405:
1378:
anthology is likely a late Sangam literature, states
Zvelebil, separated from the earliest Sangam work by at least three centuries. This is evidenced by the linguistic and grammatical innovations, and its mention of mural paintings in temples and other cultural innovations. Takanobu Takahashi concurs
1213:
According to Prof S. Vaiyapuri Pillai, former Reader of the
University of Madras, has stated that Paripadal may belong to the 3rd or 4th century period as Madurai was called Nan-Mada-k-koodal during the reign of Abisheka Pandya, who ruled the Pandya country in the 3rd or 4th century A.D. Hence,
1205:, a Tamil literature and history scholar. This is the only anthology in the Eight Anthologies collection that is predominantly religious, though the other seven anthologies do contain occasional mentions and allusions to gods, goddesses and legends.
1365:
manuscripts suggest that it was not purely an abstract literary work, rather a guide for devotional songs to be sung. The poems also mention temples and shrines, thereby suggesting that the Tamil people had already built temples for
1189:) and does not fall under the general classification of verses. It has a minimum of 25 lines and a maximum of 400 lines. It is an "akam genre", odd and hybrid collection which expresses love in the form of religious devotion (
1414:
in 1918. A French translation was published in 1968 by François Gros. English translations of the collection has been published by
Seshadri, Hikosaka et al. in 1996, as well as partly by Muthukumar and Segram in 2012.
1768:
per the Tamil calendar (= Magh in northern Hindu calendar, January/February), particularly at the end of month
Markali, and the poem also alludes to rebirths and merits in previous lives;
1334:
anthology, this collection also includes dialogue-based poems. Beyond the 24 surviving poems, from the fragmentary records about the other 46 original poems, 1 additional poem was to
1316:
The compilation is attributed to 13 poets, and each poem has a notable colophon. In these colophons, in addition to the poet's name is included the music and tune (melodic mode,
1289:
anthology originally contained 70 poems, of which 24 have survived in full and few others have survived in fragments into the modern era as evidenced by the quotes in the
1313:), as well as water sports, offerings of prayers at the river banks, playful lover's quarrel where the wife accuses her husband of bathing with his mistress.
1134:
2128:
Selby, Martha Ann (2011) Tamil Love Poetry: The Five
Hundred Short Poems of the Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, an Early Third-Century Anthology. Columbia University Press,
2083:
Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana
Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - Reprinted by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983)
1379:
that this is a late Sangam work, and adds that the poems were likely composed over several generations over 100–150 years (3rd century CE).
2546:
1755:, Quote: "seventy poems dedicated to gods Tirumal (Visnu), Cevvel (Murukan) and the goddess, the river Vaiyai (presently known as Vaikai)."
186:
1406:, while the poems dedicated to Vaikai (Vaiyai) river are "unbriddled celebration of sensuality and love". The first Tamil edition of
2483:
2468:
2227:
1127:
286:
174:
1711:
2716:
2711:
2435:
2063:
2033:
1952:
1925:
1869:
1842:
1812:
1785:
1748:
1721:
1677:
1635:
2903:
1989:
1383:
suggests this Sangam anthology may be from about the 6th century. The poems allude to many pan-Indian legends, such as the
310:
212:
181:
1120:
2929:
2526:
889:
133:
2195:
2171:
2150:
2133:
2119:
2098:
1424:
1257:. He is also known as Māyavan, Māmiyon, Netiyōn, and Māl in Sangam literature. A reference to "Mukkol Pakavars" in
2944:
2878:
2635:
262:
2275:
857:
138:
238:
2721:
245:
2220:
1694:
169:
2752:
2511:
845:
90:
250:
2934:
2893:
2731:
1083:
884:
348:
17:
1391:
collection may be the early buds of transitional poems that flowered into the Bhakti movement poetry.
