394:
1367:
anthology is likely a late Sangam literature, states
Zvelebil, separated from the earliest Sangam work by at least three centuries. This is evidenced by the linguistic and grammatical innovations, and its mention of mural paintings in temples and other cultural innovations. Takanobu Takahashi concurs
1202:
According to Prof S. Vaiyapuri Pillai, former Reader of the
University of Madras, has stated that Paripadal may belong to the 3rd or 4th century period as Madurai was called Nan-Mada-k-koodal during the reign of Abisheka Pandya, who ruled the Pandya country in the 3rd or 4th century A.D. Hence,
1194:, a Tamil literature and history scholar. This is the only anthology in the Eight Anthologies collection that is predominantly religious, though the other seven anthologies do contain occasional mentions and allusions to gods, goddesses and legends.
1354:
manuscripts suggest that it was not purely an abstract literary work, rather a guide for devotional songs to be sung. The poems also mention temples and shrines, thereby suggesting that the Tamil people had already built temples for
1178:) and does not fall under the general classification of verses. It has a minimum of 25 lines and a maximum of 400 lines. It is an "akam genre", odd and hybrid collection which expresses love in the form of religious devotion (
1403:
in 1918. A French translation was published in 1968 by François Gros. English translations of the collection has been published by
Seshadri, Hikosaka et al. in 1996, as well as partly by Muthukumar and Segram in 2012.
1757:
per the Tamil calendar (= Magh in northern Hindu calendar, January/February), particularly at the end of month
Markali, and the poem also alludes to rebirths and merits in previous lives;
1323:
anthology, this collection also includes dialogue-based poems. Beyond the 24 surviving poems, from the fragmentary records about the other 46 original poems, 1 additional poem was to
1305:
The compilation is attributed to 13 poets, and each poem has a notable colophon. In these colophons, in addition to the poet's name is included the music and tune (melodic mode,
1278:
anthology originally contained 70 poems, of which 24 have survived in full and few others have survived in fragments into the modern era as evidenced by the quotes in the
1302:), as well as water sports, offerings of prayers at the river banks, playful lover's quarrel where the wife accuses her husband of bathing with his mistress.
1123:
2117:
Selby, Martha Ann (2011) Tamil Love Poetry: The Five
Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Early Third-Century Anthology. Columbia University Press,
2072:
Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana
Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - Reprinted by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983)
1368:
that this is a late Sangam work, and adds that the poems were likely composed over several generations over 100–150 years (3rd century CE).
2535:
1744:, Quote: "seventy poems dedicated to gods Tirumal (Visnu), Cevvel (Murukan) and the goddess, the river Vaiyai (presently known as Vaikai)."
175:
1395:, while the poems dedicated to Vaikai (Vaiyai) river are "unbriddled celebration of sensuality and love". The first Tamil edition of
2472:
2457:
2216:
1116:
275:
163:
1700:
2705:
2700:
2424:
2052:
2022:
1941:
1914:
1858:
1831:
1801:
1774:
1737:
1710:
1666:
1624:
2892:
1978:
1372:
suggests this Sangam anthology may be from about the 6th century. The poems allude to many pan-Indian legends, such as the
299:
201:
170:
1109:
2918:
2515:
878:
122:
2184:
2160:
2139:
2122:
2108:
2087:
1413:
1246:. He is also known as Māyavan, Māmiyon, Netiyōn, and Māl in Sangam literature. A reference to "Mukkol Pakavars" in
2933:
2867:
2624:
251:
2264:
846:
127:
227:
2710:
234:
2209:
1683:
158:
2741:
2500:
834:
79:
239:
2923:
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2720:
1072:
873:
337:
1380:
collection may be the early buds of transitional poems that flowered into the Bhakti movement poetry.
