and ssRNA-RT viruses, produces merged proteins from overlapping ORFs. This is executed simply by ribosomes slipping one 634:

order to be translated or to be translocated from a mature capsid to a progeny capsid. While dsRNA viruses typically have capsids, viruses in the families

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Single-stranded mRNA is replicated to form the dsRNA genome. The 5′-end of the genome may be naked, capped, or covalently bound to a viral protein.

6729: 6397: 6340: 6312: 6284: 5954: 5638: 5569: 4829: 4822: 3913: 3871: 3864: 1643:"Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for DNA viruses encoding vertical jelly roll-type major capsid proteins" 715:

from the viral RNA that are then attached to sgRNA strands. Because replication is required for sgRNA synthesis, RdRp is always translated first.

6924: 6778: 6305: 6298: 5118: 3934: 3920: 3878: 7016: 6967: 6917: 6896: 6347: 3857: 3555: 1260: 1064:

varies as some viruses are monopartite ssDNA while others are bipartite with one segment being ssDNA and the other dsDNA. Viruses in the ssDNA

6736: 5809: 5802: 1608:"Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal/primary taxonomic ranks, for dsDNA viruses encoding HK97-type major capsid proteins" 7397: 71:

and replication. Certain subjects pertaining to viruses are associated with multiple, specific Baltimore groups, such as specific forms of

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endonuclease. For parvoviruses, either the positive or negative sense strand may be packaged into capsids, varying from virus to virus.

137:

the viral genome. Because of this, Baltimore classification provides insights into both the transcription and replication parts of the

3548: 3534: 1194: 474:

Most ssDNA viruses contain circular genomes that are replicated via rolling circle replication (RCR). ssDNA RCR is initiated by an

784:, continuing until a stop signal is reached. The second manner is similar but instead of synthesizing a cap, RdRp may make use of 780:

genome, transcribing a 5′ triphosphate-leader RNA that is capped, then stopping and restarting on a transcription signal which is

804:

proteins, and these viruses produce two separate mRNA strands: one directly from the genome and one from a complementary strand.

141:. Structural characteristics of a virus particle, called a virion, such as the shape of the viral capsid and the presence of a 2269: 79:, which stores the viral genome, and the evolutionary history of viruses are not necessarily related to Baltimore groups. 57: 247:

and replication. dsDNA viruses are also commonly divided between tailed dsDNA viruses, referring to members of the realm

224: 7402: 3504: 3477: 3450: 3423: 1054:

Viral genomes can exist in a single, or monopartite, segment, or they may be split into more than one molecule, called

516:

ssDNA viruses are classified into one of the four realms and include several families that are unassigned to a realm:

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of mRNA and the host range of different types of viruses. Structural characteristics such as the shape of the viral

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Various -ssRNA viruses use special mechanisms for transcription. The manner of producing the polyA tail may be via

262:

dsDNA viruses are classified into three of the four realms and include many taxa that are unassigned to a realm:

1290:. Furthermore, the three Baltimore groups for RNA viruses are used as defining characteristics of the phyla in 712: 501:

Nearly all ssDNA viruses have positive sense genomes, but a few exceptions and peculiarities exist. The family

17: 3384:

Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Krupovic, Mart; Siddell, Stuart; Varsani, Arvind; Kuhn, Jens H. (15 October 2018).

2713:

Wolf YI, Kazlauskas D, Iranzo J, Lucia-Sanz A, Kuhn JH, Krupovic M, Dolja VV, Kooning EV (27 November 2018).

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and a new amino acid sequence is started, leading to the production of two individual proteins from one ORF.

480: 1018:

from a single pre-mRNA strand or for other specific purposes. For certain viruses, including the families

5348: 490: 227:

binds to the DNA upstream of the site where transcription begins, allowing for the recruitment of a host

7367: 7092: 6597: 5671: 3386:"Riboviria: establishing a single taxon that comprises RNA viruses at the basal rank of virus taxonomy" 1282:

was expanded to also include both RT groups. Within the realm, RT viruses are included in the kingdom

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Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH (18 October 2019).

1734: 1733:

Harrison RL, Herniou EA, Jehle JA, Theilmann DA, Burand JP, Krell PJ, van Oers MM (28 August 2020).

1707:

Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH (18 October 2019).

1641:

Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH (18 October 2019).

1606:

Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M, Varsani A, Wolf YI, Yutin N, Zerbini M, Kuhn JH (18 October 2019).

3385: 3334: 650:(ORF), or translatable portion, and a site-specific nick in the 5′ region of the positive strand. 1205: 129: 68: 1671: 1670:

Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Wang F, Baquero DP, Egelman EH, Koonin EV, Prangishvili D (31 July 2020).

1984:"Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for realm Riboviria" 1151: 878: 874: 837:, whose members synthesize a cap structure on viral mRNA required for protein synthesis, and 792: 95: 72: 45: 1709:"Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for ssDNA viruses" 243:

whereby a viral genome in a host cell's DNA is replicated to another part of a host genome.

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whether the genome is linear or circular, and different methods of translating viral mRNA.

982: 34: 3253: 3215: 3189: 3163: 3043: 2968: 2133: 8: 6557: 4316: 3791: 3337:"The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks" 2631:

Bamford DH, Pietilä MK, Roine E, Atanasova NS, Dienstbier A, Oksanen HM (December 2017).

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contain their own proteins for exporting their unspliced genomic RNA out of the nucleus.

67:

the genome, so Baltimore classification is useful for grouping viruses together for both

53: 2779: 2288: 281:

are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm belong to two groups: tailed bacteriophages in

4875: 4510: 4496: 4088: 3510: 3496: 3456: 3442: 3361: 3336: 3020: 2995: 2798: 2763: 2739: 2714: 2657: 2605: 2578: 2537: 2512: 2416: 2391: 2308: 1187: 1094: 647: 3305: 3280: 2392:"Ortervirales: New Virus Order Unifying Five Families of Reverse-Transcribing Viruses" 7032: 5991: 5866: 5845: 5738: 5394: 5052: 4694: 4257: 3850: 3777: 3500: 3473: 3446: 3419: 3366: 3310: 3025: 2803: 2744: 2662: 2610: 2542: 2421: 2300: 2268:

Kuhn JH, Wolf YI, Krupovic M, Zhang YZ, Maes P, Dolja VV, Koonin EV (February 2019).

1862: 1140: 1136: 994: 986: 890: 601: 452: 413: 340:

The following taxa that are unassigned to a realm exclusively contain dsDNA viruses:

134: 64: 3514: 3460: 2312: 156:

Visualization of the seven groups of virus according to the Baltimore Classification

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Yu C, Hernandez T, Zheng H, Yau SC, Huang HH, He RL, Yang J, Yau SS (22 May 2013).

2734: 2726: 2652: 2644: 2600: 2590: 2532: 2524: 2411: 2403: 2292: 1983: 1708: 1642: 1607: 1271: 1197:

remain attached to the mRNA as a way to reinitiate translation of a subsequent ORF.

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Group VII: double-stranded DNA viruses with an RNA intermediate in their life cycle

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was established and initially included the three RNA virus groups. A year later,

1252: 1102:, viruses contain both linear and circular genomes, varying from genus to genus. 1060: 1031: 898: 850: 809: 774: 760: 548: 302: 232: 121:

Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate in their life cycle

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Viruses: Molecular Biology, Host Interactions and Applications to Biotechnology

3435:

Viruses: Molecular Biology, Host Interactions and Applications to Biotechnology

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International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Executive Committee (May 2020).

