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another party. This is due to the phenomenon of motivated reasoning, of which there are several types, including "cheerleading" and congenial inference. Motivated reasoning means that a partisan survey respondent may feel motivated to answer the survey in a way that they know is incorrect; when the respondent is uncertain of an answer, partisanship may also motivate them to guess or predict an answer that favorable to their party. Studies have found that offering a cash incentive for correct answers reduces partisan bias in responses by about 50%, from 12–15% to about 6%.
863:) began in 1952, an individual's partisan tendencies were typically determined by their voting behaviour. Since then, "partisan" has come to refer to an individual with a psychological identification with one or the other of the major parties. Depending on their political beliefs, candidates may join a party. As they build the framework for career advancement, parties are more often than not the preferred choice for candidates. There are many parties in a system, and candidates often join them instead of standing as an Independent if that is provided for.
2319:
2476:. Defending and substantiating the goals and tasks of the working class and the policies of the Communist Party, Marxist-Leninist theory mercilessly criticizes the exploiters' system, its politics, and its ideology. ... By contrast, the bourgeoisie, whose interests conflict with those of the majority, is forced to hide its self-seeking aspirations, to pretend that its economic and political aims are those of society as a whole, and to wrap itself in the toga of non-partisanship
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2426:, to counter what he considered to be the futility of objectivity in political, economic analysis. Class interests and material conditions of existence determine ideology, and thus, in a Marxist-Leninist view, true objectivity (in terms of non-partisanship) is not possible in a society of antagonistic classes. Marxists, in Lenin's view, should openly acknowledge their partisanship on the side of proletarian revolution.
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usually in the evening, over drinks, were far more productive. For
Johnson and Rayburn, it was shrewd politics to cooperate with Ike. Eisenhower was wildly popular in the country. ... By supporting a Republican president against the Old Guard of his own party, the Democrats hoped to share Ike's popularity.
914:
Ike, LBJ, and "Mr. Sam" did not trust one another completely and they did not see eye to eye on every issue, but they understood one another and had no difficulty working together. Eisenhower continued to meet regularly with the
Republican leadership. But his weekly sessions with Rayburn and Johnson,
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Partisanship causes survey respondents to answer political surveys differently, even if the survey asks a question with an objective answer. People with strong partisan beliefs are 12% more likely to give an incorrect answer that benefits their preferred party than an incorrect answer that benefits
866:
In the U.S., politicians have generally been identified with a party. Many local elections in the U.S. (as for mayor) are "nonpartisan." A candidate may have a party affiliation but it is not listed on the ballot. Independents occasionally appear in significant contests but rarely win. At the
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campaigning distasteful and inappropriate, and he disliked the partisan aspects of campaigning." With little interest in routine partisanship, Eisenhower left much of the building and sustaining of the
Republican Party to his vice president,
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The term's meaning has changed dramatically over the last 60 years in the United States. Before the
American National Election Study (described in Angus Campbell et al., in
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2453:. However, Lenin's term has a normative element that was not present in prior descriptions of the phenomenon. In other words, Lenin insisted that partiinost'
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is a universal and inevitable element of political and ideological life. Still, its presence is not always acknowledged or flatly denied by the ruling class.
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2407:). It can be variously translated as party-mindedness, partisanship, or party spirit. The term can refer to both a philosophical position concerning the
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Smirnov, G.L. Partiinost' Great Soviet
Encyclopedia. 3rd Edition. Eds. A. M. Prokhorov and M. Waxman. New York: Macmillan, 1973. Vol. 19, p. 296.
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to refer to the concept of philosophical factionalism, which he defined broadly as the struggle between idealists and materialists.
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Smirnov, G.L. Partiinost' Great Soviet
Encyclopedia. 3rd Edition. Eds. A. M. Prokhorov and M. Waxman. New York: Macmillan, 1973.
2702:
Smirnov, G.L. Partiinost' Great Soviet
Encyclopedia. 3rd Edition. Eds. A. M. Prokhorov and M. Waxman. New York: Macmillan, 1973.
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that states a
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899:. With Eisenhower uninvolved in party building, Nixon became the de facto national GOP leader."
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2415:. The term may also mean the membership of a person in a certain political party.
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Graphic showing Rise of
Partisanship in the US House of Representatives 1949–2011
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was not a novel concept and had been described in different words by
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The Opposition Presidency: Leadership and the Constraints of History
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and an official doctrine of public intellectual life in the
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presidential level, the best independent vote getters were
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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The Communist Party consistently upholds the principle of
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Ike and Dick: Portrait of a Strange Political Marriage
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Ed. C. D. Kering. New York: Herder and Herder, 1973.
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Ed. C. D. Kering. New York: Herder and Herder, 1973.
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Ed. C. D. Kering. New York: Herder and Herder, 1973.