2887:
2344:
1317:
anthologies. The typical poems have 60 lines, and the longest surviving poem has 140 lines. Like the
1238:. He is regarded to be the only deity who enjoyed the status of Paramporul (achieving a oneness with
263:
364:
134:
2725:
2629:
2357:
2309:
2259:
1633:
997:
992:
557:
537:
2877:
2851:
2525:
2202:
1262:. During the post-Sangam period, his worship was further glorified by the poet-saints called the
1095:
977:
928:
306:
151:
146:
2614:
2419:
1564:
1376:(churning of cosmic ocean), Vishnu devotee Prahlada's struggle, Shiva and Murugan legends. The
903:
697:
562:
72:
52:
2077:
1764:
67:
2645:
2352:
2314:
2174:
2042:
1848:
1400:
1204:
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214:
108:
2673:
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1258:
was glorified as "the supreme deity", whose divine lotus feet could burn all evil and grant
311:
2928:
2467:
2362:
982:
547:
504:
377:
270:
258:
246:
96:
1994:
Shu
Hikosaka; K.G. Seshadri; John Samuel (1996). P. Thiagarajan and K. G. Seshadri (ed.).
8:
2756:
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2018:
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60:
32:
25:
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1062:
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194:
1725:
649:
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2012:
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1931:
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91:
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44:
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795:
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447:
385:
342:
1702:
Encyclopaedia of
Oriental Philosophy and Religion: A Continuing Series--
2751:
2505:
1399:
from palm-leaf manuscripts discovered in 19th century was published by
1319:
1243:
1067:
489:
476:
115:
84:
1347:
devotional poems are the earliest and described in most Poetic terms.
2846:
2604:
2561:
2510:
2239:
1328:
1299:
1251:
1239:
1037:
967:
868:
442:
354:
323:
39:
2609:
2010:
1993:
1874:
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2678:
1884:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1332:
1287:
1254:
saints were holding
Tridanda and were prominent during the period.
829:
664:
471:
466:
437:
393:
403:
318:
2581:
2194:
1867:
1515:
1423:
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1291:
1255:
1223:
1187:
1002:
946:
677:
654:
639:
632:
461:
432:
349:
1769:. Penguin Books. pp. 103–105 with notes on "Lines 184–91".
1582:
2576:
1726:
A. K. Ramanujan; Vinay
Dharwadker; Stuart H. Blackburn (2004).
1429:
1384:
1356:
1344:
1324:
1263:
1259:
1231:
1227:
1077:
408:
1418:
There are two poems depicted as example, one in the praise of
1286:. Of the 24 full poems that have survived, 7 are dedicated to
2556:
2103:. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
1950:
1383:
According to V. N. Muthukumar and Elizabeth Rani Segran, the
950:
425:
2776:
2399:
1309:) for the poem, as well as the composer of that music. The
1298:. The nine river-related poems mention bathing festivals (
1393:"earliest and finest representations of devotional genre"
1218:
currently has 24 survived and in that 7 are dedicated to
2152:
The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India
1902:
1174:, Paripadal is a kind of verse dealing only with love (
1642:, pp. 31–33, 47, 53, 55, 57, 60, 87, 99, 123–124.
2014:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
1823:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
1793:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
1766:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
1658:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
2176:
Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature
2127:
2100:The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia
1936:. Oxford University Press. pp. 48–49, 67–70.
1890:
1929:
2910:
2011:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1896:
1820:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1815:
1813:
1790:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1763:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1655:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1650:
1648:
1313:poems are longer than the poems in other major
1158:poetic work and traditionally the fifth of the
2148:
2040:
1956:
1878:
1846:
1705:. Global Vision Publishing House. p. 34.
1639:
1612:
1597:
1495:and you are the substance and meaning of all.
2210:
1968:
1234:show his supremacy, and gives him the status
1117:
1853:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 48–49.
1810:
1645:
1608:
1606:
1207:) may belong to the 3rd or 4th century A.D.
2082:. Asian Educational Services. p. 115.
1933:Religious Movements in South Asia, 600-1800
1909:. Oxford University Press. pp. 52–55.
1698:
1440:
2217:
2203:
1719:
1699:Singh, Nagendra Kr; Mishra, A. P. (2005).
