25:
495:, which is then transferred to the atoms, or molecules, of the target. The power needed to project a high-powered beam of this kind surpasses the production capabilities of any standard battlefield powerplant, thus such weapons are not anticipated to be produced in the foreseeable future.
474:
Many phenomena in astrophysics are attributed to particle beams of various kinds. Solar Type III radio bursts, the most common impulsive radio signatures from the Sun, are used by scientists as a tool to better understand solar accelerated electron beams.
689:
310:
of other charged particles. This technique is under active development, but cannot provide reliable beams of sufficient quality at present.
484:
89:
61:
556:
697:
491:
in 1958. The general idea of such weaponry is to hit a target object with a stream of accelerated particles with high
436:) in order to probe and to characterize the structure and the chemical speciation of solids and biological materials.
108:
68:
262:
145:
and neutral particle beams, as only the first type can be manipulated to a sufficient extent by devices based on
75:
46:
42:
724:
57:
383:
370:
287:(RF) band, the design of such cavities and other RF devices is also a part of accelerator physics.
572:
35:
621:
430:
399:
374:
354:
344:
276:
142:
149:. The manipulation and diagnostics of charged particle beams at high kinetic energies using
643:
587:
524:
488:
326:. With the end goal of reaching the desired position and beam spot size in the experiment.
215:
150:
134:
82:
8:
291:
258:
181:
154:
647:
591:
667:
633:
423:
671:
659:
655:
340:
323:
165:
545:
A pulsed electron injector using a metal photocathode irradiated by an excimer laser
651:
595:
445:
350:
295:
272:
233:
197:
146:
130:
126:
284:
268:
267:
Charged beams may be further accelerated by use of high resonant, sometimes also
180:
may be separated from their common surrounding. This can be accomplished by e.g.
568:
492:
307:
299:
138:
599:
718:
663:
504:
379:
319:
185:
573:"The role of particle beams and electrical currents in the plasma universe"
407:
211:
207:
201:
519:
225:
188:. The following devices are commonly used as sources for particle beams:
280:
192:
514:
463:
395:
229:
353:
experiments in large facilities; the most common examples being the
24:
509:
455:
403:
391:
358:
240:
204:. This is also part of traditional television and computer screens.
173:
169:
638:
451:
221:
177:
620:
Reid, Hamish Andrew
Sinclair; Ratcliffe, Heather (July 2014).
466:) may also be used for cancer treatment in particle therapy.
419:
415:
387:
303:
275:. These devices accelerate particles by interaction with an
141:. There is a difference between the creation and control of
459:
294:
has emerged as a possibility to accelerate particles in a
411:
137:, these particles can move with a velocity close to the
16:
Stream of charged, or less frequently neutral particles
547:, Proceedings of Particle Accelerator Conference 1987
283:
of hollow macroscopic, conducting devices is in the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
406:of the synchrotron light sources for a variety of
200:, or more specifically in one of its parts called
716:
567:
619:
683:
681:
557:Petawatt proton beams at Lawrence Livermore
218:to separate particles from their substrate.
637:
622:"A review of solar type III radio bursts"
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
678:
364:
349:High-energy particle beams are used for
687:
450:Energetic particle beams consisting of
318:In all cases, the beam is steered with
717:
690:"Introducing the Particle-Beam Weapon"
626:Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics
334:
210:may also be built in as a part of an
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
439:
13:
402:. This X-ray radiation is used at
228:which impact on a target, e.g. of
224:beams may be created by energetic
14:
736:
485:Advanced Research Projects Agency
239:Bursting a petawatt laser onto a
23:
469:
329:
263:Superconducting radio frequency
252:
247:
34:needs additional citations for
613:
561:
550:
543:T. J. Kauppila et al. (1987),
537:
243:foil to produce a proton beam.
1:
696:. July–August. Archived from
530:
688:Roberds, Richard M. (1984).
