Constitution of India

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council, headed by the Prime Minister. In practice, this means that President's role is mostly ceremonial, with the Prime Minister exercising executive power because the President is obligated to act on the Prime Minister's wishes. The President does retain the power to ask the council to reconsider its advice, however, an action the President may take publicly. The council is not required to make any changes before resubmitting the advice to the President, in which case the President is constitutionally required to adhere to it, overriding the President's discretion. Previous Presidents have used this occasion to make public statements about their reasoning for sending a decision back to the council, in an attempt to sway public opinion. This system, with an executive who only possesses nominal power and an official "advisor" who possess actual power, is based on the British system and is a result of colonial influences on India before and during the writing of its constitution.

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for the purpose of drafting a constitution so important to us at this moment has not been given to it by the Drafting Committee. The House is perhaps aware that of the seven members nominated by you, one had resigned from the House and was replaced. One died and was not replaced. One was away in America and his place was not filled up and another person was engaged in State affairs, and there was a void to that extent. One or two people were far away from Delhi and perhaps reasons of health did not permit them to attend. So it happened ultimately that the burden of drafting this constitution fell on Dr. Ambedkar and I have no doubt that we are grateful to him for having achieved this task in a manner which is undoubtedly commendable.

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begun abusing the ordinance system to enact laws that could not pass both Houses of Parliament, according to some commentators. This appears to be more common with divided government; when the Prime Minister's party controls the lower house but not the upper house, ordinances can be used to avoid needing the approval of the opposition in the upper house. In recent years, around ten ordinances have been passed annually, though at the peak of their use, over 30 were passed in a single year. Ordinances can vary widely on their topic; recent examples of ordinances include items as varied as modifications to land owner rights, emergency responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, and changes to banking regulations.

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practice. Once appointed, a Governor serves for a five-year term or can be replaced by the President at any time, if asked to do so by the Prime Minister. Because the Union government can remove a Governor at any time, it is possible that Governors may act in a way the Union Government wants, to the detriment of their state, so that they can maintain their office. This has become a larger issue as the State Legislatures are often controlled by different parties than that of the Union Prime Minister, unlike the early years of the constitution. For example, Governors have used stalling tactics to delay giving their assent to legislation that the Union Government disapproves of.

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concerning the future independent constitution. More importantly, it rested on a detailed draft constitution adopted in 1928 by the All Parties Conference that met in Lucknow. The draft, known as the "Nehru Report," was written by a seven-member committee, chaired by Motilal Nehru. ... The committee was appointed during the May 1928 meeting of the All Parties Conference, which included representatives of all the major political organizations in India, including the All-India Hindu Mahasabha, the All-India Muslim League, the All-India Liberal Federation, the States' Peoples Conference, The Central Khalifat Committee, the All-India Conference of Indian Christians, and others.

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elect and appoint these representatives in the Council of States. On most topics the Rajya Sabha is coequal with the lower house or Lok Sabha, and its consent is required for a bill to become a law. Additionally, as one of the Houses of Parliament, any amendment to the Constitution requires a two-thirds majority in the Rajya Sabha to go into effect. These provisions allow the States significant impact on national politics through their representation in the "federal chamber".

4404:(suffix) to develop several new terms for scientific and parliamentary use. The terminology was subsequently approved by an All India Committee of Linguistic Experts, representing thirteen languages: Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Odia (then spelled as Oriya), Assamese, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Kashmiri, and Urdu. The vocabulary developed for Hindi later served as a base for translating the constitution into several other Indic languages. 15015: 15063: 9707: 15075: 15027: 42: 13518: 2048: 13528: 15087: 2360: 381: 2125: 9651: 2308: 15051: 69: 4297:, "The Indian constitution is first and foremost a social document, and is aided by its Parts III & IV (Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles of State Policy, respectively) acting together, as its chief instruments and its conscience, in realising the goals set by it for all the people." The constitution has deliberately been worded in generalities (not in vague terms) to ensure its flexibility. 15039: 4255:

legislative power rests with Parliament, the President's signature on an international agreement does not bring it into effect domestically or enable courts to enforce its provisions. Article 253 of the Constitution bestows this power on Parliament, enabling it to make laws necessary for implementing international agreements and treaties. These provisions indicate that the Constitution of India is

4305:, said that a constitution's "great outlines should be marked, its important objects designated, and the minor ingredients which compose those objects be deduced from the nature of the objects themselves." A document "intended to endure for ages to come", it must be interpreted not only based on the intention and understanding of its framers, but in the existing social and political context. 3796:. Amendments are additions, variations or repeal of any part of the constitution by Parliament. An amendment bill must be passed by each house of Parliament by a two-thirds majority of its total membership when at least two-thirds are present and vote. Certain amendments pertaining to the constitution's federal nature must also be ratified by a majority of state legislatures. 4037:, or lower House of Parliament. If the Prime Minister does not have the support of a majority, the Lok Sabha can pass a motion of no confidence, removing the Prime Minister from office. Thus the Prime Minister is the member of parliament who leads the majority party or a coalition comprising a majority. The Prime Minister governs with the aid of a 3876:

not protect any one provision of the constitution. According to the doctrine, the constitution's basic features (when "read as a whole") cannot be abridged or abolished. These "basic features" have not been fully defined, and whether a particular provision of the constitution is a "basic feature" is decided by the courts.

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Minister still retained a majority vote in the Lok Sabha, however, this could trigger a constitutional crisis because the same article of the Constitution states that the Council of Ministers is responsible to the Lok Sabha and must command a majority in it. In practice the issue has never arisen, though President

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In 1948, nearly two years after the formation of the Constituent Assembly, Rajendra Prasad entrusted Raghu Vira and his team to translate the English text of the Constitution into Hindi. Raghu Vira, using Sanskrit as a common base akin to the role of Latin in European languages, applied the rules of

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The Constitution includes treaty making as part of the executive power given to the President. Because the President must act in accordance with the advice of the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister is the chief party responsible for making international treaties in the Constitution. Because the

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While the states have separate legislative and executive branches, they share the judiciary with the Union government. This is different from other federal court systems, such as the United States, where state courts mainly apply state law and federal courts mainly apply federal law. Under the Indian

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While the State List mentioned above provides powers for the States, there are two other lists in the Seventh Schedule that generally weaken them. These are the Union and Concurrent lists. The Union List is the counterpart to the State List, containing the areas of exclusive jurisdiction of the Union

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and became a sovereign, democratic republic with the constitution. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392, 393, and 394 of the constitution came into force on 26 November 1949, and the remaining articles became effective on 26 January 1950 which is celebrated every year in

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At the Union level, the States are represented in the Rajya Sabha or Council of States. The Fourth Schedule of the Constitution lays out the number of seats that each State controls in the Council of States, and they are based roughly on each State's population. The members of each state legislature

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decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Punjab could not restrict any fundamental rights protected by the basic structure doctrine. The extent of land ownership and practice of a profession, in this case, were considered fundamental rights. The ruling was overturned with the ratification

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If the Indian constitution is our heritage bequeathed to us by our founding fathers, no less are we, the people of India, the trustees and custodians of the values which pulsate within its provisions! A constitution is not a parchment of paper, it is a way of life and has to be lived up to. Eternal

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that have the force of law. These ordinances expire six weeks after Parliament reconvenes or sooner if both Houses disapprove. The Constitution declares that ordinances should only be issued when circumstances arise that require "immediate action." Because this term is not defined, governments have

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In such situations, the Supreme Court (or a high court) determines if a law is in conformity with the constitution. If such an interpretation is not possible because of inconsistency (and where separation is possible), the provision which is inconsistent with the constitution is considered void. In

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ruled that an amendment cannot destroy what it seeks to modify; it cannot tinker with the constitution's basic structure or framework, which are immutable. Such an amendment will be declared invalid, although no part of the constitution is protected from amendment; the basic structure doctrine does

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Mr. President, Sir, I am one of those in the House who have listened to Dr. Ambedkar very carefully. I am aware of the amount of work and enthusiasm that he has brought to bear on the work of drafting this Constitution. At the same time, I do realise that that amount of attention that was necessary

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In general the influence of the Union on State politics via the Governor is limited, however, by the fact that the Governor must listen to the advice of the Chief Minister of the State who needs to command a majority in the State Legislature. There are key areas where the Governor does not need to

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the Union and State-level governments may legislate on. These topics include courts and criminal law, unions, social security, and education. In general, when the Union and State laws on a Concurrent List item conflict, the Union-level laws prevail. The only way for the State-level law to override

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Nevertheless, partition increased the dominance of the Congress Party in the constituent assembly, which in turn made it easier for its leadership to incorporate in the constitution elements of its vision of Indian unity. This vision was based on a decades-long period of Congress-led consultation

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in 2020. The former was particularly opposed by some e.g. Arundhati Roy. In her opinion, Jammu and Kashmir was a full state, and the legislation creating Ladakh stripped the area of its status as a state and downgraded it to a Union Territory, allowing the Union Government to directly control it.

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The first article of the Constitution declares that India is a "Union of States". Under the Constitution, the States retain key powers for themselves and have a strong influence over the national government via the Rajya Sabha. However, the Constitution does provide key limits on their powers and

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Despite the President's mandate to obey the advice of the Prime Minister and the council, Article 75 declares that both "shall hold office during the pleasure of the President." This means the President has the constitutional power to dismiss the Prime Minister or Council at anytime. If the Prime

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While the Constitution gives the legislative powers to the two Houses of Parliament, Article 111 requires the President's signature for a bill to become law. Just as with the advice of the council, the President can refuse to sign and send it back to the Parliament, but the Parliament can in turn

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The President is chosen by an electoral college composed of the members of both the national and state legislatures. Article 55 outlines the specifics of the electoral college. Half of the votes in the electoral college are assigned to state representatives in proportion to the population of each

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The judiciary is the final arbiter of the constitution. Its duty (mandated by the constitution) is to act as a watchdog, preventing any legislative or executive act from overstepping constitutional bounds. The judiciary protects the fundamental rights of the people (enshrined in the constitution)

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Although the last article of the constitution is Article 395, the total number in March 2013 was 465. New articles added through amendments have been inserted in the relevant location of the original constitution. To not disturb the original numbering, new articles are inserted alphanumerically;

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The Constitution provides the States with a long list of powers exclusive to their jurisdiction. Generally only State Legislatures are capable of passing laws implementing these powers; the Union government is prohibited from doing so. These powers are contained in the second list of the Seventh

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The courts are expected to remain unaffected by pressure exerted by other branches of the state, citizens or interest groups. An independent judiciary has been held as a basic feature of the constitution, which cannot be changed by the legislature or the executive. Article 50 of the Constitution

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Originally Articles mentioned here were immune from judicial review on the ground that they violated fundamental rights, but in a landmark judgement in 2007, the Supreme Court of India held in I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu and others that laws included in the 9th schedule can be subject to

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process is triggered when an amendment to the Constitution specifically concerns the States by modifying the legislature or the powers reserved to the states in the Seventh Schedule. When this occurs, an amendment must be ratified by a majority of state legislatures for the amendment to go into

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Despite the Prime Minister exercising executive power in practice, the constitution bestows all the national government's executive power in the office of the President. This de jure power is not exercised in reality, however. Article 74 requires the President follow the "aid and advice" of the

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All pre-constitutional laws, if they conflict wholly or in part with the constitution, shall have all conflicting provisions deemed ineffective until an amendment to the constitution ends the conflict; the law will again come into force if it is compatible with the constitution as amended (the

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Perhaps the most direct power over the States is the Union's ability to unilaterally create new states out of territories or existing states and to modify and diminish the boundaries of existing states. To do so, Parliament must pass a simple law with no supermajority requirements. The States

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The Governor of each State is given the executive power of the respective State by the Constitution. These Governors are appointed directly by the President of the central government. Because the Prime Minister acts via the President, the Prime Minister is the one who chooses the Governors in

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Powers can only be permanently removed from the State List via a constitutional amendment approved by a majority of the states. The Rajya Sabha, as the representative of the States, can temporarily remove an item from the State List so the Union parliament can legislate on it. This requires a

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constitution, the High Courts of the States are directly constituted by the national constitution. The constitution also allows states to set up lower courts under and controlled by the state's High Court. Cases heard at or appealed to the High Courts can be furter appealed to the

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Schedule of the Constitution, known as the State List. The areas on the State List are wide-ranging and include topics like public health and order and a variety of taxes. The State List grants the states control over the police, healthcare, agriculture, elections, and more.

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requirement for amendments to pass, the Indian constitution is the world's most frequently-amended national governing document. The constitution is so specific in spelling out government powers that many amendments address issues dealt with by statute in other democracies.

1402:, divided the former Constituent Assembly in two. The Amendment act of 1935 is also a very important step for making the constitution for two new born countries. Each new assembly had sovereign power to draft and enact a new constitution for the separate states. 4266:, the Court held that "the rules of international law are incorporated into national law and considered to be part of the national law, unless they are in conflict with an Act of Parliament." In essence, this implies that international law applies domestically 7628: 12778: 4045:

to the House of the People" or Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha interprets this article to mean that the entire Council of Ministers can be subjected to a no confidence motion. If a no confidence motion succeeds, the entire Council of Ministers must resign.

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judicial review if they violated the fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 14, 15, 19, 21 or the basic structure of the Constitution – I.R. Coelho (dead) by L.Rs. v. State of Tamil Nadu and others(2007) 2 S.C.C. 1

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The Constitution was in 22 Parts originally. Part VII & IX (older) was repealed in 1956, whereas newly added Part IVA, IXA, IXB & XIVA by Amendments to the Constitution in different times (lastly added IXB by the 97th

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The Indian constitution is the world's longest for a sovereign nation. At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution—after the

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Before adopting the constitution, the assembly held eleven sessions in 165 days. On 26 November 1949, it adopted the constitution, which was signed by 284 members. The day is celebrated as National Law Day, or

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Commentary on the constitution of India : (being a comparative treatise on the universal principles of justice and constitutional government with special reference to the organic instrument of India)

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permits the president to dismiss a state government and assume direct authority if a situation arises in which state government cannot be conducted in accordance with constitution. This power, known as

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was formed to examine a constitutional update. The commission submitted its report on 31 March 2002. However, the recommendations of this report have not been accepted by the consecutive governments.

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At 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly, committees were proposed. Rau's draft was considered, debated and amended by the eight-person drafting committee, which was appointed on 29 August 1947 with

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By the 73rd and 74th Amendments, the lists of administrative subjects of Panchayat raj & Municipality were included in the Constitution as Schedules 11 and 12 respectively in the year 1993.

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government, where the states are prohibited from legislating. Items on the Union List include the national defense, international relations, immigration, banking, and interstate commerce.

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The executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government receive their power from the constitution and are bound by it. With the aid of its constitution, India is governed by a

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Article – The Inner Conflict of Constitutionalism: Judicial Review and the 'Basic Structure' (Book – India's Kiving Constitution: Ideas, Practices, Controversies)

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Recent Supreme Court decisions have begun to change this convention, incorporating aspects of international law without enabling legislation from parliament. For example, in

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in some cases. All cases, whether dealing with federal or state laws, move up the same judicial hierarchy, creating a system sometimes termed integrated federalism.