2898:
2355:
1328:
anthologies. The typical poems have 60 lines, and the longest surviving poem has 140 lines. Like the
1249:. He is regarded to be the only deity who enjoyed the status of Paramporul (achieving a oneness with
274:
375:
145:
2736:
2640:
2368:
2320:
2270:
1644:
1008:
1003:
568:
548:
2888:
2862:
2536:
2213:
1273:. During the post-Sangam period, his worship was further glorified by the poet-saints called the
1106:
988:
939:
317:
162:
157:
2625:
2430:
1575:
1387:(churning of cosmic ocean), Vishnu devotee Prahlada's struggle, Shiva and Murugan legends. The
914:
708:
573:
83:
63:
2088:
1775:
78:
2656:
2363:
2325:
2185:
2053:
1859:
1411:
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820:
225:
119:
2684:
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1269:
was glorified as "the supreme deity", whose divine lotus feet could burn all evil and grant
322:
2939:
2478:
2373:
993:
558:
515:
388:
281:
269:
257:
107:
2005:
Shu
Hikosaka; K.G. Seshadri; John Samuel (1996). P. Thiagarajan and K. G. Seshadri (ed.).
8:
2767:
2726:
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1565:
929:
529:
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217:
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305:
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293:
233:
150:
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1808:
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1744:
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1673:
1631:
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1325:
1258:
1178:
1170:
998:
968:
934:
872:
713:
597:
587:
71:
43:
36:
2810:
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1073:
1023:
944:
909:
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703:
655:
205:
1736:
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2908:
2831:
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2473:
2389:
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2140:
2109:
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2006:
1942:
1915:
1832:
1802:
1738:
1667:
1625:
1380:
1190:
1063:
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670:
563:
298:
2815:
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2181:
1202:
1166:
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833:
553:
534:
102:
2630:
55:
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2340:
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200:
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1430:
1230:
1194:
1182:
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904:
852:
806:
801:
458:
396:
353:
1713:
Encyclopaedia of
Oriental Philosophy and Religion: A Continuing Series--
2762:
2516:
1410:
from palm-leaf manuscripts discovered in 19th century was published by
1330:
1254:
1078:
500:
487:
126:
95:
1358:
devotional poems are the earliest and described in most Poetic terms.
2857:
2615:
2572:
2521:
2250:
1339:
1310:
1262:
1250:
1048:
978:
879:
453:
365:
334:
50:
2620:
2021:
2004:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1830:
1800:
1773:
1665:
2689:
1895:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1343:
1298:
1265:
saints were holding
Tridanda and were prominent during the period.
840:
675:
482:
477:
448:
404:
414:
329:
2592:
2205:
1878:
1526:
1434:
1371:
1351:
1302:
1266:
1234:
1198:
1013:
957:
688:
665:
650:
643:
472:
443:
360:
1780:. Penguin Books. pp. 103–105 with notes on "Lines 184–91".
1593:
2587:
1737:
A. K. Ramanujan; Vinay
Dharwadker; Stuart H. Blackburn (2004).
1440:
1395:
1367:
1355:
1335:
1274:
1270:
1242:
1238:
1088:
419:
1429:
There are two poems depicted as example, one in the praise of
1297:. Of the 24 full poems that have survived, 7 are dedicated to
2567:
2114:. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
1961:
1394:
According to V. N. Muthukumar and Elizabeth Rani Segran, the
961:
436:
2787:
2410:
1320:) for the poem, as well as the composer of that music. The
1309:. The nine river-related poems mention bathing festivals (
1404:"earliest and finest representations of devotional genre"
1229:
currently has 24 survived and in that 7 are dedicated to
2163:
The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India
1913:
1185:, Paripadal is a kind of verse dealing only with love (
1653:, pp. 31–33, 47, 53, 55, 57, 60, 87, 99, 123–124.
2025:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
1834:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
1804:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
1777:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
1669:
The River Speaks: The Vaiyai Poems from the Paripatal
2187:
Companion studies to the history of Tamil literature
2138:
2111:The archaeology of seafaring in ancient South Asia
1947:. Oxford University Press. pp. 48–49, 67–70.
1901:
1940:
2921:
2022:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1907:
1831:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1826:
1824:
1801:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1774:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1666:V.N. Muthukumar; Elizabeth Rani Segran (2012).