1124:
1110:
1603:
1527:But for your grace, for love, for virtue,
1182:) to gods and goddesses predominantly to
2473:Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition
2169:
2047:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 49.
1732:. Oxford University Press. p. 235.
2036:
2034:
2911:
2075:
1729:The collected essays of A.K. Ramanujan
1681:
1477:among the stones, you are the diamond;
1274:The Tamil tradition believes that the
2425:World Classical Tamil Conference 2010
2198:
16:Classic anthology of Tamil literature
2031:
1753:The festive bathing month is called
1434:
202:Tamil history from Sangam literature
2096:
1619:. Penguin Books. pp. 109–110.
13:
2224:
2076:Pillai, M. S. Purnalingam (1994).
14:
2945:
2888:Ancient manuscript digitalisation
2017:. Penguin Books. pp. 15–16.
1973:. Institut Francais D'Indologie.
1688:. T.T. Devasthanams. p. 152.
1903:Karen Pechilis Prentiss (2000).
1796:. Penguin Books. pp. 3–11.
1661:. Penguin Books. pp. 1–17.
1485:in the Veda, you are the secret;
1414:Vaishnavism in Ancient Tamilakam
1203:Paripadal which praises Koodal (
392:
2868:Standardisation of Tamil script
2004:
1987:
1962:
1923:
1840:
1826:. Penguin Books. pp. 1–7.
1531:O god with the rich garland of
1525:not for gold, not for pleasure;
1487:among elements, the primordial;
1783:
1747:
1692:
1675:
1489:in the burning sun, the light;
1269:
1:
2131:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics
2097:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2003).
2000:. Institute of Asian Studies.
1575:
1152:the paripadal-metre anthology
1685:108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams
1491:in moonshine, its sweetness;
1481:among virtues, you are love;
1294:, and nine to river goddess
1290:(Krishna, Vishnu), eight to
20:
7:
2742:Megalithic graffiti symbols
2501:Nālāyira Tivviya Pirapantam
2128:Takanobu Takahashi (1995).
1548:
1523:We pray you not for wealth,
1475:in blossoms, the fragrance;
1407:
1210:
10:
2950:
2883:Printing in Tamil language
1930:David N. Lorenzen (2004).
1473:In fire, you are the heat;
1411:
386:Hindu scriptures and texts
338:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
2919:Tamil-language literature
2860:
2839:
2813:
2785:
2734:
2691:
2654:
2638:
2595:
2544:
2481:
2440:
2433:
2412:
2387:
2371:
2343:
2302:
2295:
2232:
1464:அனைத்தின் உட்பொருளும் நீ;
1441:
1147:
362:
329:
212:
181:
114:
59:
50:
31:
23:
2630:Tamil Lexicon dictionary
2310:Bangalore Tamil dialects
1906:The Embodiment of Bhakti
1387:devotional poems in the
2878:Simplified Tamil script
2526:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2149:Kamil Zvelebil (1973).
2041:Kamil Zvelebil (1974).
1891:Takanobu Takahashi 1995
1847:Kamil Zvelebil (1974).
1613:A.K. Ramanujan (2005).
1537:with rolling clusters!
1458:வெஞ் சுடர் ஒளியும் நீ;
1363:in the Sangam era. The
1197:
1096:Timeline of Hindu texts
929:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2934:Tamil Hindu literature
2615:Purapporul Venbamaalai
2420:World Tamil Conference
1969:François Gros (1968).
1682:Ramesh, M. S. (1997).
1616:Hymns for the Drowning
1565:Eighteen Greater Texts
1546:
1471:
1460:திங்களுள் அளியும் நீ;
1452:மறத்தினுள் மைந்து நீ;
1448:சொல்லினுள் வாய்மை நீ;
1446:கல்லினுள் மணியும் நீ;
1438:
904:Eighteen Greater Texts
276:Tiṇaimālai Nūṟṟaimpatu
53:Eighteen Greater Texts
2646:Yāḻpāna Vaipava Mālai
2315:Central Tamil dialect
2265:Proto-South Dravidian
2179:. BRILL. p. 73.
