63:
88:
42:
888:
to the Old World tropics. Little sexual dimorphism; plumage either greyish and fairly uniform at least on the upperside, or brown above, lighter below, and heavily streaked. Clear whistled vocalizations, usually melodic and louder than one would expect from birds of their size. Songs often complex, e.g. with social duetting, and apparently very important in species recognition.
306:" belong here) and rely on complex and often melodious vocalizations as social signals; others are less accomplished singers but produce a diversity of squeaking and twittering calls. The sexes usually look alike, though in some the males are noticeably brighter, typically with vivid yellow, green and blackish hues. Red plumage is usually due to
961:
Tentatively placed here; may belong in
Certhioidea. Some 5 species of tiny rotund Holarctic woodland insectivores. The smallest songbirds, and as a family the smallest living birds altogether by average length. Greenish-brownish above, dull whitish below, and with a bright yellow to red central patch
887:
Possible superfamily
Certhioidea (or Sittoidea) – wrens and allies. Insectivores, usually tiny. Expert climbers, most are capable of running up vertical trees or cliffs, some can even climb head-downwards. Predominantly palearctic, but two families entirely or almost so American, and one restricted
586:
The nine-primaried oscines unite most birds commonly called "sparrows" in North
American and "finches" in European English, as well as a number of other mostly American groups. They are divided into the fringillid radiation which is largely restricted to the Old World, and the numerous emberizoid
864:, ranging into the Old World tropics and North America. Little if any sexual dimorphism; may be brownish-grey or fairly bright and multicolored. In any case head plumage usually either fairly uniform and greyish, or with black markings, and/or crested. Songs usually repetitive chirped phrases.
513:; more often, however, sexes rather alike, with drab brownish plumage spotted and streaked (particularly on the underside) for camouflage. Many have highly accomplished, complex, melodious and loud songs; a considerable number is capable of sophisticated vocal mimicry.
504:
to the
Americas, two are almost cosmopolitan, but half the families are absent or nearly so from the Americas (and Australia). Many have strong legs and are capable of running on the ground quickly. Some brightly colored (often with dark bluish hues and/or
951:
4 species of smallish insectivorous "warblers" from tropical
African woodlands. Two- or three-toned, medium grey to blackish above, more or less intense yellowish below, some species with white wing markings. Sexual dimorphism slight; whistling
941:
nectar and associated insects. Medium-sized, with extremely long tails; drab coloration resembling a muscicapoid, sexes almost alike. Vocalizations similar to honeyeaters; males have specialized wing feathers that produce noise during courtship
802:
Possible superfamily "Dicaeoidea" – sunbirds and flowerpeckers. Small frugivores/nectarivores of the Old World tropics, typically sexually dimorphic, with bright and/or iridescent colors in males. Songs are simple chirping whistles.
1252:
Barker, F. K.; Burns, K. J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S. M.; Lovette, I. J. (2015). "New insights into New World biogeography: An integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies".
1322:
and differ little in size among each other, hummingbirds are a diverse order of nonpasseriform birds, including dozens of species which far exceed kinglets in length, and in many cases even in weight.
986:
These lineages have been assigned to the
Passerida in recent times, often based on DNA-DNA hybridization data. However, they are probably more basal among the songbirds and would belong either to the
243:
subclades outlined by Sibley & Ahlquist (1990). However, their content has been much revised. In addition, it has turned out that not all passeridan lineages neatly fit into this arrangement. The
275:
region. Few occur in the
Americas, highest diversity of families probably in subtropical East Asia and tropical Africa. Relationships of the latter are still not well-resolved as of 2019.
571:
with males among the most colorful birds alive. Songs tend to be fairly simple warbling and chirping, with many species relying as much or more on visual mating displays. Includes the
860:
Possible superfamily
Paroidea – titmice and allies. Small, round-headed, with tiny pointed bills. Forage acrobatically among twigs, mostly eating small insects and seeds. Generally
824:
frugivores; plumage silky and dark to greyish-brownish, with little if any sexual dimorphism. Ringing calls and usually quite vocal, but no dedicated song.
3639:
3269:
798:
Rather basal
Passerida, most of which seem to constitute several small but distinct superfamilies. Most occur in Asia, Africa and North America.
977:
birds alive, with clutch sizes of around 10 eggs, a maximum lifespan of merely around 5 years even in captivity, and an annual mortality of 80%.
548:. Placement of latter in Muscicapoidea seems robust, but inclusion in Sturnidae requires confirmation; possibly distinct family Rhabdornithidae.
2645:
2512:
3708:
2725:
2611:
294:" which for long united the bulk of the thrush-sized and sparrow-sized sylvioids, respectively. Sometimes, they were even united with the
3556:
2086:
1099:"New insights into family relationships within the avian superfamily Sylvioidea (Passeriformes) based on seven molecular markers"
1025:: tit berrypecker and crested berrypeckers. Formerly in Dicaeidae or Melanocharitidae; possibly Corvoidea closely related to
314:, and blue coloration is rarely found in this superfamily. Even in the more colorful species the plumage is usually quite
298:
as one huge "family" including most "songsters". Usually skulking in shrubby vegetation, many are extremely drab (most of
1408:
496:
Generally middle-sized insectivores, with frugivory also very important; near-global distribution centered on Old World
966:
which lay only 2 eggs per clutch and can live up to a dozen years or more, kinglets are (together with some small
1318:
are - at least excepting the bill - shorter and much lighter than kinglets. But while the latter are one small
1331:
Jønsson, Knud A.; Fjeldså, Jon (2006). "A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri)".
