Paul Krugman - Knowledge

612: 2378:, a book which argues that looking at the available historical economic data, fiscal cuts and austerity measures only deprive the economy of valuable funds that can circulate and further add to a poor economy – people cannot spend, and markets cannot thrive if there is not enough consumption and there cannot be sufficient consumption if there is large unemployment. He argues that while it is necessary to cut debt, it is the worst time to do so in an economy that has just suffered the most severe of financial shocks, and must be done instead when an economy is near full-employment when the private sector can withstand the burden of decreased government spending and austerity. Failure to stimulate the economy either by public or private sectors will only unnecessarily lengthen the current economic depression and make it worse. 1997: 2788:: "an overwhelming majority believes that the government is spending too much to help large financial institutions. This suggests that the administration's money-for-nothing financial policy will eventually deplete its political capital." In particular, he considered the Obama administration's actions to prop up the US financial system in 2009 to be impractical and unduly favorable to Wall Street bankers. In anticipation of President Obama's Job Summit in December 2009, Krugman said in a Fresh Dialogues interview, "This jobs summit can't be an empty exercise ... he can't come out with a proposal for $ 10 or $ 20 Billion of stuff because people will view that as a joke. There has to be a significant job proposal ... I have in mind something like $ 300 Billion." 2513:, "the most important political columnist in America ... he is almost alone in analyzing the most important story in politics in recent years – the seamless melding of corporate, class, and political party interests at which the Bush administration excels." In an interview in late 2009, Krugman said his missionary zeal had changed in the post-Bush era and he described the Obama administration as "good guys but not as forceful as I'd like ... When I argue with them in my column this is a serious discussion. We really are in effect speaking across the transom here." Krugman says he's more effective at driving change outside the administration than inside it, "now, I'm trying to make this progressive moment in American history a success. So that's where I'm pushing." 1022:

economies of scale, but also that manufacturing will establish and accrue itself in an area of high demand. Production that occurs adjacent to demand will result in lower transportation costs, but demand, as a result, will be greater due to concentrated nearby production. These forces act upon one another simultaneously, producing manufacturing and population agglomeration. Population will increase in these areas due to the more highly developed infrastructure and nearby production, therefore lowering the expense of goods, while economies of scale provide varied choices of goods and services. These forces will feed into each other until the greater portion of the urban population and manufacturing hubs are concentrated into a relatively insular geographic area.

922: 1116: 1083:, Krugman proposed, in an informal "mimeo" style of publication, an "international finance multiplier", to help explain the unexpected speed with which the global crisis had occurred. He argued that when, "highly leveraged financial institutions , which do a lot of cross-border investment lose heavily in one market ... they find themselves undercapitalized, and have to sell off assets across the board. This drives down prices, putting pressure on the balance sheets of other HLIs, and so on." Such a rapid contagion had hitherto been considered unlikely because of 3011:

should not be strongly impacted, at least in the medium to long run. He believes that the US should not repeat Reagan's 1981 policy on taxes and quotas on imported products, as even if it does not produce a recession, protectionism would shock "value chains" and disrupt jobs and communities in the same way as free trade in the past. In addition, other countries would take retaliatory measures against US exports. Krugman recommended against the abandonment of NAFTA, because it could cause economic losses and disruptions to businesses, jobs, and communities.

