222:
388:. It is difficult to predict the actual data regarding the population of various caste groups but according to political analysts, this new bloc of RJD-Congress aided by LJP commanded huge support from Yadav, Muslim as well as Paswan community. This social axis remained successful to offset the JDU-BJP alliance in 2004
464:
resurgence in
Bhojpur faded away. It was believed that the forcing of lower caste women into adultery and the frequent rapes of these disadvantaged women by the Rajput landlords was one of the cause of the Bhojpur rebellion, which continued though at low scale, after the death of Jagdish Mahto. Those
1327:
When
Jagdish Mahto and his small band were scouring the Bhojpur villages they met a Kurmi named Fagu Mahto, who was disgusted by the Rajput habit of raping lower caste women. After Jagdish Mahto's death in December 1972, the villages around Hadiabad began to hear and see more of Fagu
325:. Baba used to bury the head of pig in front of his house which was located at the fringe of village. Since pigs were anathema for Muslims, it protected the village from the incursions of Mughal soldiers who were predominantly Muslim.
729:
260:. They assert that, in order to protect themselves from Muslims, Paswan girls used to wear amulets made from bones of pigs and kept pigs at their doors, given the animosity of Muslims with pigs. Since
333:
In 1900, caste association became the dominant method to pitch for the social and political rights. Hence, a number of caste association of politically aware castes were formed in the meantime. Like
407:
in 1995. Ram Vilas Paswan was too in this fray, who aimed both to champion himself as the real face of this community as well as to gather the support for his newly formed organisation, Dalit Sena.
209:, that the Paswan are hybrid scions of cross marriages between men and women of two different castes. The Paswan community rejects these theories, and argues the origin of the name 'Dusadh' lies in
241:, they are primarily landless, agricultural labourers and have historically been village watchmen and messengers. They are one of the most discriminated caste group in the feudal society of rural
298:
landlord, persuades
Chauharmal to marry her against her father's wishes. Eventually Chauharmal confronts his beloved's father and defeats him, symbolizing the victory of the community over their
198:
princes. Claims regarding origin from "Gahlot
Kshatriya" are also persistent among some of the castemen, but others view such claims with disdain, as they do not like to be associated with
182:
The
Paswans claim their origin from a number of folk and epic characters in order to seek upliftment in their social status. Some Paswan believe that they have originated from
456:
aided by his lieutenants
Ramnaresh Ram (Ramnaresh Paswan) and Rameswar Ahir "Sadhuji." The trio organised murders of a number of upper-caste landlords under the banner of
696:
245:. Reports indicates that the Dusadh landless women were often subjected to undignified teasings like "pinching on breast" by their landlords who were primarily
737:
875:
Walter Hauser (2004). "From
Peasant Soldiering to Peasant Activism: Reflections on the Transition of a Martial Tradition in the Flaming Fields of Bihar".
817:
Hewitt, J. F. (1893). "The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, by H. H. Risley. Vols. I. and II. Ethnographic
Glossary, Vols. I. and II. Anthropometric Data".
268:
also reared as well as hunted wild pigs, this fact is used by them to defend this occupation which is corroborated by the fact that after the end of
1341:
1066:
1018:
985:
403:
of Bihar), who portrayed
Chauharmal as an iconic figure and attempted to reconcile them with his politics of social justice. He also organised a
150:
means bodyguard or "one who defends". The origin of the word, per the belief of the community, lies in their participation in the battle against
1244:
428:
landlords. This massacre parted the way between Kurmis and
Paswans and made them skeptical of each other's activities in all spheres of life.
850:
Case Studies on Strengthening Co-ordination Between Non-governmental Organizations and Government Agencies in Promoting Social Development
384:
but during RJD-LJP alliance they became a supporter of a bloc which included their earlier preference Congress as well as the new choice
1439:
1176:
1115:
465:
who took it forward include people like Fagu Mahto who were disgusted with the prevalent feudal dominance of the Rajput landlords.