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Ed. C. D. Kering. New York: Herder and Herder, 1973.
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Ed. C. D. Kering. New York: Herder and Herder, 1973.
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2755:Joravsky, D. and C. Koblernicz. "Party-Mindedness"
2733:Joravsky, D. and C. Koblernicz. "Party-Mindedness"
2720:Joravsky, D. and C. Koblernicz. "Party-Mindedness"
2689:Joravsky, D. and C. Koblernicz. "Party-Mindedness"
2669:Joravsky, D. and C. Koblernicz. "Party-Mindedness"
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27:Committed supporter of a political party or belief
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2769:Bullock, John G.; Lenz, Gabriel (May 11, 2019).
882:was nonpartisan until 1952, when he joined the
2630:The encyclopedia of American political history
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2135:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
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2399:. In Chinese, it is translated as Dangxing (
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2852:Political terminology of the United States
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1534:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
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2757:Marxism and Communism in Western Society.
2735:Marxism and Communism in Western Society.
2722:Marxism and Communism in Western Society.
2691:Marxism and Communism in Western Society.
2671:Marxism and Communism in Western Society.
2457:be publicly expressed whenever possible.
2391:is a transliteration of the Russian term
2090:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
2115:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
14:
2844:
2196:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1522:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
1191:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2788:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-050904
1698:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
1619:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
1554:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
1022:Intensification of the class struggle
2140:Sandinista National Liberation Front
1614:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
29:
2627:Paul Finkelman, Peter Wallenstein,
2095:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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2775:Annual Review of Political Science
2294:State ideology of the Soviet Union
1527:The History of the Communist Party
25:
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2486:Materialism and Empirio-criticism
2464:can be found in its entry in the
2227:Criticism of communist party rule
1559:President Ho Chi Minh's Testament
997:Commanding heights of the economy
906:in the House and Majority Leader
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2120:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
1544:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
1529:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
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910:in the Senate. Jean Smith says:
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2832:Do politics make us irrational?
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1539:A Critique of Soviet Economics
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2816:The dictionary definition of
2649:. Random House. p. 648.
980:Soviet-type economic planning
960:Administrative-command system
2590:. Texas A&M UP. p.
2085:Communist Party of Kampuchea
1728:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
1059:Proletarian internationalism
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2646:Eisenhower in War and Peace
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2110:Indochinese Communist Party
1128:Wars of national liberation
841:is a committed member of a
770:Political parties by region
560:Party convention/conference
10:
2878:
2771:"Partisan Bias in Surveys"
2643:Jean Edward Smith (2012).
2582:David A. Crockett (2002).
2564:Cook Partisan Voting Index
2237:Marxist schools of thought
2130:Party of Labour of Albania
2100:Communist Party of Vietnam
829:
757:Lists of political parties
2544:Partisan (disambiguation)
2483:is also used by Lenin in
2466:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2404:
765:Ruling parties by country
738:National unity government
2569:
2080:Communist Party of India
1079:Socialism in one country
1034:Marxist–Leninist atheism
830:Not to be confused with
775:Banned political parties
475:Leader of the Opposition
443:Leaders and organization
406:Parliamentary opposition
2422:in 1895, responding to
2418:The term was coined by
2289:State ideology of China
2215:under communist regimes
2213:Crimes against humanity
2173:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
2145:Workers' Party of Korea
2075:Communist Party of Cuba
2070:Chinese Communist Party
1738:Portuguese Colonial War
1564:The Governance of China
1517:Foundations of Leninism
1064:Protracted people's war
1012:Dialectical materialism
2554:Political polarization
2478:
2460:A clear expression of
2409:sociology of knowledge
2105:French Communist Party
2015:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1324:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
1239:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
917:
871:in 1992 and 1996, and
56:by rewriting it in an
2838:talk by Jay Van Bavel
2534:Negative partisanship
2470:
2125:Nepal Communist Party
1748:Nicaraguan Revolution
1384:Mengistu Haile Mariam
1002:Democratic centralism
992:Collective leadership
912:
708:Confidence and supply
565:Leadership convention
416:Official party status
372:Entrepreneurial party
2348:Socialism portal
2324:Communism portal
1743:Black power movement
1713:Non-Aligned Movement
1084:Socialist patriotism
880:Dwight D. Eisenhower
713:Consensus government
703:Coalition government