2296: 1676:) for classification of filamentous archaeal viruses with linear dsDNA genomes" 1217: 1181: 961: 951: 781: 642: 618: 597: 467: 407: 377: 371: 359: 353: 345: 311: 228: 152: 142: 3352: 7391: 7293: 7188: 7174: 7002: 6995: 6974: 6815: 6764: 6757: 6621: 6517: 6495: 6468: 6444: 6404: 6361: 6326: 6319: 6291: 6277: 6270: 6171: 6107: 6078: 6057: 6036: 6025: 6005: 5937: 5759: 5728: 5717: 5695: 5562: 5429: 5415: 5405: 5372: 5296: 5248: 5191: 5184: 5031: 4931: 4805: 4719: 4701: 4680: 4666: 4566: 4503: 4453: 4375: 4353: 4326: 4289: 4191: 4158: 4006: 3984: 3784: 3767: 3745: 3723: 3645: 3634: 1070: 785: 736: 636: 582: 570: 533: 503: 433: 419: 401: 389: 289: 214: 185: 41: 7315: 7260: 7195: 7164: 7131: 6981: 6953: 6771: 6743: 6722: 6708: 6701: 6691: 6527: 6461: 6390: 6238: 6208: 6197: 6144: 6100: 6090: 6071: 6047: 5998: 5910: 5823: 5781: 5620: 5552: 5530: 5510: 5500: 5310: 5226: 5137: 5108: 5096: 5086: 5074: 5064: 5042: 5000: 4990: 4963: 4942: 4920: 4896: 4886: 4864: 4761: 4712: 4673: 4659: 4638: 4407: 4385: 4363: 4230: 4132: 4120: 4077: 4066: 3973: 3962: 3927: 3833: 3685: 3370: 3029: 3011: 2807: 2748: 2666: 2614: 2546: 2425: 2304: 1341: 1127: 1055: 1039: 990: 977: 924: 745: 676: 539: 509: 475: 460: 427: 395: 383: 365: 315: 283: 218: 197: 191: 3314: 2730: 695: 7181: 6960: 6946: 6859: 6715: 6505: 6418: 6411: 6354: 6260: 6181: 6064: 5981: 5947: 5873: 5835: 5816: 5752: 5745: 5576: 5436: 5125: 4953: 4853: 4748: 4598: 4580: 4556: 4419: 4397: 4223: 4201: 4169: 4110: 3899: 3811: 3673: 3623: 3599: 2648: 2513:"Origins and Evolution of Viruses of Eukaryotes: The Ultimate Modularity" 2407: 1065: 1035: 719:+ssRNA, which may be mRNA, enters the main cytoplasmic area of the cell. 699: 606: 330: 479:

cleaves the positive strand again to create a standalone genome that is

7053: 7009: 6903: 6664: 5473: 5463: 5215: 4815: 4142: 3892: 1243: 1209: 1174:

initiation factor, and initiation at a CUG or other start codon with a

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exclusively contains dsDNA viruses, although some proposed members of

1309:

primarily contains ssDNA viruses but also contains dsDNA viruses, and

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only contains -ssRNA viruses, so "-ssRNA virus" is synonymous with

334: 63:

Baltimore classification also closely corresponds to the manner of

3234: 3141: 3100: 3062: 2484: 2326: 2030: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1835: 1175: 1155: 796: 271: 3383: 2577:

Sicard A, Michalakis Y, Gutierrez S, Blanc S (3 November 2016).

1030:, alternative splicing acts as a way to regulate early and late 3529: 945:

dsDNA-RT viruses are, like ssRNA-RT, all included in the class

932:

Group VII: double-stranded DNA viruses with an RNA intermediate

841:, whose members instead obtain caps on mRNA via cap snatching. 800: 653:

dsRNA viruses are classified into two phyla within the kingdom

593: 76: 2712: 2576: 2388: 1930: 1732: 1461: 1270:

In two votes in 2018 and 2019, a 15-rank system ranging from

1042:

cannot be transported out of the nucleus, hepadnaviruses and

868:

Group VI: single-stranded RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate

146: 37: 7376: 2630: 2390:

Teycheney PY, Tristem M, Koonin EV, Kuhn JH (15 June 2018).

1743:) for four families of arthropod-specific large DNA viruses" 1251:

Baltimore classification was proposed in 1971 by virologist

1115:, RNA editing improves the ability to adapt to their hosts. 1221: 1171: 82:

Baltimore classification was created in 1971 by virologist

2560: 2558: 2556: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2212:"Ambisense transcription in negative stranded RNA viruses" 2052: 2050: 1981: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1706: 1640: 1605: 1369: 1367: 1131:

Life cycle of some viruses classified by Baltimore group:

1480: 1478: 1476: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1202:

Non-canonical elongation and termination of translation:

1144: 998: 981:

Structure of some viruses classified by Baltimore group:

613: 60:

of a single-stranded RNA genome is positive or negative.

885:

into the DNA of the host cell, where it is now called a

493:(RHR), which is similar to RCR. Parvovirus genomes have 442: 255:, and tailless or non-tailed dsDNA viruses of the realm 3391:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 2553: 2242: 2230: 2088: 2047: 1989:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 1954: 1952: 1818: 1748:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 1681:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 1669: 1364: 1074:

likewise vary between being monopartite and bipartite.

204: 2764:"Real Time Classification of Viruses in 12 Dimensions" 1473: 1412: 7365: 2267: 556:

is unassigned to a realm but is a proposed member of

489:

contain linear ssDNA genomes that are replicated via

3570: 1949: 1092:

viruses are typically circular. In the dsDNA family

691:

Group IV: positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses

115:

Group IV: positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses

2761: 2510: 2367: 2186:"Negative-stranded RNA virus polymerase stuttering" 949:. Two families of dsDNA-RT viruses are recognized: 769:

Group V: negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses

118:

Group V: negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses

27:

