54:, it was used to denote this office in Roman and early Byzantine times, surviving as an administrative office until the 9th century. Thereafter, and until the 11th century, it became a senior
260:("eparchs and proconsuls") are still in evidence in Asia Minor until the early 9th century, functioning as civil governors, possibly under the authority of the (much reduced in power)
349:
was henceforth conferred upon several high-ranking administrative and military officials throughout the 10th and 11th centuries. In the 11th century, there is also evidence of a
186:) in the 530s: Justinian merged provinces together and reunited civil and military authority in them under the same person, to whom he gave the rank of
310:", raising him above the ordinary patricians. This change coincided with the abolition of the last vestiges of the old Roman system, as the provincial
560:]. Berliner byzantinische Arbeiten 35 (in French). Vol. I. Berlin and Amsterdam: Akademie-Verlag & Adolf M. Hakkert. pp. 68–88.
636:
17:
584:
58:
264:
in
Constantinople. However, with the progressive unification of civil and military power in the hands of the thematic
612:
172:
631:
531:
The
Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century – With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos
603:
641:
324:, and in their role as overseers of army provisioning and financial matters, by the much less prestigious
249:
205:
209:
51:
293:
297:
149:
386:. Their award by the Byzantine emperor signified the elevation of the recipient to the office.
230:
253:
in the 7th century, the title was used within the context of the thematic structure: thematic
160:
after it became the imperial capital in 330, and until 359, when the post was replaced by an
120:
337:'s reign (842–867), the term became a regular dignity intended for "bearded men" (i.e. non-
271:
124:
8:
529:
217:
101:
261:
129:
608:
598:
594:
580:
561:
547:
535:
213:
55:
574:
551:
157:
41:
33:
539:
625:
565:
374:
326:
201:
161:
235:
105:
383:
369:"). All these dignities disappeared, however, in the early 12th century.
334:
225:
176:
175:, only the proconsuls of Achaea and Asia remained, until the reforms of
525:
240:
109:
89:
316:
302:
266:
84:
46:
140:, on the other hand, mentions three, with the proconsuls of Africa (
576:
Byzantium in the
Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture
395:
196:
238:(533–534), the proconsular governor was not restored; instead a
338:
255:
607:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 111.
378:
of
Philotheos, written in 899, the insignia of office of the
79:
165:
452:
440:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
469:
467:
314:
as civil governors were abolished, and replaced by the
491:
428:
407:
479:
464:
300:, the husband of his daughter Maria, by naming him "
216:. According to the contemporary official and writer
104:, irrespective of whether they had previously been
503:
623:
78:was the traditional Greek translation for the
200:with a proconsular rank. Such provinces were
553:Recherches sur les institutions byzantines
579:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
296:records that Emperor Theophilos honoured
119:), there were only two: the governors of
546:
458:
434:
422:
64:
593:
497:
14:
624:
572:
550:(1967). "Le Proconsul (ὁ ἀνθύπατος)".
485:
446:
224:are equated the augustal governors of
69:
558:Studies on the Byzantine Institutions
148:XX) being joined by the proconsul of
100:had been borne by all governors of a
524:
509:
473:
534:. London: Oxford University Press.
285:had become a simple court dignity.
234:. When Africa was recovered in the
24:
604:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
341:), constituting a class above the
25:
653:
359:"), and a single occurrence of a
637:Byzantine administrative offices
288:
173:fall of the Western Roman Empire
276:
247:After the establishment of the
181:
114:
333:Thus, from the latter part of
13:
1:
401:
228:, and equal of rank with the
134:
7:
389:
108:, but after the reforms of
10:
658:
518:
270:, by the reign of Emperor
597:(1991). "Anthypatos". In
37:
573:Haldon, John F. (1997).
347:anthypatos kai patrikios
294:Theophanes the Confessor
156:XXI). To them was added
40:) is the translation in
18:Patrikios kai anthypatos
355:(πρωτανθύπατος, "first
164:, similar and equal to
632:Byzantine court titles
382:were purple inscribed
365:(δισανθύπατος, "twice
231:comites consistoriales
279: 829–842–
184: 527–565–
117: 284–305–
65:History and functions
642:Gubernatorial titles
449:, pp. 202–203.