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When either or both Houses of Parliament are not in session, the Prime Minister, acting via the President, can unilaterally exercise the legislative power, creating

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Although the last article of the 1974 Constitution of Yugoslavia was Article 406, the Yugoslav constitution contained about 56,000 words in its English translation

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widened Article 31C and added Articles 368(4) and 368(5), stating that any law passed by Parliament could not be challenged in court. The Supreme Court ruled in

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The constitution was drawn from a number of sources. Mindful of India's needs and conditions, its framers borrowed features of previous legislation such as the

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In addition to exerting influence over the amendment process via the Rajya Sabha, the States are sometimes involved in the amendment process. This special,

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On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of B. R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India

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with India, and the British Government continued to be responsible for the external security of the country. Thus, the constitution of India repealed the

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The amended constitution has a preamble and 470 articles, which are grouped into 25 parts. With 12 schedules and five appendices, it has been amended

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the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly who prepared a rough draft of the Constitution for the consideration of Drafting Committee.

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heed the advice of the Chief Minister. For example, the Governor can send a bill to president for consideration instead of signing it into law.

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from infringement by any state body, and balances the conflicting exercise of power between the central government and a state (or states).

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While deliberating the revised draft constitution, the assembly moved, discussed and disposed off 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635.

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The Constitution came into force. (The process took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days—at a total expenditure of ₹6.4 million to finish.)

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Art. 21 – "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law"

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involved do not have a say on the outcome but the State Legislature must be asked to comment. The most recent state to be created was

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Scheduled Areas are autonomous areas within a state, administered federally and usually mainly populated by a Scheduled Tribe.

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Last meeting of Constituent Assembly. The Constitution was signed and accepted (with 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, and 22 Parts).

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translation of the Indian Constitution is notably the first translation among Indian languages. This task was undertaken by

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This implies that Parliament can only amend the constitution to the limit of its basic structure. The Supreme Court or a

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as chair. A revised draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the assembly on 4 November 1947.

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parliament says it does not. This decision moves the Indian Constitution to a more hybrid regime, but not to a fully

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Additionally, any powers not on any of the three lists are reserved for the Union government and not for the states.

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The assembly's final session convened on 24 January 1950. Each member signed two copies of the constitution, one in

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Schedules are lists in the constitution which categorise and tabulate bureaucratic activity and government policy.

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Article – Law and the Poor: Some Recent Developments in India (Book – Criminal Law and Criminology)

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that judicial review is a basic characteristic of the constitution, overturning Articles 368(4), 368(5) and 31C.

4005: 3820: 3631: 1258: 322: 6429: 3995:, the Supreme Court was not allowed to preside over any laws adopted during a state of emergency which infringe 3936:

provides that the state must take measures to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services.

1792:. The day was chosen to spread the importance of the constitution and to spread thoughts and ideas of Ambedkar. 1531:, laying down the underlying principles of the constitution. This later became the Preamble of the Constitution. 15107: 14969: 13145: 12903: 12483: 10970: 9767: 7896:"Congress mulls using Article 254(2) to bypass farm laws: All you need to know about the rarely-used provision" 7742: 5777: 4690: 4054:

state and the other half are assigned to the national representatives. The voting is conducted using a secret,

3746: 3082: 2343: 1770: 1336: 1103: 364: 8181: 5747: 1810:

and the other in English. The original constitution is hand-written, with each page decorated by artists from

14939: 14908: 13457: 12888: 12751: 12513: 12307: 12224: 12063: 11813: 11489: 11449: 11193: 10451: 5269: 3701: 3554: 3032: 1427: 1413: 1188: 1158: 1053: 8204: 7153: 5499: 14959: 14615: 13966: 13573: 13402: 13367: 13322: 12898: 12793: 12473: 12365: 12265: 12184: 11735: 11183: 10939: 9625: 6083: 4705: 3904: 3526: 3502: 2283: 1972: 1917: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1371: 1344: 1340: 1192: 352: 348: 6816:"Pages 311 & 312 of original judgement: A. K. Roy, Etc vs Union Of India And Anr on 28 December, 1981" 15112: 14805: 14192: 13841: 13292: 13287: 13182: 12955: 12645: 12503: 12360: 11991: 11986: 11798: 11344: 11188: 11168: 10897: 10649: 10288: 10184: 10179: 10146: 10078: 9878: 9726: 9562: 9047:"Manipur: Indian Constitution published in Meetei-Mayek script, CM N Biren Singh releases Diglot edition" 8065: 3977:

Laws made after the adoption of the constitution must be compatible with it, or they will be deemed void

3728: 3165: 1517:

as constitutional legal adviser. (There were initially 389 members in total, which declined to 299 after

1139: 14001: 7553: 2075: 1176: 14993: 14540: 14092: 13809: 13804: 13412: 13387: 13302: 13282: 13232: 13202: 13192: 13116: 13052: 12589: 12557: 12478: 11957: 11818: 11740: 11609: 11594: 11557: 11444: 11339: 11299: 11056: 11025: 10934: 10612: 10567: 10526: 10500: 9834: 9827: 9822: 9750: 9647: 4038: 3646: 3037: 1965: 1827: 1659: 1571: 1204: 1150: 1058: 8755: 7122: 3987:

addition to Article 13, Articles 32, 226 and 227 provide the constitutional basis for judicial review.

3744:, was abused as state governments came to be dismissed on flimsy grounds for political reasons. After 3389:

Lists India's states and territories, changes in their borders and the laws used to make that change.

1319:

from 1858 to 1947. From 1947 to 1950, the same legislation continued to be implemented as India was a

15132: 14515: 14212: 14087: 13926: 13866: 13498: 13377: 13372: 13252: 12910: 12650: 12488: 12461: 12390: 12325: 12239: 12211: 12008: 11907: 11604: 11429: 11279: 11091: 10995: 10912: 10707: 10669: 10639: 10495: 10418: 9975: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9789: 8908:"Manipur: Constitution of India will be published in Meetei Mayek script, announces CM N Biren Singh" 6877: 5087: 4658: 4602: 4526: 4499: 4480: 4433: 4429: 4282: 3766: 2101:

National legislative power to implement treaties, even on matters outside normal federal jurisdiction

2091: 2020: 1699: 1663: 1622: 1593: 1510: 1154: 242: 8838: 7859: 14800: 14775: 14312: 14011: 13991: 13851: 13711: 13669: 13442: 13392: 13347: 13327: 13317: 13217: 13174: 13094: 12579: 12435: 12410: 12179: 11808: 11760: 11750: 11710: 11700: 11334: 11289: 11249: 11223: 11203: 10980: 10929: 10887: 10768: 10752: 10531: 10510: 10482: 10368: 10151: 10131: 10059: 9911: 9883: 9582: 7252: 7248: 4908: 4675: 4670: 4654: 4558: 4277: 4171:

the national one is with the consent of the President, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister.

4055: 3958: 3945: 3908: 3860: 3815:

to pass a constitutional amendment. During a parliamentary recess, the president cannot promulgate

3793: 3724: 3693: 3062: 3057: 2239: 2028: 1995: 1938: 1789: 1703: 1626: 1579: 1438:) took almost three years to draft the constitution holding eleven sessions over a 165-day period. 1383: 1379: 1375: 1083: 1078: 272: 220: 7059:. National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution. 26 September 2001. Archived from 6675: 5717:"On Republic Day, Gautam Khaitan remembers great-grandfather, an architect of Indian Constitution" 3750:, such a course of action is more difficult since the courts have asserted their right of review. 1499:

became temporary president. (Demanding a separate state, the Muslim League boycotted the meeting.)

1418: 15117: 14520: 14490: 14227: 14207: 14042: 13951: 13674: 13664: 13654: 13644: 13417: 13332: 13312: 13197: 13187: 13089: 12682: 12670: 12640: 12302: 12249: 12023: 11793: 11745: 11636: 11599: 11589: 11584: 11329: 11254: 11178: 10654: 10446: 10283: 10169: 9948: 9873: 9772: 9755: 9733: 5960: 4522: 4495: 4024: 3846: 3642: 3111: 2153: 2052: 2036: 2001: 1949: 1815: 1583: 1250: 1242: 192: 132: 9706: 4312:" guaranteed under Article 21 has been expanded to include a number of human rights, including: 3911:. This is typical of parliamentary governments, where the judiciary checks parliamentary power. 14745: 14655: 14650: 13891: 13830: 13722: 13649: 13639: 13462: 13397: 13362: 13297: 13277: 13267: 13227: 13212: 13207: 13037: 12677: 12633: 12508: 12440: 12430: 12395: 12033: 12028: 11877: 11690: 11685: 11631: 11552: 11322: 11317: 11294: 11130: 10617: 10402: 10311: 10303: 10216: 10023: 10018: 9856: 9814: 9782: 7341: 5829: 4243: 4219: 3872: 3732: 3685: 3612: 3540: 3158: 2323: 2177: 2129: 2008: 1795: 1671: 1289: 212: 8607: 7256: 7083: 6987: 6924: 6859: 6523: 5855: 14883: 14710: 14495: 14440: 14272: 14232: 14037: 13956: 13901: 13886: 13836: 13824: 13701: 13503: 13422: 13382: 13357: 13337: 13272: 13237: 13222: 12998: 12871: 12856: 12725: 12702: 12420: 12270: 12194: 12146: 12136: 11725: 11673: 11099: 11020: 10949: 10944: 10737: 10702: 10644: 10560: 10441: 10247: 9189: 8583: 8559: 8449:"Are the Indian Courts Still Following the Constitutional Principle of Dualism? Not Quite So" 6004: 5803: 4530: 4488: 4476: 4349:

vigilance is the price of liberty and in the final analysis, its only keepers are the people.

3709: 3705: 3669: 2312: 1976: 1735: 7240: 7034: 6916: 6461:"Is the Alabama Constitution the longest constitution in the world?Truth Rating: 4 out of 5" 1146:, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in the world. 14795: 14750: 14685: 14630: 14575: 14460: 14365: 14322: 14277: 14197: 14097: 13941: 13846: 13696: 13342: 13307: 13262: 12783: 12518: 12456: 12425: 12415: 12375: 12370: 12109: 12048: 11902: 11695: 11678: 11155: 10490: 10345: 10136: 10042: 8126: 7767: 7158: 5529: 4685: 4598: 4030: 3673: 3608: 3137:, with the words "socialist", "secular" and 'integrity' added in 1976 by the 42nd amendment 2014: 1932: 1742: 1597: 1557: 1496: 1442: 1357: 1212: 1191:

on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950. The constitution replaced the

1143: 216: 187: 129: 9596: 6785: 6754: 6723: 4744:

Article 21A, pertaining to the right to education, was inserted by the 86th Amendment Act.

4378:, a distinguished linguist, scholar, politician, and member of the Constituent Assembly. 3965:. The constitution is the supreme power of the nation, and governs all laws. According to 8: 14780: 14725: 14610: 14605: 14500: 14480: 14405: 14202: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14147: 13986: 13472: 13074: 13067: 13062: 12861: 12798: 12788: 12584: 12552: 12523: 11917: 11872: 11836: 11755: 11562: 11539: 11312: 11135: 10907: 10816: 10221: 9901: 9745: 9679: 9655: 9534: 9025:"Manipur CM N Biren Singh Launches Diglot Edition of Constitution in Meitei Mayek Script" 8928:"Constitution Will Be Published In Meetei Mayek Script, Announces Manipur CM Biren Singh" 7573:"Under the Constitution, does the President have the right to remove the Prime Minister?" 6525:

Preamble of the Constitution of India: An Insight and Comparison with Other Constitutions

5450: 4097: 3842: 3741: 3689: 3649:, which aids and advises the president in the performance of their constitutional duties. 2259: 2047: 1488: 1162: 200: 171: 166: 8528: 8497: 6252: 3672:, supreme constitution; a three-tier governmental structure (central, state and local); 307: 14964: 14810: 14730: 14660: 14645: 14555: 14545: 14455: 14445: 14430: 14415: 14395: 14370: 14242: 14187: 13911: 13881: 13776: 13756: 13706: 13604: 13018: 13003: 12970: 12920: 12883: 12660: 12623: 12493: 12400: 12355: 12350: 12189: 12174: 12153: 12083: 12058: 12003: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11579: 11079: 10954: 10924: 10877: 10844: 10659: 10541: 10472: 10433: 10242: 10101: 9777: 9721: 8864: 8589: 8565: 8418: 8266: 8151: 7682: 7654: 6403: 6126: 5565: 4710: 4236: 4020: 3996: 3697: 3681: 3624: 3067: 1891: 1723: 1647: 1518: 1435: 1277: 1223: 1088: 159: 8593: 8569: 1461:

The credit that is given to me does not really belong to me. It belongs partly to Sir

15031: 14954: 14785: 14770: 14670: 14565: 14525: 14450: 14355: 14327: 14287: 14112: 13896: 13856: 13819: 13781: 13761: 13751: 13634: 13624: 13527: 13057: 13047: 13042: 12945: 12930: 12665: 12547: 12542: 12405: 12385: 12380: 12292: 12287: 12104: 12053: 11864: 11663: 11527: 11228: 10882: 10372: 10252: 9503: 9484: 9465: 9446: 9427: 9405: 9383: 9355: 9327: 9308: 9289: 9261: 9242: 9223: 8889:"Digital Edition Of Constitution In Meetei Mayek Script Soon: Manipur Chief Minister" 8869: 8843: 8719: 8709: 8613: 8422: 8410: 8258: 8212: 7686: 7674: 7456: 7307: 7299: 7270: 7260: 7241: 7212: 7202: 7163: 7089: 6993: 6992:((2006)Second Impression (2002)First ed.). Delhi: Permanent Black. p. 187. 6928: 6917: 6883: 6843:"Colonial Cousins: Explaining India and Canada's Unwritten Constitutional Principles" 6702: 6529: 6465: 6330:"Constitution Day: Borrowed features in the Indian Constitution from other countries" 6053: 6045: 5921: 5447:"The Constituent Assembly Debates (Proceedings) (9 December 1946 to 24 January 1950)" 5353: 5314: 5184: 5060: 5050: 5008: 5000: 4850: 4680: 4614: 4562: 4550: 4460: 4390: 4145: 4084: 3816: 1727: 1655: 1575: 1553: 1320: 1196: 257: 237: 144: 9531:"The Constituent Assembly Debates (Proceedings): 9 December 1946 to 24 January 1950" 7060: 6952: 6197:"November 26 to be observed as Constitution Day: Facts on the Constitution of India" 14974: 14888: 14765: 14735: 14715: 14690: 14680: 14620: 14530: 14475: 14470: 14360: 14282: 14107: 14062: 14047: 13971: 13946: 13916: 13679: 13619: 12985: 12940: 12935: 12835: 12808: 12655: 12466: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12280: 12169: 12124: 11945: 11854: 11626: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11484: 11213: 11173: 11104: 10806: 10634: 10624: 10594: 10211: 9839: 9572: 9557: 9215: 8677: 8402: 7666: 6629: 6592: 4808: 4413: 4294: 3584: – Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 2205: 1944: 1835: 1799: 1715: 1679: 1643: 1528: 1308: 10266: 8178:"About UT Administration | UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu | India" 3723:

has its own government. Analogous to the president and prime minister, each has a