465: 2478:. At the time, it was considered likely that Clinton would offer him a position in the new administration, but allegedly Krugman's volatility and outspokenness caused Clinton to look elsewhere. Krugman later said that he was "temperamentally unsuited for that kind of role. You have to be very good at people skills, biting your tongue when people say silly things." In a Fresh Dialogues interview, Krugman added, "you have to be reasonably organized ... I can move into a pristine office and within three days it will look like a grenade went off." 2980:. In 1987 he quipped that, "If there were an Economist's Creed, it would surely contain the affirmations 'I understand the Principle of Comparative Advantage' and 'I advocate Free Trade'." However, Krugman argues in the same article that, given the findings of New Trade Theory, " has shifted from optimum to reasonable rule of thumb ... it can never again be asserted as the policy that economic theory tells us is always right." In the article, Krugman comes out in favor of free trade given the enormous political costs of actively engaging in 2497:'s policy proposals. According to Krugman, this was partly due to "the silence of the media – those 'liberal media' conservatives complain about ..." Krugman accused Bush of repeatedly misrepresenting his proposals, and criticized the proposals themselves. After Bush's election, and his perseverance with his proposed tax cut in the midst of the slump (which Krugman argued would do little to help the economy but substantially raise the fiscal deficit), Krugman's columns grew angrier and more focused on the administration. As 964:' disadvantageous patterns of trade. Krugman points out that although globalization has been positive on a whole, since the 1980s the process known as hyper-globalization has at least played a part in rising inequality. Nonetheless, trade remains beneficial in general, even between similar countries, because it permits firms to save on costs by producing at a larger, more efficient scale, and because it increases the range of brands available and sharpens the competition between firms. Krugman has usually been supportive of 2253: 40: 2042: 873:, combined with the assumption that consumers appreciate diversity, on international trade and on the location of economic activity. The importance of spatial issues in economics has been enhanced by Krugman's ability to popularize this complicated theory with the help of easy-to-read books and state-of-the-art syntheses. "Krugman was beyond doubt the key player in 'placing geographical analysis squarely in the economic mainstream' ... and in conferring it the central role it now assumes." 748:, as "one of the great economics teachers of all time" and said that he "had the knack of inspiring students to pick up his enthusiasm and technique, but find their own paths". In 1978, Krugman presented a number of ideas to Dornbusch, who flagged as interesting the idea of a monopolistically competitive trade model. Encouraged, Krugman worked on it and later wrote, " knew within a few hours that I had the key to my whole career in hand". In that same year, Krugman wrote " 1958:, which, he argued "most nearly approaches the usual goal of modern stabilization policy, which is to provide adequate demand in a clean, unobtrusive way that does not distort the allocation of resources". The proposal appeared first in a web posting on his academic site. This mimeo-draft was soon cited, but was also misread by some as repeating his earlier advice that Japan's best hope was in "turning on the printing presses", as recommended by 1875: 998:. In Krugman's own words, the passage from NTT to NEG was "obvious in retrospect; but it certainly took me a while to see it. ... The only good news was that nobody else picked up that $ 100 bill lying on the sidewalk in the interim." This would become Krugman's most-cited academic paper: by early 2009, it had 857 citations, more than double his second-ranked paper. Krugman called the paper "the love of my life in academic work". 6407: 2989:. In 1994, Krugman criticized the notion of national competitiveness, particularly comparisons of nations as competing corporations. Krugman noted that a country's economic success does not need to come at the expense of a rival nation, as if they were two competing companies selling similar products. Instead, foreign nations typically serve as export markets for a nation's goods, as well as suppliers of useful imports. 1887: 1013:, as Krugman's trade theory argues, then those economic regions with most production will be more profitable and will therefore attract even more production. That is, NTT implies that instead of spreading out evenly around the world, production will tend to concentrate in a few countries, regions, or cities, which will become densely populated but will also have higher levels of income. 3044:, asserting "I believe progressives should enthusiastically embrace the G.N.D.". He said that a "Green New Deal stuff is investment. On that stuff, don't worry about paying for it. Debt as an issue is vastly overstated, and a lot of these things pay for themselves. Go ahead and just deficit finance it." In 2021, he wrote that "we will almost surely have to put a price" on 4319: 8246: 1087:. He first announced that he was working on such a model on his blog, on October 5, 2008. Within days of its appearance, it was being discussed on some popular economics-oriented blogs. The note was soon being cited in papers (draft and published) by other economists, even though it had not itself been through ordinary peer review processes. 2047: 2046: 2043: 2833:, Krugman criticized world leaders for agreeing to halve deficits by 2013. Krugman claimed that these efforts could lead the global economy into the early stages of a "third depression" and leave "millions of lives blighted by the absence of jobs". He advocated instead the continued stimulus of economies to foster greater growth. 2319:, Krugman argues that government policies played a much greater role than commonly thought both in reducing inequality in the 1930s through 1970s and in increasing it in the 1980s through the present, and criticizes the Bush administration for implementing policies that Krugman believes widened the gap between the rich and poor. 3258:. He stated that "Russia is even weaker than most people, myself included, seem to have realized", that the military performance of Russia "has been less effective than advertised" in a stalemate at the beginning of the invasion, and that Russia encountered serious logistical problems. Krugman observed that the country's total 2048: 957:, the country with the larger demand for a good shall, at equilibrium, produce a more than proportionate share of that good and be a net exporter of it". The home market effect was an unexpected result, and Krugman initially questioned it, but ultimately concluded that the mathematics of the model were correct. 2398:, monographs and textbooks at every level, and books on economics and current affairs for the general public ... he has probably done more than any other writer to explain economic principles to a wide audience." Krugman has been described as the most controversial economist in his generation and according to 6121: 6162: 8238: 3018:

in the 1990s underestimated the effect on jobs and inequality in developed countries such as the US. He noted that although free trade has harmed some industries, communities, and some workers, it remains a win-win system overall, enriching both parties to the agreement at the national level; a trade

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The truth is that like many liberal American Jews — and most American Jews are still liberal — I basically avoid thinking about where Israel is going. It seems obvious from here that the narrow-minded policies of the current government are basically a gradual, long-run form of national suicide — and

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Krugman currently lives in New York City. Upon retiring from Princeton after fifteen years of teaching in June 2015, he addressed the issue in his column, stating that while he retains the utmost praise and respect for Princeton, he wishes to reside in New York City and hopes to focus more on public

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column: "What we should have learned from the Iraq debacle was that you should always be skeptical and that you should never rely on supposed authority. If you hear that 'everyone' supports a policy, whether it's a war of choice or fiscal austerity, you should ask whether 'everyone' has been defined

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has noted that Krugman "has written on a wide range of topics, always combining one of the best prose styles in the profession with an ability to construct elegant, insightful and useful models". Neary added that "no discussion of his work could fail to mention his transition from Academic Superstar

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trading agricultural products for industrial products from a country with a high industrial productivity. However, in the 20th century, an ever-larger share of trade occurred between countries with similar characteristics, which is difficult to explain by comparative advantage. Krugman's explanation

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After the 2016 elections, and Trump's moves towards protectionism, he wrote that while protectionism can make economies less efficient and reduce long-term growth, it would not directly cause recessions. He noted that if there is a trade war, imports would decrease as much as exports, so employment

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released the previous week, which concludes that most innovation was in fact about "providing investors with false substitutes for assets like bank deposits", and once investors realize the sheer number of securities that are unsafe a "flight to safety" occurs which necessarily leads to "financial

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I have informed Princeton that I will be retiring at the end of next academic year, that is, in June 2015. In August 2015 I will join the faculty of the Graduate Center, City University of New York, as a professor in the Ph.D. program in economics. I will also become a distinguished scholar at the

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The changing politics of race made it possible for a revived conservative movement, whose ultimate goal was to reverse the achievements of the New Deal, to win national elections – even though it supported policies that favored the interests of a narrow elite over those of middle- and lower-income

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in the US. Krugman advocated lower interest rates (to promote investment and spending on housing and other durable goods), and increased government spending on infrastructure, military, and unemployment benefits, arguing that these policies would have a larger stimulus effect, and unlike permanent