1520:
1504:Paripadal, iii: 63-68
1450:அறத்தினுள் அன்பு நீ;
1444:பூவினுள் நாற்றம் நீ;
1401:U. V. Swaminatha Iyer
1205:Koodal Azhagar temple
909:Eighteen Lesser Texts
215:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2711:Indo-Aryan languages
2536:Tamil Ganaptya texts
2468:List of Sangam poets
2413:Global organizations
1508:—F Gros, K Zvelebil
1456:பூதத்து முதலும் நீ;
1250:indicates that only
1230:. The poems of Lord
2716:Dravidian languages
2516:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
1957:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
1881:, pp. 124–125.
1879:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
1640:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
1600:, pp. 123–124.
1598:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
1555:Ancient Tamil music
1483:in valour—strength;
1442:தீயினுள் தெறல் நீ;
919:Iraiyanar Akapporul
879:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
625:Related Hindu texts
207:Ancient Tamil music
123:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2873:Tanittamil Iyakkam
2826:Tamil onomatopoeia
2453:Tamil books of Law
2134:. BRILL Academic.
164:Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
2924:Sangam literature
2906:
2905:
2893:Formation of CICT
2687:
2686:
2664:Asthana Kolahalam
2448:Sangam literature
2408:
2407:
2054:978-3-447-01582-0
2024:978-81-8475-694-4
1943:978-0-19-566448-5
1916:978-0-19-535190-3
1893:, pp. 17–19.
1860:978-3-447-01582-0
1833:978-81-8475-694-4
1803:978-81-8475-694-4
1776:978-81-8475-694-4
1739:978-0-19-566896-4
1712:978-81-8220-072-2
1668:978-81-8475-694-4
1626:978-0-14-400010-4
1570:Sangam literature
1560:Eight Anthologies
1512:
1511:
1479:in speech, truth;
1248:Sangam literature
1168:Sangam literature
1160:Eight Anthologies
1154:) is a classical
1134:
1133:
924:Abhirami Anthadhi
862:Sangam literature
715:Vaishnava puranas
371:
370:
367:
331:Bhakti Literature
264:Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu
176:Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
171:Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai
61:Eight Anthologies
33:Sangam literature
26:Sangam literature
2941:
2800:Tamil honorifics
2531:Vinayagar Agaval
2496:Kampa Irāmāyaṉam
2458:Five Great Epics
2438:
2437:
2300:
2299:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2166:
2145:
2114:
2093:
2079:Tamil Literature
2059:
2058:
2044:Tamil Literature
2038:
2029:
2028:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1980:978-8-18996-8359
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1865:
1864:
1850:Tamil Literature
1844:
1838:
1837:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1610:
1601:
1595:
1466:
1465:
1454:வேதத்து மறை நீ;
1435:
1149:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1063:Gheranda Samhita
1013:Sushruta Samhita
934:Vinayagar Agaval
899:Five Great Epics
874:Divya Prabandham
805:
771:
717:
599:Other scriptures
572:
533:
514:
457:
396:
373:
372:
363:
271:Aintinai Eḻupatu
259:Aintiṇai Aimpatu
252:Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu
240:Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu
195:Sangam landscape
21:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2898:Project Madurai
2856:
2840:Transliteration
2835:
2821:Tamil phonology
2809:
2787:
2781:
2762:Pallava grantha
2730:
2694:other languages
2693:
2683:
2657:natural science
2656:
2655:Mathematics and
2650:
2634:
2597:
2591:
2540:
2483:
2477:
2463:Ponniyin Selvan
2429:
2404:
2383:
2379:Malaysian Tamil
2372:Southeast Asian
2367:
2339:
2291:
2260:Proto-Dravidian
2228:
2223:
2193:
2187:
2171:Zvelebil, Kamil
2163:
2142:
2111:
2090:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2009:
2005:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1868:
1861:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1697:
1693:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1583:
1578:
1551:
1543:Pari. v.: 78–81
1539:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
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1476:
1474:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1416:
1410:
1374:samudra manthan
1370:A. K. Ramanujan
1272:
1213:
1200:
1190:. According to
1170:. According to
1130:
1101:
1100:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1033:Divya Prabandha
1008:Charaka Samhita
993:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
953:
939:
938:
894:Kamba Ramayanam
869:Saiva Tirumurai
864:
854:
853:
825:
815:
814:
801:
767:
713:
680:
670:
669:
635:
620:
619:
600:
592:
591:
568:
529:
510:
492:
482:
481:
453:
428:
411:
300:Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu
228:Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai
17:
12:
11:
5:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2805:Tamil numerals
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2674:Kaṇita Tīpikai
2671:
2669:Kaṇakkatikāram
2666:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:Tamil language
2222:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2167:
2161:
2146:
2140:
2125:
2115:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2030:
2023:
2003:
1986:
1979:
1961:
1959:, p. 124.
