874:
by governing executive parties varies across governments in ways that reflect power-sharing arrangements. The main power-sharing arrangement that impacts pledge fulfillment distinguishes between single-party governments and coalitions, not between governments with and without legislative majorities. We found the highest percentages of pledge fulfillment for governing parties in the United
Kingdom, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, and Canada, most of which governed in single-party executives. We found lower percentages for governing parties in Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Bulgaria, Ireland, and Italy, most of which governed in coalitions. Pledge fulfillment by U.S. presidential parties lies at the higher end of coalition governments, which suggests that U.S. presidents are more constrained than governing parties in single-party parliamentary systems, but less constrained than most governing parties in multiparty coalitions.
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Parties that hold executive office after elections generally fulfill substantial percentages, sometimes very high percentages, of their election pledges, whereas parties that do not hold executive office generally find that lower percentages of their pledges are fulfilled. The fulfillment of pledges
842:, literally meaning "flat form". The political meaning of the word to reflect "statement of party politics" is from 1803, probably originally an image of a literal platform on which politicians gather, stand, and make their appeals.
792: – the opinions and viewpoints about an individual topic, as held by a party, person, or organization. The word "plank" depicts a component of an overall political platform, as a metaphorical reference to a basic
864:
that analyzed 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States) found that political parties in government fulfill their
1174:
788:, to appeal to the general public, for the ultimate purpose of garnering the general public's support and votes about complicated topics or issues. A component of a political platform is often called a
1257:
Thomson, Robert; Royed, Terry; Naurin, Elin; ArtĂ©s, JoaquĂn; Costello, Rory; Ennser-Jedenastik, Laurenz; Ferguson, Mark; Kostadinova, Petia; Moury, Catherine (2017-07-01).
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voted in line with their respective party platforms 74 per cent and 89 per cent of the time, respectively.
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819:, political parties in power are highly likely to fulfill their election promises, research has found.
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In the United
Kingdom and certain other countries, the party platform is referred to as the party's "
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815:" or political programme. The manifesto contains election pledges, or election promises. Across the
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National Party
Platforms of the United States, Presidential Candidates, Electoral and Popular Votes
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1259:"The Fulfillment of Parties' Election Pledges: A Comparative Study on the Impact of Power Sharing"
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into a society without money-usage, social classes, or state coercion, which would be called "
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at that time (both a religion and a political territory), and led to the establishment of
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1345:"We asked 8 political scientists if party platforms matter. Here's what we learned"
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List of
Liberal Party and Liberal Democrats (UK) general election manifestos
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Formal set of principal goals supported by a political party or candidate
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to voters to a considerable extent. The study determined that:
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Manifestos of Canada's major political parties since 1949
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800:. The metaphor can return to its literal origin when
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List of Labour Party (UK) general election manifestos
974:
that laid down the principles upon which the modern
878:Other research on the United States suggests that
1372:Platforms of U.S. political parties, 1840-present
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1402:The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1895
1392:The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1895
1160:List of democracy and elections-related topics
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1374:from the American Presidency Project at the
808:are actually held upon a physical platform.
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966:in 1834, a political manifesto issued by
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936:and proposed a constitution for the new
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1376:University of California, Santa Barbara
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1034:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
1004:to the development of society through
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1266:American Journal of Political Science
861:American Journal of Political Science
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1021:Social Democratic Party of Germany
905:in 1517, opposed practices of the
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1141:Example of a printed platform in
972:British general election of 1835
945:under "Publius", the collective
827:The first known use of the word
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854:Party manifesto - Hungary, 2024
1315:
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1112:United States Democratic Party
1050:United States Democratic Party
996:, called for the abolition of
1:
1325:. Online Etymology Dictionary
1195:
1396:Electronic Manifestos Canada
968:Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet
7:
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1120:, a focus of debate in the
708:Political parties by region
498:Party convention/conference
10:
1443:
1343:Stein, Jeff (2016-07-12).