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credited its rapid economic recovery on currency controls, the relationship is disputed. An empirical study found that the Malaysian policies produced faster economic recovery and smaller declines in employment and real wages. Krugman later stated that the controls might not have been necessary at

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Manufacturing is characterized by increasing returns to scale and less restrictive and expansive land qualifications as compared to agricultural uses. So, geographically where can manufacturing be predicted to develop? Krugman states that manufacturing's geographical range is inherently limited by

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Krugman wrote in March 2006: "Immigration reduces the wages of domestic workers who compete with immigrants. That's just supply and demand: we're talking about large increases in the number of low-skill workers relative to other inputs into production, so it's inevitable that this means a fall in

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expressed concern over housing markets, Krugman criticized Greenspan's earlier reluctance to regulate the mortgage and related financial markets, arguing that " like a man who suggests leaving the barn door ajar, and then – after the horse is gone – delivers a lecture on the importance of keeping

3345:, "quite a few knowledge jobs may be eminently replaceable". He suggested that such technology would likely prove beneficial "in the long run", but that "in the long run, we are all dead, and even before that, some of us may find ourselves either unemployed or earning far less than we expected". 2224:

analysis of 26 politicians, journalists, and media commentators who made predictions in major newspaper columns or television news shows from September 2007 to December 2008 found that Krugman was the most accurate. Only nine of the prognosticators predicted more accurately than chance, two were

6198:, Lance Taylor, Harvard University Press, p. 159: "Kregel (2000) points out that there are at least three theories of the liquidity trap in the literature – Keynes own analyses ... Hicks' 1936 and 1937 ... and a view that can be attributed to Fisher in the 1930s and Paul Krugman in latter days" 2712:

the time they were applied, but that nevertheless "Malaysia has proved a point – namely, that controlling capital in a crisis is at least feasible." Krugman more recently pointed out that emergency capital controls have even been endorsed by the IMF, and are no longer considered radical policy.

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Krugman is the author or editor of 27 books, including scholarly works, textbooks, and books for a more general audience, and has published over 200 scholarly articles in professional journals and edited volumes. He has also written several hundred columns on economic and political issues for

1981:, so much so that economics commentator Noah Smith referred to it as the "Krugman insurgency". His view that most peer-reviewed macroeconomic research since the mid-1960s is wrong, preferring simpler models developed in the 1930s, has been criticized by some modern economists, like 2315:. It details the history of wealth and income gaps in the United States in the 20th century. The book describes how the gap between rich and poor declined greatly during the middle of the century, and then widened in the last two decades to levels higher even than in the 1920s. In 2551:

terrorist attacks, Krugman argued in his column that the calamity was "partly self-inflicted", citing poor pay and training for airport security driven by the transfer of responsibility for airport security from government to airlines. His column provoked an angry response and

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that’s bad for Jews everywhere, not to mention the world. But I have other battles to fight, and to say anything to that effect is to bring yourself under intense attack from organized groups that try to make any criticism of Israeli policies tantamount to anti-Semitism.

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that urged skepticism of optimistic predictions for technology-driven progress. He followed it with several pessimistic predictions of his own, including that "y 2005 or so, it will become clear that the Internet's impact on the economy has been no greater than the

2940:(1987) Krugman has referred to as not "real economic theory" and "remarkably ill-informed" respectively. In recent academic work, he has collaborated with Gauti Eggertsson on a New Keynesian model of debt-overhang and debt-driven slumps, inspired by the writings of 2372:. In the book, he discusses the failure of the United States regulatory system to keep pace with a financial system increasingly out-of-control, and the causes of and possible ways to contain the greatest financial crisis since the 1930s. In 2012, Krugman published 2292:'s economic and foreign policies and the US economy in the early 2000s. His columns argued that the large deficits during that time were generated by the Bush administration as a result of decreasing taxes on the rich, increasing public spending, and fighting the 3365:. She, as did Krugman, taught at MIT. Together, Krugman and his wife have collaborated on several economics textbooks. Although rumors began to circulate in early 2007 that Krugman's "son" was working for Hillary Clinton's campaign, Krugman reiterated in his 5590:

The workhorse model of this approach since 1991 has been the model of monopolistic competition due to Avinash Dixit and Joseph Stiglitz (1977). It was used by Paul Krugman (1979, 1980) to provide an approach to analyzing increasing returns in international

3196:, whom he described as "more impressive than any US politician" after a three-hour conversation with him. Krugman asserted that Brown "defined the character of the worldwide financial rescue effort" and urged British voters not to support the opposition 6573: 3074:

described Krugman as having "all the credentials of a ranking member of the East coast liberal establishment" but also as someone who is anti-establishment, a "scourge of the Bush administration", and a critic of the Obama administration. In 1996,

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Graph illustrating Krugman's 'core-periphery' model. The horizontal axis represents costs of trade, while the vertical axis represents the share of either region in manufacturing. Solid lines denote stable equilibria, dashed lines denote unstable

3334:, arguing against its economic soundness since 2011. In 2017, he predicted that Bitcoin is a more obvious bubble than housing and stated that "here's been no demonstration yet that it actually is helpful in conducting economic transactions". 1993:, where they call for greater use of fiscal stimulus policy to reduce unemployment and foster growth. The manifesto received over four thousand signatures within two days of its launch, and has attracted both positive and critical responses. 2619:

Krugman's use of the term leprechaun to refer to Ireland and its people has raised rebuke. In June 2021, Krugman wrote an article titled, "Yellen's New Alliance Against Leprechauns". Following the article, the Irish Ambassador to the US,

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In April 2010, as the Senate began considering new financial regulations, Krugman argued that the regulations should not only regulate financial innovation, but also tax financial-industry profits and remuneration. He cited a paper by

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remarked, "Say this for Krugman: though an unabashed liberal ... he's ideologically colorblind. He savages the supply-siders of the Reagan–Bush era with the same glee as he does the 'strategic traders' of the Clinton administration."