309:
Apart from Chauharmal Baba, some Dusadh also worship Gauriya Baba.This folk hero as per their oral traditions is contemporary of
1278:
1385:
1288:
1220:
1186:
1159:
1125:
921:
801:
775:
679:
313:
rule in India. According to the folklores he used to ride a horse and protected not only his own castemen but also the other
494:
1400:
1091:
1043:
995:
937:
508:, 208,910 people (0.8% of the population of Nepal) were Paswan. The frequency of Paswans by province was as follows:
436:
Bhojpur Rebellion is the term used to describe the internecine conflict between upper caste landlords & landless
1033:
478:
1149:
1429:
1254:
294:. Within Paswan folklore, the tale of Chauharmal and Reshma is well known. Reshma, the daughter of a powerful
424:
of Bihar's history. The root cause of the massacre was caste conflict between Paswan landless peasants and
302:
oppressors. Other versions of the tale reject this empowering message by claiming Chauharmal was born in a
256:
and Bihar. The Paswans defend the occupation of rearing of pigs by stating it as a strategy to counter the
275:
The Paswans have also been historically associated with martial pursuits and many fought on behalf of the
485:
assassinated 34 Bhumihars. A 'session Court' of Bihar awarded death penalty to ten perpetrators in 2016.
1434:
159:
959:
249:. The landlords also raped these women frequently in order to keep their men in submissive position.
1411:
381:
764:
Narayan, Badri (2013), "Documenting Dissent", in Channa, Subhadra Mitra; Mencher, Joan P. (eds.),
441:
938:"A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh"
853:. United Nations (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific). 1989. p. 72,73
542:
1375:
911:
272:
system, the traditional occupation of serving as guards couldn't provide subsistence to them.
1210:
1081:
848:
669:
555:
The frequency of Paswans was higher than national average (0.8%) in the following districts:
440:
led by poor peasants from middle peasant castes during the 1960s. The cause of caste wars in
791:
730:"Who are the Paswans? 'Upwardly mobile, powerful' Dalit group at centre of Bihar polls buzz"
448:
women . Here, the spark of rebellion emerged from Ekwaari village, under the leadership of
396:
373:
280:
8:
559:
385:
365:
1060:
1012:
892:
830:
619:
601:
474:
444:
was not only the economical issues but also the unrestricted access of upper castes to
276:
913:
Society and Circulation: Mobile People and Itinerant Cultures in South Asia, 1750-1950
1381:
1349:
1284:
1250:
1216:
1182:
1155:
1121:
1087:
1039:
991:
917:
822:
797:
771:
704:
675:
595:
583:
505:
369:
49:
1032:
Vibodh Parthasarathi, Guy Poitevin, Bernard Bel, Jan Brouwer, Biswajit Das (2010).
984:
Vibodh Parthasarathi, Guy Poitevin, Bernard Bel, Jan Brouwer, Biswajit Das (2010).
884:
638:
607:
565:
548:
536:
530:
518:
512:
361:
1312:
1246:
Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India
765:
648:
613:
571:
498:
284:
151:
497:
of Nepal classifies the Paswan as a subgroup within the broader social group of
345:
community, Paswans also formed their own Paswan Sabha in 1911 to make claims to
625:
589:
524:
400:
287:, as being 230,593. The same census showed a population of 4,945,165 in Bihar.
257:
234:
164:
45:
1178:
Rebels From the Mud Houses: Dalits and the Making of the Maoist Revolution ...
1117:
Rebels From the Mud Houses: Dalits and the Making of the Maoist Revolution ...
174:. They follow certain rituals such as walking on fire to assert their valour.
1423:
1353:
910:
Markovits, Claude; Pouchepadass, Jacques; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay, eds. (2006).