218:Peter the Patrician
144:. XVIII) and Asia (
102:senatorial province
70:Gubernatorial title
52:Greek-speaking East
599:Kazhdan, Alexander
595:Kazhdan, Alexander
548:Guilland, Rodolphe
262:praetorian prefect
194:, or the title of
130:Notitia Dignitatum
586:978-0-521-31917-1
476:, pp. 28–29.
461:, pp. 69–71.
372:According to the
345:. The full title
16:(Redirected from
649:
618:
590:
569:
543:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
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462:
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214:Palaestina Prima
185:
183:
150:Achaea or Hellas
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118:
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39:
21:
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408:
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392:
298:Alexios Mousele
291:
281:) the title of
275:
244:was appointed.
180:
137:
113:
92:, the title of
72:
67:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
655:
645:
644:
639:
634:
620:
619:
613:
591:
585:
570:
544:
520:
517:
515:
514:
502:
500:, p. 111.
490:
488:, p. 204.
478:
463:
451:
439:
427:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
391:
388:
352:prōtanthypatos
290:
287:
258:kai anthypatoi
171:Following the
158:Constantinople
71:
68:
66:
63:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
654:
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614:0-19-504652-8
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527:
523:
522:
512:, p. 22.
511:
506:
499:
494:
487:
482:
475:
470:
468:
460:
459:Guilland 1967
455:
448:
443:
437:, p. 69.
436:
435:Guilland 1967
431:
425:, p. 68.
424:
423:Guilland 1967
419:
417:
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375:Klētorologion
370:
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364:
363:
362:disanthypatos
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
340:
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331:
329:
328:
327:prōtonotarioi
323:
319:
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309:
305:
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299:
295:
289:Court dignity
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273:
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252:
251:
245:
243:
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211:
207:
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202:Armenia Prima
199:
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189:
178:
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169:
167:
163:
162:urban prefect
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
132:
131:
126:
122:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
74:The title of
62:
60:
59:court dignity
57:
53:
49:
48:
44:of the Latin
43:
35:
31:
30:
19:
602:
575:
557:
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530:
505:
498:Kazhdan 1991
493:
481:
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236:Vandalic War
229:
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128:
97:
93:
88:. Under the
83:
75:
73:
45:
28:
27:
26:
526:Bury, J. B.
486:Haldon 1997
447:Haldon 1997
335:Michael III
177:Justinian I
626:Categories
540:1046639111
402:References
380:anthypatos
367:anthypatos
357:anthypatos
312:anthypatoi
308:anthypatos
283:anthypatos
272:Theophilos
241:consularis
222:anthypatoi
206:Cappadocia
188:anthypatos
138: 400
110:Diocletian
94:anthypatos
90:Principate
76:anthypatos
29:Anthypatos
566:878894516
510:Bury 1911
474:Bury 1911
343:patrikioi
317:stratēgos
303:patrikios
267:strategos
192:proconsul
98:proconsul
85:proconsul
82:title of
56:Byzantine
50:. In the
47:proconsul
38:ἀνθύπατος
528:(1911).
390:See also
256:eparchoi
210:Dalmatia
154:Pars Or.
146:Pars Or.
142:Pars Occ
601:(ed.).
519:Sources
396:Hypatos
384:tablets
339:eunuchs
320:of the
250:themata
197:praetor
106:consuls
611:
583:
564:
538:
220:, the
212:, and
127:. The
125:Africa
556:[
322:thema
226:Egypt
80:Latin
42:Greek
34:Greek
609:ISBN
581:ISBN
562:OCLC
536:OCLC
306:and
166:Rome
123:and
121:Asia
168:.
133:of
628::
466:^
409:^
330:.
277:r.
208:,
204:,
182:r.
135:c.
115:r.
61:.
36::
617:.
589:.
568:.
542:.
274:(
190:/
179:(
152:(
112:(
96:/
32:(
20:)
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