1213:"Going to extremes: Contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds"
1366:
5412:
1019:: berrypeckers and longbills. Formerly in Dicaeidae; possibly Corvoidea closely related to cuckooshrikes.
17:
1181:
1063:: wattle-eyes or puffback flycatchers. Formerly in Muscicapidae; probably Corvoidea closely related to
87:
5458:
588:
200:
70:
2682:
1401:
997:: ioras. Formerly in Irenidae, and may be closely related; possibly Corvoidea closely related to
599:" passeroid; its relationships were long disputed as its outward appearance and ecology resemble
434:
1386:
5430:
5352:
362:
5425:
1185:
962:
on the top of the head. Rapid twittering high-pitched chirps, easier heard than seen. Unlike
678:
657:
645:
572:
49:
882:: stenostirids ("flycatcher-tits"). A newly assembled family; sometimes included in Paridae.
5399:
2859:
1844:
606:
583:, with only Motacillidae naturally occurring in the Americas and Estrildidae in Australia.
382:: doubtfully distinct from Cettiidae; not recognised by Gill and Donsker who consider the
62:
8:
5390:
3962:
3467:
1376:
1150:"A review of the recent advances in the systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea"
5453:
2336:
1394:
1350:
1270:
1125:
1098:
934:
545:
212:
82:
591:
Calcariidae have reached the Old World unaided by humans. Besides these, the singular
4745:
4646:
3600:
2817:
1346:
1333:
1234:
1149:
1130:
576:
568:
510:
501:
283:
279:
1354:
1288:
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E., eds. (2019).
1274:
5463:
4408:
2803:
1342:
1262:
1224:
1161:
1120:
1110:
1016:
990:
or the allied basal lineages. Most of them are either
African or Wallacean groups.
737:
707:
610:
479:
303:
5404:
5417:
5305:
4119:
3789:
2915:
2654:
2217:
2027:
1287:
897:
839:
743:
632:: Przewalski's finch. Recently split from Fringillidae; tentatively placed here.
629:
367:
5085:
5036:
4826:
4731:
4551:
4443:
4336:
4291:
4263:
3755:
3474:
3458:
3351:
3023:
2620:
1908:
1897:
1372:
1362:
1211:
Barker, F. K.; Burns, K. J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S. M.; Lovette, I. J. (2013).
1060:
731:
463:
445:
406:
399:
322:
291:
5447:
5375:
5298:
5270:
5139:
5103:
4994:
4938:
4910:
4896:
4484:
4461:
4373:
4249:
4221:
4148:
4128:
4004:
3810:
3724:
3621:
3207:
3200:
3158:
3151:
2908:
2852:
2810:
2591:
2485:
2443:
2358:
2287:
2280:
2208:
2188:
2134:
2096:
1957:
1917:
1752:
1676:
1651:
1503:
1166:
1115:
1077:
1032:
1022:
1004:
915:
909:
879:
827:
820:
Possible superfamily Bombycilloidea – waxwings and allies. Mid-sized, mostly
806:
773:
749:
719:
668:
596:
592:
439:
358:
256:
178:
1229:
1212:
5256:
5233:
5201:
5187:
5173:
5092:
5078:
4945:
4931:
4924:
4866:
4835:
4808:
4780:
4773:
4722:
4697:
4574:
4512:
4387:
4380:
4277:
4270:
4256:
4139:
4099:
3934:
3927:
3904:
3872:
3717:
3662:
3586:
3536:
3529:
3513:
3495:
3372:
3310:
3221:
3106:
3064:
2981:
2796:
2627:
2602:
2584:
2563:
2542:
2503:
2322:
2294:
2238:
2224:
2157:
2016:
1977:
1761:
1697:
1623:
1616:
1602:
1588:
1554:
1238:
1134:
998:
994:
963:
924:
845:
761:
713:
683:
674:
662:
587:
families of the Americas, of which in turn only Emberizidae and the Arctic
523:
457:
430:
418:
412:
373:
340:
328:
307:
287:
272:
224:
1289:
5384:
5326:
5242:
5208:
5043:
5015:
4987:
4846:
4801:
4738:
4704:
4606:
4588:
4540:
4498:
4491:
4470:
4436:
4429:
4325:
4318:
4298:
4235:
4214:
4200:
4074:
4067:
4025:
3955:
3941:
3824:
3766:
3746:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3579:
3287:
3120:
3092:
3030:
3009:
2929:
2922:
2787:
2762:
2689:
2577:
2549:
2521:
2478:
2407:
2329:
2315:
2273:
2266:
2252:
2245:
2065:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2009:
1869:
1833:
1793:
1727:
1686:
1609:
1595:
1482:
1315:
1266:
1064:
1046:
861:
779:
767:
755:
635:
623:
506:
484:
451:
424:
393:
387:
299:
183:
5277:
5249:
5159:
5150:
5112:
5050:
5029:
4980:
4959:
4903:
4889:
4875:
4794:
4752:
4581:
4567:
4505:
4345:
4207:
4176:
4108:
4081:
4046:
4039:
4032:
3983:
3920:
3844:
3817:
3796:
3782:
3628:
3593:
3522:
3481:
3446:
3386:
3358:
3324:
3276:
3235:
3214:
3193:
3179:
3144:
3057:
3040:
3016:
2995:
2950:
2873:
2845:
2824:
2741:
2703:
2668:
2570:
2528:
2367:
2308:
2301:
2197:
2150:
2143:
2107:
1986:
1966:
1926:
1813:
1782:
1768:
1665:
1658:
1574:
1524:
1513:
1036:
971:
946:
938:
930:
903:
725:
701:
617:
564:
535:
334:
318:
in the natural habitat, but numerous have contrasting facial patterns.