1457:

in his concluding speech in constituent assembly on 25 November 1949 stated that:

15079: 15002: 14923: 14913: 14815: 14720: 14665: 14580: 14560: 14380: 14350: 14345: 14302: 14292: 14257: 14252: 14217: 14142: 14067: 13906: 13629: 13084: 13008: 12950: 12915: 12596: 12574: 12498: 12275: 11399: 11394: 11384: 11377: 11145: 11000: 10985: 10811: 10694: 9694: 9419: 9397: 8697: 5916: 5530:"Dr B.R. Ambedkar concluding speech in constituent assembly on November 25, 1949" 5092: 4786: 4695: 4546: 4511: 4456: 4341: 4326: 3950: 3720: 3634:: the duty of preserving, protecting, and defending the constitution and the law. 3572: – The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 3442: 3415:

Forms of oaths – Lists the oaths of office for elected officials and judges

3052: 2198: 2149: 2104: 1839: 1746: 1667: 1651: 1506: 1492: 1281: 1219: 1073: 8977:"Manipur Chief Minister releases diglot edition of Constitution in Meetei Mayek" 15091: 15043: 14755: 14705: 14695: 14675: 14640: 14600: 14585: 14307: 14237: 14222: 14162: 14152: 13981: 13871: 13741: 13716: 13691: 13589: 13542: 13111: 13079: 13025: 12975: 12965: 12866: 12687: 12569: 12345: 11480: 11208: 11198: 11010: 10919: 10872: 10867: 10839: 10796: 10791: 10727: 8756:"A Tragedy That Struck Sanskrit, Hindi, Hinduism, And Cultural Legacy of India" 7338:"The Hindu : Front Page : President appoints Manmohan Prime Minister" 5412: 4638: 4484: 3754: 1903: 1879: 1781: 1719: 1639: 1567: 1454: 1324: 1180: 101: 9101:"Manipur CM Biren Releases Indian Constitution In Manipuri Language In Imphal" 8406: 7085:

Indian Politics and Society Since Independence: Events, Processes and Ideology

6986:

Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (2002). Hasan, Zoya; Sridharan, E.; Sudarshan, R. (eds.).

3345: – Temporary, transitional and special provisions – Articles 369 to 392 15101: 14700: 14625: 14590: 14550: 14465: 14435: 14425: 14410: 14297: 14267: 14247: 13976: 13521: 13013: 12876: 12601: 12119: 12078: 11406: 11362: 11259: 10834: 10773: 10742: 10722: 10717: 9500:

The Constitution of India: Popular Sovereignty and Democratic Transformations

8873: 8860:"Constitution to be published in Meetei Mayek script: Manipur CM Biren Singh" 8723: 8414: 8262: 8216: 7678: 7303: 7274: 7216: 7167: 6226: 6049: 5969: 5925: 5004: 4880: 4661:. It contains up to the One hundred and fifth Amendment of the Constitution. 4582: 4570: 4515: 4298: 4256: 4215: 3827: 3665: 3305: – Special provisions relating to certain classes – Articles 330 to 342 1960: 1897: 1819: 1687: 1543: 1170: 154: 46: 9604: 8390: 7384: 7311: 6057: 5309:

Elster, Jon; Gargarella, Roberto; Naresh, Vatsal; Rasch, Bjørn Erik (2018).

5118: 5064: 5012: 1481:

Formation of the Constitution Assembly (in accordance with French practice).

15055: 14903: 14790: 14420: 14385: 14375: 14317: 14117: 14021: 13931: 13921: 13686: 13614: 13599: 12129: 12099: 11646: 11109: 10826: 10712: 10198: 10161: 10109: 7836: 4540: 4505: 3758: 3684:. It also possesses unitary features such as a single constitution, single 3677: 2278: 2220: 1922: 1811: 1749:

was later elected president. It met for the first time on 9 December 1946.

1711: 1691: 1682:

were key figures in the assembly, which had over 30 representatives of the

1328: 1304: 1297: 1135: 81: 9573:

Ministry of Law and Justice of India – The Constitution of India Page

8682: 8665: 8645:

Narain, Vrinda. "Water as a Fundamental Right: A Perspective from India".

2184:

Quasi-federal government—a federal system with a strong central government

15019: 15007: 14510: 14390: 14082: 13861: 13609: 13531: 13030: 12234: 11849: 11844: 11572: 11389: 11372: 11264: 10892: 10859: 10801: 10783: 10747: 9943: 9004:

Biren Singh Launches Digital Edition Of Constitution In Manipuri Language

6563:"Legal experts say debating Preamble of Constitution pointless, needless" 6359: 5965: 4700: 4594: 4166:

The final list is the Concurrent List which contains the topics on which

4117: 3812: 3616: 3427: 3255: – Relations between the Union and the States – Articles 245 to 263 3153: 2296: 2068: 1927: 1823: 1675: 1332: 1316: 1312: 175: 15074: 15026: 13137: 9258:

Preamble of the Constitution of India : An Insight & Comparison

8270: 8246: 8152:"Introduction | The Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh | India" 7057:"A Consultation Paper on the Financial Autonomy of the Indian Judiciary" 6953:"India's New Constitutionalism: Two Cases That Have Reshaped Indian Law" 6500: 41: 15067: 15014: 14760: 14535: 14485: 14400: 14052: 13936: 13771: 12073: 11965: 11367: 11051: 10849: 10423: 9689: 9684: 8478: 7655:"Decree Power in Parliamentary Systems: Theory and Evidence from India" 4375: 4072: 3804: 3661: 3047: 3042: 2192: 2188: 1990: 1731: 1068: 1063: 227: 126: 121: 6815: 5748:"Republic Day: The Lawyers who helped draft the Constitution of India" 4075:

threatened to remove Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi from office in 1987.

3596: – The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003 14740: 14635: 14595: 14570: 14505: 14167: 14157: 14057: 11567: 10194: 10070: 9906: 9239:

Working a Democratic Constitution: A History of the Indian Experience

7294: 6670: 6368: 6040: 5912:"Document for all ages: Why Constitution is our greatest achievement" 5180: 5046: 4995: 4715: 4626: 4203: 4034: 3979: 3907:

may declare the amendment null and void if this is violated, after a

3808: 3653: 3590: – The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 3465: 2086: 1909: 1758: 1707: 1514: 1472: 1352: 1262: 1231: 326: 207: 196: 179: 15062: 11140: 9567: 3489:

Central government, state, and concurrent lists of responsibilities

1629:(the lower house of Parliament) after India turned into a republic. 14102: 13746: 11970: 11005: 8948:"Manipur: Constitution to be soon published in Meetei-Mayek script" 8177: 7670: 7088:(First ed.). Oxon(UK), New York (US): Routledge. p. 103. 6397:"Evolution and Philosophy behind the Indian Constitution (page 22)" 4396: 3652:

Under Article 75(3): the Council of Ministers is answerable to the

3264: 2160: 1831: 1462: 1399: 1348: 1254: 1234: 1211:

in Article 395. India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as

15086: 4882:

Original edition with original artwork - The Constitution of India

3397:

59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 221

3283: – Services under the union and states – Articles 308 to 323 3128:

The constitution's articles are grouped into the following parts:

2359: 2245:

Ideals of justice (social, economic and political) in the preamble

1600:

was also elected as second vice-president of Constituent Assembly.

1441:

In the constitution assembly, a member of the drafting committee,

1347:

when it became effective on 26 January 1950. India ceased to be a

380: 14262: 9517:

Sharma, Dinesh; Singh, Jaya; Maganathan, R.; et al. (2002).

9190:"Constitution of India in Tamil | Legislative Department | India" 8705: 7487:"Parts of the Indian Constitution that were 'inspired by' others" 7198: 4851:"Doctrine of Basic Structure – Constitutional Law" 4782: 4650: 4613:

The Constitution of India was first translated from English into

4581:

The Constitution of India was first translated from English into

4455:

The Constitution of India was first translated from English into

4425: 4412:

The Constitution of India was first translated from English into

3473: 3469: 3353: – Short title, date of commencement, authoritative text in 2254: 2145: 1606:

The Constitution of India was passed and adopted by the assembly.

1293: 1246: 1238: 1227: 8391:"India and international law: formal dualism, functional monism" 4210:

was created as a new Union Territory after being split off from

13786: 10552: 9675:

Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties

9516: 8024:"Recurring Controversy About Governor's Role in State Politics" 7229:

Lectures By Professor Parmanad Singh, Jindal Global Law School.

5302: 4554: 4534: 4472: 4384: 4358:

The Constitution of India is translated into only a few of the

4207: 3275: – Trade and commerce within India – Articles 301 to 307 2172: 2124: 1327:

for these three years, as each princely state was convinced by

8529:"Principle of Constitutional Interpretation: Some Reflections" 6923:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 6364:"How India Borrowed From the US Constitution to Draft its Own" 5083:"Which country has the world's shortest written constitution?" 9650: 4371: 3999:

under article 32 (the right to constitutional remedies). The

3688:, an integrated judiciary, a flexible constitution, a strong 3529:

provisions for members of Parliament and state legislatures.

3461: 3354: 3239: – Co-operative societies – Articles 243(ZH) to 243(ZT) 2307: 1851: 1807: 1695: 1487:

The first meeting was held in the constitution hall (now the

1296:

to prepare the Constitution of India, which was known as the

1200: 330: 74: 8479:"Gramophone Company of India Ltd. v Birendra Bahadur Pandey" 5210:. Supreme Court of India. 12 September 2002. p. 18/30. 12730: 9352:

Need to Amend a Constitution and Doctrine of Basic Features

6946: 6944: 6879:

Need to Amend a Constitution and Doctrine of Basic Features

5308: 4136:

two-thirds vote and lasts for a renewable one-year period.

4553:

and English, at the Cabinet hall of the CM Secretariat in

4264:

Gramophone Company of India Ltd. v Birendra Bahadur Pandey

4103:

gives final say in many cases to the national government.

3849:

to recommend legal reforms, facilitating the rule of law.

3753:

The 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts introduced the system of

3716:. This unique combination makes it quasi-federal in form. 3460:

Provisions made for the administration of tribal areas in

3247: – Scheduled and tribal areas – Articles 244 to 244A 1183:

and Constitution of India on a 2015 postage stamp of India

8816:"Manipur Govt to Publish Indian Constitution in Manipuri" 6227:"Original unamended constitution of India, January, 1950" 3430:(upper house of Parliament) by state or union territory. 1570:

as its chairman. The other six members of committee were

1195:

as the country's fundamental governing document, and the

6941: 6595:. Ministry of Law and Justice of India. 28 August 1976. 5956:"BN Rau: The Forgotten Architect of Indian Constitution" 4728: 3836:

Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah Commission

3668:

in spirit. It has features of a federation, including a

3400:

Lists the salaries of public officials, judges, and the

9568:

Original Unamended version of the Constitution of India

9279:. Vol. 1–2. S. C. Sarkar & Sons (Private) Ltd. 3883:

decision laid down the constitution's basic structure:

9095: 9093: 8666:"Making social rights conditional: Lessons from India" 7571:

Das Gupta, Surajeet; Badhwar, Inderjit (15 May 1987).

7201:: LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. p. 921. 5665:"Civics and Polity: The Making of Indian Constitution" 5121:. Ministry of Law and Justice of India. 29 July 2008. 1718:

were members of the assembly. Female members included

1165:) and was adopted by its people with a declaration in 14991: 11779:

Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

6153:"On National Law Day, saluting two remarkable judges" 4815:

at p. 50, have been authoritatively quoted many times

4785:, identified in the Constitution, who are struggling 4353: 4062:

send it back to the President who must then sign it.

3337: – Amendment of the Constitution – Articles 368 1846:. The estimated cost of the Constituent Assembly was 7999:"The Institution of Governor Under the Constitution" 6701:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill Education. p. 3.2. 4885:. New Delhi: Government of India. 26 November 1949. 3807:), there is no provision for a joint session of the 3321: – Emergency provisions – Articles 352 to 360 3233: – Municipalities – Articles 243(P) to 243(ZG) 1434:. The 389-member assembly (reduced to 299 after the 9090: 8738:"Constituent Assembly Discussions on July 30, 1949" 7653:Aney, Madhav S.; Dam, Shubhankar (1 October 2021). 6985: 6957:

Boston College International Comparative Law Review

4106: 3211: – States in the B part of the first schedule 2033:

President as commander-in-chief of the armed forces

1861: 1253:. The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a 11627:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 6755:"Bommai verdict has checked misuse of Article 356" 6561:Chishti, Seema; Anand, Utkarsh (30 January 2015). 5205:"Aruna Roy & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors" 4078: 4065: 1473:Timeline of formation of the Constitution of India 9533:. The Parliament of India Archive. Archived from 9371:The Constitution of India: How it Has Been Framed 8971: 8969: 7713:"The ordinance raj of the Bharatiya Janata Party" 6834: 5830:"Interesting Facts About the Indian Constitution" 5778:"The Making and Evolution of Indian Constitution" 5449:. The Parliament of India Archive. Archived from 4029:Chapter 1 of the Constitution of India creates a 3774: 3449:(areas and tribes requiring special protection). 1741:The first, two-day president of the assembly was 15099: 13572: 9426:(reprint) (2nd ed.). Eastern Book Company. 9220:The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation 7570: 5340:The story of the integration of the India states 4813:The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation 4559:Constitution Day celebrations (National Law Day) 3602: 3221: – Union Territories – Articles 239 to 242 1775:president of the United Nations Security Council 7516:Go, Julian (March 2002). "Modeling the State". 6659: 6657: 5242:. Ministry of Law & Justice. Archived from 4227:This required no input from Jammu and Kashmir. 3785:List of amendments of the Constitution of India 3441:Provides for the administration and control of 3412:75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219 9343:The Constitution of India; a Comparative Study 8966: 8708:: Eastern Book Co (published 1 January 2008). 4197:Proposed states and union territories of India 4152: 3953:was adopted by the constitution of India from 2025:Independent judiciary and separation of powers 1430:, which was elected by elected members of the 13558: 13153: 10568: 10086: 9633: 9609: 9563:Original as published in the Gazette of India 6840: 6786:"Protecting secularism and federal fair play" 6630:"The Constitution (Ninety Seventh Amendment)" 6125:. National Informatics Centre. Archived from 5346: 4502:declared that it will be transliterated into 4360:22 scheduled languages of the Indian Republic 4157: 3329: – Miscellaneous – Articles 361 to 367 3267:, contracts and suits – Articles 264 to 300A 3227: – Panchayats – Articles 243 to 243(O) 3090: 1111: 9148:"The Constitution of India in Oriya version" 8205:"Opinion | The Silence Is the Loudest Sound" 6908: 6654: 6593:"Forty-Second Amendment to the Constitution" 6560: 5111: 4801: 4637:The 4th edition of Constitution of India in 4538: 4503: 4464: 4230: 3515:Validation of certain acts and regulations. 2137: 1552:Achieved independence. India split into the 149:Three (Executive, Legislature and Judiciary) 8670:International Journal of Constitutional Law 8612:. New Delhi: Deep & Deep. p. 564. 8498:"The biographer of the Indian constitution" 7287: 7081: 6752: 6528:. New Delhi: Deep & Deep. p. 177. 6497:Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India 6175:"PM Modi greets people on Constitution Day" 5144:Swaminathan, Shivprasad (26 January 2013). 5143: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4177: 1527:An "Objective Resolution" was presented by 1398:. The latter, which led to the creation of 14073:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association 13565: 13551: 13160: 13146: 10575: 10561: 10093: 10079: 9640: 9626: 9382:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. 8774:"Constitution of India in Bengali version" 7151: 6696: 6245: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5313:. Cambridge University Press. p. 64. 5146:"India's benign constitutional revolution" 3289: – Tribunals – Articles 323A to 323B 3205: – The States – Articles 152 to 237 3097: 3083: 2211:Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 1118: 1104: 40: 13167: 11789:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 11669:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 10468:National Judicial Appointments Commission 9443:Introduction to the Constitution of India 9377: 9305:Introduction to the Constitution of India 9241:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 9222:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 8681: 8526: 8021: 7457:"What is India's president actually for?" 7238: 7024: 6914: 6664:Menon, N.R. Madhava (26 September 2004). 4757: 3890:Republican, democratic form of government 3799:Unlike ordinary bills in accordance with 3297: – Elections – Articles 324 to 329A 1537:Objective resolution unanimously adopted. 1207:, its framers repealed prior acts of the 11731:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 9593:Commonwealth Legal Information Institute 9578:Constitution of India as of 29 July 2008 9440: 8495: 7120: 7033:. No. 1–15 Nov 2015. Archived from 6721: 6585: 6458: 6259:. Ministry of Law, Government of India. 6150: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5277:The Journal of Parliamentary Information 5267: 4988: 4838: 4737: 4653:, through the collective efforts of the 4597:, through the collective efforts of the 4549:for 'Meitei writing system') in 4475:, through the collective efforts of the 4428:, through the collective efforts of the 4276: 3313: – Languages – Articles 343 to 351 3199: – The Union – Articles 52 to 151 2266:Suspension of fundamental rights during 1794: 1417: 1272: 1175: 12830: 10733:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 9852:Lieutenant governors and administrators 9349: 9207: 9169:"The Constitution of India in Sanskrit" 8839:"'Indian Constitution in Meetei Mayek'" 8795:"The Constitution of India in Manipuri" 8388: 8384: 8382: 8375:from the original on 13 September 2006. 8357:from the original on 13 September 2006. 8339:from the original on 13 September 2006. 8321:from the original on 13 September 2006. 8303:from the original on 13 September 2006. 8251:The Indian Journal of Political Science 8240: 8238: 8108:from the original on 13 September 2006. 8090:from the original on 13 September 2006. 8072:from the original on 13 September 2006. 8054:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7986:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7968:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7950:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7932:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7884:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7854: 7852: 7850: 7843:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7831: 7829: 7822:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7804:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7749:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7652: 7609:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7560:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7542:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7442:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7421:from the original on 13 September 2006. 7373:from the original on 13 September 2006. 6875: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6084:"CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA DEBATES" 5953: 5562:"First Day in the Constituent Assembly" 5500:"Constituent Assembly of India Debates" 5432: 5405: 5237:"Preamble of the Constitution of India" 5168: 5119:"Introduction to Constitution of India" 4873: 4608: 3426:Details the allocation of seats in the 2291:Amendment procedure of the constitution 1407: 1365: 340:284 members of the Constituent Assembly 14: 15100: 12019:Securities and Exchange Board of India 11126:National Geological Monuments of India 10100: 9418: 9396: 9255: 9236: 9214: 8696: 8663: 8626:from the original on 17 September 2023 8508:from the original on 19 September 2015 8429:from the original on 17 September 2023 8036:from the original on 23 November 2018. 8011:from the original on 23 November 2018. 7762: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7648: 7646: 7451: 7449: 7430: 7428: 7361: 7359: 7102:from the original on 17 September 2023 7006:from the original on 17 September 2023 6896:from the original on 17 September 2023 6808: 6542:from the original on 17 September 2023 6521: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6278: 5909: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5836:. 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The constitution was published in 1586:, Devi Prasad Khaitan and BL Mitter. 1426:The constitution was drafted by the 18:Part IX of the Constitution of India 11814:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 11736:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 11425:Autonomous administrative divisions 9497: 9445:(10th ed.). South Asia Books. 9321: 9307:(10th ed.). South Asia Books. 9178:(in Sanskrit). Government of India. 8804:(in Manipuri). Government of India. 8485:from the original on 18 March 2009. 8395:Indian Journal of International Law 8244: 8202: 7753: 7643: 7446: 7425: 7356: 7152:Venkatesan, V. (10–23 March 2012). 6882:. Wadhwa and Company. p. 568. 6822:from the original on 26 August 2014 6394: 6275: 6253:"The Constitution (Amendment) Acts" 5994: 5910:Dhavan, Rajeev (26 November 2015). 5635:"Making of the Indian Constitution" 5510:from the original on 7 January 2019 5342:. 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(21 January 2016). 4340:, retired Supreme Court Justice 4107:State powers in the Constitution 4014: 3926: 2358: 2306: 2277: 2253: 2219: 2171: 2123: 2085: 2046: 1959: 1878: 1862:Influence of other constitutions 1698:were represented by H. P. Modi. 1489:Central Hall of Parliament House 1303:With the exception of scattered 379: 195:–led cabinet responsible to the 67: 14007:Provisional Government of India 11042:History of India (1947–present) 10386:Chief Judicial Magistrate Court 9521:. Political Science, Class XI. 9380:Constitutional History of India 9341:Dash, Shreeram Chandra (1968). 9157:(in Odia). Government of India. 8389:Chandra, Aparna (1 June 2017). 7808: 7790: 7735: 7705: 7613: 7595: 7564: 7546: 7528: 7509: 7479: 7407: 7377: 7330: 7281: 7232: 7223: 7186: 7145: 7123:"A step in the Wrong Direction" 7114: 7075: 7049: 7018: 6979: 6869: 6777: 6746: 6715: 6690: 6622: 6611: 6554: 6515: 6485: 6452: 6421: 6388: 6352: 6219: 6189: 6167: 6144: 6076: 5988: 5862:. 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Union of India 3921:of the 24th Amendment in 1971. 3660:The constitution is considered 3627:is head of the executive branch 3402:comptroller and auditor general 2554: 2242:to oversee economic development 2111:Joint Session of the Parliament 2098:Freedom of trade between states 1991:Federal structure of government 1386:, the Government of India Acts 575: 13484:British Indian Ocean Territory 11809:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 11761:Special Protection Group (SPG) 11751:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 10412:Alternative dispute resolution 9424:Making of India's Constitution 9402:Making of India's Constitution 8702:Making of India's constitution 7193:Jain, Mahabir Prashad (2010). 6666:"Parliament and the Judiciary" 6036:"Celebrating Constitution Day" 5746:AK, Aditya (26 January 2018). 5604:. Surendranath Evening College 5137: 5045:(5th rev. and enl. ed.). 4691:List of national constitutions 4338:Making of India's Constitution 4288: 4111: 3957:. In the Indian constitution, 3854: 3775:The legislature and amendments 3747:S. R. Bommai v. Union of India 3623:Under Articles 52 and 53: the 2494: 1771:International Court of Justice 515: 13: 1: 12904:Engineering colleges in India 12533:Electronics and semiconductor 11746:National Security Guard (NSG) 11490:World Heritage Sites in India 11078: 10452:National Company Law Tribunal 9601: – online copy 9286:Shorter Constitution of India 7997:Reddy, Jeevan (11 May 2001). 7340:. 3 June 2012. Archived from 6841:Krishnamurthi, Vivek (2009). 6792:. Vol. 14, no. 22. 6761:. Vol. 15, no. 14. 6730:. Vol. 15, no. 14. 6257:India Code Information System 4139: 4126: 4091: 3917:Golak Nath v. State of Punjab 3887:Supremacy of the constitution 3603:Governmental sources of power 3563: 3033:Constituent Assembly of India 2013:Removal of Supreme Court and 1914:Concept of single citizenship 1634: 1414:Constituent Assembly of India 1268: 1189:Constituent Assembly of India 1054:Constituent Assembly of India 14616:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari 13892:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 13574:Indian independence movement 11794:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 11615:State legislative assemblies 11526: 11455:States and union territories 11164:Biogeographic classification 10506:Additional Solicitor General 9981:State legislative assemblies 9583:Constitutional predilections 9441:Rahulrai, Durga Das (1984). 9369:Ghosh, Pratap Kumar (1966). 7162:. Vol. 29, no. 5. 7082:Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2008). 5691:"History Of Indian Tricolor" 5602:Surendranath Evening College 4831: 4706:Rule according to higher law 4316:the right to a speedy trial; 3727:or (in union territories) a 3615:directly accountable to the 3361: 2334: 2319:Procedure established by law 2140:liberté, égalité, fraternité 1996:Impeachment of the President 1986:Preamble to the Constitution 1396:Indian Independence Act 1947 1376:Indian Councils Acts of 1861 1372:Government of India Act 1858 1345:Government of India Act 1935 1341:Indian Independence Act 1947 1249:, and endeavours to promote 1193:Government of India Act 1935 1157:, since it was created by a 353:Indian Independence Act 1947 349:Government of India Act 1935 7: 14806:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya 14193:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 12961:Water supply and sanitation 11944: 11726:Border Security Force (BSF) 11471:National monuments of India 10593: 10289:Minister of Law and Justice 10276:Ministry of Law and Justice 10180:Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 9519:Indian Constitution at Work 9502:. Oxford University Press. 9350:Dhamija, Dr. Ashok (2007). 6915:Jacobsohn, Gary J. (2010). 6697:Laxmikanth, M (2013). "3". 4991:"Celebrate the supreme law" 4664: 4518:') in digital edition. 4153:Limitations on state powers 3991:Due to the adoption of the 3792:dictates the procedure for 3696:by the central government, 3147:The Union and its Territory 1854:. The constitution has had 1752: 1513:as its vice-president and, 251:vice presidential elections 10: 15149: 14541:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi 14093:Indian Independence League 13810:Partition of Bengal (1947) 13805:Partition of Bengal (1905) 12014:Central Statistical Office 11620:State legislative councils 11595:Union Council of Ministers 10263: 10238:Code of Criminal Procedure 9986:State legislative councils 9751:Union Council of Ministers 9288:. 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Archived from 6434:faculty.marianopolis.edu 5997:"The Manu of Our Times?" 4676:Constitutional economics 4671:Constitution Day (India) 4655:Government of Tamil Nadu 4647:"Intiya araciyalamaippu" 4444:Not to be confused with 4206:in 2014. More recently, 4178:Appointment of governors 4056:single transferable vote 4043:collectively responsible 3946:Judicial review in India 3861:Basic structure doctrine 3821:Article 123, Chapter III 3063:Basic structure doctrine 1892:Parliamentary government 1856:more than 100 amendments 1802:signing the constitution 1704:Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer 1627:Speaker of the Lok Sabha 1580:Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer 1292:convened a committee in 1151:constitutional supremacy 1084:Basic structure doctrine 14960:Indian Independence Act 14546:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 14521:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta 14491:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao 14228:Kandukuri Veeresalingam 14208:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai 14043:All-India Muslim League 13997:Royal Air Force strikes 13962:Round table conferences 13952:Chittagong armoury raid 13842:Hindu–German Conspiracy 13825:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy 13595:Porto Grande de Bengala 13494:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 12024:Enforcement Directorate 11485:Indian-origin religions 11476:National parks of India 11285:Highest point by states 11047:Economic liberalisation 10537:Pendency of court cases 10447:National Green Tribunal 10207:Code of Civil Procedure 10170:Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 9589:"Constitution of India" 9479:—— (2004). 9345:. Chaitanya Pub. House. 9322:—— (2002). 9303:—— (1984). 9284:—— (1981). 9237:—— (2003). 8664:Khosla, Madhav (2011). 7860:"Constitution of India" 7659:The Journal of Politics 7518:Southeast Asian Studies 7243:Constitutional Identity 6919:Constitutional Identity 6876:Dhamija, Ashok (2007). 6493:"Constitution of india" 5804:"CONSTITUTION OF INDIA" 5270:"The Parliament Estate" 4914:. Government of India. 4623:"Bhartasya Samvidhanam" 4565:, containing up to the 4539: 4523:Nongthombam Biren Singh 4504: 4496:Nongthombam Biren Singh 4332:the right to education. 