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302:Classical radicalism
2336:Politics portal
2242:National Bolshevism
2232:Cult of personality
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1161:Ho Chi Minh Thought
847:multi-party systems
832:Partisan (military)
794:Politics portal
743:Rotation government
733:Minority government
728:Majority government
693:Parliamentary group
550:Leadership election
227:Christian democracy
2857:Soviet phraseology
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1733:Great Leap Forward
1661:Chinese Revolution
1334:Kaysone Phomvihane
1049:People's democracy
987:Collective farming
860:The American Voter
698:Divided government
592:Crossing the floor
538:Internal elections
510:Party spokesperson
421:Single-issue party
111:Political Spectrum
58:encyclopedic style
45:is written like a
2862:Political parties
2549:Political faction
2529:Macropartisanship
2384:
2383:
1723:Sino-Soviet split
1629:Spanish Civil War
1549:Guerrilla Warfare
1511:Theoretical works
1429:Władysław Gomułka
1409:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1359:Nikos Zachariadis
1279:Nikita Khrushchev
1259:Palmiro Togliatti
1029:Labor aristocracy
1007:Dialectical logic
888:elected president
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1703:De-Stalinization
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1319:Klement Gottwald
1314:Valko Chervenkov
1299:Lazar Kaganovich
975:Central planning
970:Anti-revisionism
965:Anti-imperialism
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937:Marxism–Leninism
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873:John B. Anderson
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1289:Josip Broz Tito
1284:Walter Ulbricht
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1858:
1853:
1846:Czechoslovakia
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
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1496:
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1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Thomas Sankara
1436:
1431:
1426:
1424:Erich Honecker
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1374:Agostinho Neto
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Khalid Bakdash
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Võ Nguyên Giáp
1266:
1261:
1256:
1254:Maurice Thorez
1251:
1246:
1244:Ehmetjan Qasim
1241:
1236:
1234:Ernst Thälmann
1231:
1226:
1221:
1219:Vladimir Lenin
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
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1178:
1173:
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1139:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1076:
1074:Social fascism
1071:
1069:Self-criticism
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
983:
982:
972:
967:
962:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
940:
939:
933:
932:
921:
918:
908:Lyndon Johnson
854:
851:
826:
825:
823:
822:
815:
808:
800:
797:
796:
783:
782:
778:
777:
772:
767:
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746:
745:
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695:
689:
688:
682:
681:
678:
677:
672:
671:
669:
668:
662:
660:
659:
654:
649:
647:Dominant-party
643:
641:
640:
634:
629:
624:
623:
620:
619:
615:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
583:
582:
577:
576:
573:
572:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
528:
527:
522:
520:Shadow cabinet
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
470:Lead candidate
467:
462:
457:
452:
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
433:
432:
423:
418:
413:
411:Party of power
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
277:Libertarianism
274:
269:
264:
259:
257:Green politics
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
213:
212:
206:
205:
202:
201:
196:
195:
193:
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187:
181:
178:
177:
171:
170:
168:
167:
162:
160:Radical Centre
157:
151:
148:
147:
141:
140:
138:
137:
132:
126:
123:
122:
114:
109:
108:
105:
104:
102:Party politics
98:
97:
84:
83:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2874:
2863:
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2723:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2692:
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2676:
2672:
2666:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2639:
2633:
2632:(2001) p. 271
2631:
2624:
2617:
2611:
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2601:9781585441570
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2258:
2255:
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2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2220:Mass killings
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2206:Mass killings
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
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2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
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2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:Organizations
2051:
2050:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1852:
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1848:
1847:
1844:
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1839:
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1834:
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1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Prague Spring
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1684:
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1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
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1654:
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1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1499:Todor Zhivkov
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Harry Pollitt
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Samora Machel
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Hardial Bains
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:Deng Xiaoping