248:
216:
173:
5319:
5215:
5123:
5022:
4917:
4787:
4766:
4662:
4626:
4595:
4560:
4533:
4519:
4477:
4450:
4415:
4401:
4394:
4155:
4053:
3976:
3969:
3948:
3893:
3886:
3858:
3835:
3775:
3655:
3547:
3488:
3393:
3379:
3303:
3172:
3137:
3130:
3113:
3078:
2972:
2957:
2901:
2887:
2866:
2776:
2696:
2661:
2634:
2556:
2492:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2387:
2231:
2123:
1890:
1881:
1734:
1718:
1707:
1637:
1581:
1026:
987:
956:
873:
821:
812:
695:
689:
641:
601:
580:
541:
517:
475:
469:
352:
346:
260:
252:
204:
139:
99:
5346:
1043:) and sometimes considered the basal living branch of the Passerida.
595:
from North to Central America apparently represents a very ancient "
5369:
5291:
5194:
5180:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5001:
4966:
4952:
4855:
4815:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4526:
4366:
4309:
4183:
4169:
4162:
4018:
4011:
3997:
3865:
3803:
3607:
3572:
3502:
3414:
3344:
3335:
3296:
3253:
3099:
3085:
2988:
2943:
2936:
2894:
2880:
2838:
2831:
2734:
2675:
2535:
2416:
2376:
2343:
2259:
2168:
2000:
1545:
1492:
1437:
1050:
1010:
891:
852:
651:
529:
379:
149:
119:
1097:
Fregin, Silke; Haase, Martin; Olsson, Urban; Alström, Per (2012).
219:). While more recent research suggests that its sister parvorder,
5222:
5166:
5132:
4973:
4882:
4759:
4711:
4655:
4635:
4615:
4284:
4228:
4190:
4088:
3731:
3648:
3614:
3400:
3242:
3228:
3186:
3071:
3002:
2769:
2755:
2748:
2710:
2436:
2427:
2396:
2116:
1937:
1775:
1644:
1565:
1534:
1449:
1416:
867:
833:
563:
Mostly smallish herbivores, near-global distribution centered on
551:
526:: Old World flycatchers and chats. Monophyly needs confirmation.
497:
315:
311:
244:
220:
208:
41:
5312:
5263:
4242:
4060:
3990:
3913:
3851:
3565:
3407:
3365:
3317:
3165:
3047:
1431:
383:
109:
1007:: leafbirds. Formerly in Irenidae, and may be closely related.
5284:
4422:
4359:
4352:
3879:
2471:
2177:
1946:
1741:
1630:
1443:
1319:
967:
228:
1035:: rockfowl. Formerly in "Timaliidae", but possibly close to
1013:; fairy-bluebirds. Formerly in "Timaliidae" or Pycnonotidae.
5008:
271:
Mostly smallish insectivores, distribution centered on the
129:
247:
are so distinct that they might actually form a separate
1096:
692:: grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles
1251:
1210:
955:
Possible monotypic superfamily Reguloidea – kinglets (
644:: weavers. Certain members of Ploceidae, such as the
1363:
Passerida. Version 23 June 2008 (under construction).
532:: thrushes and allies. Monophyly needs confirmation.
4196:
3265:
3126:
3053:
3036:
2092:
2082:
1997:
648:
are well known for their elaborate sexual ornaments.
538:: oxpeckers. Formerly usually included in Sturnidae.
259:. See Jønsson & Fjeldså (2006) for details on
923:Possible monotypic superfamily N.N.: sugarbirds (
876:: penduline tits. Sometimes included in Paridae.
5445:
1148:Alström, Per; Olsson, Urban; Lei, Fumin (2013).
1147:
855:: Hawaiian honeyeaters. Tentatively placed here.
251:, as they are only slightly less basal than the
945:Possible monotypic superfamily N.N.: hyliotas (
239:The Passerida quite certainly consist of the 3
1330:
842:: silky flycatchers. Tentatively placed here.
295:
1402:
638:: estrildid finches (waxbills, munias, etc.)
605:warblers, but its anatomy is in some aspects
686:: New World nine-primaried oscine radiation
491:
234:
1180:
790:
1409:
1395:
1281:
1245:
1204:
558:
61:
40:
1383:. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.
1228:
1165:
1124:
1114:
981:
266:
215:practice would place them at the rank of
1294:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
900:: wallcreeper. Tentatively placed here.
848:: hypocolius. Tentatively placed here.
14:
5446:
227:grouping, the Passerida as a distinct
5351:
5350:
3444:
1867:
1468:
1390:
1381:Phylogeny and classification of birds
1192:. International Ornithologists' Union
836:: palmchat. Tentatively placed here.
509:) and in such cases usually strongly
734:: mitrospingid tanagers and allies
24:
1174:
25:
5475:
1049:: rockjumpers. Possibly close to
579:radiation is mostly found in the
355:: cettia bush warblers and allies
1347:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x
86:
1868:
1184:; Donsker, David, eds. (2018).