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is only a bit more than half as large as those of countries such as Britain and France, despite Russia's greater landmass, total population and natural resource endowment. He also noted that Russia's economy was further weakened by

2681:. Krugman's article was highly criticized in many Asian countries when it first appeared, and subsequent studies disputed some of Krugman's conclusions. However, it also stimulated a great deal of research, and may have caused the 7158: 2984:

and because there is no clear method for a government to discover which industries will ultimately yield positive returns. He also notes that increasing returns and strategic trade theory do not disprove the underlying truth of

2209:'s Sanjaya Lall Visiting Professorship of Business and Development, Trinity Term 2014, in recognition of his outstanding international reputation in scholarship and research in the field of Development Economics and Business. 6673: 2624:, wrote a letter to his publisher saying, "This is not the first time your columnist has used the word 'leprechaun' when referring to Ireland, and I see it as my duty to point out that this represents an unacceptable slur." 2537:, in his farewell column, criticized Krugman for what he said was "the disturbing habit of shaping, slicing and selectively citing numbers in a fashion that pleases his acolytes but leaves him open to substantive assaults". 761: 3220:

and his administration. His criticisms have included the president's climate change proposals, economic policy, the Republican tax plan and Trump's foreign policy initiatives. Krugman has often used his op-ed column in

3327:'s" and that the number of jobs for IT specialists would decelerate and turn down. In a 2013 interview, Krugman stated that the predictions were meant to be "fun and provocative, not to engage in careful forecasting". 3304:’s ability to stop the body count, but did not elaborate, having said in 2012 that “like many liberal American Jews — and most American Jews are still liberal — I basically avoid thinking about where Israel is going.” 4264: 2044: 3176:, which I regard as the most decent social arrangement yet devised." Krugman found the time "thrilling, then disillusioning". He did not fit into the Washington political environment and was not tempted to stay on. 4966: 2616:(or GNI*) to better measure the Irish economy (2016 Irish GDP is 143% of 2016 Irish GNI*). The term leprechaun economics has since been used by Krugman, and others, to describe distorted/unsound economic data. 1973:

recovered despite not pursuing his policy prescriptions, Krugman maintains that it was an export-led boom that pulled Japan out of its economic slump in the late-90s, rather than reforms of the financial system.

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since 1979. Krugman was President of the Eastern Economic Association in 2010. In February 2014, he announced that he would be retiring from Princeton in June 2015 and that he would be joining the faculty at the

9809:"As E.P. Thompson once noted, there are always willing experts and opinion leaders, such as Friedman and Krugman, to give a patina of legitimacy to the claims of the powerful ill-concealed cheer-leading . ... " 1942:

in the 1990s, arguing that the country was mired in a Keynesian liquidity trap. The debate he started at that time over liquidity traps and what policies best address them continues in the economics literature.

466: 7280: 6580: 2996:, Krugman made a significant departure from his general support for free trade, entertaining the idea of a 25% tariff on Chinese imports as a retaliation for China's policy of maintaining a low value for the 13790: 9093: 942:. Many models of international trade now follow Krugman's lead, incorporating economies of scale in production and a preference for diversity in consumption. This way of modeling trade has come to be called 2225:

significantly less accurate, and the remaining 14 were no better or worse than a coin flip. Krugman was correct in 15 out of 17 predictions, compared to 9 out of 11 for the next most accurate media figure,

14508: 13279: 6543: 3123:'s manned space flights given the available technology and their high financial cost compared to their general benefits. Krugman has also criticized U.S. zoning laws and European labor market regulation. 2585:. On January 19, 2016, he wrote an article which criticized Bernie Sanders for his perceived lack of political realism, compared Sanders' plans for healthcare and financial reform unfavorably to those of 15782: 914:. Consumers' preference for diversity explains the survival of different versions of cars like Volvo and BMW. However, because of economies of scale, it is not profitable to spread the production of 2365:

stated: "Krugman's chapter on the imperative need for health care reform is the best in this book, a rueful reminder of the kind of skilled and accessible economic analysis of which he is capable".

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constituted an economic miracle. He argued that their rise was fueled by mobilizing resources and that their growth rates would inevitably slow. His article helped popularize the argument made by

15792: 15189: 7401:, speech by Paul Krugman (Retrieved December 26, 2008) 00:43 "The title of The Conscience of a Liberal ... is a reference to a book published almost 50 years ago in the United States called The 9739:" seem to want to shame students into believing that there are no well-grounded arguments against coercing poor countries into free trade. ... This is poor logic, and pernicious insensitivity." 2489:

approached Krugman to write a bi-weekly column on "the vagaries of business and economics in an age of prosperity". His first columns in 2000 addressed business and economic issues, but as the

12127: 752:", a tongue-in-cheek essay on computing interest rates on goods in transit near the speed of light. He says he wrote it to cheer himself up when he was "an oppressed assistant professor". 15802: 7154: 5360: 15717: 7853: 7824: 6797: 4649: 2025:(informally the Nobel Prize in Economics), the sole recipient for 2008. This prize includes an award of about $ 1.4 million and was given to Krugman for his work associated with 6793:

Prize Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, October 13, 2008, Scientific background on the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2008,

6663: 2724:, both before and after they were enacted. Krugman argued that the tax cuts enlarged the budget deficit without improving the economy, and that they enriched the wealthy – worsening 14501: 13288: 13272: 8444:"Saving Asia: It's Time To Get Radical The IMF plan not only has failed to revive Asia's troubled economies but has worsened the situation. It's now time for some painful medicine" 15787: 5828: 577:, Krugman is the second most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses. As a commentator, Krugman has written on a wide range of economic issues including 7373: 9147: 5401:

One of the things Robin Wells and I did when writing our principles of economics textbook was to acquire and study a copy of the original, 1948 edition of Samuelson's textbook.