4025:Prime Minister of India 3993:Thirty-eighth Amendment 3845:establishes term-based 3611:of government with the 3112:Constitution of Alabama 2295:Election of members of 2007:The institution of the 1950:Parliamentary privilege 1816:Beohar Rammanohar Sinha 1672:Shyama Prasad Mukherjee 1584:N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar 1505:The Assembly appointed 1337:articles of integration 1237:, assures its citizens 1155:parliamentary supremacy 193:Prime Minister of India 133:constitutional republic 14746:Syama Prasad Mukherjee 14651:Purushottam Das Tandon 14017:Praja Mandala movement 13831:The Indian Sociologist 12994:Arts and entertainment 12629:Science and technology 12565:Information technology 12245:Government initiatives 11141:Sacred rivers of India 11131:Sacred groves of India 10685:Science and technology 10403:District Munsiff Court 10217:Christian Personal law 10024:Chief Justice of India 10019:Supreme Court of India 9869:Deputy chief ministers 9783:Central Civil Services 9378:Jayapalan, N. (1998). 9354:. Wadhwa and Company. 9326:. Anmol Publications. 8760:swargvibha.freevar.com 8369:"Part XI, Article 253" 8315:"Part VI, Article 235" 8297:"Part VI, Article 214" 8048:"Part VI, Article 163" 7980:"Part VI, Article 156" 7962:"Part VI, Article 155" 7944:"Part VI, Article 154" 7926:"Part XI, Article 248" 7878:"Part XI, Article 246" 7837:"Part XX, Article 368" 6753:Rajendra Prasad, R.J. 5311:Constituent Assemblies 4591:"Bharater Sangbidhana" 4351: 4285: 4244:Supreme Court of India 4224:single Union Territory 4220:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 4001:Forty-second Amendment 2138: 1858:since it was enacted. 1803: 1692:Anglo-Indian community 1467: 1452: 1423: 1290:All Parties Conference 1285: 1187:It was adopted by the 1184: 108:; 74 years ago 88:; 74 years ago 15108:Constitution of India 14970:Political integration 14711:Shyamji Krishna Varma 14496:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 14441:Bhupendra Kumar Datta 14273:Rettamalai Srinivasan 14233:Mahadev Govind Ranade 14038:All India Kisan Sabha 14002:Coup d'état of Yanaon 13902:Qissa Khwani massacre 13887:Coolie-Begar movement 13702:Second Anglo-Sikh War 13168:Constitutions of Asia 12951:Socio-economic issues 12899:Law colleges in India 12889:Universities in India 12137:Reserve Bank of India 10940:Independence movement 10738:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 10461:Appointment of Judges 10442:Armed Forces Tribunal 10248:History of Indian law 9879:Principal secretaries 9768:Deputy Prime Minister 9498:Sen, Sarbani (2007). 9483:. S. Chand & Co. 9464:. S. Chand & Co. 9420:Khanna, Justice H. R. 8584:McCulloch v. Maryland 8560:McCulloch v. Maryland 8533:(2004) 4 SCC (Jour) 1 8527:Dharmadhikari, D. M. 8245:Dam, Sukumar (1964). 8120:"New State Formation" 7902:. 29 September 2020. 7816:"Part V, Article 107" 7719:. 11 September 2020. 7627:. 27 September 2016. 7603:"Part V, Article 123" 7554:"Part V, Article 111" 6951:Dalal, Milan (2008). 6395:Sridhar, Madabhushi. 6001:The Arun Shourie Site 5860:Constitution of India 4609:Sanskrit translation 4531:Government of Manipur 4521:On 26 November 2023, 4494:On 19 November 2023, 4489:Government of Manipur 4477:Government of Manipur 4459:(officially known as 4422:"Bharoter Songbidhan" 4346: 4280: 4222:were combined into a 3974:Doctrine of Eclipse). 3899:Its federal character 3680:; and an independent 2352:Constitution of India 2065:Nomination of members 1923:Bicameral legislature 1918:Legislative procedure 1798: 1765:who became the first 1736:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit 1666:, Sandipkumar Patel, 1459: 1447: 1432:provincial assemblies 1421: 1276: 1179: 1132:Constitution of India 373:Constitution of India 300:Constitution of India 86:26 November 1949 35:Constitution of India 14796:Veeran Sundaralingam 14751:Tara Rani Srivastava 14686:Sahajanand Saraswati 14576:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi 14461:Chandra Shekhar Azad 14366:Alluri Sitarama Raju 14323:Vitthal Ramji Shinde 14278:Sahajanand Saraswati 14198:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar 14098:Indian National Army 13942:Dharasana Satyagraha 13847:Champaran Satyagraha 13697:First Anglo-Sikh War 13408:United Arab Emirates 12225:Economic development 12069:Voluntary guidelines 12064:Industrial licensing 11194:Environmental issues 10976:Non-Aligned Movement 10753:Seleucid–Mauryan war 10137:Directive Principles 9537:on 29 September 2007 9462:India's Constitution 9460:Pylee, M.V. (1997). 9208:General bibliography 8868:. 18 November 2023. 8606:Gaur, K. D. (2002). 8351:"Part V, Article 73" 8247:"Judiciary in India" 7798:"Part V, Article 80" 7536:"Part V, Article 55" 7436:"Part V, Article 74" 7415:"Part V, Article 53" 7367:"Part V, Article 75" 6362:(27 November 2015). 6185:on 27 November 2015. 6163:on 30 November 2015. 6044:. 26 November 2015. 5453:on 29 September 2007 5179:(Reprint ed.). 5043:India's Constitution 4686:History of democracy 4599:Government of Odisha 4483:. It was written in 4408:Bengali translation 4039:Council of Ministers 4031:parliamentary system 3896:Separation of powers 3714:emergency provisions 3647:Council of Ministers 3609:parliamentary system 3183:– Articles 36 to 51 2115:Preamble terminology 1982:Written constitution 1743:Sachchidananda Sinha 1598:V. T. Krishnamachari 1558:Dominion of Pakistan 1497:Sachchidananda Sinha 1443:T. T. Krishnamachari 1428:Constituent Assembly 1408:Constituent Assembly 1366:Previous legislation 1259:Old Parliament House 1257:-filled case at the 1169:. Parliament cannot 1159:constituent assembly 1144:directive principles 313:on 29 September 2020 139:Government structure 106:26 January 1950 27:Supreme law of India 14781:V. K. Krishna Menon 14726:Subhas Chandra Bose 14611:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 14606:Mohammad Ali Jauhar 14501:Govind Ballabh Pant 14481:Dayananda Saraswati 14406:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 14203:Gopal Hari Deshmukh 14183:Dhondo Keshav Karve 14178:Dayananda Saraswati 14173:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 14148:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer 13661:Anglo-Maratha Wars 13435:limited recognition 11987:Ministry of Finance 10991:Indo-Pakistani wars 10935:Partition of Bengal 10222:Muslim Personal Law 9656:Government of India 9599:on 22 October 2008. 9404:. Eastern Book Co. 9260:. Eastern Book Co. 8683:10.1093/icon/mor005 8102:"Part I, Article 3" 8084:"Part I, Article 2" 7743:"Part I, Article 1" 7625:Times of India Blog 7493:. 25 January 2021. 6678:on 16 November 2016 6469:. Josephine Ayers. 6203:. 12 October 2015. 6123:Parliament of India 6007:on 20 February 2012 5641:. 25 January 2020. 4643:இந்திய அரசியலமைப்பு 4440:Meitei translation 4319:the right to water; 4098:Federalism in India 3843:government of India 3757:in rural areas and 3729:lieutenant governor 3645:is the head of the 3173:– Articles 12 to 35 2240:planning commission 2235:under article 51-A. 1939:legislative speaker 1708:Benegal Narsing Rau 1676:Nalini Ranjan Ghosh 1284:on 25 November 1949 102:Date effective 15113:1949 in Indian law 14965:Partition of India 14811:Yashwantrao Holkar 14776:V. O. Chidamabaram 14731:Subramania Bharati 14661:Rahul Sankrityayan 14646:Pritilata Waddedar 14556:Shri Krishna Singh 14456:C. Rajagopalachari 14446:Bidhan Chandra Roy 14431:Bhavabhushan Mitra 14416:Begum Hazrat Mahal 14371:Annapurna Maharana 14243:Muthulakshmi Reddy 14188:G. Subramania Iyer 13882:Christmas Day Plot 13757:Indian nationalism 13707:Sannyasi rebellion 13605:East India Company 12956:Standard of living 12646:Telecommunications 12163:Financial services 12084:Atmanirbhar Bharat 12004:Finance Commission 11169:Biosphere reserves 10925:Bengal Renaissance 10913:Commander-in-Chief 10878:East India Company 10542:Uniform Civil Code 10373:Subordinate Courts 10294:Parliamentary Acts 10243:Hindu Personal Law 10185:Capital Punishment 10147:Fundamental Rights 10142:Fundamental Duties 10102:Judiciary of India 9954:Deputy Chairperson 9778:All India Services 9176:legislative.gov.in 9155:legislative.gov.in 9103:. 26 November 2023 9053:. 26 November 2023 9027:. 26 November 2023 8983:. 26 November 2023 8954:. 19 November 2023 8934:. 18 November 2023 8914:. 18 November 2023 8865:The Times of India 8802:legislative.gov.in 8781:legislative.gov.in 8647:Vermont Law Review 8590:U.S. Supreme Court 8566:U.S. Supreme Court 8209:The New York Times 6567:The Indian Express 6428:Bélanger, Claude. 5856:"G. V. Mavalankar" 5175:Das, Hari (2002). 5150:The Hindu: Opinion 4711:Uniform Civil Code 4633:Tamil translation 4366:Hindi translation 4286: 4237:Judiciary of India 4191:Creation of states 4021:President of India 3997:fundamental rights 3893:Its secular nature 3698:All India Services 3690:central government 3674:division of powers 3625:president of India 3523:102(2) and 191(2) 3503:Official languages 3457:244(2) and 275(1) 3191:Fundamental Duties 3171:Fundamental Rights 3161:– Articles 5 to 11 3068:Uniform civil code 2322:Laws on which the 2233:Fundamental Duties 2206:Governor of states 1977:Fundamental rights 1804: 1648:C. Rajagopalachari 1509:as its president, 1436:partition of India 1424: 1286: 1278:Babasaheb Ambedkar 1209:British parliament 1185: 1140:fundamental rights 1089:Uniform civil code 160:President of India 14989: 14988: 14983: 14982: 14950:Republic of India 14786:Vallabhbhai Patel 14771:Ubaidullah Sindhi 14671:Ram Prasad Bismil 14566:M. Bhaktavatsalam 14526:Jatindra Nath Das 14451:Bipin Chandra Pal 14386:Babu Kunwar Singh 14356:Achyut Patwardhan 14113:Khudai Khidmatgar 13957:Gandhi–Irwin Pact 13897:Kakori conspiracy 13857:Rowlatt Committee 13820:Direct Action Day 13782:Swadeshi movement 13762:Khilafat Movement 13752:Hindu nationalism 13712:Rebellion of 1857 13635:Anglo-Mysore Wars 13625:Battle of Plassey 13540: 13539: 13477:other territories 13135: 13134: 13131: 13130: 13127: 13126: 12821: 12820: 12817: 12816: 12366:Jammu and Kashmir 11992:Finance ministers 11935: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11923:Women in politics 11898:Political parties 11831: 11830: 11827: 11826: 11637:Chief Secretaries 11610:State governments 11605:Cabinet Secretary 11558:Foreign relations 11517: 11516: 11513: 11512: 11069: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11057:COVID-19 pandemic 10930:Political reforms 10550: 10549: 10527:Judicial activism 10501:Solicitor General 10261: 10260: 10253:Indian Penal Code 10068: 10067: 10032: 9976:State legislature 9922:Secretary General 9884:Advocate generals 9874:Chief secretaries 9865: 9848: 9835:State governments 9828:Solicitor General 9790:Cabinet Secretary 9764: 9742: 9730: 9509:978-0-19-568649-4 9433:978-81-7012-188-6 9411:978-81-7012-108-4 9295:978-0-87692-200-2 9267:978-81-7629-996-1 9248:978-01-9565-610-7 9229:978-01-9564-959-8 9216:Austin, Granville 8844:Imphal Free Press 8715:978-81-7012-108-4 8455:. 31 March 2020. 7772:rajyasabha.nic.in 7463:. 2 August 2017. 7208:978-81-8038-621-3 7154:"Three doctrines" 7095:978-0-415-40867-7 6722:Krishnakumar, R. 6708:978-1-25-906412-8 6535:978-81-7629-996-1 6466:The Anniston Star 5320:978-1-108-42752-4 5249:on 9 October 2017 4787:socioeconomically 4783:indigenous people 4722:Explanatory notes 4681:Constitutionalism 4619:भारतस्य संविधानम् 4615:Sanskrit language 4577:Odia translation 4563:Republic of India 4557:, as part of the 4551:Manipuri language 4461:Manipuri language 4250:International law 4212:Jammu and Kashmir 3961:is dealt with in 3767:Jammu and Kashmir 3692:, appointment of 3561: 3560: 3263: – Finance, 3149:– Articles 1 to 4 3107: 3106: 2332: 2331: 2156:) in the preamble 2021:Electoral College 2004:and his functions 1898:head of the state 1836:photolithographed 1728:Durgabai Deshmukh 1684:scheduled classes 1656:Vallabhbhai Patel 1642:, Sanjay Phakey, 1604:26 November 1949: 1554:Dominion of India 1525:13 December 1946: 1503:11 December 1946: 1201:Republic of India 1197:Dominion of India 1128: 1127: 358: 357: 238:Electoral college 16:(Redirected from 15140: 15133:Indian documents 15090: 15089: 15078: 15077: 15066: 15065: 15054: 15053: 15052: 15042: 15041: 15040: 15030: 15029: 15018: 15017: 15006: 15005: 14997: 14975:Simla Conference 14766:Tiruppur Kumaran 14736:Subramaniya Siva 14691:Sangolli Rayanna 14681:Rash Behari Bose 14621:Nagnath Naikwadi 14531:Jawaharlal Nehru 14476:Dadabhai Naoroji 14471:Chittaranjan Das 14361:A. K. Fazlul Huq 14283:Savitribai Phule 14108:Khaksar movement 14063:Berlin Committee 14048:Anushilan Samiti 14012:Independence Day 13972:Aundh Experiment 13947:Vedaranyam March 13852:Kheda Satyagraha 13837:Singapore Mutiny 13620:Portuguese India 13567: 13560: 13553: 13544: 13543: 13530: 13520: 13519: 13489:Christmas Island 13175:Sovereign states 13162: 13155: 13148: 13139: 13138: 13090:Physical culture 12911:Ethnic relations 12847: 12846: 12827: 12826: 12809:Mumbai Consensus 12361:Himachal Pradesh 12250:Numbering system 12240:Green revolution 12115:Historical Forex 11954: 11953: 11941: 11940: 11913:Scheduled groups 11716: 11715: 11652: 11651: 11536: 11535: 11523: 11522: 11505:Tourism in India 11500:History of India 11495:Culture of India 11105:Geology of India 11088: 11087: 11075: 11074: 11006:Naxal Insurgency 11001:White Revolution 10996:Green Revolution 10603: 10602: 10590: 10589: 10577: 10570: 10563: 10554: 10553: 10511:Advocate General 10496:Attorney General 10473:Collegium System 10269: 10212:Modern Hindu law 10115: 10114: 10095: 10088: 10081: 10072: 10071: 10026: 9859: 9842: 9823:Attorney General 9758: 9746:Union government 9736: 9724: 9709: 9654: 9653: 9642: 9635: 9628: 9619: 9618: 9606: 9605: 9600: 9595:. Archived from 9546: 9544: 9542: 9526: 9513: 9494: 9475: 9456: 9437: 9415: 9398:Khanna, Hans Raj 9393: 9374: 9365: 9346: 9337: 9318: 9299: 9280: 9271: 9252: 9233: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9186: 9180: 9179: 9173: 9165: 9159: 9158: 9152: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9097: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9069: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9021: 9015: 9014: 9013: 9011: 8999: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8973: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8923: 8921: 8919: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8884: 8882: 8880: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8834: 8828: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8799: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8778: 8770: 8764: 8763: 8752: 8746: 8745: 8742:indiankanoon.org 8734: 8728: 8727: 8704:(2nd ed.). 8698:Khanna, Hans Raj 8694: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8642: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8603: 8597: 8592: 1819), 8587: 8579: 8573: 8568: 1819), 8563: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8493: 8487: 8486: 8475: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8445: 8439: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8386: 8377: 8376: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8311: 8305: 8304: 8293: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8257:(3/4): 276–281. 8242: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8139: 8137: 8132:on 27 March 2014 8131: 8125:. Archived from 8124: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8028: 8019: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8003: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7976: 7970: 7969: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7874: 7868: 7867: 7856: 7845: 7844: 7833: 7824: 7823: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7764: 7751: 7750: 7739: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7709: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7665:(4): 1432–1449. 7650: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7532: 7526: 7525: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7453: 7444: 7443: 7432: 7423: 7422: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7381: 7375: 7374: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7334: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7285: 7279: 7278: 7246: 7236: 7230: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7197:(6th ed.). 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7022: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7011: 6983: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6948: 6939: 6938: 6922: 6912: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6873: 6867: 6866: 6865:on 4 March 2016. 6864: 6847: 6838: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6784:Swami, Praveen. 6781: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6674:. Archived from 6661: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6641: 6634: 6626: 6620: 6615: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6503:on 25 March 2016 6499:. Archived from 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6430:"Quebec History" 6425: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6408: 6401: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6326: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6268: 6249: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6159:. Archived from 6148: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6134: 6115: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6095: 6088: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6032: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6003:. Archived from 5992: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5951: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5907: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5826: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5631: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5599: 5591: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5541: 5534: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5443: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5403: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5289: 5274: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5248: 5241: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5216: 5209: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5093:A&E Networks 5078: 5069: 5068: 5038: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 4986: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4920: 4913: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4847: 4825: 4822: 4816: 4809:Granville Austin 4805: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4779: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4761: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4732: 4644: 4620: 4588: 4544: 4509: 4470: 4469: 4468: 4419: 4414:Bengali language 4295:Granville Austin 3761:in urban areas. 