870:: tits, chickadees and titmice
567:and Americas. Often pronounced
3445:
1308:
1141:
1090:
933:; 2 species restricted to the
929:Relatives of the Australasian
677:: true finches. Includes the
207:contained within the suborder
13:
1:
1469:
1083:
782:: snow buntings and longspurs
554:: mockingbirds and thrashers
337:: babblers, scimitar babblers
325:: laughingthrushes and allies
1369:. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
1367:The Tree of Life Web Project
466:: crombecs, African warblers
331:: fulvettas, ground babblers
7:
1190:World Bird List Version 8.2
1071:
575:(probably a subclade). The
409:: leaf warblers and allies.
10:
5480:
1296:. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona
544:: starlings and possibly
448:: reed warblers and allies
5359:
5232:
5149:
5122:
5102:
4865:
4845:
4825:
4721:
4645:
4625:
4605:
4550:
4460:
4335:
4308:
4138:
4118:
4098:
3903:
3834:
3765:
3745:
3707:
3638:
3555:
3546:
3512:
3457:
3453:
3440:
3334:
3286:
3261:
3252:
2971:
2786:
2724:
2644:
2610:
2601:
2511:
2502:
2426:
2406:
2386:
2366:
2357:
2207:
2187:
2167:
2133:
2106:
2073:
2064:
2026:
1996:
1976:
1956:
1936:
1916:
1907:
1880:
1876:
1863:
1832:
1812:
1792:
1751:
1717:
1696:
1675:
1564:
1544:
1523:
1502:
1481:
1477:
1464:
1426:
949:; formerly in Sylviidae).
654:: indigobirds and whydahs
492:Superfamily Muscicapoidea
235:Systematics and phylogeny
170:
165:
83:Scientific classification
81:
69:
60:
48:
39:
34:
1421:and their extinct allies
1167:10.5122/cbirds.2013.0016
1116:10.1186/1471-2148-12-157
1103:BMC Evolutionary Biology
201:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
71:Grey-streaked flycatcher
1361:Harshman, John (2008).
752:: Puerto Rican tanager
704:: yellow-breasted chat
559:Superfamily Passeroidea
460:: cisticolas and allies
442:: grassbirds and allies
435:black-capped donacobius
982:Probably not Passerida
937:and mainly feeding on
740:: rosy thrush tanager
728:: tanagers and allies
710:: Hispaniolan tanagers
679:Hawaiian honeycreepers
665:: wagtails and pipits
658:Nine-primaried oscines
573:nine-primaried oscines
363:streaked scrub warbler
267:Superfamily Sylvioidea
75:Muscicapa griseisticta
5426:Paleobiology Database
1230:10.1093/sysbio/sys094
698:: New World warblers
646:long-tailed widowbird
427:: Madagascan warblers
231:are widely accepted.
50:Eurasian tree sparrow
1377:Ahlquist, Jon Edward
1373:Sibley, Charles Gald
1267:10.1642/AUK-14-110.1
776:: American sparrows
370:: yellow flycatchers
546:Philippine creepers
421:: swallows, martins
1217:Systematic Biology
935:Cape Floral Region
511:sexually dimorphic
349:: sylviid babblers
280:Old World babblers
5441:
5440:
5353:Taxon identifiers
5344:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
4647:Paradoxornithidae
3741:
3740:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
2967:
2966:
2720:
2719:
2353:
2352:
2060:
2059:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
569:sexual dimorphism
304:little brown jobs
284:Old World warbler
194:
193:
16:(Redirected from
5471:
5459:Bird infraorders
5434:
5433:
5421:
5420:
5408:
5407:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5348:
5347:
4198:
3553:
3552:
3455:
3454:
3442:
3441:
3267:
3259:
3258:
3128:
3055:
3038:
2608:
2607:
2509:
2508:
2364:
2363:
2094:
2084:
2071:
2070:
1999:
1914:
1913:
1878:
1877:
1865:
1864:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1465:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1358:
1323:
1314:Many species of
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1094:
1017:Melanocharitidae
815:: flowerpeckers
746:: chat-tanagers
738:Rhodinocichlidae
722:: Cuban warblers
708:Phaenicophilidae
671:: olive warbler
620:: true sparrows
613:with sylvioids.
611:symplesiomorphic
500:. One family is
480:bearded reedling
91:
90:
65:
44:
32:
31:
21:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5429:
5424:
5416:
5411:
5403:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5355:
5345:
5332:
5306:Tephrozosterops
5228:
5145:
5118:
5098:
4861:
4841:
4821:
4717:
4641:
4621:
4601:
4546:
4456:
4331:
4304:
4134:
4120:Erythrocercidae
4114:
4094:
3899:
3830:
3790:Cryptosylvicola
3761:
3737:
3703:
3634:
3542:
3508:
3449:
3420:
3330:
3282:
3248:
2963:
2782:
2716:
2640:
2597:
2498:
2422:
2402:
2382:
2349:
2218:Campylorhynchus
2203:
2183:
2163:
2129:
2102:
2056:
2028:Ptiliogonatidae
2022:
1992:
1972:
1952:
1932:
1903:
1872:
1851:
1828:
1808:
1788:
1747:
1713:
1692:
1671:
1560:
1540:
1519:
1498:
1473:
1460:
1422:
1415:
1327:
1326:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1290:"Passeriformes"
1286:
1282:
1250:
1246:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1179:
1175:
1146:
1142:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1074:
984:
960:
950:
928:
918:: gnatcatchers
906:: treecreepers
898:Tichodromadidae
840:Ptiliogonatidae
796:
744:Calyptophilidae
630:Urocynchramidae
561:
494:
368:Erythrocercidae
269:
237:
85:
54:Passer montanus
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5477:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5422:
5409:
5396:
5381:
5365:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5238:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5155:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5136:
5128:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5108:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5089:
5086:Thescelocichla
5082:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5037:Phyllastrephus
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4851:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4831:
4829:
4827:Phylloscopidae
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4732:Gampsorhynchus
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4651:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4611:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4554:
4552:Macrosphenidae
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4444:Trochalopteron
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4341:
4339:
4337:Leiothrichidae
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4295:
4292:Stelgidopteryx
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4264:Pseudochelidon
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3642:
3640:Certhilaudinae
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3475:Calamonastides
3471:
3463:
3461:
3459:Acrocephalidae
3451:
3450:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3352:Chlamydochaera
3348:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3051:
3044:
3034:
3027:
3024:Cinnyricinclus
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2432:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2079:
2077:
2075:incertae sedis
2068:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1909:Bombycilloidea
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1528:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1370:
1359:
1341:(2): 149–186.