1661:
1659:
1324:poems are longer than the poems in other major
1169:poetic work and traditionally the fifth of the
2159:
2051:
1967:
1889:
1857:
1716:. Global Vision Publishing House. p. 34.
1650:
1623:
1608:
1506:and you are the substance and meaning of all.
2221:
1979:
1245:show his supremacy, and gives him the status
1128:
1864:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 48–49.
1821:
1656:
1619:
1617:
1218:) may belong to the 3rd or 4th century A.D.
2093:. Asian Educational Services. p. 115.
1944:Religious Movements in South Asia, 600-1800
1920:. Oxford University Press. pp. 52–55.
1709:
1451:
2228:
2214:
1730:
1710:Singh, Nagendra Kr; Mishra, A. P. (2005).
1135:
1121:
1614:
1538:But for your grace, for love, for virtue,
1193:) to gods and goddesses predominantly to
2484:Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition
2180:
2058:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 49.
1743:. Oxford University Press. p. 235.
2047:
2045:
14:
2922:
2086:
1740:The collected essays of A.K. Ramanujan
1692:
1488:among the stones, you are the diamond;
1285:The Tamil tradition believes that the
2436:World Classical Tamil Conference 2010
2209:
27:Classic anthology of Tamil literature
2042:
1764:The festive bathing month is called
1445:
213:Tamil history from Sangam literature
2107:
1630:. Penguin Books. pp. 109–110.
24:
2235:
2087:Pillai, M. S. Purnalingam (1994).
25:
2956:
2899:Ancient manuscript digitalisation
2028:. Penguin Books. pp. 15–16.
1984:. Institut Francais D'Indologie.
1699:. T.T. Devasthanams. p. 152.
1914:Karen Pechilis Prentiss (2000).
1807:. Penguin Books. pp. 3–11.
1672:. Penguin Books. pp. 1–17.
1496:in the Veda, you are the secret;
1425:Vaishnavism in Ancient Tamilakam
1214:Paripadal which praises Koodal (
403:
2879:Standardisation of Tamil script
2015:
1998:
1973:
1934:
1851:
1837:. Penguin Books. pp. 1–7.
1542:O god with the rich garland of
1536:not for gold, not for pleasure;
1498:among elements, the primordial;
1794:
1758:
1703:
1686:
1500:in the burning sun, the light;
1280:
13:
1:
2142:Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics
2108:Ray, Himanshu Prabha (2003).
2011:. Institute of Asian Studies.
1586:
1163:the paripadal-metre anthology
1696:108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams
1502:in moonshine, its sweetness;
1492:among virtues, you are love;
1305:, and nine to river goddess
1301:(Krishna, Vishnu), eight to
31:
7:
2753:Megalithic graffiti symbols
2512:Nālāyira Tivviya Pirapantam
2139:Takanobu Takahashi (1995).
1559:
1534:We pray you not for wealth,
1486:in blossoms, the fragrance;
1418:
1221:
10:
2961:
2894:Printing in Tamil language
1941:David N. Lorenzen (2004).
1484:In fire, you are the heat;
1422:
397:Hindu scriptures and texts
349:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
2930:Tamil-language literature
2871:
2850:
2824:
2796:
2745:
2702:
2665:
2649:
2606:
2555:
2492:
2451:
2444:
2423:
2398:
2382:
2354:
2313:
2306:
2243:
1475:அனைத்தின் உட்பொருளும் நீ;
1452:
1158:
373:
340:
223:
192:
125:
70:
61:
42:
34:
2641:Tamil Lexicon dictionary
2321:Bangalore Tamil dialects
1917:The Embodiment of Bhakti
1398:devotional poems in the
2889:Simplified Tamil script
2537:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2160:Kamil Zvelebil (1973).
2052:Kamil Zvelebil (1974).
1902:Takanobu Takahashi 1995
1858:Kamil Zvelebil (1974).
1624:A.K. Ramanujan (2005).
1548:with rolling clusters!