Virus classification system made by David Baltimore

4873: 918:, which belongs to Group VII, all members of the 325:are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm include 251:, usually the tailed bacteriophages of the order 128:Baltimore classification is chiefly based on the 7389: 3486: 3240: 3150: 3109: 3068: 2715:"Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome" 2495: 2335: 2041: 1943: 1857:Kerr J, Cotmore S, Bloom ME (25 November 2005). 1856: 1844: 1714:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 1648:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 1613:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 1467: 270:are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm infect 5539: 5235: 4277: 2579:"The Strange Lifestyle of Multipartite Viruses" 2270:"Classify viruses - the gain is worth the pain" 896:ssRNA-RT viruses are all included in the class 844: 7280: 7151: 6847: 6803: 6630: 5898: 4484: 3993: 2633:"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Pleolipoviridae" 1261:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 972: 7269: 7140: 7041: 6132: 5172: 4792: 4781: 4473: 4462: 3820: 3754: 3732: 3556: 2993: 1394:"Viral replication/transcription/translation" 1086: 6619: 6169: 5935: 5693: 5403: 5370: 5246: 4803: 3982: 3765: 3643: 3632: 2511:Koonin EV, Dolja VV, Krupovic M (May 2015). 600:. Some of the latter category, such as the 7258: 7162: 7129: 6689: 6206: 5550: 5498: 5224: 4988: 4884: 4862: 3971: 3831: 3278: 2626: 2624: 2384: 2382: 2108:"Negative-stranded RNA virus transcription" 201:. Many have yet to be assigned to a realm. 5979: 4951: 3621: 3563: 3549: 3036: 2996:"Non-canonical translation in RNA viruses" 1794: 1792: 7234: 5461: 3470:Molecular and Cellular Biology of Viruses 3360: 3304: 3019: 2797: 2787: 2738: 2656: 2604: 2594: 2536: 2506: 2504: 2458: 2415: 2160:"Negative stranded RNA virus replication" 2012:"Positive stranded RNA virus replication" 2006: 2004: 7247: 7118: 7105: 6652: 6608: 5682: 5669: 5359: 2814: 2621: 2379: 2152: 1906: 1904: 1765: 1763: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1568: 1242: 1220:but are instead partially recognized by 1126: 976: 965:, which is the sole family in the order 749:are +ssRNA viruses, excluding the class 694: 617: 446: 151: 52:(RNA), whether the genome is single- or 6595: 3467: 3407: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 2961: 2935: 2432: 2341: 2178: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1912:"Double-stranded RNA virus replication" 1789: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1665: 1663: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1542: 1516: 1373: 1212:forward or backward during translation. 1009: 14: 7390: 5346: 3432: 2680: 2570: 2564: 2501: 2255: 2100: 2056: 2001: 1958: 1829: 1484: 1166:Non-canonical translation initiation: 1049: 1034:during different stages of infection. 614:Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses 112:Group III: double-stranded RNA viruses 7233: 7104: 6594: 5668: 5345: 4746: 4745: 3596: 3544: 3182: 3115: 3074: 2987: 2440:"dsDNA(RT) replication/transcription" 2349:"ssRNA(RT) replication/transcription" 2062: 1901: 1875: 1760: 1594: 1550:"DNA strand displacement replication" 443:Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses 109:Group II: single-stranded DNA viruses 3597: 3413: 3321: 3281:"Expression of animal virus genomes" 3246: 3208: 3156: 2706: 2373: 2261: 2236: 2204: 2094: 1964: 1693: 1660: 1625: 1435: 1429: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1326: 1305:exclusively contains dsDNA viruses, 205:Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses 106:Group I: double-stranded DNA viruses 7398:Viruses by Baltimore classification 3487:Rampersad, S.; Tennant, P. (2018). 3260:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 3222:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 3196:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 3170:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 3129:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 3088:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 3050:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2975:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2949:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2923:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2904:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2885:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2866:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2847:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2828:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2694:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2472:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2446:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2355:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2218:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2192:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2166:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2140:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2126: 2114:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2076:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 2018:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1918:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1889:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1806:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1777:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1582:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1556:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1530:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1504:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1490: 1449:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 1400:. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics 795:, during which RdRp transcribes an 755:, whose members have dsRNA genomes. 225:transcription preinitiation complex 24: 3497:10.1016/B978-0-12-811257-1.00003-6 3443:10.1016/B978-0-12-811257-1.00002-4 2994:Firth AE, Brierley I (July 2012). 2755: 1524:"dsDNA rolling circle replication" 1257:Expression of Animal Virus Genomes 25: 7419: 3522: 3044:"Viral initiation of translation" 1498:"dsDNA bidirectional replication" 1379: 1170:translation in the absence of an 160: 7375: 3528: 3416:Principles of Molecular Virology 3216:"RNA suppression of termination" 524:, all members except viruses in 3377: 3272: 1861:. CRC Press. pp. 171–185. 1850: 1726: 1443:"dsDNA templated transcription" 1333: 1286:and RNA viruses in the kingdom 592:. The exceptions are generally 3418:. Elsevier. pp. 122–127. 3297:10.1128/MMBR.35.3.235-241.1971 3164:"RNA termination-reinitiation" 2917:"Reverse-transcribing viruses" 2070:"Subgenomic RNA transcription" 1122: 1119:expressed from a single gene. 1105: 833:is divided into two subphyla: 604:, are classified in the realm 564: 306:are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in 165: 13: 1: 2898:"Negative strand RNA viruses" 2879:"Positive strand RNA viruses" 1800:"Rolling hairpin replication" 1352: 1158:are synthesized from mRNA by 1077: 955:, which belongs to the order 3491:. Elsevier. pp. 55–82. 3437:. Elsevier. pp. 35–46. 3241:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 3151:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 3110:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 3069:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 2789:10.1371/journal.pone.0064328 2596:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005819 2496:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 2336:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 2042:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 1944:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 1845:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 1468:Rampersad & Tennant 2018 1357: 1195:40S subunits of the ribosome 845:Reverse transcribing viruses 7: 2860:"Double strand RNA viruses" 2841:"Single strand DNA viruses" 2822:"Double strand DNA viruses" 2529:10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.039 1576:"Replicative transposition" 973:Multi-group characteristics 680:, all members of the class 491:rolling hairpin replication 89: 10: 7424: 2297:10.1038/d41586-019-00599-8 1739:)including one new order ( 1238: 1087:Linear vs circular genomes 848: 772: 568: 458: 208: 169: 7403:Systems of virus taxonomy 7313: 7291: 7243: 7229: 7114: 7100: 7091: 7030: 6934: 6884: 6873: 6836: 6792: 6678: 6641: 6604: 6590: 6545: 6515: 6493: 6482: 6442: 6371: 6258: 6247: 6236: 6195: 6158: 6121: 6088: 6045: 6034: 6023: 5968: 5924: 5887: 5833: 5769: 5726: 5715: 5704: 5678: 5664: 5608: 5528: 5487: 5450: 5392: 5381: 5355: 5341: 5332: 5284: 5213: 5161: 5135: 5106: 5084: 5062: 5040: 5029: 5018: 4977: 4940: 4929: 4918: 4851: 4770: 4759: 4755: 4741: 4612: 4590: 4554: 4543: 4536: 4451: 4417: 4395: 4373: 4351: 4340: 4314: 4303: 4266: 4255: 4211: 4189: 4167: 4156: 4130: 4108: 4097: 4086: 4075: 4064: 4026: 4004: 3960: 3809: 3743: 3721: 3683: 3654: 3610: 3606: 3592: 3583: 3353:10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x 3190:"Ribosomal frameshifting" 873:through a process called 543:are ssDNA virus families. 