1325:
1324:
1307:
1280:
1261:(2): 333–348.
1244:
1223:(2): 298–320.
1203:
1186:"Family index"
1173:
1140:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1061:Platysteiridae
1058:
1044:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
983:
980:
979:
978:
953:
943:
921:
920:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
885:
884:
883:
877:
871:
858:
857:
856:
849:
843:
837:
831:
818:
817:
816:
810:
795:
793:incertae sedis
789:
788:
787:
786:
785:
784:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
758:: spindalises
753:
747:
741:
735:
732:Mitrospingidae
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
681:
672:
666:
655:
649:
639:
633:
627:
621:
560:
557:
556:
555:
549:
539:
533:
527:
521:
493:
490:
489:
488:
482:
473:
467:
464:Macrosphenidae
461:
455:
449:
446:Acrocephalidae
443:
437:
428:
422:
416:
410:
407:Phylloscopidae
404:
400:Incertae sedis
377:
371:
365:
356:
350:
344:
338:
332:
326:
323:Leiothrichidae
286:", two highly
278:Includes the "
268:
265:
236:
233:
199:is, under the
192:
191:
187:
186:
181:
176:
168:
167:
166:Superfamilies
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
79:
78:
67:
66:
58:
57:
46:
45:
37:
36:
27:Clade of birds
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5476:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5299:Sterrhoptilus
5296:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5271:Megazosterops
5268:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5104:Scotocercidae
5101:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4939:Calyptocichla
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4911:Arizelocichla
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4897:Altimastillas
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4485:Cincloramphus
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4462:Locustellidae
4459:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4374:Grammatoptila
4371:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4250:Psalidoprocne
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4222:Petrochelidon
4219:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4149:Alopochelidon
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4129:Erythrocercus
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4005:Micromacronus
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3725:Heteromirafra
3722:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3622:Melanocorypha
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:Meridiocichla
3264:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:Speculipastor
3205:
3203:
3202:
3201:Scissirostrum
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3152:Onychognathus
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:Myrmecocichla
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2853:Heteroxenicus
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:Campicoloides
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2592:Xenocopsychus
2589:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2486:Ramphocinclus
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2444:Cinclocerthia
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:Muscicapoidea
2356:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:Odontorchilus
2285:
2283:
2282:
2281:Microcerculus
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2209:Troglodytidae
2206:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2189:Tichodromidae
2186:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2135:Polioptilidae
2132:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2097:Kischinskinia
2091:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1958:Hylocitreidae
1955:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1918:Bombycillidae
1915:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1753:Stenostiridae
1750:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:Picathartidae
1674:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1652:Pseudopodoces
1649:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:Chloropseidae
1501:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1334:Zool. Scripta
1329:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1168:
1163:
1160:(2): 99–131.
1159:
1155:
1154:Chinese Birds
1151:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1109:(157): 1–12.