1469:வெஞ் சுடர் ஒளியும் நீ;
1374:in the Sangam era. The
1208:
1107:Timeline of Hindu texts
940:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2945:Tamil Hindu literature
2626:Purapporul Venbamaalai
2431:World Tamil Conference
1980:François Gros (1968).
1693:Ramesh, M. S. (1997).
1627:Hymns for the Drowning
1576:Eighteen Greater Texts
1557:
1482:
1471:திங்களுள் அளியும் நீ;
1463:மறத்தினுள் மைந்து நீ;
1459:சொல்லினுள் வாய்மை நீ;
1457:கல்லினுள் மணியும் நீ;
1449:
915:Eighteen Greater Texts
287:Tiṇaimālai Nūṟṟaimpatu
64:Eighteen Greater Texts
2657:Yāḻpāna Vaipava Mālai
2326:Central Tamil dialect
2276:Proto-South Dravidian
2190:. BRILL. p. 73.
1531:
1515:Paripadal, iii: 63-68
1461:அறத்தினுள் அன்பு நீ;
1455:பூவினுள் நாற்றம் நீ;
1412:U. V. Swaminatha Iyer
1216:Koodal Azhagar temple
920:Eighteen Lesser Texts
226:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2722:Indo-Aryan languages
2547:Tamil Ganaptya texts
2479:List of Sangam poets
2424:Global organizations
1519:—F Gros, K Zvelebil
1467:பூதத்து முதலும் நீ;
1261:indicates that only
1241:. The poems of Lord
2727:Dravidian languages
2527:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
1968:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
1892:, pp. 124–125.
1890:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
1651:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
1611:, pp. 123–124.
1609:Kamil Zvelebil 1973
1566:Ancient Tamil music
1494:in valour—strength;
1453:தீயினுள் தெறல் நீ;
930:Iraiyanar Akapporul
890:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
636:Related Hindu texts
218:Ancient Tamil music
134:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2884:Tanittamil Iyakkam
2837:Tamil onomatopoeia
2464:Tamil books of Law
2145:. BRILL Academic.
175:Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
2935:Sangam literature
2917:
2916:
2904:Formation of CICT
2698:
2697:
2675:Asthana Kolahalam
2459:Sangam literature
2419:
2418:
2065:978-3-447-01582-0
2035:978-81-8475-694-4
1954:978-0-19-566448-5
1927:978-0-19-535190-3
1904:, pp. 17–19.
1871:978-3-447-01582-0
1844:978-81-8475-694-4
1814:978-81-8475-694-4
1787:978-81-8475-694-4
1750:978-0-19-566896-4
1723:978-81-8220-072-2
1679:978-81-8475-694-4
1637:978-0-14-400010-4
1581:Sangam literature
1571:Eight Anthologies
1523:
1522:
1490:in speech, truth;
1259:Sangam literature
1179:Sangam literature
1171:Eight Anthologies
1165:) is a classical
1145:
1144:
935:Abhirami Anthadhi
873:Sangam literature
726:Vaishnava puranas
382:
381:
378:
342:Bhakti Literature
275:Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu
187:Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
182:Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai
72:Eight Anthologies
44:Sangam literature
37:Sangam literature
16:(Redirected from
2952:
2811:Tamil honorifics
2542:Vinayagar Agaval
2507:Kampa Irāmāyaṉam
2469:Five Great Epics
2449:
2448:
2311:
2310:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2177:
2156:
2125:
2104:
2090:Tamil Literature
2070:
2069:
2055:Tamil Literature
2049:
2040:
2039:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1991:978-8-18996-8359
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1876:
1875:
1861:Tamil Literature
1855:
1849:
1848:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1477:
1476:
1465:வேதத்து மறை நீ;
1446:
1160:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1074:Gheranda Samhita
1024:Sushruta Samhita
945:Vinayagar Agaval
910:Five Great Epics
885:Divya Prabandham
816:
782:
728:
610:Other scriptures
583:
544:
525:
468:
407:
384:
383:
374:
282:Aintinai Eḻupatu
270:Aintiṇai Aimpatu
263:Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu
251:Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu
206:Sangam landscape
32:
21:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2909:Project Madurai
2867:
2851:Transliteration
2846:
2832:Tamil phonology
2820:
2798:
2792:
2773:Pallava grantha
2741:
2705:other languages
2704:
2694:
2668:natural science
2667:
2666:Mathematics and
2661:
2645:
2608:
2602:
2551:
2494:
2488:
2474:Ponniyin Selvan
2440:
2415:
2394:
2390:Malaysian Tamil
2383:Southeast Asian
2378:
2350:
2302:
2271:Proto-Dravidian
2239:
2234:
2204:
2198:
2182:Zvelebil, Kamil
2174:
2153:
2122:
2101:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2020:
2016:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1879:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1763:
1759:
1751:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1708:
1704:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1594:
1589:
1562:
1554:Pari. v.: 78–81
1550:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1427:
1421:
1385:samudra manthan
1381:A. K. Ramanujan
1283:
1224:
1211:
1201:. According to
1181:. According to
1141:
1112:
1111:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1044:Divya Prabandha
1019:Charaka Samhita
1004:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
964:
950:
949:
905:Kamba Ramayanam
880:Saiva Tirumurai
875:
865:
864:
836:
826:
825:
812:
778:
724:
691:
681:
680:
646:
631:
630:
611:
603:
602:
579:
540:
521:
503:
493:
492:
464:
439:
422:
311:Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu
239:Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2816:Tamil numerals
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2685:Kaṇita Tīpikai
2682:
2680:Kaṇakkatikāram
2677:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:Tamil language
2233:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2178:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2136:
2126:
2120:
2105:
2099:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2041:
2034:
2014:
1997:
1990:
1972:
1970:, p. 124.
1960:
1953:
1933:
1926:
1906:
1894:
1877:
1870:
1850:
1843:
1820:
1813:
1793:
1786:
1770:Pari. 11:88–92
1757:
1749:
1729:
1722:
1702:
1685:
1678:
1655:
1643:
1636:
1613:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1532:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1510:
1509:
1480:
1473:அனைத்தும் நீ;
1420:
1417:
1282:
1279:
1223:
1220:
1210:
1207:
1203:Kamil Zvelebil
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:Ramcharitmanas
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:Pramana Sutras
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:Mimamsa Sutras
991:
989:Samkhya Sutras
986:
981:
976:
971:
969:Dharma Shastra
965:
956:
955:
952:
951:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
861:
860:
850:
849:
848:
837:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
821:Devi Bhagavata
814:Shakta puranas
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
780:Shaiva puranas
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
722:
721:
716:
711:
709:Brahmavaivarta
706:
701:
694:Brahma puranas
692:
687:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
647:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
629:
628:
623:
618:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
595:
590:
577:
576:
571:
569:Shvetashvatara
566:
561:
556:
551:
549:Brihadaranyaka
538:
537:
532:
519:
518:
513:
504:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
440:
435:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
423:
417:
409:
408:
400:
399:
393:
392:
380:
379:
371:
370:
368:
363:
357:
356:
351:
345:
344:
338:
337:
332:
326:
325:
323:Mutumoḻikkānci
320:
318:Ciṟupañcamūlam
314:
313:
308:
302:
301:
296:
290:
289:
284:
278:
277:
272:
266:
265:
260:
254:
253:
248:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
221:
220:
215:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
194:Related topics
190:
189:
184:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
148:
146:Malaipaṭukaṭām
142:
141:
136:
130:
129:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
68:
67:
59:
58:
53:
47:
46:
40:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2957:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2842:Tamil prosody
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:Tamil grammar
2804:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Tamil Braille
2781:
2779:
2778:Modern script
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Brahmin Tamil
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Madurai Tamil
2339:
2337:
2336:Madras Bashai
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:Second Sangam
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:Tamil Sangams
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2199:
2197:90-04-09365-6
2193:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2173:90-04-03591-5
2169:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2152:90-04-10042-3
2148:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2134:9780231150651
2131:
2127:
2123:
2121:9780521011099
2117:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2100:81-206-0955-7
2096:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1530:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1481:
1478:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1433:and other of