888:
826:
708:
577:
453:
310:
253:
135:
98:
85:
221:
283:
for Uttar Pradesh showed the Paswan population, which is classified as a
226:
896:
834:
291:
793:
The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India
671:
The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern India
420:
In 1970s, the Belchhi village in Bihar witnessed one of the severest
389:
346:
265:
191:
139:
80:
1310:
395:
Earlier, the attempts to woo Paswans in his favour was also made by
421:
299:
295:
269:
206:
170:
32:
1031:
983:
960:"DATA HIGHLIGHTS : THE SCHEDULED CASTES Census of India 2001"
321:
from the onslaught of Mughal soldiers and forcible conversions to
909:
819:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
643:
303:
195:
461:
457:
318:
261:
246:
199:
1377:
Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar
1083:
Fascinating Hindutva: Saffron Politics and Dalit Mobilisation
697:"Hemraj Paswan: A 'centenarian' voter shows political acuity"
501:
482:
449:
445:
437:
425:
377:
357:
350:
342:
338:
334:
322:
314:
242:
238:
187:
155:
131:
127:
123:
75:
62:
306:
family in previous birth while Reshma was born as his wife.
252:
Prior to 1900, they also used to rear pigs particularly in
183:
143:
1151:
Post mandal politics in Bihar:Changing electoral patterns
1317:. Rādhā Krishna Original from the University of Michigan
877:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
767:
Life as a Dalit: Views from the Bottom on Caste in India
1280:
From popular movement to rebellion:The Naxalite dacade
1181:
New york: Taylor and Francis group. p. 164,165.
360:, primarily after the resurgence of socialist leader
940:. Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
789:
667:
460:. After the encounter of its core commanders, the
162:, after which they were rewarded with the post of
1107:
1421:
1120:New york: Taylor and Francis group. p. 66.
279:during the 18th century in the Bengal Army. The
190:mythology, while others claim their origin from
1412:2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report
1311:Kalyan Mukherjee; Rajendra Singh Yadav (1980).
108:6,943,000 (5.3111% of the population of Bihar)
1079:
1038:. India: SAGE Publications. p. 164,168.
874:
790:Mendelsohn, Oliver; Vicziany, Marika (1998).
759:
757:
755:
668:Mendelsohn, Oliver; Vicziany, Marika (1998).
481:(MCC) unit composed primarily of Paswans and
213:, meaning "who is difficult to be defeated".
1065:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1017:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
870:
868:
770:, SAGE Publications India, p. 322,323,
674:. Cambridge University Press. p. xiii.
356:The Paswans emerged as a political force in
1086:. SAGE Publications India. pp. 73–74.
1342:"10 get death penalty for Senari massacre"
752:
865:
796:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6.
380:including the Paswan community voted for
186:, a superhuman and one of the planets in
168:and lathi wielding tax collector for the
130:. They are found mainly in the states of
1401:Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II
1314:Bhojpur: Naxalism in the Plains of Bihar
1283:. New york: Routledge. p. 317,318.
1276:
1035:Communication, Culture and Confrontation
987:Communication, Culture and Confrontation
410:
220:
1174:
1113:
763:
1422:
1339:
1242:
816:
694:
1373:
1340:Tewary, Amarnath (16 November 2016).
1208:
1154:. SAGE publication. p. 133,134.
1147:
431:
488:
415:
233:They have been considered to be an
13:
1212:Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar
695:Tewary, Amarnath (27 March 2019).
468:
14:
1451:
1440:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh
841:
290:The folk hero of the Paswans is
205:It has also been argued by some
16:Dalit community in Eastern India
1405:
1394:
1367:
1333:
1304:
1270:
1236:
1202:
1168:
1141:
1073:
1025:
977:
952:
930:
903:
810:
783:
722:
688:
661:
349:status. They were first among
1:
1380:. Anthem Press. p. 165.
1148:Kumar, Sanjay (5 June 2018).
916:. Anthem Press. p. 299.
654:
990:. India: SAGE Publications.
495:Central Bureau of Statistics
225:Portrait of a Dusadh man in
177:
7:
632:
328:
158:of Bengal at the behest of
10:
1456:
1249:. M.E.Sharpe. p. 59.
1215:. Viking. pp. 82–83.