1108:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1078:List of birds
1076:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:Picathartidae
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:Paramythiidae
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:Chloropseidae
1003:
1000:
999:cuckooshrikes
996:
993:
992:
991:
989:
976:
974:
969:
965:
958:
954:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
926:
922:
917:
916:Polioptilidae
914:
911:
910:Troglodytidae
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:: nuthatches
893:
890:
889:
886:
881:
880:Stenostiridae
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
863:
859:
854:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
828:Bombycillidae
826:
825:
823:
819:
814:
811:
808:
807:Nectariniidae
805:
804:
801:
800:
799:
794:
781:
778:
775:
774:Passerellidae
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:Nesospingidae
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:Teretistridae
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
685:
682:
680:
676:
673:
670:
669:Peucedramidae
667:
664:
661:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
614:
612:
608:
604:
603:
598:
597:living fossil
594:
593:olive warbler
590:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
553:
550:
547:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
515:
514:
512:
508:
503:
499:
486:
483:
481:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
440:Locustellidae
438:
436:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
401:
396:
395:
390:
389:
385:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
364:
360:
359:Scotocercidae
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
320:
319:
317:
313:
309:
308:phaeomelanins
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:wastebin taxa
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
264:
262:
258:
257:Picathartidae
254:
250:
246:
242:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:, one of two
202:
198:
190:
189:and see text
185:
182:
180:
179:Muscicapoidea
177:
175:
172:
171:
169:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:Passeriformes
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
89:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5360:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5257:Dasycrotapha
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:Zosteropidae
5221:
5214:
5207:
5202:Pomatorhinus
5200:
5193:
5188:Melanocichla
5186:
5179:
5174:Erythrogenys
5172:
5165:
5158:
5138:
5131:
5111:
5093:Tricholestes
5091:
5084:
5079:Stelgidillas
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4946:Chlorocichla
4944:
4937:
4932:Brachypodius
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:Pycnonotidae
4854:
4836:Phylloscopus
4834:
4814:
4809:Schoeniparus
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4781:Malacopteron
4779:
4774:Malacocincla
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4723:Pellorneidae
4710:
4703:
4698:Paradoxornis
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4634:
4614:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4575:Macrosphenus
4573:
4566:
4559:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4388:Ianthocincla
4386:
4381:Heterophasia
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4324:
4317:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4278:Pygochelidon
4276:
4271:Ptyonoprogne
4269:
4262:
4257:Pseudhirundo
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:Hirundinidae
4127:
4107:
4100:Donacobiidae
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3935:Calamonastes
3933:
3928:Bathmocercus
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:Cisticolidae
3892:
3885:
3878:
3873:Phyllergates
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3754:
3730:
3723:
3718:Calendulauda
3716:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3663:Ammomanopsis
3661:
3654:
3647:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3587:Chersophilus
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3537:Psaltriparus
3535:
3530:Leptopoecile
3528:
3521:
3514:Aegithalidae
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3468:Acrocephalus
3466:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3373:Entomodestes
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3323:
3316:
3311:Neocossyphus
3309:
3302:
3295:
3275:
3268:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3222:Streptocitta
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3119:
3112:
3107:Lamprotornis
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3065:Goodfellowia
3063:
3056:
3046:
3039:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2982:Acridotheres
2980:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2797:Brachypteryx
2795:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2633:
2628:Cercotrichas
2626:
2619:
2603:Muscicapinae
2590:
2585:Swynnertonia
2583:
2576:
2569:
2564:Pogonocichla
2562:
2555:
2548:
2543:Cossyphicula