1432:
1426:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:, 17 more to
1345:
1341:
1338:, 23 more to
1337:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:) during the
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1217:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1069:Shiva Samhita
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:Yoga Vasistha
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:Vastu Shastra
1032:
1030:
1029:Natya Shastra
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Brahma Sutras
982:
980:
977:
975:
974:Artha Shastra
972:
970:
967:
966:
963:
959:
954:
953:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
869:
868:
859:
856:
855:
854:
851:
847:
844:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
830:
829:
822:
819:
818:
817:
815:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
781:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:Varaha Purana
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
727:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
690:
685:
684:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:
640:
639:
635:
634:
627:
624:
622:
621:Bhagavad Gita
619:
617:
614:
613:
607:
606:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
582:
581:Atharva vedic
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
543:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
524:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
502:
497:
496:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
467:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
438:
433:
432:
427:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
411:
410:
406:
402:
401:
398:
395:
394:
390:
386:
385:
377:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
343:
339:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
222:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
171:
170:Paṭṭiṉappālai
168:
167:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:Maturaikkāñci
149:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu
137:
135:
132:
131:
128:
124:
121:
120:Patiṟṟuppattu
118:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
73:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
54:
52:
49:
48:
45:
41:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2758:Tamil-Brahmi
2636:Caturakarāti
2609:dictionaries
2607:Grammars and
2502:Cīrappurānam
2346:Nellai Tamil
2296:Third Sangam
2286:First Sangam
2266:Manipravalam
2261:Modern Tamil
2256:Middle Tamil
2186:
2162:
2141:
2110:
2089:
2077:Bibliography
2054:
2024:
2017:
2007:
2000:
1982:Le Paripatal
1981:
1975:
1963:
1943:
1936:
1916:
1909:
1897:
1860:
1853:
1833:
1803:
1796:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1739:
1732:
1712:
1705:
1695:
1688:
1668:
1646:
1626:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1540:these three,
1533:
1524:
1514:
1504:you are all,
1483:
1450:
1439:To Tirumal (
1438:
1428:
1407:
1403:
1402:are some of
1399:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1362:
1360:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1295:Purattirattu
1294:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1247:Para Brahman
1226:
1225:
1212:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1039:Panchatantra
999:Nyāya Sūtras
895:Thiruppugazh
813:
811:
779:
777:
725:
723:
693:
580:
578:
541:
539:
522:
520:
505:
465:
463:
341:
246:Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu
224:
193:
163:Neṭunalvāṭai
158:Mullaippāṭṭu
114:
62:
29:
2940:Tamil music
2631:Tolkāppiyam
2532:Thiruppugal
2331:Kongu Tamil
1431:Maha Vishnu
1291:Tolkappiyam
1281:Description
1231:Maha Vishnu
1195:Maha Vishnu
1183:Tolkappiyam
1084:Vedantasara
1009:Yoga Sutras
925:Aathichoodi
858:Historicity
853:Mahabharata
846:Historicity
542:Yajur vedic
459:Atharvaveda
354:Ramavataram
306:Ācārakkōvai
299:Tirikaṭukam
258:Kār Nāṟpatu
79:Aiṅkurunūṟu
56:Tolkāppiyam
2924:Categories
2768:Vatteluttu
2495:literature
2493:Devotional
2445:Literature
2399:Sociolects
2369:Batticaloa
2356:Sri Lankan
1587:References
1423:See also:
1331:Kalittokai
1255:Sangam age
1175:Ettuthokai
1161:, meaning
1079:Panchadasi
1064:Swara yoga
900:Tirukkuṟaḷ
714:Markandeya
559:Taittiriya
523:Sama vedic
516:Kaushitaki
501:Upanishads
488:Upanishads
294:Tirukkuṟaḷ
127:Ten Idylls
103:Kuṟuntokai
96:Kalittokai
91:Puṟanāṉūṟu
35:Topics in
18:Paripaatal
2825:Phonology
2797:Lexis and
2763:Koleḻuttu
2703:Tamil and
2616:Agattiyam
2573:Iraichchi
2522:Tirumurai
2517:Tēmpāvaṉi
2251:Old Tamil
2166:. BRILL.