10525: 3172:. He later wrote in an autobiographical essay, "It was, in a way, strange for me to be part of the Reagan Administration. I was then and still am an unabashed defender of the 2631:. He has also remarked several times on how Trump tempts him to assume the worst, such that he has to be careful to check his personal beliefs against the weight of evidence. 11187: 15797: 15682: 13422: 5079: 5033: 2505:

quality to his writing since then ... He's trying to stop something now, using the power of the pen." Partly as a result, Krugman's twice-weekly column on the Op-Ed page of

1969:, arguing that expansionary fiscal policy is necessary as the major industrialized economies are mired in a liquidity trap. In response to economists who point out that the 8367: 8216: 4946: 3232:

that the markets would never recover under Trump and stated "first-pass answer is never" but retracted the call in the same publication three days later. Trump gave him a '

2526:", citing critics who felt that "his relentless partisanship is getting in the way of his argument" and claiming errors of economic and political reasoning in his columns. 2263:

In the 1990s, besides academic books and textbooks, Krugman increasingly began writing books for a general audience on issues he considered important for public policy. In

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poses for a photo with Nobel Prize winners Monday, Nov. 24, 2008, in the Oval Office. Joining President Bush from left are, Dr. Paul Krugman, Economics Prize Laureate; Dr.

15295: 15182: 14494: 13265: 9416: 15336: 15223: 6923: 2593:. Later, Krugman wrote an article which accused Sanders of " for easy slogans over hard thinking" and attacking Hillary Clinton in a way that was "just plain dishonest". 14517: 13910: 13727: 9580: 8799: 2275:" of the 1990s. He attributes the rise in income inequality in part to changes in technology, but principally to a change in political atmosphere which he attributes to 2195: 5921: 13778: 5502: 5102: 4783: 9553: 9085: 8269: 7965: 7405:

by Barry Goldwater. That book is often taken to be the origin, the start, of a movement that ended up dominating U.S. politics that reached its first pinnacle under

6742: 3935: 3236:'. Krugman stated "I get a 'fake news award' for a bad market call, retracted 3 days later, from 2000-lie man, who still won't admit he lost the popular vote. Sad!" 3048:. He criticized Democratic "moderates" and corporations "torpedoing efforts to avoid a civilization-threatening crisis because you want to hold down your tax bill". 10686: 4984: 7305: 15276: 11417: 10398: 8154: 15175: 9239: 7568: 6535: 10268: 9031: 8451: 7106: 6772: 6012: 5804: 5675: 5034:"[L]ater waves of immigrants were mostly looking for opportunity; although my own family (coming from Belarus and Ukraine) was fleeing violence and war" 3007:, as the agreement was not mainly about trade and, "whatever you may say about the benefits of free trade, most of those benefits have already been realized" . 15391: 10919: 10501: 10478: 10440: 10417: 10372: 9270: 3264: 9943: 9386: 15677: 9477: 15672: 15632: 13855: 8822: 6055: 4374:

Something I’ve been meaning to do — and still don’t have the time to do properly — is say something about Peter Beinart’s brave book The Crisis of Zionism.

10005: 9358: 2570:, he was revered on the left. Similarly, on the 10th anniversary of the 9/11 on the United States Krugman again provoked a controversy by accusing on his 2296:. Krugman wrote that these policies were unsustainable in the long run and would eventually generate a major economic crisis. The book was a best-seller. 15762: 11614: 10882: 10306: 8186: 6608: 11356: 8122: 7996: 7241: 5273: 5135: 4861: 2353:

credited Krugman with a commitment "to accurate history even when some fudging might be in order for the sake of political expediency". In a review for

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could not drop interest rates any lower to escape economic stagnation. The core of Krugman's policy proposal for addressing Japan's liquidity trap was

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But it’s only right to say something on behalf of Beinart, who has predictably run into that buzzsaw. As I said, a brave man, and he deserves better.

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as Professor of Economics and International Affairs. He is also currently Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics, and a member of the

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advantages if "strategic industries" can be identified, saying it's not clear that such identification can be done accurately enough to matter.

701:" to try to save civilization. Since present-day science fell far short of "psychohistory", Krugman turned to economics as the next best thing. 15135: 15116: 15101: 15082: 13826: 13572: 13448: 13416: 13393: 13320: 11034: 8950: 8091: 7515: 7500: 5953: 10970: 7849: 7820: 4493: 15777: 13709: 13491: 13370: 10143: 8578: 8027: 6794: 5296: 4646: 4554: 4524: 3120: 9696: 1996: 7543: 7899: 6970: 6709: 3099:

in favor of market supply and demand, likened the opposition against free trade and globalization to the opposition against evolution via

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owed their electoral successes to their ability to exploit the race issue to win political dominance of the South. Krugman argues that

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It took an interval of eleven years, but ultimately Krugman's work on New Trade Theory (NTT) converged to what is usually called the "

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data that 2015 GDP grew 26.3% and 2015 GNP grew 18.7%. The leprechaun economics affair (proved in 2018 to be Apple restructuring its

2022: 499: 362: 11223: 10522: 10286: 5385:"Sources of international friction and cooperation in high-technology development and trade." National Academies Press, 1996, p. 190 4103: 3019:

war is equivalently negative for the nations involved, even while it may benefit some individuals or industries within each nation.