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2504:Muscicapidae
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2415:
2395:
2375:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2323:Thryorchilus
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2295:Pheugopedius
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2239:Cinnycerthia
2237:
2230:
2225:Cantorchilus
2223:
2216:
2196:
2176:
2158:Ramphocaenus
2156:
2149:
2142:
2122:
2115:
2095:
2085:
2074:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2015:
2008:
1985:
1978:Hypocoliidae
1965:
1945:
1925:
1896:
1889:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1762:Chelidorhynx
1760:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1706:
1698:Promeropidae
1685:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1624:Pardaliparus
1622:
1617:Melanochlora
1615:
1608:
1603:Machlolophus
1601:
1594:
1589:Cephalopyrus
1587:
1580:
1573:
1553:
1533:
1512:
1491:
1470:
1455:
1454:Infraorder:
1418:
1380:
1338:
1332:
1316:hummingbirds
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1189:
1176:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1065:bush-shrikes
1054:
1040:
995:Aegithinidae
985:
972:
964:hummingbirds
925:Promeropidae
846:Hypocoliidae
797:
792:
764:: cardinals
762:Cardinalidae
716:: wrenthrush
714:Zeledoniidae
684:Emberizoidea
675:Fringillidae
663:Motacillidae
626:: accentors
600:
585:
562:
524:Muscicapidae
495:
458:Cisticolidae
431:Donacobiidae
419:Hirundinidae
413:Pycnonotidae
398:
392:
386:
374:Aegithalidae
343:: white-eyes
341:Zosteropidae
329:Pellorneidae
310:rather than
300:birdwatchers
296:muscicapoids
288:paraphyletic
277:
273:Indo-Pacific
270:
240:
238:
225:monophyletic
196:
195:
188:
159:
156:Infraorder:
74:
53:
29:
5385:Wikispecies
5327:Zosterornis
5243:Apalopteron
5209:Spelaeornis
5044:Poliolophus
5016:Microtarsus
4847:Pnoepygidae
4802:Ptilocichla
4739:Graminicola
4705:Rhopophilus
4607:Nicatoridae
4589:Sphenoeacus
4541:Schoenicola
4499:Helopsaltes
4492:Elaphrornis
4471:Bradypterus
4437:Pterorhinus
4430:Montecincla
4326:Pholidornis
4299:Tachycineta
4236:Phedinopsis
4215:Orochelidon
4201:Miochelidon
4075:Schistolais
4068:Scepomycter
4026:Oreophilais
3956:Drymocichla
3942:Camaroptera
3825:Xanthomixis
3767:Bernieridae
3747:Alcippeidae
3698:Ramphocoris
3691:Pinarocorys
3684:Eremopterix
3677:Chersomanes
3670:Certhilauda
3580:Calandrella
3288:Myadestinae
3093:Hartlaubius
3031:Creatophora
3010:Arizelopsar
2930:Pinarochroa
2923:Phoenicurus
2788:Saxicolinae
2763:Leucoptilon
2690:Melaenornis
2646:Muscicapini
2578:Stiphrornis
2550:Dessonornis
2522:Chamaetylas
2513:Erithacinae
2479:Oreoscoptes
2408:Elachuridae
2337:Troglodytes
2330:Thryothorus
2316:Thryophilus
2274:Hylorchilus
2267:Henicorhina
2253:Cyphorhinus
2246:Cistothorus
2066:Certhioidea
2051:Ptiliogonys
2044:Phainoptila
2037:Phainopepla
2010:Chaetoptila
1870:Muscicapida
1845:Passeroidea
1834:Passeroidea
1823:See below ↓
1803:See below ↓
1794:Muscicapida
1728:Anthoscopus
1687:Picathartes
1610:Melaniparus
1596:Lophophanes
1483:Chaetopidae
1182:Gill, Frank
1055:Picathartes
1047:Chaetopidae
1037:rockjumpers
970:) the most
931:honeyeaters
862:Palaearctic
830:: waxwings
809:: sunbirds
780:Calcariidae
770:: buntings
768:Emberizidae
756:Spindalidae
636:Estrildidae
624:Prunellidae
589:circumpolar
507:iridescence
485:Nicatoridae
452:Pnoepygidae
425:Bernieridae
394:Pholidornis
223:, is not a
184:Passeroidea
18:Passeroidea
5448:Categories
5278:Parayuhina
5250:Cleptornis
5160:Cyanoderma
5151:Timaliidae
5113:Scotocerca
5051:Pycnonotus
4981:Hypsipetes
4960:Euptilotus
4904:Andropadus
4890:Alophoixus
4876:Acritillas
4795:Pellorneum
4753:Illadopsis
4746:Gypsophila
4582:Melocichla
4568:Cryptillas
4506:Locustella
4346:Actinodura
4208:Neophedina
4177:Cheramoeca
4109:Donacobius
4082:Spiloptila
4047:Phyllolais
4040:Phragmacia
4033:Orthotomus
3984:Hypergerus
3921:Artisornis
3845:Abroscopus
3818:Thamnornis
3797:Hartertula
3783:Crossleyia
3709:Mirafrinae
3629:Spizocorys
3601:Eremophila
3594:Eremalauda
3523:Aegithalos
3482:Chloropeta
3447:Sylvioidea
3387:Hylocichla
3359:Cichlopsis
3325:Stizorhina
3277:Pinarornis
3236:Sturnornis
3215:Spodiopsar
3194:Saroglossa
3180:Rhabdornis
3145:Notopholia
3058:Fregilupus
3041:Cryptopsar
3017:Basilornis
2996:Ampeliceps
2951:Thamnolaea
2874:Leonardina
2846:Heinrichia
2825:Emarginata
2818:Cinclidium
2742:Cyanoptila
2726:Niltavinae
2704:Namibornis
2669:Empidornis
2612:Copsychini
2571:Sheppardia
2529:Cichladusa
2368:Buphagidae
2309:Thryomanes
2302:Salpinctes
2198:Tichodroma
2151:Polioptila
2144:Microbates
2108:Certhiidae
1987:Hypocolius
1967:Hylocitrea
1927:Bombycilla
1814:Sylvioidea
1783:Stenostira
1769:Culicicapa
1666:Sylviparus
1659:Sittiparus
1575:Baeolophus
1525:Hyliotidae
1514:Chloropsis
1448:Suborder:
1419:passerides
1417:Genera of
1084:References
947:Hyliotidae
939:Proteaceae
904:Certhiidae
791:Passerida
726:Thraupidae
702:Icteriidae
618:Passeridae
607:convergent
565:Palearctic
536:Buphagidae
520:: dippers