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:Mátyás Rákosi
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:Joseph Stalin
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:Khrushchevism
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1133:Unified power
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:Popular front
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
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1027:
1025:
1020:
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1008:
1005:
1003:
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988:
985:
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978:
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961:
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951:
950:
946:
942:
941:
938:
935:
934:
930:
926:
925:
916:
911:
909:
905:
900:
898:
897:Richard Nixon
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
864:
862:
861:
853:United States
850:
848:
844:
840:
833:
821:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
801:
799:
798:
795:
790:
785:
784:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
758:
753:
752:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
685:
680:
679:
667:
664:
663:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
639:
636:
635:
633:
632:
627:
626:Party systems
622:
621:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
580:
575:
574:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
535:
534:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
440:
439:
431:
430:International
427:
426:Transnational
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
337:
336:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
307:Republicanism
305:
303:
300:
298:
297:Progressivism
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
210:
204:
203:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
180:
179:
176:
173:
172:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
150:
149:
146:
143:
142:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
125:
124:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
88:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
2818:
2810:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2742:
2734:
2729:
2721:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2690:
2685:
2670:
2665:
2645:
2638:
2629:
2623:
2615:
2610:
2585:
2577:
2559:Sectarianism
2496:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2454:
2443:Thrasymachus
2438:
2436:
2431:
2424:Peter Struve
2417:
2413:Soviet Union
2387:
2386:
2385:
2274:Second World
1988:Turkmenistan
1923:Soviet Union
1863:East Germany
1686:2002–present
1656:Eastern Bloc
1634:World War II
1582:Soviet Union
1459:Alfonso Cano
1414:Gustáv Husák
1404:Sanzō Nosaka
1369:Fidel Castro
1274:Earl Browder
1118:Third Period
1043:
913:
901:
877:
865:
858:
856:
838:
836:
666:Non-partisan
505:Party leader
465:Frontbencher
460:Caucus chair
396:Ruling party
377:Ethnic party
357:Cartel party
237:Conservatism
185:Centre-Right
165:Centre-Right
93:Part of the
87:
72:
63:
44:
18:Partisanship
2539:Nonpartisan
2481:Partiinost'
2474:partiinost'
2462:partiinost'
2439:partiinost'
2432:partiinost'
2393:партийность
2388:Partiinost'
2257:Red fascism
1918:South Yemen
1898:North Korea
1791:Afghanistan
1718:Vietnam War
1708:Warsaw Pact
1624:Great Purge
1609:Great Break
1479:Harpal Brar
1419:János Kádár
1389:Kim Il Sung
1364:Che Guevara
1329:Enver Hoxha
1264:Ho Chi Minh
1123:Vanguardism
1044:Partiinost'
904:Sam Rayburn
657:Multi-party
500:Party chair
450:Backbencher
386:Minor party
382:Major party
362:Competitive
352:Elite party
287:Nationalism
217:Agrarianism
155:Centre-Left
135:Centre-Left
66:August 2018
2846:Categories
2447:Xenophanes
2178:Trotskyism
2163:Bolshevism
2030:Montenegro
2010:Yugoslavia
1998:Uzbekistan
1983:Tajikistan
1958:Kyrgyzstan
1953:Kazakhstan
1933:Azerbaijan
1893:Mozambique
1785:By country
1693:Korean War
1489:Xi Jinping
1449:Siad Barre
1379:Lúcio Lara
1229:Mao Zedong
878:President
869:Ross Perot
684:Coalitions
602:Party line
391:Mass party
347:Bloc party
322:Syncretism
282:Monarchism
272:Liberalism
209:Ideologies
175:Right-Wing
2797:1094-2939
2679:906319417
2451:Karl Marx
2428:Bourgeois
2262:Red Scare
2247:New class
2065:Comintern
2025:Macedonia
1968:Lithuania
1815:Cambodia
1681:1989–2002
1676:1976–1989
1671:1949–1976
1602:1982–1991
1597:1964–1982
1592:1953–1964
1587:1927–1953
1394:Chin Peng
1249:José Díaz
1196:Stalinism
1156:Guevarism
1151:Castroism
1106:Socialist
875:in 1980.
652:Two-party
638:One-party
555:Open list
515:Secretary
327:Third Way
317:Socialism
232:Communism
222:Anarchism
190:Far-Right
120:Left-Wing
2819:partisan
2502:See also
2493:Research
2190:See also
2168:Leninism
2040:Slovenia
1938:Byelarus
1888:Mongolia
1868:Ethiopia
1856:Slovakia
1811:Bulgaria
1651:Cold War
1469:Gus Hall
1176:Kádárism
1171:Husakism
1166:Hoxhaism
1145:Variants
1094:Yugoslav
954:Concepts
929:a series
927:Part of
892:Truman's
886:and was
839:partisan
292:Populism
267:Islamism
262:Hindutva
252:Feminism
130:Far-Left
2401:Chinese
2060:Comecon
2020:Croatia
2005:Vietnam
1993:Ukraine
1973:Moldova
1948:Georgia
1943:Estonia
1928:Armenia
1913:Somalia
1908:Romania
1878:Hungary
1873:Grenada
1851:Czechia
1824:1979–92
1819:1975–79
1796:Albania
1576:History
1354:Pol Pot
1201:Titoism
247:Fascism
52:Please
2836:TED-Ed
2795:
2677:
2653:
2618:(2013)
2598:
2455:should
2449:, and
2403::
2267:Second
2035:Serbia
1978:Russia
1963:Latvia
1903:Poland
1801:Angola
1213:People
1186:Maoism
1089:Soviet
455:Caucus
207:Major
145:Centre
2570:Notes
1836:Congo
1831:China
1806:Benin
1666:China
1101:State
845:. In
340:Types
2834:– a
2793:ISSN
2675:OCLC
2651:ISBN
2596:ISBN
1883:Laos
1841:Cuba
1017:Foco
525:Whip
2783:doi
2592:139
2848::
2791:.
2779:22
2777:.
2773:.
2594:.
2468::
2445:,
2405:党性
931:on
837:A
428:/
384:/
2799:.
2785::
2659:.
2604:.
2375:e
2368:t
2361:v
834:.
819:e
812:t
805:v
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
60:.
20:)
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