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article, he suggested exchange controls as "a solution so unfashionable, so stigmatized, that hardly anyone has dared suggest it".

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Krugman has at times advocated free markets in contexts where they are often viewed as controversial. He has written against

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as being too small and inadequate given the size of the economy and the banking rescue plan as misdirected; Krugman wrote in

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and the New Economic Geography. In the words of the prize committee, "By having integrated economies of scale into explicit

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models, Paul Krugman has deepened our understanding of the determinants of trade and the location of economic activity."

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all over the world; instead, it is concentrated in a few factories and therefore in a few countries (or maybe just one).

11409: 9760: 7728: 7394: 6430: 6372: 5871: 4669: 4299: 854:. Krugman also writes on economic topics for the general public, sometimes on international economic topics but also on 573:. A 2011 survey of economics professors named him their favorite living economist under the age of 60. According to the 10392: 9656: 8144: 7955: 7560: 7053: 6640: 6213: 5785: 5250: 3857: 3362: 2345:", which included placing more emphasis on social and medical programs and less on national defense. In his review of 1978: 1588: 1436: 906: 718: 9481: 9447: 8443: 7804: 6768: 5672: 15722: 15612: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14227: 11166: 10498: 10475: 10437: 10414: 10369: 10197: 9231: 9027: 7460: 7313: 6339: 6009: 5801: 4088: 4078: 4065: 4043: 4019: 3997: 3982: 3962: 3944: 3929: 3907: 3892: 3872: 3837: 3829: 3816: 3803: 3790: 3777: 3764: 3751: 3738: 3725: 3712: 3692: 3679: 3666: 3653: 3640: 3603: 3590: 3577: 3564: 3551: 3538: 3525: 3512: 3499: 3487: 3474: 3461: 3448: 3431: 3418: 2276: 2134: 472: 13257: 10909: 9935: 9383: 9262: 3493:

What Do We Need to Know About the International Monetary System? (Essays in International Finance, No 190 July 1993)

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family, the son of Anita and David Krugman. In 1914, his maternal grandparents immigrated to the United States from

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of rushing "to cash in on the horror" after the attacks and describing the anniversary as "an occasion for shame".

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to set out arguments against the president's policies. On election night in 2016, Krugman wrongly predicted in a

2206: 1903: 910:, and involves two key assumptions: that consumers prefer a diverse choice of brands, and that production favors 14486: 11133: 8826: 6053: 4897: 4587: 14295: 12680: 11053:"Did Paul Krugman Say the Internet's Effect on the World Economy Would Be 'No Greater Than the Fax Machine's'?" 9997: 9350: 7938: 7706: 4346: 3189: 2613: 2233: 1935: 1080: 8176: 7988: 6605: 5132: 2673:, and that total factor productivity had not increased. Krugman argued that in the long term, only increasing 15332: 15300: 14379: 12650: 12640: 12333: 11348: 8601: 8307: 8114: 7237: 6617: 6032: 5270: 4963: 4869: 2730: 2729:

tax cuts, would only temporarily increase the budget deficit. In addition, he was against Bush's proposal to

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Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy

3353:

Krugman has been married twice. His first wife, Robin L. Bergman, is a designer. He is currently married to

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theory in his work, he has also criticized it for lacking predictive power and for hewing to ideas like the

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in 2010, and is among the most influential economists in the world. He is known in academia for his work on

15747: 15647: 15260: 14342: 12800: 12773: 12134: 12107: 11052: 10740: 10323: 10216: 10059: 8552: 7428: 4830:"Economics Professors' Favorite Economic Thinkers, Journals, and Blogs (along with Party and Policy Views)" 4731: 4351: 3165: 2362: 2311: 1573: 1561: 994: 827: 780: 760: 628: 538: 377: 11569: 11314: 10346: 5703: 15199: 13745: 13227: 13208: 12785: 12630: 12596: 12581: 12560: 12555: 11914: 11092: 10883:"Donald Trump has given Paul Krugman a 'Fake News Award' – but did the economist really get it so wrong?" 10028: 9966: 9504: 5174: 5006: 3883: 2977: 2884: 2689: 2419: 2301: 2182: 1463: 1293: 1217: 1145: 599: 356: 262: 15359: 8703: 7155:"Economist Professor Paul Krugman receives James Joyce Award from UCD Literary & Historical Society" 7058: 4760:

like that in A. Dixit and J. Stiglitz (1977), 'Monopolistic competition and optimal product diversity',

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named Krugman one of its 2012 FP Top 100 Global Thinkers "for wielding his acid pen against austerity".

15642: 15228: 14165: 14129: 13202: 12778: 12468: 12458: 11859: 11499: 11281: 11012: 9319: 7692: 7594: 7215: 6574:"Consensus, Dissensus and Economic Ideas: The Rise and Fall of Keynesianism During the Economic Crisis" 5755: 3084: 3000:, which many saw as hostile currency manipulation, artificially making their exports more competitive. 1583: 1566: 1446: 1002: 788: 636: 534: 205: 15236: 9293: 8474: 8336: 7774: 7631: 5155: 3060:

and has explained that he views the term "liberal" in the American context to mean "more or less what

15757: 14987: 14291: 12348: 11904: 11824: 11786: 11781: 11382: 10831:"Paul Krugman Is Overly Gloomy - Trump's Election Is Not Going To Cause A Permanent Global Recession" 10291: 10165: 9644: 8942: 5950: 4964:

Encyclopedia of American Jewish History, Volume 1 edited by Stephen Harlan Norwood, Eunice G. Pollack

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Krugman became an assistant professor at Yale University in September 1977. He joined the faculty at

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leadership for what he sees as a strategic (but largely tacit) reliance on racial divisions. In his

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Dixit, Avinash; Stiglitz, Joseph (1977). "Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity".