487:: nicators
454:: cupwings
376:: bushtits
335:Timaliidae
249:infraorder
217:infraorder
211:(standard
205:parvorders
174:Sylvioidea
146:Suborder:
35:Passerida
5454:Passerida
5418:Passerida
5405:Passerida
5391:Passerida
5361:Passerida
5320:Zosterops
5216:Stachyris
5124:Sylviidae
5023:Neolestes
4918:Baeopogon
4788:Napothera
4767:Laticilla
4663:Chrysomma
4627:Panuridae
4596:Sylvietta
4561:Achaetops
4534:Robsonius
4520:Megalurus
4478:Catriscus
4451:Turdoides
4416:Liocichla
4409:Leiothrix
4402:Leioptila
4395:Laniellus
4156:Atronanus
4054:Poliolais
3977:Euryptila
3970:Eremomela
3949:Cisticola
3894:Urosphena
3887:Tickellia
3859:Hemitesia
3836:Cettiidae
3776:Bernieria
3656:Ammomanes
3557:Alaudinae
3548:Alaudidae
3489:Hippolais
3394:Ridgwayia
3380:Geokichla
3304:Myadestes
3173:Poeoptera
3138:Neocichla
3131:Necropsar
3114:Leucopsar
3079:Gracupica
2973:Sturnidae
2958:Vauriella
2902:Myophonus
2888:Monticola
2867:Larvivora
2777:Sholicola
2697:Muscicapa
2683:Humblotia
2662:Bradornis
2635:Copsychus
2557:Erithacus
2493:Toxostoma
2465:Melanotis
2458:Margarops
2451:Dumetella
2388:Cinclidae
2232:Catherpes
2124:Salpornis
2087:Certhiops
1891:Corthylio
1882:Regulidae
1735:Auriparus
1719:Remizidae
1708:Promerops
1638:Periparus
1582:Cyanistes
1471:Passerida
1456:Passerida
1430:Kingdom:
1300:5 January
1051:rockfowls
1027:whipbirds
988:Corvoidea
975:-selected
957:Regulidae
874:Remizidae
822:Holarctic
813:Dicaeidae
696:Parulidae
690:Icteridae
642:Ploceidae
602:Setophaga
581:Old World
542:Sturnidae
518:Cinclidae
476:Panuridae
470:Alaudidae
415:: bulbuls
353:Cettiidae
347:Sylviidae
261:phylogeny
253:Corvoidea
213:taxonomic
197:Passerida
160:Passerida
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
5370:Wikidata
5292:Staphida
5195:Mixornis
5181:Macronus
5072:Spizixos
5065:Setornis
5058:Rubigula
5002:Ixonotus
4967:Eurillas
4953:Criniger
4856:Pnoepyga
4816:Turdinus
4691:Myzornis
4684:Moupinia
4677:Lioparus
4670:Fulvetta
4527:Poodytes
4367:Garrulax
4310:Hyliidae
4184:Delichon
4170:Cecropis
4163:Atticora
4019:Oreolais
4012:Neomixis
3998:Malcorus
3866:Horornis
3804:Oxylabes
3608:Galerida
3573:Alaudala
3503:Nesillas
3415:Zoothera
3345:Catharus
3336:Turdinae
3297:Grandala
3254:Turdidae
3100:Hylopsar
3086:Grafisia
2989:Agropsar
2944:Tarsiger
2937:Saxicola
2916:Oenanthe
2895:Myiomela
2881:Luscinia
2839:Ficedula
2832:Enicurus
2804:Calliope
2735:Anthipes
2676:Fraseria
2655:Agricola
2536:Cossypha
2417:Elachura
2377:Buphagus
2344:Uropsila
2260:Ferminia
2169:Sittidae
2001:Mohoidae
1546:Irenidae
1493:Chaetops
1438:Chordata
1436:Phylum:
1432:Animalia
1379:(1990):
1355:85317440
1275:53058340
1239:23229025
1135:22920688
1072:See also
1041:Chaetops
1011:Irenidae
942:flights.
912:: wrens
892:Sittidae
853:Mohoidae
652:Viduidae
530:Turdidae
380:Hyliidae
312:carotins
245:kinglets
120:Chordata
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
5464:Passeri
5376:Q764420
5223:Timalia
5167:Dumetia
5133:Curruca
4974:Hemixos
4883:Alcurus
4760:Kenopia
4712:Suthora
4656:Chamaea
4636:Panurus
4616:Nicator
4285:Riparia
4229:Phedina
4191:Hirundo
4089:Urolais
3756:Alcippe
3732:Mirafra
3649:Alaemon
3615:Lullula
3401:Ixoreus
3243:Sturnus
3229:Sturnia
3187:Sarcops
3072:Gracula
3003:Aplonis
2770:Niltava
2756:Eumyias
2749:Cyornis
2711:Sigelus
2437:Allenia
2428:Mimidae
2397:Cinclus
2117:Certhia
1938:Dulidae
1898:Regulus
1776:Elminia
1645:Poecile
1566:Paridae
1535:Hyliota
1450:Passeri
1442:Class:
1255:The Auk
1196:24 July
1126:3462691
868:Paridae
834:Dulidae
552:Mimidae
502:endemic
498:tropics
472:: larks
316:cryptic
282:" and "
255:or the
221:Corvida
209:Passeri
150:Passeri
136:Order:
126:Class:
5313:Yuhina
5264:Heleia
5140:Sylvia
4995:Ixodia
4243:Progne
4061:Prinia
3991:Incana
3963:Eminia
3914:Apalis
3852:Cettia
3811:Randia
3566:Alauda
3408:Turdus
3366:Cochoa
3318:Sialia
3166:Pholia
3159:Pastor
3048:Enodes
2860:Irania
2621:Alethe
1375:&
1353:
1273:
1237:
1133:
1123:
968:quails
952:calls.
384:genera
5431:99145
5285:Rukia
4925:Bleda
4513:Malia
4423:Minla
4360:Cutia
4353:Argya
4319:Hylia
3880:Tesia
3496:Iduna
2472:Mimus
2178:Sitta
1947:Dulus
1742:Remiz
1631:Parus
1555:Irena
1351:S2CID
1320:genus
1271:S2CID
577:basal
388:Hylia
241:major
229:clade
5009:Ixos
4988:Iole
3121:Mino
2017:Moho
1843:See
1444:Aves
1302:2019
1235:PMID
1198:2018
1131:PMID
391:and
130:Aves
5413:AFD
5400:ADW
5030:Nok
1365:in
1343:doi
1263:doi
1259:132
1225:doi
1162:doi
1121:PMC
1111:doi
609:or
397:as
302:' "
5450::
5428::
5415::
5402::
5387::
5372::
1349:.
1339:35
1337:.
1292:.
1269:.
1257:.
1233:.
1221:62
1219:.
1215:.
1188:.
1156:.
1152:.
1129:.
1119:.
1107:12
1105:.
1101:.
1057:).
959:).
927:).
478::
433::
361::
263:.
77:)
56:)
4197:†
3266:†
3127:†
3054:†
3037:†
2093:†
2083:†
1998:†
1700:?
1679:?
1527:?
1506:?
1485:?
1410:e
1403:t
1396:v
1357:.
1345::
1304:.
1277:.
1265::
1241:.
1227::
1200:.
1170:.
1164::
1158:4
1137:.
1113::
1067:.
1053:(
1039:(
1029:.
1001:.
973:r
851:†
403:.
290:"
73:(
52:(
20:)
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