3742:president's rule 3447:Scheduled Tribes 3369: 3368: 3123:latest amendment 3099: 3092: 3085: 2362: 2339: 2338: 2311: 2310: 2282: 2281: 2258: 2257: 2224: 2223: 2176: 2175: 2143: 2128: 2127: 2090: 2089: 2071:by the President 2051: 2050: 1964: 1963: 1945:Prerogative writ 1883: 1882: 1866: 1865: 1849: 1800:Jawaharlal Nehru 1790:Constitution Day 1716:Ganesh Mavlankar 1690:represented the 1680:Balwantrai Mehta 1644:Jawaharlal Nehru 1616:26 January 1950: 1610:24 January 1950: 1576:Muhammed Sadulla 1535:22 January 1947: 1529:Jawaharlal Nehru 1485:9 December 1946: 1479:6 December 1946: 1120: 1113: 1106: 383: 360: 359: 314: 312: 305: 116: 114: 109: 96: 94: 89: 73: 71: 70: 44: 32: 31: 21: 15148: 15147: 15143: 15142: 15141: 15139: 15138: 15137: 15098: 15097: 15096: 15084: 15072: 15060: 15050: 15048: 15038: 15036: 15024: 15012: 15000: 14992: 14990: 14985: 14984: 14979: 14940:Cabinet Mission 14928: 14832:British leaders 14827: 14816:Yogendra Shukla 14721:Siraj ud-Daulah 14676:Rani Lakshmibai 14666:Rajendra Prasad 14656:R. Venkataraman 14601:Mithuben Petit‎ 14581:Mahadaji Shinde 14561:Lala Lajpat Rai 14396:Bahadur Shah II 14381:Ashfaqulla Khan 14351:Accamma Cherian 14346:Abul Kalam Azad 14338: 14332: 14303:Syed Ahmad Khan 14293:Sister Nivedita 14258:Pandita Ramabai 14253:Niralamba Swami 14218:J. B. Kripalani 14143:Ashfaqulla Khan 14135: 14129: 14068:Ghadar Movement 14026: 13907:Flag Satyagraha 13815:Revolutionaries 13797: 13791: 13734: 13728: 13630:Battle of Buxar 13576: 13571: 13541: 13536: 13508: 13476: 13467: 13448:Northern Cyprus 13434: 13427: 13169: 13166: 13136: 13123: 13095:Public holidays 12980: 12926:Life expectancy 12841: 12840: 12813: 12740: 12709: 12614:Pharmaceuticals 12445: 12314: 12254: 12220:COVID-19 impact 12206: 12158: 12088: 11975: 11948: 11927: 11859: 11823: 11765: 11705: 11701:District Courts 11641: 11632:Chief Ministers 11530: 11509: 11459: 11411: 11349: 11323:Western coastal 11318:Eastern coastal 11305:Mountain passes 11238: 11224:Protected areas 11150: 11146:Stones of India 11114: 11082: 11061: 11030: 11016:Space programme 10986:Sino-Indian War 10981:Five-Year Plans 10959: 10854: 10821: 10812:Delhi Sultanate 10778: 10769:Middle kingdoms 10762:Middle Kingdoms 10757: 10689: 10597: 10584: 10581: 10551: 10546: 10532:Law enforcement 10515: 10477: 10456: 10428: 10419:Gram Nyayalayas 10407: 10381:District Courts 10363: 10340: 10298: 10270: 10257: 10226: 10189: 10156: 10152:Judicial Review 10132:Basic structure 10104: 10099: 10069: 10064: 10060:District courts 10007: 9890: 9857:Chief ministers 9710: 9701: 9695:Concurrent List 9658: 9648: 9646: 9611: 9587: 9554: 9549: 9540: 9538: 9529: 9510: 9491: 9472: 9453: 9434: 9412: 9390: 9362: 9334: 9315: 9296: 9268: 9249: 9230: 9210: 9205: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9188: 9187: 9183: 9171: 9167: 9166: 9162: 9150: 9146: 9145: 9141: 9131: 9129: 9121: 9120: 9116: 9106: 9104: 9099: 9098: 9091: 9081: 9079: 9071: 9070: 9066: 9056: 9054: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9030: 9028: 9023: 9022: 9018: 9009: 9007: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8986: 8984: 8975: 8974: 8967: 8957: 8955: 8946: 8944: 8937: 8935: 8926: 8924: 8917: 8915: 8906: 8904: 8897: 8895: 8887: 8885: 8878: 8876: 8858: 8856: 8849: 8847: 8837: 8835: 8831: 8821: 8819: 8814: 8813: 8809: 8797: 8793: 8792: 8788: 8776: 8772: 8771: 8767: 8754: 8753: 8749: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8716: 8695: 8691: 8662: 8658: 8643: 8639: 8629: 8627: 8620: 8604: 8600: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8557: 8556: 8552: 8542: 8540: 8525: 8521: 8511: 8509: 8494: 8490: 8477: 8476: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8447: 8446: 8442: 8432: 8430: 8387: 8380: 8367: 8366: 8362: 8349: 8348: 8344: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8313: 8312: 8308: 8295: 8294: 8290: 8280: 8278: 8243: 8236: 8226: 8224: 8201: 8197: 8187: 8185: 8176: 8175: 8171: 8161: 8159: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8122: 8118: 8117: 8113: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8082: 8081: 8077: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8046: 8045: 8041: 8033: 8026: 8020: 8016: 8008: 8001: 7995: 7991: 7978: 7977: 7973: 7960: 7959: 7955: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7924: 7923: 7919: 7909: 7907: 7894: 7893: 7889: 7876: 7875: 7871: 7858: 7857: 7848: 7835: 7834: 7827: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7796: 7795: 7791: 7781: 7779: 7766: 7765: 7754: 7741: 7740: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7717:Hindustan Times 7711: 7710: 7706: 7696: 7694: 7651: 7644: 7634: 7632: 7619: 7618: 7614: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7569: 7565: 7552: 7551: 7547: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7514: 7510: 7500: 7498: 7485: 7484: 7480: 7470: 7468: 7455: 7454: 7447: 7434: 7433: 7426: 7413: 7412: 7408: 7398: 7396: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7365: 7364: 7357: 7347: 7345: 7336: 7335: 7331: 7321: 7319: 7286: 7282: 7267: 7237: 7233: 7228: 7224: 7209: 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7096: 7080: 7076: 7066: 7064: 7063:on 4 March 2016 7055: 7054: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7007: 7000: 6984: 6980: 6970: 6968: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6913: 6909: 6899: 6897: 6890: 6874: 6870: 6862: 6845: 6839: 6835: 6825: 6823: 6814: 6813: 6809: 6799: 6797: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6662: 6655: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6632: 6628: 6627: 6623: 6616: 6612: 6602: 6600: 6591: 6590: 6586: 6576: 6574: 6559: 6555: 6545: 6543: 6536: 6520: 6516: 6506: 6504: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6457: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6426: 6422: 6412: 6410: 6409:on 16 June 2015 6406: 6399: 6393: 6389: 6379: 6377: 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6328: 6327: 6276: 6266: 6264: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6236: 6234: 6225: 6224: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6173: 6172: 6168: 6149: 6145: 6132: 6130: 6117: 6116: 6109: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6086: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6065: 6034: 6033: 6020: 6010: 6008: 5995:Shourie, Arun. 5993: 5989: 5979: 5977: 5952: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5917:Hindustan Times 5908: 5875: 5865: 5863: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5744: 5740: 5730: 5728: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5648: 5646: 5639:Employment News 5633: 5632: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5597: 5593: 5592: 5581: 5571: 5569: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5528: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5445: 5444: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5404: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5336: 5332: 5321: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5291: 5287: 5272: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5191: 5173: 5169: 5159: 5157: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5102: 5100: 5079: 5072: 5057: 5039: 5032: 5022: 5020: 4987: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4918: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4849: 4848: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4819: 4807:These lines by 4806: 4802: 4796: 4792: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4696:Loiyumpa Silyel 4667: 4642: 4635: 4618: 4611: 4586: 4579: 4467:ভারতকী সংবিধান 4466: 4457:Meitei language 4453: 4442: 4417: 4410: 4394:(compounding), 4368: 4356: 4342:Hans Raj Khanna 4327:right to health 4291: 4252: 4239: 4233: 4199: 4193: 4180: 4160: 4155: 4142: 4129: 4120: 4114: 4109: 4100: 4094: 4081: 4068: 4027: 4019:Main articles: 4017: 3959:judicial review 3951:Judicial review 3948: 3942: 3940:Judicial review 3929: 3909:judicial review 3863: 3857: 3847:law commissions 3787: 3779:Main articles: 3777: 3721:union territory 3719:Each state and 3694:state governors 3664:in nature, and 3605: 3566: 3499:344(1) and 351 3443:Scheduled Areas 3423:4(1) and 80(2) 3364: 3114:—in the world. 3103: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3058:Judicial review 3053:Concurrent List 3027: 3019: 3018: 2589: 2579: 2578: 2557: 2547: 2546: 2534: 2518: 2497: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2450: 2414: 2381: 2337: 2305: 2276: 2260:Weimar Republic 2252: 2218: 2204:Appointment of 2199:Residual powers 2170: 2163:in the preamble 2122: 2105:Concurrent List 2084: 2045: 2029:Judicial review 1958: 1877: 1864: 1847: 1840:Survey of India 1755: 1747:Rajendra Prasad 1668:Abul Kalam Azad 1652:Rajendra Prasad 1637: 1623:G. V. Mavlankar 1564:29 August 1947: 1550:15 August 1947: 1511:H. C. Mukherjee 1507:Rajendra Prasad 1493:J. B. Kripalani 1475: 1416: 1410: 1368: 1282:Rajendra Prasad 1271: 1134:is the supreme 1124: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1079:Judicial review 1074:Concurrent List 1048: 1040: 1039: 610: 600: 599: 578: 568: 567: 555: 539: 518: 508: 507: 503: 471: 435: 402: 351: 323:Samvidhan Sadan 310: 303: 297: 221:district courts 112: 110: 107: 92: 90: 87: 68: 66: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15146: 15136: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15118:B. R. Ambedkar 15115: 15110: 15095: 15094: 15082: 15070: 15058: 15046: 15034: 15022: 15010: 14987: 14986: 14981: 14980: 14978: 14977: 14972: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14936: 14934: 14930: 14929: 14927: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14835: 14833: 14829: 14828: 14826: 14825: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14756:Tarak Nath Das 14753: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14706:Shuja-ud-Daula 14703: 14698: 14696:Sarojini Naidu 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14641:Prafulla Chaki 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14586:Mahatma Gandhi 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14342: 14340: 14334: 14333: 14331: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14310: 14308:Vakkom Moulavi 14305: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14238:Mahatma Gandhi 14235: 14230: 14225: 14223:Jyotirao Phule 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14175: 14170: 14165: 14163:B. R. Ambedkar 14160: 14155: 14153:Ayya Vaikundar 14150: 14145: 14139: 14137: 14131: 14130: 14128: 14127: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14034: 14032: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13982:Cripps Mission 13979: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13872:Noakhali riots 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13801: 13799: 13793: 13792: 13790: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13738: 13736: 13735:and ideologies 13730: 13729: 13727: 13726: 13719: 13717:Radcliffe Line 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13692:Vellore Mutiny 13689: 13684: 13683: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13659: 13658: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13632: 13627: 13622: 13617: 13612: 13607: 13602: 13597: 13592: 13586: 13584: 13578: 13577: 13570: 13569: 13562: 13555: 13547: 13538: 13537: 13535: 13534: 13524: 13513: 13510: 13509: 13507: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13480: 13478: 13469: 13468: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13439: 13437: 13429: 13428: 13426: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13265: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13179: 13177: 13171: 13170: 13165: 13164: 13157: 13150: 13142: 13133: 13132: 13129: 13128: 13125: 13124: 13122: 13121: 13120: 13119: 13109: 13108: 13107: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13082: 13077: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13034: 13033: 13023: 13022: 13021: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12990: 12988: 12982: 12981: 12979: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12907: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12881: 12880: 12879: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12853: 12851: 12843: 12842: 12839: 12838: 12831: 12823: 12822: 12819: 12818: 12815: 12814: 12812: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12784:Income Tax Act 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12760: 12759: 12748: 12746: 12742: 12741: 12739: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12717: 12715: 12711: 12710: 12708: 12707: 12706: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12674: 12673: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12637: 12636: 12626: 12621: 12619:Pulp and paper 12616: 12611: 12610: 12609: 12607:Iron and Steel 12604: 12594: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12567: 12562: 12561: 12560: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12529: 12528: 12527: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12453: 12451: 12447: 12446: 12444: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12391:Madhya Pradesh 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12326:Andhra Pradesh 12322: 12320: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12312: 12311: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12290: 12285: 12284: 12283: 12273: 12268: 12262: 12260: 12256: 12255: 12253: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12230:Liberalisation 12227: 12222: 12216: 12214: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12204: 12203: 12202: 12197: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12166: 12164: 12160: 12159: 12157: 12156: 12151: 12150: 12149: 12144: 12134: 12133: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12096: 12094: 12090: 12089: 12087: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11995: 11994: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11973: 11968: 11962: 11960: 11950: 11949: 11937: 11936: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11926: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11869: 11867: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11841: 11839: 11833: 11832: 11829: 11828: 11825: 11824: 11822: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11775: 11773: 11767: 11766: 11764: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11722: 11720: 11713: 11707: 11706: 11704: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11682: 11681: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11655: 11649: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11623: 11622: 11617: 11607: 11602: 11600:Civil Services 11597: 11592: 11590:Prime Minister 11587: 11585:Vice President 11582: 11577: 11576: 11575: 11570: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11544: 11542: 11532: 11531: 11519: 11518: 11515: 11514: 11511: 11510: 11508: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11481:Nature worship 11478: 11473: 11467: 11465: 11461: 11460: 11458: 11457: 11452: 11450:Municipalities 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11421: 11419: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11409: 11404: 11403: 11402: 11397: 11387: 11382: 11381: 11380: 11370: 11365: 11359: 11357: 11351: 11350: 11348: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11326: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11275:Extreme points 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11246: 11244: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11219:National parks 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11179:Climate change 11176: 11171: 11166: 11160: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11149: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11122: 11120: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11096: 11094: 11084: 11083: 11071: 11070: 11067: 11066: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11038: 11036: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11011:Smiling Buddha 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10967: 10965: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10957: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10916: 10915: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10888:1857 rebellion 10885: 10880: 10875: 10873:Princely state 10870: 10864: 10862: 10856: 10855: 10853: 10852: 10847: 10845:European trade 10842: 10837: 10831: 10829: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10792:Medieval India 10788: 10786: 10780: 10779: 10777: 10776: 10771: 10765: 10763: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10728:Yavana Kingdom 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10699: 10697: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10675:Paper currency 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10621: 10620: 10615: 10609: 10607: 10599: 10598: 10586: 10585: 10580: 10579: 10572: 10565: 10557: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10523: 10521: 10517: 10516: 10514: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10487: 10485: 10479: 10478: 10476: 10475: 10470: 10464: 10462: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10438: 10436: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10426: 10421: 10415: 10413: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10405: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10383: 10377: 10375: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10356: 10354:Chief Justices 10350: 10348: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10338: 10337: 10336: 10331: 10321: 10320: 10319: 10308: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10284:Law Commission 10280: 10278: 10272: 10271: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10234: 10232: 10228: 10227: 10225: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10203: 10201: 10191: 10190: 10188: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10166: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10123: 10121: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10098: 10097: 10090: 10083: 10075: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10062: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10053:Sitting judges 10050: 10048:Chief justices 10040: 10039: 10038: 10036:Sitting judges 10033: 10015: 10013: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10005: 10004: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9973: 9972: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9941: 9940: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9917:Deputy speaker 9914: 9904: 9898: 9896: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9888: 9887: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9854: 9849: 9832: 9831: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9819: 9818: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9792: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9780: 9773:Civil services 9770: 9765: 9756:Prime Minister 9753: 9743: 9734:Vice President 9731: 9718: 9716: 9712: 9711: 9704: 9702: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9677: 9672: 9666: 9664: 9660: 9659: 9645: 9644: 9637: 9630: 9622: 9616: 9613: 9612: 9603: 9602: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9553: 9552:External links 9550: 9548: 9547: 9527: 9514: 9508: 9495: 9489: 9476: 9470: 9457: 9451: 9438: 9432: 9416: 9410: 9394: 9388: 9375: 9373:. World Press. 