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columns, many deal with the economic policies of the Bush administration or the economy in general.

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Trade with Japan: Has the Door Opened Wider? (National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report)

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has written that Krugman is both the "most hated and most admired columnist in the US". Economist

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Empirical Studies of Strategic Trade Policy (National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report)

3378: 3197: 2609: 1627: 1549: 1544: 1516: 1099: 1084: 1047: 846:, of an undergraduate economics text which he says was strongly inspired by the first edition of 672: 542: 230: 174: 15387: 15272: 10771: 9791: 7891: 3014:

In the late 2010s, Krugman admitted that the models that scholars used to measure the impact of

2799:, and he has advocated a "surcharge" on Chinese imports to the US in response. Jeremy Warner of 15707: 14334: 13919: 13056: 12901: 12761: 12704: 12660: 12623: 12373: 12313: 12288: 12258: 12231: 11839: 11693: 11440: 10179: 9640: 8632:""The Liberalization And Management Of Capital Flows: An Institutional View" November 14, 2012" 7769: 6966: 6699: 6510: 5969: 3968: 3440: 3318: 3259: 3193: 2981: 2957: 2927: 2896: 2758: 2741:

your animals properly locked up." Krugman has repeatedly expressed his view that Greenspan and

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The "home market effect" that Krugman discovered in NTT also features in NEG, which interprets

989: 507: 350: 7512: 7497: 7181:"Welcome Professor Krugman as the Sanjaya Lall Visiting Professor of Business and Development" 7084: 6848: 6334:

Krugman, Paul (1999). "The Return of Depression Economics", pp. 70–77. W. W. Norton, New York

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Krugman's theory also took into account transportation costs, a key feature in producing the "

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of countries with very different characteristics, such as a country with a high agricultural

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and then reached its full control of the U.S. government for most of the last eight years."

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When there are economies of scale in production, it is possible that countries may become '

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since 1992 he has moved "from being a center-left scholar to being a liberal polemicist".

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policy, which he believes to be a significant drag on global economic recovery from the

2589:, and cited criticisms of Sanders from other liberal policy wonks like Mike Konczal and 1664: 15450: 15345: 14915: 14597: 14009: 13691: 13222: 13193: 13151: 12956: 12665: 12645: 12613: 12527: 12522: 12502: 12453: 12393: 12383: 12328: 12323: 12155: 11997: 11834: 11771: 11496:

features books by Krugman, a custom search engine, and aggregated content from the web.

11487: 11209: 11171: 10914: 9867: 9784: 9526: 8387: 8303: 8274: 8181: 8149: 8050: 7654: 6795:"Trade and Geography – Economies of Scale, Differentiated Products and Transport Costs" 6259: 5630: 5554: 5535: 4799: 4341: 4241: 4233: 4185: 4177: 4136: 3293: 2697: 2666: 2443: 2407: 2394:

to Public Intellectual. Through his extensive writings, including a regular column for

1779: 1506: 1473: 1411: 1065: 950: 911: 819: 729:(MIT). In 1977, he successfully completed his PhD in three years, with a thesis titled 684: 632: 563: 494: 334: 15414: 15055: 11378: 8973: 6196:

Reconstructing Macroeconomics: Structuralist Proposals and Critiques of the Mainstream

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Krugman was noteworthy for his fierce opposition to the 2016 presidential campaign of

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Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in an Age of Diminished Expectations

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Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in an Age of Diminished Expectations

4015: 3993: 3978: 3958: 3940: 3925: 3903: 3888: 3868: 3853: 3833: 3825: 3812: 3799: 3786: 3773: 3760: 3747: 3734: 3721: 3708: 3688: 3675: 3662: 3649: 3636: 3616: 3599: 3586: 3573: 3560: 3547: 3534: 3521: 3508: 3495: 3483: 3470: 3457: 3444: 3427: 3414: 3100: 3061: 2926:

school, although Krugman has been critical of some Post-Keynesian economists such as

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In late 2008, Krugman published a substantial updating of an earlier work, entitled

1714: 15537: 15426: 15147: 15109: 15086: 15071: 14927: 14820: 14800: 14648: 14640: 14577: 14323: 14147: 14069: 14045: 14021: 13814: 13802: 13578: 13554: 13136: 13081: 13066: 13051: 13036: 12966: 12946: 12926: 12881: 12488: 12438: 12408: 12403: 12293: 12219: 12097: 12052: 12022: 11924: 11607: 11536: 9857: 9688: 8509: 8379: 7697:"A Nobel-Bound Economist Punctures the CW – and Not a Few Big-Name Washington Egos" 7646: 6496: 6317: 6251: 6107: 6084: 5620: 5612: 5473: 4665: 4324: 4225: 4167: 4148: 3544:

Has the Adjustment Process Worked? (Policy Analyses in International Economics, 34)

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Amponsah, William (December 3, 2007). "The Conscience of a Liberal: Book Review".

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Wealth by stealth: corporate crime, corporate law, and the perversion of democracy

7498:"On Healthcare, Tax Cuts, Social Security, the Mortgage Crisis and Alan Greenspan" 7180: 6815:, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Spring, 1993), pp. 173–88, 6476: 6321: 5968:, Frankfurt, Germany, 06-26-2008; from website for the Board of Governors for the 4727: 2544:

blog is "The Conscience of a Liberal", devoted largely to economics and politics.

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In September 2003, Krugman published a collection of his columns under the title,

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and the geographic distribution of economic activity, by examining the effects of

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models, and it is his second-most-cited paper (457 citations as of early 2009).