241:replicative transposition 40:based on their manner of 3535:Baltimore classification 1154:is the process by which 531:The unassigned families 31:Baltimore classification 1735:"Create one new class ( 1672:"Create one new realm ( 1206:Ribosomal frameshifting 552:contain ssDNA genomes. 310:constitute two groups: 300:, members of the class 3012:10.1099/vir.0.042499-0 2466:"Alternative splicing" 1771:"ssDNA Rolling circle" 1248: 1148: 1002: 928:are ssRNA-RT viruses. 703: 626: 546:Viruses in the family 456: 157: 2731:10.1128/mBio.02329-18 2402:(12): e00515–e00518. 1323:, are ssDNA viruses. 1246: 1130: 980: 879:reverse transcriptase 875:reverse transcription 793:polymerase stuttering 698: 621: 450: 287:and herpesviruses in 155: 96:deoxyribonucleic acid 46:deoxyribonucleic acid 3576:virus classification 3537:at Wikimedia Commons 3468:Lostroh, P. (2019). 3408:General bibliography 3279:Baltimore D (1971). 3254:"Ribosomal skipping" 2943:"Sphaerolipoviridae" 2649:10.1099/jgv.0.000972 2408:10.1128/JVI.00515-18 1317:, namely the family 1098:, and in the family 1015:Alternative splicing 1010:Alternative splicing 33:is a system used to 6558:Permutotetraviridae 4317:Orthopolintovirales 3792:Malacoherpesviridae 3472:. Garland Science. 3433:Fermin, G. (2018). 3006:(Pt 7): 1385–1409. 2780:2013PLoSO...864328Y 2289:2019Natur.566..318K 2239:, pp. 154–156. 2097:, pp. 151–154. 1432:, pp. 122–127. 1050:Genome segmentation 764:are +ssRNA viruses. 740:are +ssRNA viruses. 702:are +ssRNA viruses. 4876:Malgrandaviricetes 4511:Sphaerolipoviridae 4497:Matshushitaviridae 4089:Nucleocytoviricota 1255:in a paper titled 1249: 1188:Ribosomal shunting 1149: 1095:Sphaerolipoviridae 1003: 889:. The host cell's 704: 686:are dsRNA viruses. 671:are dsRNA viruses. 648:open reading frame 627: 625:are dsRNA viruses. 528:are ssDNA viruses. 457: 455:is an ssDNA virus. 158: 56:, and whether the 7363: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7355: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7225: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7209: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7071: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7033:Yunchangviricetes 7026: 7025: 6869: 6868: 6832: 6831: 6788: 6787: 6674: 6673: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6541: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6478: 6477: 6232: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6191: 6190: 6154: 6153: 6117: 6116: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6014: 5992:Carmotetraviridae 5964: 5963: 5920: 5919: 5883: 5882: 5867:Gammaflexiviridae 5860:Deltaflexiviridae 5846:Alphaflexiviridae 5739:Alphatetraviridae 5660: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5604: 5603: 5600: 5599: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5483: 5482: 5446: 5445: 5395:Chrymotiviricetes 5328: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5157: 5156: 5053:Bacilladnaviridae 5014: 5013: 5010: 5009: 4973: 4972: 4914: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4847: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4695:Portogloboviridae 4608: 4607: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4447: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4336: 4335: 4299: 4298: 4258:Preplasmiviricota 4251: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4152: 4151: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4048: 4047: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3851:Autographiviridae 3805: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3778:Alloherpesviridae 3717: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3533:Media related to 3414:Cann, A. (2015). 3243:, pp. 72–73. 3153:, pp. 74–75. 3123:"Ribosomal shunt" 3112:, pp. 73–74. 3071:, pp. 69–70. 2643:(12): 2916–2917. 2567:, pp. 35–46. 2498:, pp. 71–72. 2338:, pp. 63–64. 2283:(7744): 318–320. 2258:, pp. 45–46. 2059:, pp. 43–44. 2044:, pp. 64–65. 1847:, pp. 61–62. 1832:, pp. 40–41. 1487:, pp. 36–40. 1376:, pp. 11–13. 1327:Explanatory notes 891:RNA polymerase II 839:Polyploviricotina 602:hepatitis D virus 453:canine parvovirus 414:Portogloboviridae 16:(Redirected from 7415: 7380: 7379: 7371: 7289: 7288: 7278: 7277: 7267: 7266: 7256: 7255: 7245: 7244: 7237:dsDNA-RT viruses 7231: 7230: 7160: 7159: 7149: 7148: 7138: 7137: 7127: 7126: 7116: 7115: 7108:ssRNA-RT viruses 7102: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7039: 7038: 6882: 6881: 6850:Serpentovirales 6845: 6844: 6823:Orthomyxoviridae 6801: 6800: 6751:Peribunyaviridae 6687: 6686: 6650: 6649: 6644:Chunqiuviricetes 6639: 6638: 6628: 6627: 6617: 6616: 6606: 6605: 6598:(–)ssRNA viruses 6592: 6591: 6491: 6490: 6334:Nanghoshaviridae 6256: 6255: 6245: 6244: 6219:Botourmiaviridae 6204: 6203: 6167: 6166: 6161:Howeltoviricetes 6130: 6129: 6124:Amabiliviricetes 6043: 6042: 6032: 6031: 5977: 5976: 5933: 5932: 5896: 5895: 5853:Betaflexiviridae 5724: 5723: 5713: 5712: 5702: 5701: 5691: 5690: 5680: 5679: 5672:(+)ssRNA viruses 5666: 5665: 5584:Picobirnaviridae 5548: 5547: 5542:Duplopiviricetes 5537: 5536: 5496: 5495: 5490:Vidaverviricetes 5459: 5458: 5453:Resentoviricetes 5423:Megabirnaviridae 5401: 5400: 5390: 5389: 5384:Duplornaviricota 5379: 5378: 5368: 5367: 5357: 5356: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5244: 5243: 5238:Huolimaviricetes 5233: 5232: 5222: 5221: 5170: 5169: 5164:Repensiviricetes 5038: 5037: 5027: 5026: 5021:Cressdnaviricota 4986: 4985: 4949: 4948: 4938: 4937: 4927: 4926: 4882: 4881: 4871: 4870: 4860: 4859: 4801: 4800: 4790: 4789: 4779: 4778: 4768: 4767: 4757: 4756: 4743: 4742: 4552: 4551: 4541: 4540: 4482: 4481: 4471: 4470: 4460: 4459: 4349: 4348: 4343:Tectiliviricetes 4312: 4311: 4306:Polintoviricetes 4280:Priklausovirales 4275: 4274: 4264: 4263: 4238:Marseilleviridae 4165: 4164: 4106: 4105: 4095: 4094: 4084: 4083: 4073: 4072: 4039:Papillomaviridae 4029:Zurhausenvirales 4002: 4001: 3991: 3990: 3980: 3979: 3969: 3968: 3844:Ackermannviridae 3829: 3828: 3818: 3817: 3763: 3762: 3752: 3751: 3741: 3740: 3730: 3729: 3696:Tristromaviridae 3667:Lipothrixviridae 3652: 3651: 3641: 3640: 3630: 3629: 3619: 3618: 3608: 3607: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3565: 3558: 3551: 3542: 3541: 3532: 3518: 3483: 3464: 3429: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3390: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3364: 3332: 3319: 3318: 3308: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3082:"Leaky scanning" 3078: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3023: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2801: 2791: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2742: 2725:(6): e02329-18. 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2660: 2628: 2619: 2618: 2608: 2598: 2589:(11): e1005819. 