368:, which became an ally of
216:
160:British East India Company
1277:Samaddar, Ranbir (2019).
104:
94:
68:
58:
38:
28:
23:
1175:Kunnath, George (2018).
1114:Kunnath, George (2018).
889:10.1163/1568520041974684
473:In the 1990s in Senari,
399:chief Laloo Yadav (then
1374:Kumar, Ashwani (2008).
479:Maoist communist centre
126:community from eastern
1430:Social groups of Bihar
1080:Badri Narayan (2009).
543:Sudurpashchim Province
353:to achieve this feat.
230:
1243:Omvedt, Gail (1993).
504:. At the time of the
411:Inter-caste conflicts
364:. Paswan floated the
224:
965:. censusindia.gov.in
392:elections of Bihar.
374:Rashtriya Janata Dal
281:2011 Census of India
740:on 30 November 2020
366:Lok Janshakti Party
1209:Sinha, A. (2011).
277:East India Company
231:
1435:Dalit communities
1387:978-1-84331-709-8
1290:978-0-367-13466-2
1222:978-0-670-08459-3
1188:978-1-138-09955-5
1161:978-93-528-0585-3
1127:978-1-138-09955-5
923:978-1-843312-31-4
803:978-0-52155-671-2
777:978-8-13211-777-3
681:978-0-52155-671-2
506:2011 Nepal census
432:Bhojpur rebellion
370:Lalu Prasad Yadav
112:
111:
1447:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1274:
1268:
1267:
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1234:
1233:
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1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1172:
1166:
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1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1111:
1105:
1104:
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1100:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1004:
981:
975:
974:
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964:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
934:
928:
927:
907:
901:
900:
872:
863:
862:
860:
858:
845:
839:
838:
814:
808:
807:
787:
781:
780:
761:
750:
749:
747:
745:
736:. Archived from
726:
720:
719:
717:
715:
692:
686:
685:
665:
639:Paswan (surname)
549:Karnali Province
537:Gandaki Province
531:Bagmati Province
519:Lumbini Province
513:Madhesh Province
489:Paswans in Nepal
416:Belchhi massacre
362:Ram Vilas Paswan
118:, also known as
69:Populated states
21:
20:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1406:
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1388:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1338:
1334:
1320:
1318:
1309:
1305:
1295:
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1291:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1078:
1074:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1030:
1026:
1010:
1009:
1002:
1000:
998:
982:
978:
968:
966:
962:
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
936:
935:
931:
924:
908:
904:
873:
866:
856:
854:
847:
846:
842:
815:
811:
804:
788:
784:
778:
762:
753:
743:
741:
728:
727:
723:
713:
711:
693:
689:
682:
666:
662:
657:
649:Dalits in Bihar
635:
491:
471:
469:Senari massacre
434:
418:
413:
405:Chauharmal Mela
376:. Earlier, the
331:
285:Scheduled Caste
219:
180:
152:Siraj-ud-daulah
90:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1416:
1415:
1404:
1393:
1386:
1366:
1332:
1303:
1289:
1269:
1255:
1235:
1221:
1201:
1187:
1167:
1160:
1140:
1126:
1106:
1093:978-8132101055
1092:
1072:
1045:978-8132104865
1044:
1024:
997:978-8132104865
996:
976:
951:
929:
922:
902:
883:(3): 401–434.