7:
498:
478:
313:
10:
741:
656:10.1088/1674-4527/14/7/003
443:
368:
338:
256:
160:
600:10.1017/S0263034600005401
384:synchrotron light sources
580:Laser and Particle Beams
371:Synchrotron light source
232:material. (see article
462:(also called particle
300:electromagnetic energy
143:charged particle beams
694:Air University Review
489:particle beam weapons
400:synchrotron radiation
398:band which is called
375:Synchrotron radiation
365:Synchrotron radiation
355:Large Hadron Collider
345:Large Hadron Collider
302:of pulsed high-power
277:electromagnetic field
151:particle accelerators
135:particle accelerators
525:Accelerator neutrino
216:photoelectric effect
43:improve this article
725:Accelerator physics
648:2014RAA....14..773R
592:1988LPB.....6..471P
335:High-energy physics
292:plasma acceleration
259:Accelerator physics
182:thermionic emission
155:accelerator physics
153:are main topics of
390:with a continuous
324:quadrupole magnets
298:medium, using the
273:microwave cavities
341:Particle collider
322:and focused with
166:Charged particles
131:neutral particles
119:
118:
111:
93:
732:
709:
708:
706:
705:
685:
676:
675:
641:
617:
611:
610:
608:
606:
577:
565:
559:
554:
548:
541:
487:started work on
446:Particle therapy
440:Particle therapy
382:are employed in
351:particle physics
234:Particle therapy
198:Cathode ray tube
147:electromagnetism
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
740:
739:
735:
734:
733:
731:
730:
729:
715:
714:
713:
712:
703:
701:
686:
679:
618:
614:
604:
602:
575:
566:
562:
555:
551:
542:
538:
533:
501:
481:
472:
448:
442:
388:X-ray radiation
377:
369:Main articles:
367:
347:
337:
332:
316:
306:systems or the
290:More recently,
285:radio frequency
269:superconducting
265:
255:
250:
163:
125:is a stream of
115:
104:
98:
95:
58:"Particle beam"
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
738:
728:
727:
711:
710:
677:
632:(7): 773–804.
612:
586:(3): 471–491.
569:Anthony Peratt
560:
549:
535:
534:
532:
529:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
500:
497:
493:kinetic energy
480:
477:
471:
468:
458:, or positive
444:Main article:
441:
438:
408:spectroscopies
380:Electron beams
366:
363:
336:
333:
331:
328:
320:dipole magnets
315:
312:
308:kinetic energy
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
244:
237:
219:
205:
195:
162:
159:
139:speed of light
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
737:
726:
723:
722:
720:
700:on 2012-04-17
699:
695:
691:
684:
682:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
635:
631:
627:
623:
616:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
574:
570:
564:
558:
553:
546:
540:
536:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
505:Electron beam
503:
502:
496:
494:
490:
486:
476:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
447:
437:
435:
433:
428:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
372:
362:
360:
356:
352:
346:
342:
327:
325:
321:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
264:
260:
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:
217:
213:
209:
208:Photocathodes
206:
203:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
187:
186:arc discharge
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:particle beam
113:
110:
102:
99:November 2008
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
702:. Retrieved
698:the original
693:
629:
625:
615:
603:. Retrieved
583:
579:
563:
552:
544:
539:
482:
473:
470:Astrophysics
449:
431:
424:
394:over a wide
378:
348:
330:Applications
317:
289:
279:. Since the
266:
253:Acceleration
248:Manipulation
226:proton beams
214:, using the
212:electron gun
202:electron gun
164:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
520:Atomic beam
386:to produce
704:2005-01-03
605:26 January
531:References
464:microbeams
339:See also:
281:wavelength
257:See also:
193:Ion source
69:newspapers
672:118446359
664:1674-4527
639:1404.6117
483:The U.S.
404:beamlines
396:frequency
230:beryllium
174:positrons
170:electrons
719:Category
571:(1988).
510:Ion beam
499:See also
479:Military
456:neutrons
392:spectrum
359:Tevatron
357:and the
314:Guidance
241:titanium
168:such as
644:Bibcode
588:Bibcode
452:protons
222:Neutron
178:protons
161:Sources
127:charged
83:scholar
670:
662:
296:plasma
176:, and
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
668:S2CID
634:arXiv
576:(PDF)
420:EXAFS
416:XANES
304:laser
133:. In
90:JSTOR
76:books
660:ISSN
607:2023
460:ions
434:-XRD
427:-XRF
373:and
343:and
261:and
62:news
652:doi
596:doi
515:Jet
412:XAS
184:or
129:or
45:by
721::
692:.
680:^
666:.
658:.
650:.
642:.
630:14
628:.
624:.
594:.
582:.
578:.
454:,
429:,
422:,
418:,
414:,
361:.
271:,
172:,
157:.
121:A
707:.
674:.
654::
646::
636::
609:.
598::
590::
584:6
432:μ
425:μ
410:(
236:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