2574: 2568: 2562: 2551: 2550: 2540: 2508: 2499: 2493: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2419: 2386: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2274: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2045: 2039: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2008: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1988: 1979: 1962: 1956: 1947: 1941: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1908: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1833: 1827: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1796: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1767: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1747: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1713: 1704: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1680: 1667: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1647: 1638: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1612: 1603: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1494: 1488: 1482: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1439: 1433: 1427: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1390: 1377: 1371: 1346: 1337: 1027:Papillomaviridae 1021:Orthomyxoviridae 752:Duplopiviricetes 713:leader sequences 683:Duplopiviricetes 668:Duplornaviricota 312:papillomaviruses 139:viral life cycle 100:ribonucleic acid 50:ribonucleic acid 21: 7423: 7422: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7412: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7374: 7366: 7364: 7331: 7309: 7283:Revtraviricetes 7239: 7201: 7154:Revtraviricetes 7110: 7059: 7022: 6989:Paramyxoviridae 6937:Mononegavirales 6930: 6911:Crepuscuviridae 6865: 6828: 6806:Articulavirales 6795:Insthoviricetes 6784: 6670: 6633:Negarnaviricota 6600: 6570: 6533: 6511: 6485:Stelpaviricetes 6474: 6438: 6433:Polycipiviridae 6426:Dicistroviridae 6367: 6250:Pisoniviricetes 6224: 6187: 6150: 6113: 6084: 6011: 5971:Tolucaviricetes 5960: 5916: 5901:Amarillovirales 5879: 5829: 5789:Closteroviridae 5772:Martellivirales 5765: 5707:Kitrinoviricota 5674: 5644: 5628:Polymycoviridae 5596: 5516: 5479: 5442: 5351: 5316: 5304:Finnlakeviridae 5264: 5259:Pleolipoviridae 5197: 5153: 5131: 5102: 5080: 5058: 5006: 4980:Quintoviricetes 4969: 4902: 4835: 4751: 4725: 4604: 4586: 4516: 4487:Halopanivirales 4435: 4413: 4391: 4369: 4332: 4295: 4269:Maveriviricetes 4243: 4207: 4185: 4180:Phycodnaviridae 4148: 4126: 4100:Pokkesviricetes 4044: 4022: 3996:Papovaviricetes 3940: 3907:Rountreeviridae 3797: 3701: 3679: 3602: 3579: 3569: 3525: 3507: 3480: 3453: 3426: 3410: 3405: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3378: 3333: 3322: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3173: 3171: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3149: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3042: 3041: 3037: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2915: 2914: 2907: 2905: 2896: 2895: 2888: 2886: 2877: 2876: 2869: 2867: 2858: 2857: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2838: 2831: 2829: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2760: 2756: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2688:"Geminiviridae" 2686: 2685: 2681: 2671: 2669: 2629: 2622: 2575: 2571: 2563: 2554: 2509: 2502: 2494: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2387: 2380: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2334: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2272: 2266: 2262: 2254: 2243: 2235: 2231: 2221: 2219: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2195: 2193: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2143: 2141: 2134:"Cap snatching" 2132: 2131: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2093: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2048: 2040: 2031: 2021: 2019: 2010: 2009: 2002: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1965: 1957: 1950: 1942: 1931: 1921: 1919: 1910: 1909: 1902: 1892: 1890: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1836: 1828: 1819: 1809: 1807: 1798: 1797: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1769: 1768: 1761: 1751: 1749: 1745: 1731: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1705: 1694: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1661: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1626: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1595: 1585: 1583: 1574: 1573: 1569: 1559: 1557: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1533: 1531: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1507: 1505: 1496: 1495: 1491: 1483: 1474: 1466: 1462: 1452: 1450: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1428: 1413: 1403: 1401: 1392: 1391: 1380: 1372: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1320:Finnlakeviridae 1253:David Baltimore 1247:David Baltimore 1241: 1143:(group V), and 1125: 1108: 1100:Pleolipoviridae 1089: 1080: 1061:Pleolipoviridae 1052: 1032:gene expression 1012: 997:(group V), and 975: 947:Revtraviricetes 934: 920:Revtraviricetes 899:Revtraviricetes 870: 853: 851:Revtraviricetes 847: 835:Haploviricotina 831:Negarnaviricota 827:Negarnaviricota 823:Negarnaviricota 813:in the kingdom 810:Negarnaviricota 777: 775:Negarnaviricota 771: 761:Kitrinoviricota 758:All viruses in 743:All viruses in 734:All viruses in 693: 665:All viruses in 616: 598:subviral agents 577: 569:Main articles: 567: 554:Finnlakeviridae 549:Finnlakeviridae 526:Papovaviricetes 463: 445: 321:All viruses in 308:Papovaviricetes 303:Papovaviricetes 277:All viruses in 266:All viruses in 233:polyadenylation 221: 207: 174: 168: 163: 92: 84:David Baltimore 54:double-stranded 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7421: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7385: 7384: 7361: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7326:Caulimoviridae 7321: 7319: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7304:Hepadnaviridae 7299: 7297: 7286: 7275: 7272:Artverviricota 7264: 7253: 7241: 7240: 7227: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7199: 7192: 7185: 7178: 7170: 7168: 7157: 7146: 7143:Artverviricota 7135: 7124: 7112: 7111: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7081: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7049: 7047: 7044:Goujianvirales 7036: 7028: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6942: 6940: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6907: 6900: 6892: 6890: 6887:Jingchuvirales 6879: 6876:Monjiviricetes 6871: 6870: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6855: 6853: 6842: 6839:Milneviricetes 6834: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6819: 6811: 6809: 6798: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6775: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6730:Leishbuviridae 6726: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6697: 6695: 6684: 6681:Ellioviricetes 6676: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6668: 6660: 6658: 6647: 6636: 6625: 6614: 6602: 6601: 6588: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6565:Sarthroviridae 6561: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6523: 6521: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6501: 6499: 6488: 6480: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6455:Alvernaviridae 6450: 6448: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6429: 6422: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6398:Solinviviridae 6394: 6387: 6384:Picornaviridae 6379: 6377: 6374:Picornavirales 6369: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6341:Nanhypoviridae 6337: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6313:Medioniviridae 6309: 6302: 6295: 6288: 6285:Cremegaviridae 6281: 6274: 6266: 6264: 6253: 6242: 6234: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6214: 6212: 6201: 6193: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6185: 6177: 6175: 6164: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6140: 6138: 6135:Wolframvirales 6127: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6104: 6096: 6094: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6053: 6051: 6040: 6029: 6021: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5987: 5985: 5974: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5955:Sinhaliviridae 5951: 5943: 5941: 5930: 5927:Magsaviricetes 5922: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5906: 5904: 5893: 5890:Flasuviricetes 5885: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5806: 5799: 5796:Endornaviridae 5792: 5785: 5777: 5775: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5734: 5732: 5721: 5710: 5699: 5688: 5676: 5675: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5639:Botybirnavirus 5631: 5624: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5591:Partitiviridae 5587: 5580: 5573: 5570:Curvulaviridae 5566: 5558: 5556: 5545: 5534: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5506: 5504: 5493: 5485: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5469: 5467: 5456: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5409: 5398: 5387: 5376: 5365: 5353: 5352: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5262: 5254: 5252: 5241: 5230: 5219: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5188: 5180: 5178: 5175:Geplafuvirales 5167: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5148:Redondoviridae 5143: 5141: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5129: 5122: 5114: 