9366: 9360: 9347: 9338: 9332: 9319: 9313: 9300: 9294: 9281: 9272: 9266: 9253: 9247: 9234: 9228: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9181: 9160: 9139: 9114: 9089: 9064: 9051:India Today NE 9038: 9016: 8994: 8965: 8952:Northeast Live 8912:India Today NE 8829: 8818:. 20 July 2016 8807: 8786: 8765: 8747: 8729: 8714: 8689: 8656: 8637: 8618: 8598: 8574: 8550: 8519: 8488: 8470: 8440: 8378: 8360: 8342: 8324: 8306: 8288: 8234: 8195: 8169: 8143: 8111: 8093: 8075: 8057: 8039: 8014: 7989: 7971: 7953: 7935: 7917: 7887: 7869: 7846: 7825: 7807: 7789: 7752: 7734: 7704: 7671:10.1086/715060 7642: 7612: 7594: 7563: 7545: 7527: 7508: 7478: 7445: 7424: 7406: 7389:164.100.47.194 7376: 7355: 7344:on 3 June 2012 7329: 7280: 7266:978-0674047662 7265: 7231: 7222: 7207: 7185: 7144: 7113: 7094: 7074: 7048: 7017: 6998: 6978: 6963:(2): 258–260. 6940: 6933: 6907: 6888: 6868: 6833: 6807: 6776: 6745: 6714: 6707: 6689: 6653: 6621: 6610: 6584: 6553: 6534: 6514: 6484: 6451: 6420: 6387: 6351: 6274: 6244: 6218: 6188: 6166: 6143: 6129:on 11 May 2011 6107: 6075: 6018: 5987: 5943: 5873: 5847: 5821: 5795: 5769: 5738: 5708: 5682: 5671:. Leverage Edu 5656: 5615: 5579: 5568:on 11 May 2011 5553: 5521: 5504:164.100.47.194 5491: 5464: 5431: 5413:The Hans India 5371: 5354:"Commencement" 5345: 5330: 5319: 5301: 5260: 5228: 5196: 5190:978-8174884961 5189: 5167: 5136: 5110: 5070: 5056:978-8121904032 5055: 5030: 4932: 4900: 4872: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4817: 4811:from his book 4800: 4790: 4774: 4765: 4756: 4746: 4736: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4666: 4663: 4639:Tamil language 4634: 4631: 4610: 4607: 4587:ଭାରତର ସମ୍ବିଧାନ 4578: 4575: 4535:diglot edition 4527:Chief Minister 4485:Bengali script 4441: 4438: 4418:ভারতের সংবিধান 4409: 4406: 4400:(prefix), and 4367: 4364: 4355: 4352: 4334: 4333: 4330: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4290: 4287: 4251: 4248: 4235:Main article: 4232: 4229: 4195:Main article: 4192: 4189: 4179: 4176: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4141: 4138: 4128: 4125: 4116:Main article: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4096:Main article: 4093: 4090: 4080: 4077: 4067: 4064: 4016: 4013: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3944:Main article: 3941: 3938: 3928: 3925: 3901: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3859:Main article: 3856: 3853: 3776: 3773: 3755:panchayati raj 3733:chief minister 3658: 3657: 3650: 3643:prime minister 3635: 3628: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3555:Municipalities 3552: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3527:Anti-defection 3524: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3358: 3346: 3338: 3330: 3322: 3314: 3306: 3298: 3290: 3284: 3276: 3268: 3256: 3248: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3184: 3174: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3094: 3087: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026:Related topics 3025: 3024: 3021: 3020: 2590: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2558: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2382: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2364: 2363: 2355: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2320: 2315: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2293: 2286: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2243: 2236: 2228: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2202: 2196: 2185: 2180: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2159:The ideals of 2157: 2132: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2099: 2094: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2072: 2062: 2055: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2023: 2018: 2011: 2005: 2002:Vice President 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1980: 1973:Bill of Rights 1968: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1941:and their role 1935: 1933:Cabinet system 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1912: 1908:More powerful 1906: 1904:Prime Minister 1900: 1894: 1887: 1885:United Kingdom 1874: 1873: 1870: 1863: 1860: 1782:B. R. Ambedkar 1754: 1751: 1720:Sarojini Naidu 1640:B. R. Ambedkar 1636: 1633: 1625:was the first 1620: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1587: 1568:B. R. Ambedkar 1561: 1547: 1538: 1532: 1522: 1500: 1482: 1474: 1471: 1455:B. R. Ambedkar 1412:Main article: 1409: 1406: 1367: 1364: 1325:United Kingdom 1315:was under the 1270: 1267: 1181:B. R. Ambedkar 1126: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1115: 1108: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1050: 1049: 1047:Related topics 1046: 1045: 1042: 1041: 611: 606: 605: 602: 601: 579: 574: 573: 570: 569: 519: 514: 513: 510: 509: 403: 398: 397: 394: 393: 385: 384: 376: 375: 369: 368: 356: 355: 346: 342: 341: 338: 334: 333: 320: 316: 315: 295: 291: 290: 285: 281: 280: 275: 269: 268: 264: 263: 260: 254: 253: 240: 234: 233: 230: 224: 223: 210: 204: 203: 190: 184: 183: 169: 163: 162: 157: 151: 150: 147: 141: 140: 136: 135: 124: 118: 117: 104: 98: 97: 84: 78: 77: 64: 60: 59: 55: 54: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15145: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15105: 15103: 15093: 15088: 15083: 15081: 15076: 15071: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15057: 15047: 15045: 15035: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14998: 14995: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14937: 14935: 14931: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14836: 14834: 14830: 14824: 14823: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14701:Satyapal Dang 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14626:Nana Fadnavis 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14591:Mangal Pandey 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14551:Khudiram Bose 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14466:Chetram Jatav 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14436:Bhikaiji Cama 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14426:Bharathidasan 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14411:Basawon Singh 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14343: 14341: 14335: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14311: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14298:Sri Aurobindo 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14268:Ram Mohan Roy 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14248:Narayana Guru 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14174: 14171: 14169: 14166: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14154: 14151: 14149: 14146: 14144: 14141: 14140: 14138: 14132: 14126: 14125: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14035: 14033: 14031:Organisations 14029: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13992:Bombay Mutiny 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13977:Indian Legion 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13917:1928 Protests 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13862:Rowlatt Bills 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13832: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13794: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13739: 13737: 13731: 13725: 13724: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13637: 13636: 13633: 13631: 13628: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13611: 13608: 13606: 13603: 13601: 13598: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13588: 13587: 13585: 13583: 13579: 13575: 13568: 13563: 13561: 13556: 13554: 13549: 13548: 13545: 13533: 13529: 13525: 13523: 13515: 13514: 13511: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13481: 13479: 13474: 13470: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13458:South Ossetia 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13436: 13430: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13264: 13261: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13172: 13163: 13158: 13156: 13151: 13149: 13144: 13143: 13140: 13118: 13115: 13114: 13113: 13110: 13106: 13103: 13102: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13073: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13027: 13024: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12991: 12989: 12987: 12983: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12886: 12885: 12882: 12878: 12875: 12874: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12854: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12837: 12833: 12832: 12828: 12824: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12799:Insurance Act 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12789:Companies Act 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12758: 12755: 12754: 12753: 12750: 12749: 12747: 12743: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12712: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12672: 12669: 12668: 12667: 12664: 12663: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12635: 12634:Biotechnology 12632: 12631: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12599: 12598: 12595: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12572: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12559: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12538:Entertainment 12536: 12534: 12531: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12506: 12505: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12458: 12455: 12454: 12452: 12448: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12436:Uttar Pradesh 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12321: 12317: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12295: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12257: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12217: 12215: 12213: 12209: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12192: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12167: 12165: 12161: 12155: 12152: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12138: 12135: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12120:Digital rupee 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12102: 12101: 12098: 12097: 12095: 12091: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12079:Make in India 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12034:Foreign trade 12032: 12030: 12029:External debt 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11978: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11963: 11961: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11942: 11938: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11866: 11862: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11838: 11834: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11776: 11774: 11772: 11768: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11723: 11721: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11708: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11691:Chief Justice 11689: 11687: 11686:Supreme Court 11684: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11656: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11644: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11612: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11553:Energy policy 11551: 11549: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11524: 11520: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11462: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11422: 11420: 11418: 11414: 11408: 11405: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11392: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11379: 11376: 11375: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11356: 11352: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11313:Indo-Gangetic 11311: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11247: 11245: 11241: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11161: 11159: 11157: 11153: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11123: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11093: 11089: 11085: 11081: 11076: 11072: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11039: 11037: 11033: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11021:The Emergency 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10962: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10914: 10911: 10910: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10857: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10824: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10787: 10785: 10781: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10760: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10743:Kushan Empire 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10718:Mahajanapadas 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10692: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10622: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10596: 10591: 10587: 10578: 10573: 10571: 10566: 10564: 10559: 10558: 10555: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10524: 10522: 10518: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10484: 10480: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10459: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10439: 10437: 10435: 10431: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10404: 10401: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10388: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10343: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10325: 10322: 10318: 10315: 10314: 10313: 10312:Chief Justice 10310: 10309: 10307: 10305: 10304:Supreme Court 10301: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10273: 10268: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10229: 10223: 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9191: 9185: 9177: 9170: 9164: 9156: 9149: 9143: 9128: 9127:www.india.com 9124: 9118: 9102: 9096: 9094: 9078: 9077:www.india.com 9074: 9068: 9052: 9048: 9042: 9026: 9020: 9006: 9005: 8998: 8982: 8978: 8972: 8970: 8953: 8949: 8933: 8929: 8913: 8909: 8894: 8890: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8866: 8861: 8846: 8845: 8840: 8833: 8817: 8811: 8803: 8796: 8790: 8782: 8775: 8769: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8743: 8739: 8733: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8699: 8693: 8684: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8660: 8652: 8648: 8641: 8625: 8621: 8619:81-7629-410-1 8615: 8611: 8610: 8602: 8595: 8591: 8586: 8585: 8578: 8571: 8567: 8562: 8561: 8554: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8523: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8492: 8484: 8480: 8474: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8428: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8385: 8383: 8374: 8370: 8364: 8356: 8352: 8346: 8338: 8334: 8328: 8320: 8316: 8310: 8302: 8298: 8292: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8241: 8239: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8199: 8183: 8179: 8173: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8128: 8121: 8115: 8107: 8103: 8097: 8089: 8085: 8079: 8071: 8067: 8061: 8053: 8049: 8043: 8032: 8025: 8018: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7975: 7967: 7963: 7957: 7949: 7945: 7939: 7931: 7927: 7921: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7891: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7830: 7821: 7817: 7811: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7768:"Rajya Sabha" 7763: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7708: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7649: 7647: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7616: 7608: 7604: 7598: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7567: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7524:(4): 558–583. 