1949:
1942:
1922:
1915:
1895:
1883:
1866:
1859:
1839:
1832:
1809:
1802:
1782:
1775:
1759:Pari. 11:88–92
1746:
1738:
1718:
1711:
1691:
1674:
1667:
1644:
1632:
1625:
1602:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1469:
1462:அனைத்தும் நீ;
1409:
1406:
1271:
1268:
1212:
1209:
1199:
1196:
1192:Kamil Zvelebil
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:Ramcharitmanas
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1003:Pramana Sutras
1000:
995:
990:
985:
983:Mimamsa Sutras
980:
978:Samkhya Sutras
975:
970:
965:
960:
958:Dharma Shastra
954:
945:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
865:
860:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
850:
849:
839:
838:
837:
826:
821:
820:
817:
816:
813:
812:
810:Devi Bhagavata
803:Shakta puranas
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
769:Shaiva puranas
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
711:
710:
705:
700:
698:Brahmavaivarta
695:
690:
683:Brahma puranas
681:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
636:
631:
630:
627:
626:
622:
621:
618:
617:
612:
607:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
584:
579:
566:
565:
560:
558:Shvetashvatara
555:
550:
545:
540:
538:Brihadaranyaka
527:
526:
521:
508:
507:
502:
493:
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
451:
450:
445:
440:
435:
429:
424:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
412:
406:
398:
397:
389:
388:
382:
381:
369:
368:
360:
359:
357:
352:
346:
345:
340:
334:
333:
327:
326:
321:
315:
314:
312:Mutumoḻikkānci
309:
307:Ciṟupañcamūlam
303:
302:
297:
291:
290:
285:
279:
278:
273:
267:
266:
261:
255:
254:
249:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
225:
219:
218:
210:
209:
204:
198:
197:
192:
186:
185:
183:Related topics
179:
178:
173:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
137:
135:Malaipaṭukaṭām
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
112:
111:
106:
100:
99:
94:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
57:
56:
48:
47:
42:
36:
35:
29:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2946:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2831:Tamil prosody
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:Tamil grammar
2793:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Tamil Braille
2770:
2768:
2767:Modern script
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:Brahmin Tamil
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:Madurai Tamil
2328:
2326:
2325:Madras Bashai
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Second Sangam
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:Tamil Sangams
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2188:
2186:90-04-09365-6
2182:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2162:90-04-03591-5
2158:
2154:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2141:90-04-10042-3
2137:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2123:9780231150651
2120:
2116:
2112:
2110:9780521011099
2106:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2089:81-206-0955-7
2085:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2035:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1641:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1534:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1470:
1467:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1422:and other of
1421:
1415:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:, 17 more to
1334:
1330:
1327:, 23 more to
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:) during the
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1208:
1206:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Shiva Samhita
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Yoga Vasistha
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:Vastu Shastra
1021:
1019:
1018:Natya Shastra
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Brahma Sutras
971:
969:
966:
964:
963:Artha Shastra
961:
959:
956:
955:
952:
948:
943:
942:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
863:
858:
857:
848:
845:
844:
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
819:
818:
811:
808:
807:
806:
804:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
770:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
752:Varaha Purana
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
718:
716:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
679:
674:
673:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
634:
629:
628:
624:
623:
616:
613:
611:
610:Bhagavad Gita
608:
606:
603:
602:
596:
595:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
571:
570:Atharva vedic
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
532:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
515:
513:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
491:
486:
485:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
458:
456:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
427:
422:
421:
416:
413:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
400:
399:
395:
391:
390:
387:
384:
383:
379:
375:
374:
366:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
332:
328:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
211:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
191:
188:
187:
184:
180:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
160:
159:Paṭṭiṉappālai
157:
156:
153:
150:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:Maturaikkāñci
138:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu
126:
124:
121:
120:
117:
113:
110:
109:Patiṟṟuppattu
107:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
43:
41:
38:
37:
34:
30:
27:
22:
19:
2747:Tamil-Brahmi
2625:Caturakarāti
2598:dictionaries
2596:Grammars and
2491:Cīrappurānam
2335:Nellai Tamil
2285:Third Sangam
2275:First Sangam
2255:Manipravalam
2250:Modern Tamil
2245:Middle Tamil
2175:
2151:
2130:
2099:
2078:
2066:Bibliography
2043:
2013:
2006:
1996:
1989:
1971:Le Paripatal
1970:
1964:
1952:
1932:
1925:
1905:
1898:
1886:
1849:
1842:
1822:
1792:
1785:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1728:
1721:
1701:
1694:
1684:
1677:
1657:
1635:
1615:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1529:these three,
1522:
1513:
1503:
1493:you are all,
1472:
1439:
1428:To Tirumal (
1427:
1417:
1396:
1392:
1391:are some of
1388:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1351:
1349:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1284:Purattirattu
1283:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1236:Para Brahman
1215:
1214:
1201:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1028:Panchatantra
988:Nyāya Sūtras
884:Thiruppugazh
802:
800:
768:
766:
714:
712:
682:
569:
567:
530:
528:
511:
509:
494:
454:
452:
330:
235:Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu
213:
182:
152:Neṭunalvāṭai
147:Mullaippāṭṭu
103:
51:
18:
2929:Tamil music
2620:Tolkāppiyam
2521:Thiruppugal
2320:Kongu Tamil
1420:Maha Vishnu
1280:Tolkappiyam
1270:Description
1220:Maha Vishnu
1184:Maha Vishnu
1172:Tolkappiyam
1073:Vedantasara
998:Yoga Sutras
914:Aathichoodi
847:Historicity
842:Mahabharata
835:Historicity
531:Yajur vedic
448:Atharvaveda
343:Ramavataram
295:Ācārakkōvai
288:Tirikaṭukam
247:Kār Nāṟpatu
68:Aiṅkurunūṟu
45:Tolkāppiyam
2913:Categories
2757:Vatteluttu
2484:literature
2482:Devotional
2434:Literature
2388:Sociolects
2358:Batticaloa
2345:Sri Lankan
1576:References
1412:See also:
1320:Kalittokai
1244:Sangam age
1164:Ettuthokai
1150:, meaning
1068:Panchadasi
1053:Swara yoga
889:Tirukkuṟaḷ
703:Markandeya
548:Taittiriya
512:Sama vedic
505:Kaushitaki
490:Upanishads
477:Upanishads
283:Tirukkuṟaḷ
116:Ten Idylls
92:Kuṟuntokai
85:Kalittokai
80:Puṟanāṉūṟu
24:Topics in
2814:Phonology
2786:Lexis and
2752:Koleḻuttu
2692:Tamil and
2605:Agattiyam
2562:Iraichchi
2511:Tirumurai
2506:Tēmpāvaṉi
2240:Old Tamil
2155:. BRILL.