5112: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5092: 5090: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5078: 5070: 5068: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5048: 5046: 5035: 5024: 5016: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4996: 4994: 4983: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4959: 4957: 4946: 4935: 4924: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4892: 4890: 4879: 4868: 4857: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4833: 4830:Plectroviridae 4826: 4823:Paulinoviridae 4819: 4811: 4809: 4798: 4795:Faserviricetes 4787: 4784:Hofneiviricota 4776: 4765: 4753: 4752: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4716: 4705: 4698: 4691: 4688:Polydnaviridae 4684: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4653:Globuloviridae 4649: 4646:Fuselloviridae 4642: 4635: 4632:Bicaudaviridae 4628: 4625:Ampullaviridae 4616: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4584: 4577: 4574:Hytrosaviridae 4570: 4562: 4560: 4549: 4546:Naldaviricetes 4538: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4526: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4492: 4490: 4479: 4476:Laserviricetes 4468: 4465:Dividoviricota 4457: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4430:Corticoviridae 4425: 4423: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4403: 4401: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4381: 4379: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4367: 4359: 4357: 4346: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4322: 4320: 4309: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4285: 4283: 4272: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4219: 4217: 4214:Pimascovirales 4209: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4197: 4195: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4175: 4173: 4162: 4154: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4138: 4136: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4116: 4114: 4103: 4092: 4081: 4070: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4042: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4017:Polyomaviridae 4012: 4010: 3999: 3988: 3977: 3966: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3931: 3924: 3917: 3914:Salasmaviridae 3910: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3886:Herelleviridae 3882: 3875: 3872:Drexlerviridae 3868: 3865:Demerecviridae 3861: 3854: 3847: 3839: 3837: 3826: 3823:Caudoviricetes 3815: 3807: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3771: 3760: 3757:Herviviricetes 3749: 3738: 3735:Heunggongvirae 3727: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3691: 3689: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3660: 3657:Ligamenvirales 3649: 3638: 3627: 3616: 3604: 3603: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3568: 3567: 3560: 3553: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3524: 3523:External links 3521: 3520: 3519: 3506:978-0128112571 3505: 3484: 3479:978-0429664304 3478: 3465: 3452:978-0128112571 3451: 3430: 3425:978-0128019559 3424: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3376: 3347:(5): 668–674. 3320: 3291:(3): 235–241. 3271: 3245: 3233: 3207: 3181: 3155: 3140: 3114: 3099: 3073: 3061: 3035: 2986: 2960: 2934: 2813: 2754: 2705: 2679: 2620: 2569: 2552: 2500: 2483: 2457: 2431: 2378: 2376:, p. 156. 2366: 2340: 2325: 2260: 2241: 2229: 2203: 2177: 2151: 2125: 2099: 2087: 2061: 2046: 2029: 2000: 1963: 1948: 1929: 1900: 1883:"Bidnaviridae" 1874: 1867: 1849: 1834: 1817: 1788: 1759: 1737:Naldaviricetes 1725: 1692: 1659: 1624: 1593: 1567: 1541: 1515: 1489: 1472: 1460: 1434: 1411: 1378: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1331: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1218:release factor 1213: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1191: 1185: 1182:Leaky scanning 1179: 1124: 1121: 1107: 1104: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1051: 1048: 1011: 1008: 974: 971: 962:Hepadnaviridae 952:Caulimoviridae 933: 930: 916:Caulimoviridae 869: 866: 849:Main article: 846: 843: 773:Main article: 770: 767: 766: 765: 756: 741: 692: 689: 688: 687: 672: 643:Endornaviridae 615: 612: 566: 563: 562: 561: 544: 529: 468:DNA polymerase 444: 441: 440: 439: 438: 437: 423: 408:Polydnaviridae 378:Globuloviridae 372:Fuselloviridae 360:Bicaudaviridae 354:Ampullaviridae 349: 346:Naldaviricetes 338: 319: 316:polyomaviruses 294: 275: 229:RNA polymerase 206: 203: 170:Main article: 167: 164: 162: 161:Classification 159: 143:viral envelope 126: 125: 122: 119: 116: 113: 110: 107: 91: 88: 26: 18:Pararetrovirus 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7420: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7372: 7369: 7328: 7327: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7317: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7295: 7294:Blubervirales 7290: 7287: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7251: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7232: 7228: 7198: 7197: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7189:Pseudoviridae 7186: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7175:Belpaoviridae 7172: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7103: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7056: 7055: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7034: 7029: 7019: 7018: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7005: 7004: 7003:Rhabdoviridae 7000: 6998: 6997: 6996:Pneumoviridae 6993: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6975:Mymonaviridae 6972: 6970: 6969: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6938: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6925:Natareviridae 6922: 6920: 6919: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6888: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6816:Amnoonviridae 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6807: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6781: 6780: 6779:Wupedeviridae 6776: 6774: 6773: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6765:Phenuiviridae 6762: 6760: 6759: 6758:Phasmaviridae 6755: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6720: 6718: 6717: 6713: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6677: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6622:Orthornavirae 6618: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6589: 6567: 6566: 6562: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6519: 6518:Stellavirales 6514: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6497: 6496:Patatavirales 6492: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6471: 6470: 6469:Solemoviridae 6466: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6445:Sobelivirales 6441: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6405:Caliciviridae 6402: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6362:Tobaniviridae 6359: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6327:Mononiviridae 6324: 6322: 6321: 6320:Mesoniviridae 6317: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6306:Gresnaviridae 6303: 6301: 6300: 6299:Euroniviridae 6296: 6294: 6293: 6292:Coronaviridae 6289: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6278:Arteriviridae 6275: 6273: 6272: 6271:Abyssoviridae 6268: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6235: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6172:Cryppavirales 6168: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6157: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6110: 6109: 6108:Steitzviridae 6105: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6079:Solspiviridae 6076: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6058:Atkinsviridae 6055: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6049: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6038: 6037:Leviviricetes 6033: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6026:Lenarviricota 6022: 6008: 6007: 6006:Tombusviridae 6003: 6001: 6000: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5972: 5967: 5957: 5956: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5938:Nodamuvirales 5934: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5760:Matonaviridae 5757: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5729:Hepelivirales 5725: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5718:Alsuviricetes 5714: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5696:Orthornavirae 