98:, and the number of shrines built inside depended on the hierarchical status of the patriarch. In addition to rituals, the temples were also used for major ceremonies and decisions, and had the character of a ceremonial hall. This respect for the ancestors strengthened the unity within the clan and stabilized the social structure. Complementing the clan temple system was the clan tomb system, in which nobles and state officials were buried en masse in public cemeteries during the Western Zhou and
161:; sometimes at marriage for women. For men, there are three characters in the full courtesy name of the individual aristocrat. The first character indicates the birth order that generation from eldest to youngest: 伯、仲、叔、季, occasionally 孟. The second character is arbitrary, and may echo names from previous generations or be consistent across all sons of the same father. The last character is a word for "father". This is similar to
364:[Ancient people were always saying "eldest, second-eldest, younger, youngest", but how many of their marvels do you know? Ancient ones say: remember, you can't apply these haphazardly!].
106:, all clansmen should be buried in the clan tomb, except for the murderous dead. The patriarch sometimes had to go to the clan tomb to report the ancestors when there was an urgent matter.
62:
dynasty. This method of social organisation underlay and prefigured the political workings of the Zhou state. The patriarchal system was based on
384:
459:
19:
This article is about the political hierarchy system in the
Western Zhou. For the general concept of male-dominated societies, see
464:
397:
243:
54:'clan law') of the Zhou cultural sphere was a primary means of group relations and power stratification prior to the
286:
343:
359:
414:
205:
123:
99:
454:
291:[Always recognizable yet bound to contravene – what was the system of rites and music?].
195:
75:
469:
185:
226:
173:
169:
103:
129:
8:
393:
339:
239:
428:
87:
31:
116:
158:
259:
311:
448:
296:
150:
91:
67:
63:
433:
71:
59:
55:
369:
421:
International
Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine
321:
First
Emperor Qin: Evolution of the full field of historical discourses
146:
20:
74:
political hierarchy and stabilizing social order. Together with the
419:[Confucian Family Values, Applications and Biotechnology].
338:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 143–145.
190:
95:
200:
162:
154:
392:(in Chinese). Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. p. 166.
39:
78:
it is seen as having been the foundation of Zhou society.
238:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Falü Chubanshe. p. 44.
153:
when they were adults. The courtesy name is taken at the
145:
based on geographic locale. The nobles were granted a
109:The modern standard Chinese word for "surname" is
70:at its core, and played a role in maintaining the
412:
446:
382:
224:
133:(氏) were two separate surnames, with the larger
309:
313:Qin Shihuang: Yi chang lishi de sibian zhi lü
149:by their fathers when they were young, and
137:indicating shared aristocratic descent and
86:The Zhou people had the custom of building
49:
432:
333:
327:
295:(in Chinese). March 2022. Archived from
218:
90:early on, and the clan temple housed a
447:
236:The History of Imprisonment in China
334:Wilkinson, Endymion Porter (2018).
323:] (in Chinese). Ping'an Wenhua.
13:
368:(in Chinese). 2019. Archived from
264:[Definition of "Zongfa"].
58:and through the first half of the
14:
481:
460:Ancient institutions in East Asia
168:Similar to the clan society, the
361:古人常说“伯仲叔季”，其中玄妙你知道多少？古人：切记，不可乱用!
16:Ancient Chinese political system
121:. In the Western Zhou dynasty,
406:
376:
352:
303:
279:
252:
225:Yang Ximei (杨习梅), ed. (2016).
115:
44:
1:
336:Chinese History: A New Manual
211:
465:Ancient Chinese institutions
206:Ancestor veneration in China
7:
179:
81:
10:
486:
413:Ip King-tak (葉敬德) (2014).
170:nobles of the Zhou dynasty
141:being a branch lineage of
18:
383:Mou Runsun (牟潤孫) (1990).
110:
35:
415:
388:
360:
315:
310:Lü Shihuo (呂世浩) (2014).
287:
260:
230:
100:Spring and Autumn period
266:Zdic Chinese Dictionary
196:Ritual and music system
76:ritual and music system
28:patriarchal clan system
434:10.24112/ijccpm.121554
186:Veneration of the dead
26:In ancient China, the
174:same-surname marriage
165:in Western heraldry.
104:three books of rites
68:firstborn succession
299:on 26 October 2022.
228:Zhongguo Jianyu Shi
102:. According to the
372:on 19 August 2023.
399:978-962-201-407-7
245:978-7-5118-9582-0
159:Maturity Ceremony
94:representing the
88:ancestral temples
52:
477:
439:
438:
436:
416:儒家家庭價值的應用與生物科技倫理
410:
404:
403:
380:
374:
373:
356:
350:
349:
331:
325:
324:
307:
301:
300:
283:
277:
276:
274:
273:
256:
250:
249:
222:
155:Capping Ceremony
119:
112:
66:relations, with
53:
50:
46:
37:
485:
484:
480:
479:
478:
476:
475:
474:
445:
444:
443:
442:
417:
411:
407:
400:
390:
381:
377:
362:
358:
357:
353:
346:
332:
328:
317:
308:
304:
289:
288:常识必背 | 什么是礼乐制度？
285:
284:
280:
271:
269:
262:
258:
257:
253:
246:
232:
223:
219:
214:
182:
84:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
483:
473:
472:
467:
462:
457:
455:Family history
441:
440:
423:(in Chinese).
405:
398:
375:
351:
345:978-0998888309
344:
326:
302:
278:
251:
244:
216:
215:
213:
210:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
181:
178:
83:
80:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
482:
471:
470:Chinese clans
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
450:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
409:
401:
395:
391:
387:
379:
371:
367:
363:
355:
347:
341:
337:
330:
322:
318:
316:秦始皇︰一場歷史的思辨之旅
314:
306:
298:
294:
290:
282:
267:
263:
255:
247:
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
217:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
177:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:courtesy name
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:
126:
125:
120:
118:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:Spirit tablet
89:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
47:
41:
33:
29:
22:
427:(1): 21–37.
424:
420:
408:
386:Haiyi Zazhuo
385:
378:
370:the original
365:
354:
335:
329:
320:
312:
305:
297:the original
292:
281:
270:. Retrieved
268:(in Chinese)
265:
254:
235:
227:
220:
167:
142:
138:
134:
128:
122:
114:
108:
85:
72:Western Zhou
60:Eastern Zhou
56:Western Zhou
43:
27:
25:
449:Categories
272:2022-07-20
212:References
147:given name
21:Patriarchy
366:sohu.com
293:sohu.com
261:“宗法”字的解释
191:Fengjian
180:See also
172:forbade
127:(姓) and
96:ancestor
82:Overview
201:Cadency
163:cadency
117:xíngshì
32:Chinese
396:
342:
242:
45:zōngfǎ
42::
40:pinyin
34::
319:[
234:[
231:中国监狱史
64:blood
394:ISBN
389:海遺雜著
340:ISBN
240:ISBN
143:xing
135:xing
124:xing
51:lit.
429:doi
157:or
139:shi
130:shi
451::
425:12
176:.
113:;
111:姓氏
48:;
38:;
36:宗法
437:.
431::
402:.
348:.
275:.
248:.
30:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.