1997:Paripāṭal
1397:Paripatal
1389:Paripatal
1378:Paripatal
1365:Paripatal
1352:Paripatal
1339:and 4 to
1333:Kottravai
1311:Paripatal
1300:Magh Mela
1276:Paripāṭal
1252:Vaishnava
1240:Paramatma
1226:and 9 to
1216:Paripāṭal
1176:akapporul
1166:) in the
1139:Paripādal
1038:Tirumurai
968:Kamasutra
727:Bhagavata
708:Bhavishya
693:Brahmānda
650:Vyakarana
519:Chandogya
495:Rig vedic
455:Divisions
443:Yajurveda
355:Tirumuṟai
324:Kainnilai
223:Nālaṭiyār
104:Paripāṭal
73:Akanāṉūṟu
40:Agattiyam
2679:Yerambam
2441:Classics
2296:Dialects
2173:(1992).
1549:See also
1408:Examples
1282:and the
1211:Contents
1148:பரிபாடல்
1090:Timeline
947:Shastras
830:Ramayana
732:Naradiya
665:Jyotisha
633:Vedangas
582:Mandukya
500:Aitareya
472:Aranyaka
467:Brahmana
438:Samaveda
378:a series
376:Part of
97:Natṟiṇai
2788:grammar
2735:Scripts
2706:Sinhala
2701:English
2639:History
2582:Ullurai
2353:Negombo
2233:History
1535:flowers
1533:kaṭampu
1516:Murugan
1424:Murugan
1361:Murugan
1345:Tirumal
1341:Madurai
1331:, 1 to
1329:Murugan
1325:Tirumal
1292:Murugan
1288:Tirumal
1256:Tirumal
1224:Murugan
1188:Murugan
823:Itihasa
678:Puranas
655:Nirukta
645:Chandas
640:Shiksha
615:Tantras
587:Prashna
577:Mundaka
462:Samhita
433:Rigveda
350:Tevaram
2861:Events
2726:Korean
2610:Nannūl
2577:Thinai
2545:Poetry
2363:Jaffna
2303:Indian
2183:
2159:
2138:
2121:
2107:
2086:
2051:
2021:
1977:
1940:
1913:
1857:
1830:
1800:
1773:
1736:
1709:
1665:
1623:
1430:Vishnu
1385:Vishnu
1357:Vishnu
1343:. The
1337:Vaikai
1315:Sangam
1296:Vaikai
1264:Alvars
1260:Moksha
1232:Vishnu
1228:Vaigai
1180:Bhakti
1078:Stotra
951:sutras
786:Skanda
762:Matsya
747:Vamana
737:Garuda
722:Vishnu
688:Brahma
605:Agamas
563:Maitri
409:Smriti
404:Shruti
190:Sangam
2721:Malay
2572:Puram
2557:Venpa
2552:Kural
1222:8 to
1156:Tamil
1144:Tamil
781:Linga
776:Shiva
757:Kurma
742:Padma
660:Kalpa
553:Katha
426:Vedas
365:edit
319:Elāti
2852:Moḻi
2777:Arwi
2567:Akam
2400:Arwi
2181:ISBN
2157:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2105:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2049:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1911:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1828:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1663:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1359:and
1350:The
1307:raga
1198:Date
1186:and
1136:The
949:and
796:Agni
791:Vayu
543:Isha
524:Kena
415:List
2847:ISO
2587:Ulā
1755:Tai
1514:To
1432:):
2915::
2033:^
1869:^
1812:^
1761:,
1647:^
1605:^
1584:^
1541:–
1518::
1266:.
1146::
380:on
2218:e
2211:t
2204:v
2189:.
2165:.
2144:.
2113:.
2092:.
2057:.
2027:.
1983:.
1946:.
1919:.
1863:.
1836:.
1806:.
1779:.
1742:.
1715:.
1671:.
1629:.
1502:—
1162:(
1142:(
1125:e
1118:t
1111:v
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