5692: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5663: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5563:Amalgaviridae 5560: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5430:Quadriviridae 5427: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5416:Chrysoviridae 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5406:Ghabrivirales 5402: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5373:Orthornavirae 5369: 5366: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5349:dsRNA viruses 5344: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5297:Anelloviridae 5293: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5249:Haloruvirales 5245: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5228: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5194: 5193: 5192:Genomoviridae 5189: 5187: 5186: 5185:Geminiviridae 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5119:Metaxyviridae 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5044: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5032:Arfiviricetes 5028: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4932:Cossaviricota 4928: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4806:Tubulavirales 4802: 4799: 4797: 4796: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4749:ssDNA viruses 4744: 4740: 4722: 4721: 4720:Rhizidiovirus 4717: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4702:Thaspiviridae 4699: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4681:Plasmaviridae 4678: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4667:Halspiviridae 4664: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4601: 4600: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4567:Baculoviridae 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4506: 4505: 4504:Simuloviridae 4501: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4488: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4455: 4454:Helvetiavirae 4450: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4376:Kalamavirales 4372: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4354:Belfryvirales 4350: 4347: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4329: 4328: 4327:Adintoviridae 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4292: 4291: 4290:Lavidaviridae 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4192:Imitervirales 4188: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4159:Megaviricetes 4155: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4008: 4007:Sepolyvirales 4003: 4000: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3985:Cossaviricota 3981: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3937: 3936: 3935:Zobellviridae 3932: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3921:Schitoviridae 3918: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3879:Guelinviridae 3876: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3787: 3786: 3785:Herpesviridae 3782: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3769: 3768:Herpesvirales 3764: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3747: 3746:Peploviricota 3742: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3725: 3724:Duplodnaviria 3720: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3647: 3646:Tokiviricetes 3642: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3635:Taleaviricota 3631: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3600:dsDNA viruses 3595: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3561: 3559: 3554: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3471: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3412: 3411: 3387: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3341:Nat Microbiol 3338: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3285:Bacteriol Rev 3282: 3275: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3169: 3165: 3159: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3070: 3065: 3049: 3045: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2974: 2970: 2969:"RNA editing" 2964: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2922: 2918: 2903: 2899: 2884: 2880: 2865: 2861: 2846: 2842: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2774:(5): e64328. 2773: 2769: 2765: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2709: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2627: 2625: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2497: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2385: 2383: 2375: 2370: 2354: 2350: 2344: 2337: 2332: 2330: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2264: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2238: 2233: 2217: 2213: 2207: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2165: 2161: 2155: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2096: 2091: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2005: 1985: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1961:, p. 42. 1960: 1955: 1953: 1946:, p. 65. 1945: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1917: 1913: 1907: 1905: 1888: 1884: 1878: 1870: 1868:9781444114782 1864: 1860: 1853: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1793: 1776: 1772: 1766: 1764: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1729: 1710: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1677: 1675: 1666: 1664: 1644: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1609: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1581: 1577: 1571: 1555: 1551: 1545: 1529: 1525: 1519: 1503: 1499: 1493: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1470:, p. 66. 1469: 1464: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1431: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1344: 1343: 1336: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303:Duplodnaviria 1300: 1295: 1293: 1292:Orthornavirae 1289: 1288:Orthornavirae 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1245: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1113:ebola viruses 1103: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1084: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1071:Geminiviridae 1067: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1040:unspliced RNA 1037: 1036:Herpesviruses 1033: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1007: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 979: 970: 968: 967:Blubervirales 964: 963: 958: 954: 953: 948: 943: 940: 929: 927: 926: 921: 917: 913: 910:of the realm 909: 905: 904:Arterviricota 901: 900: 894: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 865: 863: 860:in the realm 859: 852: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 817:in the realm 816: 815:Orthornavirae 812: 811: 805: 802: 798: 794: 789: 787: 786:cap snatching 783: 776: 763: 762: 757: 754: 753: 748: 747: 742: 739: 738: 737:Lenarviricota 733: 732: 731: 729: 726:in the realm 725: 724:Orthornavirae 720: 716: 714: 708: 701: 700:Coronaviruses 697: 685: 684: 679: 678: 673: 670: 669: 664: 663: 662: 660: 657:of the realm 656: 655:Orthornavirae 651: 649: 645: 644: 639: 638: 637:Amalgaviridae 631: 624: 620: 611: 609: 608: 603: 599: 595: 591: 590: 586:in the realm 585: 584: 583:Orthornavirae 576: 572: 571:Orthornavirae 559: 555: 551: 550: 545: 542: 541: 536: 535: 534:Anelloviridae 530: 527: 523: 519: 518: 517: 514: 511: 506: 505: 504:Anelloviridae 499: 496: 495:hairpin loops 492: 488: 484: 482: 477: 472: 469: 462: 454: 449: 436: 435: 434:Rhizidiovirus 430: 429: 424: 422: 421: 420:Thaspiviridae 416: 415: 410: 409: 404: 403: 402:Plasmaviridae 398: 397: 392: 391: 390:Halspiviridae 386: 385: 380: 379: 374: 373: 368: 367: 362: 361: 356: 355: 350: 348: 347: 342: 341: 339: 336: 332: 331:giant viruses 328: 324: 320: 317: 313: 309: 305: 304: 299: 295: 292: 291: 290:Herpesvirales 286: 285: 280: 279:Duplodnaviria 276: 273: 269: 265: 264: 263: 260: 258: 254: 250: 249:Duplodnaviria 244: 242: 236: 234: 230: 226: 220: 216: 215:Duplodnaviria 212: 202: 200: 199: 194: 193: 188: 187: 186:Duplodnaviria 182: 181: 173: 154: 150: 148: 144: 140: 136: 131: 130:transcription 123: 120: 117: 114: 111: 108: 105: 104: 103: 101: 97: 87: 85: 80: 78: 74: 70: 69:transcription 66: 61: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 42:messenger RNA 39: 36: 32: 19: 7324: 7316:Ortervirales 7314: 7302: 7292: 7281: 7270: 7261:Pararnavirae 7259: 7248: 7196:Retroviridae 7194: 7187: 7180: 7173: 7165:Ortervirales 7163: 7152: 7141: 7132:Pararnavirae 7130: 7119: 7052: 7042: 7031: 7017:Xinmoviridae 7015: 7008: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6982:Nyamiviridae 