2008:Paripāṭal
1408:Paripatal
1400:Paripatal
1389:Paripatal
1376:Paripatal
1363:Paripatal
1350:and 4 to
1344:Kottravai
1322:Paripatal
1311:Magh Mela
1287:Paripāṭal
1263:Vaishnava
1251:Paramatma
1237:and 9 to
1227:Paripāṭal
1187:akapporul
1177:) in the
1150:Paripādal
1049:Tirumurai
979:Kamasutra
738:Bhagavata
719:Bhavishya
704:Brahmānda
661:Vyakarana
530:Chandogya
506:Rig vedic
466:Divisions
454:Yajurveda
366:Tirumuṟai
335:Kainnilai
234:Nālaṭiyār
115:Paripāṭal
84:Akanāṉūṟu
51:Agattiyam
2690:Yerambam
2452:Classics
2307:Dialects
2184:(1992).
1560:See also
1419:Examples
1293:and the
1222:Contents
1159:பரிபாடல்
1101:Timeline
958:Shastras
841:Ramayana
743:Naradiya
676:Jyotisha
644:Vedangas
593:Mandukya
511:Aitareya
483:Aranyaka
478:Brahmana
449:Samaveda
389:a series
387:Part of
108:Natṟiṇai
2799:grammar
2746:Scripts
2717:Sinhala
2712:English
2650:History
2593:Ullurai
2364:Negombo
2244:History
1546:flowers
1544:kaṭampu
1527:Murugan
1435:Murugan
1372:Murugan
1356:Tirumal
1352:Madurai
1342:, 1 to
1340:Murugan
1336:Tirumal
1303:Murugan
1299:Tirumal
1267:Tirumal
1235:Murugan
1199:Murugan
834:Itihasa
689:Puranas
666:Nirukta
656:Chandas
651:Shiksha
626:Tantras
598:Prashna
588:Mundaka
473:Samhita
444:Rigveda
361:Tevaram
2872:Events
2737:Korean
2621:Nannūl
2588:Thinai
2556:Poetry
2374:Jaffna
2314:Indian
2194:
2170:
2149:
2132:
2118:
2097:
2062:
2032:
1988:
1951:
1924:
1868:
1841:
1811:
1784:
1747:
1720:
1676:
1634:
1441:Vishnu
1396:Vishnu
1368:Vishnu
1354:. The
1348:Vaikai
1326:Sangam
1307:Vaikai
1275:Alvars
1271:Moksha
1243:Vishnu
1239:Vaigai
1191:Bhakti
1089:Stotra
962:sutras
797:Skanda
773:Matsya
758:Vamana
748:Garuda
733:Vishnu
699:Brahma
616:Agamas
574:Maitri
420:Smriti
415:Shruti
201:Sangam
2732:Malay
2583:Puram
2568:Venpa
2563:Kural
1233:8 to
1167:Tamil
1155:Tamil
792:Linga
787:Shiva
768:Kurma
753:Padma
671:Kalpa
564:Katha
437:Vedas
376:edit
330:Elāti
2863:Moḻi
2788:Arwi
2578:Akam
2411:Arwi
2192:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2116:ISBN
2095:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2030:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1370:and
1361:The
1318:raga
1209:Date
1197:and
1147:The
960:and
807:Agni
802:Vayu
554:Isha
535:Kena
426:List
2858:ISO
2598:Ulā
1766:Tai
1525:To
1443:):
2926::
2044:^
1880:^
1823:^
1772:,
1658:^
1616:^
1595:^
1552:–
1529::
1277:.
1157::
391:on
2229:e
2222:t
2215:v
2200:.
2176:.
2155:.
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1994:.
1957:.
1930:.
1874:.
1847:.
1817:.
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1682:.
1640:.
1513:—
1173:(
1153:(
1136:e
1129:t
1122:v
20:)
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