864:
840:
809:
802:
782:
776:
751:
721:
687:
680:
659:
658:
656:
653:
652:
651:
646:
641:
634:
631:
630:
629:
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
553:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
525:Koshi Province
522:
516:
490:
487:
470:
467:
433:
430:
417:
414:
412:
409:
401:Chief Minister
330:
327:
317:including the
237:community. In
218:
215:
179:
176:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
89:
88:
83:
78:
72:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
53:
52:
42:
40:
36:
35:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1452:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1129:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1014:
999:
993:
989:
988:
980:
961:
955:
939:
933:
925:
919:
915:
914:
906:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
869:
852:
851:
844:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
813:
805:
799:
795:
794:
786:
779:
773:
769:
768:
760:
758:
756:
739:
735:
731:
725:
710:
706:
702:
698:
691:
683:
677:
673:
672:
664:
660:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
557:
556:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
510:
509:
507:
503:
500:
496:
486:
484:
480:
476:
466:
463:
459:
455:
454:Jagdish Mahto
451:
447:
443:
439:
429:
427:
423:
408:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
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367:
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305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:Uttar Pradesh
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
228:
223:
214:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
194:, one of the
193:
189:
185:
175:
173:
172:
167:
166:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:Uttar Pradesh
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
107:
103:
100:
99:Eastern India
97:
93:
87:
86:Uttar Pradesh
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
51:
47:
44:
43:
41:
37:
34:
31:
27:
22:
19:
1407:
1396:
1376:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1345:
1335:
1326:
1319:. Retrieved
1313:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1279:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1245:
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1211:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1177:
1170:
1150:
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1116:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1082:
1075:
1049:. Retrieved
1034:
1027:
1001:. Retrieved
986:
979:
967:. Retrieved
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744:30 November
235:untouchable
1424:Categories
1321:25 January
1256:0765631768
944:6 February
857:22 January
655:References
560:Kapilvastu
452:militant,
292:Chauharmal
165:Chowkidars
105:Population
1354:0971-751X
1346:The Hindu
1099:5 October
1061:cite book
1013:cite book
827:0035-869X
734:The Print
709:0971-751X
701:The Hindu
620:Rupandehi
602:Mahottari
475:Jahanabad
390:Lok Sabha
347:Kshatriya
270:Zamindari
266:Rajasthan
207:Bhumihars
192:Dushasana
178:Etymology
171:Zamindars
140:Jharkhand
81:Jharkhand
39:Languages
29:Religions
1359:9 August
897:25165055
835:25197142
633:See also
596:Dhanusha
584:Rautahat
499:Madheshi
422:massacre
382:Congress
329:Politics
300:Bhumihar
296:Bhumihar
211:Dusadhya
122:, are a
50:Bhojpuri
33:Hinduism
1262:16 June
1228:7 April
1051:16 June
1003:16 June
969:8 March
714:6 April
644:Sahlesh
608:Saptari
566:Sarlahi
442:Bhojpur
319:Rajputs
304:Brahmin
262:Rajputs
258:Muslims
247:Rajputs
217:History
200:Rajputs
196:Kaurava
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586:(2.9%)
580:(3.1%)
574:(3.3%)
572:Siraha
568:(3.7%)
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551:(0.0%)
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527:(0.2%)
521:(1.0%)
515:(2.8%)
502:Dalits
483:Yadavs
462:Maoist
458:Maoism
438:Dalits
378:Dalits
351:Dalits
315:Hindus
311:Mughal
227:Bengal
154:, the
148:Paswan
142:. The
120:Dusadh
116:Paswan
95:Region
24:Paswan
963:(PDF)
893:JSTOR
831:JSTOR
626:Banke
590:Parsa
450:Koeri
446:Dalit
426:Kurmi
372:-led
358:Bihar
343:Yadav
339:Kurmi
335:Koeri
323:Islam
243:Bihar
239:Bihar
188:Hindu
156:Nawab
146:word
132:Bihar
128:India
124:Dalit
76:Bihar
63:India
46:Hindi
1382:ISBN
1361:2020
1350:ISSN
1323:2021
1298:2020
1285:ISBN
1264:2020
1251:ISBN
1230:2015
1217:ISBN
1196:2020
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1135:2020
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1088:ISBN
1067:link
1053:2020
1040:ISBN
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971:2014
946:2017
918:ISBN
859:2021
823:ISSN
798:ISBN
772:ISBN
746:2020
716:2019
705:ISSN
676:ISBN
578:Bara
493:The
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184:Rahu
144:Urdu
138:and
114:The
885:doi
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386:LJP
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