6980: 6973: 6968:Lispiviridae 6966: 6959: 6954:Bornaviridae 6952: 6945: 6935: 6923: 6918:Myriaviridae 6916: 6909: 6902: 6897:Aliusviridae 6895: 6885: 6874: 6858: 6848: 6837: 6821: 6814: 6804: 6793: 6777: 6772:Tospoviridae 6770: 6763: 6756: 6749: 6744:Nairoviridae 6742: 6735: 6728: 6723:Hantaviridae 6721: 6714: 6709:Arenaviridae 6707: 6702:Cruliviridae 6700: 6692:Bunyavirales 6690: 6679: 6663: 6653: 6642: 6631: 6620: 6609: 6563: 6556: 6552: 6528:Astroviridae 6526: 6516: 6504: 6494: 6483: 6467: 6462:Barnaviridae 6460: 6453: 6443: 6431: 6424: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6396: 6391:Marnaviridae 6389: 6382: 6372: 6360: 6353: 6348:Olifoviridae 6346: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6283: 6276: 6269: 6259: 6248: 6239:Pisuviricota 6237: 6217: 6209:Ourlivirales 6207: 6198:Miaviricetes 6196: 6180: 6170: 6159: 6145:Narnaviridae 6143: 6133: 6122: 6106: 6101:Blumeviridae 6099: 6091:Timlovirales 6089: 6077: 6072:Fiersviridae 6070: 6063: 6056: 6048:Norzivirales 6046: 6035: 6024: 6004: 5999:Luteoviridae 5997: 5990: 5980: 5969: 5953: 5946: 5936: 5925: 5911:Flaviviridae 5909: 5899: 5888: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5834: 5824:Virgaviridae 5822: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5782:Bromoviridae 5780: 5770: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5727: 5716: 5705: 5694: 5683: 5637: 5633: 5626: 5621:Birnaviridae 5619: 5615: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5568: 5561: 5553:Durnavirales 5551: 5540: 5531:Pisuviricota 5529: 5511:Cystoviridae 5509: 5501:Mindivirales 5499: 5488: 5472: 5462: 5451: 5435: 5428: 5421: 5414: 5404: 5393: 5382: 5371: 5360: 5311:Spiraviridae 5309: 5302: 5295: 5291: 5257: 5247: 5236: 5227:Saleviricota 5225: 5214: 5190: 5183: 5173: 5162: 5146: 5138:Recrevirales 5136: 5124: 5117: 5109:Mulpavirales 5107: 5097:Smacoviridae 5095: 5087:Cremevirales 5085: 5075:Circoviridae 5073: 5065:Cirlivirales 5063: 5051: 5043:Baphyvirales 5041: 5030: 5019: 5001:Parvoviridae 4999: 4991:Piccovirales 4989: 4978: 4964:Bidnaviridae 4962: 4952: 4943:Mouviricetes 4941: 4930: 4921:Shotokuvirae 4919: 4897:Microviridae 4895: 4887:Petitvirales 4885: 4874: 4865:Phixviricota 4863: 4852: 4828: 4821: 4814: 4804: 4793: 4782: 4771: 4762:Monodnaviria 4760: 4718: 4713:Dinodnavirus 4711: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4679: 4674:Ovaliviridae 4672: 4665: 4660:Guttaviridae 4658: 4651: 4644: 4639:Clavaviridae 4637: 4630: 4623: 4619: 4597: 4579: 4572: 4565: 4555: 4544: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4485: 4474: 4463: 4452: 4428: 4418: 4408:Adenoviridae 4406: 4396: 4386:Tectiviridae 4384: 4374: 4364:Turriviridae 4362: 4352: 4341: 4325: 4315: 4304: 4288: 4278: 4267: 4256: 4236: 4231:Iridoviridae 4229: 4222: 4212: 4200: 4190: 4178: 4168: 4157: 4141: 4133:Chitovirales 4131: 4121:Asfarviridae 4119: 4109: 4098: 4087: 4078:Bamfordvirae 4076: 4067:Varidnaviria 4065: 4037: 4027: 4015: 4005: 3994: 3983: 3974:Shotokuvirae 3972: 3963:Monodnaviria 3961: 3933: 3928:Siphoviridae 3926: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3898: 3891: 3884: 3877: 3870: 3863: 3858:Chaseviridae 3856: 3849: 3842: 3834:Caudovirales 3832: 3821: 3810: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3766: 3755: 3744: 3733: 3722: 3694: 3686:Primavirales 3684: 3672: 3665: 3655: 3644: 3633: 3622: 3611: 3571: 3488: 3469: 3434: 3415: 3393:. Retrieved 3379: 3344: 3340: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3262:. Retrieved 3257: 3248: 3236: 3224:. Retrieved 3219: 3210: 3198:. Retrieved 3193: 3184: 3172:. Retrieved 3167: 3158: 3131:. Retrieved 3126: 3117: 3090:. Retrieved 3085: 3076: 3064: 3052:. Retrieved 3047: 3038: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2977:. Retrieved 2972: 2963: 2951:. Retrieved 2946: 2937: 2925:. Retrieved 2920: 2906:. Retrieved 2901: 2887:. Retrieved 2882: 2868:. Retrieved 2863: 2849:. Retrieved 2844: 2830:. Retrieved 2825: 2816: 2771: 2767: 2757: 2722: 2718: 2708: 2696:. Retrieved 2691: 2682: 2670:. Retrieved 2640: 2636: 2586: 2582: 2572: 2520: 2516: 2474:. Retrieved 2469: 2460: 2448:. Retrieved 2443: 2434: 2399: 2395: 2369: 2357:. Retrieved 2352: 2343: 2316:. Retrieved 2280: 2276: 2263: 2232: 2220:. Retrieved 2215: 2206: 2194:. Retrieved 2189: 2180: 2168:. Retrieved 2163: 2154: 2142:. Retrieved 2137: 2128: 2116:. Retrieved 2111: 2102: 2090: 2078:. Retrieved 2073: 2064: 2020:. Retrieved 2015: 1991:. Retrieved 1920:. Retrieved 1915: 1891:. Retrieved 1886: 1877: 1859:Parvoviruses 1858: 1852: 1808:. Retrieved 1803: 1779:. Retrieved 1774: 1750:. Retrieved 1740: 1736: 1728: 1716:. Retrieved 1683:. Retrieved 1673: 1650:. Retrieved 1615:. Retrieved 1584:. Retrieved 1579: 1570: 1558:. Retrieved 1553: 1544: 1532:. Retrieved 1527: 1518: 1506:. Retrieved 1501: 1492: 1463: 1451:. Retrieved 1446: 1437: 1402:. Retrieved 1397: 1374:Lostroh 2019 1342:Retroviridae 1340: 1335: 1318: 1315:Varidnaviria 1314: 1311:Varidnaviria 1310: 1307:Monodnaviria 1306: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1284:Pararnavirae 1283: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1265: 1256: 1250: 1150: 1139:(group IV), 1117: 1109: 1099: 1093: 1090: 1081: 1069: 1059: 1056:multipartite 1053: 1044:retroviruses 1025: 1019: 1013: 1004: 993:(group IV), 989:(group IV), 966: 960: 957:Ortervirales 956: 950: 946: 944: 935: 925:Ortervirales 923: 919: 915: 914:. Excluding 911: 908:Pararnavirae 907: 903: 897: 895: 877:. The viral 871: 861: 858:Pararnavirae 857: 856:the kingdom 854: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 808: 806: 790: 778: 759: 750: 746:Pisuviricota 744: 735: 727: 723: 721: 717: 709: 705: 681: 677:Pisuviricota 675: 666: 658: 654: 652: 641: 635: 632: 628: 605: 587: 581: 578: 558:Varidnaviria 557: 553: 547: 540:Spiraviridae 538: 532: 525: 522:Monodnaviria 521: 515: 510:bidnaviruses 502: 500: 487:Parvoviruses 485: 476:endonuclease 473: 464: 461:Monodnaviria 432: 428:Dinodnavirus 426: 418: 412: 406: 400: 396:Ovaliviridae 394: 388: 384:Guttaviridae 382: 376: 370: 366:Clavaviridae 364: 358: 352: 344: 327:adenoviruses 323:Varidnaviria 322: 307: 301: 298:Monodnaviria 297: 288: 284:Caudovirales 282: 278: 267: 261: 257:Varidnaviria 256: 253:Caudovirales 252: 248: 245: 237: 222: 219:Varidnaviria 198:Varidnaviria 196: 192:Monodnaviria 190: 184: 178: 175: 127: 93: 81: 62: 30: 29: 7182:Metaviridae 6961:Filoviridae 6947:Artoviridae 6860:Aspiviridae 6737:Mypoviridae 6716:Fimoviridae 6506:Potyviridae 6419:Secoviridae 6412:Iflaviridae 6355:Roniviridae 6261:Nidovirales 6182:Mitoviridae 6065:Duinviridae 5982:Tolivirales 5948:Nodaviridae 5874:Tymoviridae 5836:Tymovirales 5817:Togaviridae 5810:Mayoviridae 5803:Kitaviridae 5753:Hepeviridae 5746:Benyviridae 5577:Hypoviridae 5437:Totiviridae 5126:Nanoviridae 4954:Polivirales 4854:Sangervirae 4599:Nimaviridae 4581:Nudiviridae 4557:Lefavirales 4420:Vinavirales 4398:Rowavirales 4224:Ascoviridae 4202:Mimiviridae 4170:Algavirales 4111:Asfuvirales 3900:Podoviridae 3812:Uroviricota 3674:Rudiviridae 3624:Zilligvirae 3000:J Gen Virol 2637:J Gen Virol 2583:PLOS Pathog 2565:Fermin 2018 2256:Fermin 2018 2057:Fermin 2018 1959:Fermin 2018 1830:Fermin 2018 1741:Lefavirales 1485:Fermin 2018 1178:amino acid. 1152:Translation 1135:(group I), 1123:Translation 1106:RNA editing 1066:plant virus 1001:(group VI) 985:(group I), 623:Rotaviruses 607:Ribozyviria 565:RNA viruses 166:DNA viruses 135:replicating 73:translation 65:replicating 7392:Categories 7054:Yueviridae 7010:Sunviridae 6904:Chuviridae 6665:Qinviridae 6546:Unassigned 5609:Unassigned 5474:Reoviridae 5464:Reovirales 5285:Unassigned 5216:Trapavirae 4816:Inoviridae 4613:Unassigned 4591:Unassigned 4537:Unassigned 4143:Poxviridae 3893:Myoviridae 1353:References 1210:nucleobase 1147:(group VI) 1078:Host range 906:, kingdom 883:integrated 596:and other 459:See also: 351:Families: 335:poxviruses 209:See also: 7250:Riboviria 7121:Riboviria 6655:Muvirales 6611:Riboviria 5685:Riboviria 5362:Riboviria 4773:Loebvirae 3613:Adnaviria 3572:Baltimore 3258:ViralZone 3220:ViralZone 3194:ViralZone 3168:ViralZone 3127:ViralZone 3086:ViralZone 3048:ViralZone 2973:ViralZone 2947:ViralZone 2921:ViralZone 2902:ViralZone 2883:ViralZone 2864:ViralZone 2845:ViralZone 2826:ViralZone 2692:ViralZone 2470:ViralZone 2444:ViralZone 2374:Cann 2015 2353:ViralZone 2237:Cann 2015 2216:ViralZone 2190:ViralZone 2164:ViralZone 2138:ViralZone 2112:ViralZone 2095:Cann 2015 2074:ViralZone 2016:ViralZone 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