893:Famous political platforms
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695:Lists of political parties
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978:was founded from the old
703:Ruling parties by country
676:National unity government
1002:scientific understanding
713:Banned political parties
413:Leader of the Opposition
381:Leaders and organization
344:Parliamentary opposition
1427:Political communication
1190:Stump speech (politics)
1103:Common Sense Revolution
1079:Liberal Party of Canada
1019:of the recently united
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1052:'s platform including
1023:, subject to a famous
899:The Ninety-Five Theses
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831:was in 1535. The word
1210:"Glossary: Manifesto"
1185:Party line (politics)
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1094:Contract with America
1068:Lyndon Baines Johnson
1025:critique by Karl Marx
970:, in a run-up to the
926:freedom from the rule
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646:Confidence and supply
503:Leadership convention
354:Official party status
310:Entrepreneurial party
1145:form: the 1912 U.S.
1040:Franklin Roosevelt's
858:A 2017 study in the
846:Fulfilling platforms
772:(American English),
651:Consensus government
641:Coalition government
433:Parliamentary leader
240:Classical radicalism
19:For other uses, see
1128:Heritage Foundation
1118:Clause IV Socialism
994:Communist Manifesto
732:Politics portal
681:Rotation government
671:Minority government
666:Majority government
631:Parliamentary group
488:Leadership election
165:Christian democracy
1279:10.1111/ajps.12313
1180:Mandate (politics)
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976:Conservative Party
964:Tamworth Manifesto
951:Alexander Hamilton
934:American Colonists
856:
796:made of boards or
636:Divided government
530:Crossing the floor
476:Internal elections
448:Party spokesperson
359:Single-issue party
49:Political Spectrum
1304:. Merriam Webster
1236:. Merriam Webster
1147:Progressive Party
924:(1776) advocated
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986:Friedrich Engels
884:Republican Party
880:Democratic Party
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517:Party discipline
483:Primary election
339:Opposition party
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1059:John F. Kennedy
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782:political party
778:party manifesto
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656:Grand coalition
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1352:. Retrieved
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1306:. Retrieved
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1238:. Retrieved
1228:
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1213:
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1132:Project 2025
1063:New Frontier
1054:civil rights
921:Common Sense
919:
918:'s pamphlet
916:Thomas Paine
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768:A political
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604:Non-partisan
443:Party leader
403:Frontbencher
398:Caucus chair
334:Ruling party
315:Ethnic party
295:Cartel party
175:Conservatism
123:Centre-Right
103:Centre-Right
31:Part of the
25:
1234:"Manifesto"
1099:Mike Harris
840:plate-forme
835:comes from
595:Multi-party
438:Party chair
388:Backbencher
324:Minor party
320:Major party
300:Competitive
290:Elite party
225:Nationalism
155:Agrarianism
93:Centre-Left
73:Centre-Left
1411:Categories
1354:2016-07-19
1329:2022-07-15
1323:"Platform"
1308:2012-11-07
1302:"Platform"
1240:2012-02-07
1219:2022-07-15
1196:References
1088:Republican
1030:Bolshevism
980:Tory party
622:Coalitions
540:Party line
329:Mass party
285:Bloc party
260:Syncretism
220:Monarchism
210:Liberalism
147:Ideologies
113:Right-Wing
1422:Elections
1288:1540-5907
1086:The 1994
1077:The 1993
1048:The 1948
1015:The 1875
1010:communism
1006:socialism
990:Karl Marx
947:pseudonym
813:manifesto
786:candidate
590:Two-party
576:One-party
493:Open list
453:Secretary
265:Third Way
255:Socialism
170:Communism
160:Anarchism
128:Far-Right
58:Left-Wing
21:Manifesto
1154:See also
1149:platform
1143:pamphlet
1101:'s 1995
1082:Red Book
1061:'s 1960
1044:New Deal
992:'s 1848
959:John Jay
932:for the
833:platform
829:platform
230:Populism
205:Islamism
200:Hindutva
190:Feminism
68:Far-Left
1114:in 2006
1110:of the
1032:of the
823:Origins
806:debates
185:Fascism
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1074:, 1964
1036:(1916)
957:, and
393:Caucus
145:Major
83:Centre
1386:1896
1262:(PDF)
1130:2024
1042:1932
794:stage
790:plank
776:, or
278:Types
1284:ISSN
1126:The
988:and
882:and
463:Whip
1349:Vox
1274:doi
1070:'s
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