7523: 7519: 7512: 7496: 7492: 7491:Deccan Herald 7488: 7482: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7441: 7437: 7431: 7429: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7372: 7368: 7362: 7360: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7284: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7244: 7235: 7226: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7189: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7148: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7117: 7101: 7097: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7078: 7062: 7058: 7052: 7037:on 5 May 2016 7036: 7032: 7031:the day after 7028: 7021: 7005: 7001: 6999:81-7824-087-4 6995: 6991: 6990: 6982: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6947: 6945: 6936: 6934:9780674047662 6930: 6926: 6921: 6920: 6911: 6895: 6891: 6889:9788180382536 6885: 6881: 6880: 6872: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6852: 6844: 6837: 6821: 6817: 6811: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6780: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6749: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6718: 6710: 6704: 6700: 6699:Indian Polity 6693: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6660: 6658: 6638: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6614: 6598: 6594: 6588: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6557: 6541: 6537: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6518: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6472: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6455: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6424: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6114: 6112: 6092: 6085: 6079: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5991: 5975: 5971: 5970:Chandan Mitra 5967: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5950: 5948: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5809: 5805: 5799: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5742: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5603: 5596: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5538: 5531: 5525: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5479: 5475: 5468: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5341: 5334: 5327: 5322: 5316: 5312: 5305: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5245: 5238: 5232: 5213: 5206: 5200: 5192: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5077: 5075: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5035: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4917: 4910: 4904: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4876: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4821: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4794: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4769: 4760: 4750: 4740: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4584: 4583:Odia language 4574: 4572: 4571:Manipur state 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4517: 4516:Meitei script 4513: 4508: 4507: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4386: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4350: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310:right to life 4306: 4304: 4301:, the fourth 4300: 4299:John Marshall 4296: 4293:According to 4284: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4258: 4247: 4245: 4238: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4216:Daman and Diu 4214:in 2019, and 4213: 4209: 4205: 4198: 4188: 4184: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4164: 4150: 4147: 4137: 4133: 4124: 4119: 4104: 4099: 4089: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4063: 4059: 4057: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4022: 4015:The executive 4012: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3937: 3933: 3927:The judiciary 3924: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3877: 3874: 3873:Supreme Court 3870: 3869: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3837: 3834:In 2000, the 3832: 3829: 3828:supermajority 3824: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3759:Nagar Palikas 3756: 3751: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3600: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3541:Panchayat Raj 3539: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3215:– Article 238 3214: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3193:– Article 51A 3192: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3100: 3095: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 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2174: 2169: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2109:Provision of 2108: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2010: 2009:Supreme Court 2006: 2003: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1966:United States 1962: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820:Nandalal Bose 1817: 1813: 1812:Shantiniketan 1809: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1791: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1763:civil servant 1760: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:Frank Anthony 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1590:16 July 1948: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1544:National flag 1542: 1541:22 July 1947: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1458: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1420: 1415: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1353:British Crown 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1288:In 1928, the 1283: 1279: 1275: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 609: 604: 603: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 577: 572: 571: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 517: 512: 511: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 396: 395: 392: 391: 387: 386: 382: 378: 377: 374: 371: 370: 366: 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12834:Society and 12484:Construction 12266:By net worth 12100:Indian rupee 11903:Reservations 11771:Intelligence 11674:Human rights 11659:Constitution 11658: 11417:Subdivisions 11110:Indian Plate 11100:Fossil Parks 11035:Contemporary 10950:World War II 10827:Early Modern 10817:Vijayanagara 10713:Vedic period 10583:India topics 10396:Second Class 10119:Constitution 10118: 10110:Law of India 9670:Constitution 9669: 9663:Constitution 9597:the original 9592: 9539:. 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To ensure 1186: 1167:its preamble 1161:rather than 1148: 1136:law of India 1131: 1129: 388: 372: 308:the original 299: 284:Last amended 247:presidential 63:Jurisdiction 29: 14889:Mountbatten 14511:Hemu Kalani 14391:Bagha Jatin 14328:Vivekananda 14083:India House 13967:Act of 1935 13742:Ambedkarism 13610:British Raj 13532:Asia portal 13433:States with 13353:Philippines 13293:South Korea 13288:North Korea 13183:Afghanistan 13117:Traditional 12794:Banking Act 12779:SARFESI Act 12693:Electricity 12514:Oil and gas 12504:Electricity 12457:Agriculture 12441:West Bengal 12431:Uttarakhand 12396:Maharashtra 12235:Licence Raj 12190:Black money 12049:Remittances 11893:Nationalism 11878:Citizenship 11711:Enforcement 11696:High Courts 11573:Rajya Sabha 11234:sanctuaries 11184:Earthquakes 11156:Environment 10971:Integration 10945:1943 famine 10893:British Raj 10860:Late modern 10784:Middle Ages 10748:Alchon Huns 10660:Mathematics 10650:Linguistics 10491:Bar Council 10391:First Class 10346:High Courts 10043:High courts 9944:Rajya Sabha 9895:Legislature 9795:Secretaries 9541:22 February 9195:19 November 9132:26 November 9107:26 November 9082:26 November 9057:26 November 9031:26 November 9010:26 November 8987:26 November 8981:India Today 8958:19 November 8938:19 November 8918:19 November 8898:19 November 8879:19 November 8850:19 November 8822:19 November 8653:(917): 920. 8512:13 November 7577:India Today 7255:. pp. 7137:12 November 7041:10 November 6682:21 November 6646:17 November 6577:12 November 6546:12 November 6334:India Today 6211:20 November 6201:India Today 5966:Bhubaneswar 5961:The Pioneer 5457:22 February 5364:20 February 5221:11 November 5160:18 February 4754:Amendment). 4701:Magna Carta 4595:Bhubaneswar 4525:, the then 4498:, the then 4388:(joining), 4289:Flexibility 4118:Rajya Sabha 4112:Rajya Sabha 3855:Limitations 3813:Rajya Sabha 3805:money bills 3801:Article 245 3790:Article 368 3763:Article 370 3737:Article 356 3686:citizenship 3654:lower house 3617:legislature 3588:Appendix IV 3576:Appendix II 3428:Rajya Sabha 3375:Article(s) 3159:Citizenship 2297:Rajya Sabha 2195:governments 2136:Notions of 2069:Rajya Sabha 2015:High courts 1928:Rule of law 1910:lower house 1869:Government 1724:Hansa Mehta 1592:Along with 1572:K.M. 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Kakkan 14596:Mir Qasim 14571:M. N. Roy 14506:Har Dayal 14339:activists 14168:Baba Amte 14158:Ayyankali 14136:reformers 14058:Azad Hind 13798:movements 13777:Socialism 13499:Hong Kong 13453:Palestine 13378:Sri Lanka 13373:Singapore 13253:Indonesia 13100:Sculpture 13053:Festivals 13019:Webcomics 12971:Sexuality 12921:Languages 12884:Education 12714:Regulator 12661:Transport 12558:Hospitals 12494:Education 12462:Livestock 12426:Telangana 12416:Rajasthan 12376:Karnataka 12371:Jharkhand 12175:Insurance 12154:Inflation 12059:Subsidies 11958:Companies 11888:Democracy 11883:Elections 11855:Air Force 11580:President 11568:Lok Sabha 11445:Districts 11400:Southeast 11395:Southwest 11385:Northeast 11378:Northwest 11340:Volcanoes 11300:Mountains 11243:Landforms 11080:Geography 10955:Partition 10920:Zamindari 10703:Stone Age 10640:Economics 10625:Astronomy 10606:Overviews 10434:Tribunals 10012:Judiciary 9907:Lok Sabha 9840:Governors 9722:President 9715:Executive 9422:(2015) . 8874:0971-8257 8724:294942170 8423:148598173 8415:2199-7411 8263:0019-5510 8217:0362-4331 8066:"Part VI" 7900:Firstpost 7687:235567253 7679:0022-3816 7304:0971-751X 7295:The Hindu 7275:939085793 7217:650215045 7168:0970-1710 7159:Frontline 6826:23 August 6790:Frontline 6759:Frontline 6728:Frontline 6671:The Hindu 6369:The Quint 6179:DNA India 6100:4 January 6050:0971-751X 6041:The Hindu 5926:231696742 5546:4 January 5181:New Delhi 5047:New Delhi 5005:0971-751X 4996:The Hindu 4832:Citations 4716:B. N. Rau 4627:New Delhi 4514:for ' 4204:Telangana 4035:Lok Sabha 3980:ab initio 3809:Lok Sabha 3682:judiciary 3613:executive 3534:Eleventh 3466:Meghalaya 3372:Schedule 3362:Schedules 3350:Part XXII 3310:Part XVII 3287:Part XIVA 3272:Part XIII 3219:Part VIII 3119:105 times 2495:Schedules 2335:Structure 2326:functions 2268:emergency 2238:Mandated 2208:by Centre 2092:Australia 2076:President 1759:B. N. Rau 1519:partition 1515:B. N. Rau 1356:India as 1263:New Delhi 1224:socialist 1220:sovereign 516:Schedules 327:New Delhi 208:Judiciary 188:Executive 180:Lok Sabha 15080:Politics 14924:Hastings 14884:Bentinck 14103:Jugantar 13747:Gandhism 13522:Category 13443:Abkhazia 13393:Thailand 13348:Pakistan 13328:Mongolia 13323:Maldives 13318:Malaysia 13218:Cambodia 13085:Painting 13048:Folklore 13004:Blogging 12946:Religion 12931:Literacy 12666:Aviation 12651:Textiles 12590:Printing 12580:FM Radio 12548:Gambling 12543:Forestry 12479:Chemical 12293:Pensions 12200:National 12142:Governor 12093:Currency 12054:Taxation 11971:NIFTY 50 11908:Scandals 11865:Politics 11837:Military 11548:Agencies 11528:Politics 11464:See also 11280:Glaciers 11229:Wildlife 11119:Heritage 10964:Republic 10898:Railways 10868:Colonial 10840:Marathas 10807:Kakatiya 10695:Ancient 10670:Military 10655:Maritime 10630:Clothing 10613:Timeline 10369:District 10231:Historic 10199:Personal 10162:Criminal 9949:Chairman 9400:(1981). 9218:(1999). 8932:TimesNow 8893:NDTV.com 8700:(2008). 8624:Archived 8537:Archived 8506:Archived 8483:Archived 8457:Archived 8427:Archived 8373:Archived 8355:Archived 8337:Archived 8319:Archived 8301:Archived 8275:Archived 8271:41854040 8221:Archived 8182:Archived 8156:Archived 8106:Archived 8088:Archived 8070:Archived 8052:Archived 8031:Archived 8006:Archived 7984:Archived 7966:Archived 7948:Archived 7930:Archived 7904:Archived 7882:Archived 7864:Archived 7841:Archived 7820:Archived 7802:Archived 7776:Archived 7747:Archived 7721:Archived 7691:Archived 7629:Archived 7607:Archived 7581:Archived 7558:Archived 7540:Archived 7495:Archived 7465:Archived 7461:BBC News 7440:Archived 7419:Archived 7393:Archived 7371:Archived 7316:Archived 7312:13119119 7172:Archived 7131:Archived 7127:The Week 7100:Archived 7004:Archived 6965:Archived 6894:Archived 6820:Archived 6794:Archived 6763:Archived 6732:Archived 6637:Archived 6597:Archived 6571:Archived 6540:Archived 6471:Archived 6438:Archived 6374:Archived 6338:Archived 6261:Archived 6237:17 April 6231:Archived 6205:Archived 6133:14 April 6091:Archived 6062:Archived 6058:13119119 5974:Archived 5930:Archived 5808:Archived 5782:Archived 5762:16 April 5756:Archived 5731:16 April 5725:Archived 5721:ANI News 5695:Archived 5643:Archived 5537:Archived 5508:Archived 5478:Archived 5418:Archived 5358:Archived 5285:Archived 5253:29 March 5212:Archived 5154:Archived 5123:Archived 5097:Archived 5065:35022507 5017:Archived 5013:13119119 4916:Archived 4893:22 March 4887:Archived 4859:Archived 4665:See also 4657:and the 4601:and the 4479:and the 4432:and the 4402:pratyaya 4397:upasarga 4149:effect. 3725:governor 3670:codified 3548:Twelfth 3386:1 and 4 3342:Part XXI 3326:Part XIX 3302:Part XVI 3280:Part XIV 3265:property 3260:Part XII 3237:Part IXB 3231:Part IXA 3209:Part VII 3189: – 3187:Part IVA 3179: – 3169: – 3166:Part III 3157: – 3145: – 3134:Preamble 2540:Eleventh 2369:Preamble 2344:a series 2342:Part of 2161:republic 2150:equality 1902:Post of 1896:Nominal 1832:Dehradun 1773:and was 1753:Drafting 1556:and the 1546:adopted. 1463:B.N. Rau 1400:Pakistan 1349:dominion 1321:dominion 1255:nitrogen 1243:equality 1235:republic 561:Eleventh 390:Preamble 365:a series 363:Part of 319:Location 294:Citation 167:Chambers 145:Branches 82:Ratified 58:Overview 51:preamble 15092:Society 15044:History 14994:Portals 14844:Canning 14263:Periyar 13912:Bardoli 13680:Gwalior 13582:History 13418:Vietnam 13333:Myanmar 13313:Lebanon 13243:Georgia 13198:Bahrain 13188:Armenia 13105:tallest 13026:Cuisine 12986:Culture 12941:Prisons 12936:Poverty 12877:Indians 12850:Society 12836:culture 12656:Tourism 12509:Nuclear 12489:Defence 12467:Fishing 12450:Sectors 12401:Mizoram 12356:Haryana 12351:Gujarat 12281:Poverty 12212:History 12185:Bullion 12170:Banking 12125:Coinage 12110:History 11946:Economy 11719:Federal 11430:Borders 11363:Central 11355:Regions 11335:Valleys 11309:Plains 11290:Islands 11250:Beaches 11214:Geology 11204:Forests 11174:Climate 11092:Geology 10903:Economy 10883:Plassey 10835:Mughals 10797:Hoysala 10723:Mauryas 10635:Coinage 10595:History 9996:Members 9912:Speaker 9810:Foreign 9805:Finance 9800:Defence 8706:Lucknow 8502:Seminar 7322:26 July 7199:Gurgaon 7178:26 July 6971:5 March 6900:17 June 6477:24 July 6444:27 June 6380:24 July 6344:12 July 6068:26 July 6011:13 June 5980:24 July 5936:24 July 5649:14 July 5514:6 April 5484:6 April 5424:24 July 5103:24 July 5088:History 5023:24 July 4651:Chennai 4561:of the 4529:of the 4426:Kolkata 4344:wrote: 4257:dualist 3712:), and 3666:unitary 3662:federal 3482:Seventh 3474:Mizoram 3470:Tripura 3438:244(1) 3420:Fourth 3394:Second 3334:Part XX 3294:Part XV 3252:Part XI 3225:Part IX 3203:Part VI 3177:Part IV 3154:Part II 2544:Twelfth 2524:Seventh 2189:central 2146:liberty 2067:to the 2053:Ireland 1838:by the 1769:in the 1351:of the 1294:Lucknow 1247:liberty 1239:justice 1228:secular 565:Twelfth 545:Seventh 267:History 232:Federal 199:of the 127:Federal 111: ( 91: ( 49:of the 14914:Cripps 14909:Outram 14899:Lytton 14864:Curzon 14839:Wavell 14134:Social 13787:Swaraj 13670:Second 13655:Fourth 13645:Second 13463:Taiwan 13398:Turkey 13363:Russia 13298:Kuwait 13278:Jordan 13268:Israel 13228:Cyprus 13213:Brunei 13208:Bhutan 13014:Comics 13009:Cinema 12916:Health 12624:Retail 12597:Mining 12575:Cinema 12499:Energy 12411:Punjab 12406:Odisha 12386:Ladakh 12381:Kerala 12319:States 12276:Income 12259:People 12195:Bombay 11440:Cities 11330:Rivers 11265:Desert 11260:Coasts 11255:Canals 10680:Postal 10520:Others 10359:Judges 10334:Former 10329:Female 10324:Judges 9964:Leader 9959:Member 9932:Leader 9927:Member 9506: 9487: 9468: 9449: 9430: 9408: 9386: 9358: 9330: 9311: 9292: 9264: 9245: 9226: 8872: 8722: 8712: 8616: 8421: 8413: 8269: 8261: 8215: 7685: 7677: 7310: 7302: 7273: 7263: 7215: 7205: 7166: 7092: 6996: 6931: 6886: 6705: 6618:Part I 6532: 6507:4 July 6056: 6048: 5924: 5572:12 May 5317: 5187: 5063: 5053: 5011: 5003: 4555:Imphal 4547:Meitei 4512:Meitei 4473:Imphal 4391:samasa 4385:sandhi 4272:monist 4268:unless 4208:Ladakh 3871:, the 3731:and a 3641:: the 3637:Under 3630:Under 3551:243-W 3537:243-G 3520:Tenth 3509:Ninth 3495:Eighth 3472:, and 3454:Sixth 3435:Fifth 3409:Third 3383:First 3244:Part X 3197:Part V 3142:Part I 3121:; the 2528:Eighth 2512:Fourth 2504:Second 2346:on the 2178:Canada 2130:France 2017:judges 1822:. 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Constitution of India

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