733:

While at MIT, he was part of a small group of MIT students sent to work for the

15531: 15466: 15369: 15155: 15124: 15094: 15063: 14943: 14875: 14871: 14840: 14808: 14776: 14724: 14676: 14660: 14549: 14385: 14354: 14280: 14274: 14201: 14189: 14159: 14105: 14057: 14033: 13967: 13931: 13808: 13679: 13399: 13161: 13146: 13111: 13096: 13076: 13046: 12866: 12517: 12226: 12194: 12102: 12067: 11967: 11894: 11819: 11791: 11766: 11746: 11706: 11701: 11603: 11599: 11546: 11286: 9145: 7960: 7627: 7528: 7508: 6632: 6280: 5961: 4517:"Ladies And Gentlemen, We Have Finally Learned The Right Way To Say 'Krugman'!" 4443: 4414: 3388:. He has described himself as a "Loner. Ordinarily shy. Shy with individuals." 3313: 3246: 3041: 2961: 2919: 2876: 2837: 2737: 2621: 2582: 2562: 2523: 2494: 2390: 2358: 2240: 2005: 2001: 1986: 1931: 1849: 1764: 1759: 1416: 1266: 1222: 1140: 1115: 1107: 1039: 961: 847: 745: 620: 586: 546: 293: 242: 179: 99: 12896: 7391: 6351: 1934:

as a topic in economics. He recommended pursuing aggressive fiscal policy and

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was not the result of new and original economic models, but rather from high

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has described the Clark Medal as 'slightly harder to get than a Nobel prize'.

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Arguing with Zombies: Economics, Politics, and the Fight for a Better Future

3267:. He concluded that Russia had "far less real strength than meets the eye." 3208:"has had little to offer other than to raise the red flag of fiscal panic". 2522:

questioned Krugman's "growing tendency to attribute all the world's ills to

2516:

Krugman's columns have drawn criticism as well as praise. A 2003 article in

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Krugman giving a lecture at the German National Library in Frankfurt in 2008

737:

for three months in the summer of 1976, during the chaotic aftermath of the

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Nayan Chanda, YaleGlobal Online, orig. from Businessworld February 8, 2008

4666:"Lionel Robbins Memorial Lectures 2009: The Return of Depression Economics" 3217: 3185: 3116: 3092: 2945: 2915: 2654: 2605: 2566:, while some people thought that he was too partisan to be a columnist for 2498: 2482: 2467: 2226: 1951: 1879: 1749: 1709: 1496: 1368: 1335: 1325: 1283: 1160: 1155: 1006: 977: 900: 830:

project ranks him among the world's most influential economists. Krugman's

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Paul Krugman has written extensively on international economics, including

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novels, in which the social scientists of the future use a new science of "

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wages ... the fiscal burden of low-wage immigrants is also pretty clear."

1005:"as the outcome of the interaction of increasing returns, trade costs and 869:

stated that Krugman's main contribution is his analysis of the effects of

783:. He rejoined MIT as a full professor in 1984. Krugman has also taught at 15549: 15543: 15035: 15019: 14947: 14832: 14764: 14668: 14632: 14251: 14111: 13991: 13955: 13796: 13697: 13656: 13626: 13614: 13590: 13432: 13131: 13121: 12911: 12790: 12734: 12209: 12072: 12047: 12042: 11909: 11889: 11829: 11801: 11751: 9692: 9470: 7925: 7590: 7523: 6539: 5724: 4914: 4757: 4579: 3384:

Krugman reports that he is a distant relative of conservative journalist

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blog former U.S. President George W. Bush and former New York City mayor

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Japanese fixed income markets: money, bond and interest rate derivatives

5625: 5103:"Paul Krugman, LI [Long Island] native, wins Nobel in economics" 4152: 4114: 4104:

Debt, Deleveraging, and the Liquidity Trap: A Fisher-Minsky-Koo Approach

3633:

Currency Crises (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)

2202:

in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the economic sciences.

1965:

Krugman has since drawn parallels between Japan's 'lost decade' and the

603:. His popular commentary has attracted widespread praise and criticism. 545:(including trade theory and international finance), economic geography, 15120: 15075: 14565: 14141: 14075: 13733: 13041: 12841: 12618: 11884: 11879: 11741: 11731: 11560: 10965: 10607: 9871: 6816: 6704: 6506: 6392: 6263: 6144: 6049: 5539: 4237: 4210: 4181: 4048:

History of economic thought from the first rumblings of revolt against

3967:

Considers the long economic stagnation of Japan through the 1990s, the

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of trade between similar countries was proposed in a 1979 paper in the

656: 373: 308: 12131: 11578: 11379:"Noted Economist Paul Krugman to Join Graduate Center Faculty in 2015" 9146:

Shleifer, Andrei; Vishny, Robert; Gennaioli, Nicola (April 12, 2010).

6019:, The Conscience of a Liberal (blog), 10-05-2008. Retrieved 09-20-2009 2922:

observers cite commonalities between Krugman's views and those of the

510:. The Prize Committee cited Krugman's work explaining the patterns of 13509: 12891: 12821: 12178: 12002: 8383: 7107:"Paul Krugman: Doctor honoris causa by three Portuguese universities" 5584:

Rosser, J. Barkley (2011). "2: The New Economic Geography Approach".

4894: 4300:

Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade

4058:

The Age of Diminished Expectations: U.S. Economic Policy in the 1990s

3301: 3108: 2770: 2682: 2662: 2534: 1837: 1679: 1310: 1195: 1150: 1068:. Krugman's paper is considered one of the main contributions to the 802:

international economic body. He has been a research associate at the

489: 481: 8550:"Capital Control Freaks: How Malaysia got away with economic heresy" 7935: 7696: 6941:"Citation presented by Linda Bell, Associate Professor of Economics" 6579:. The Center for the Study of Development Strategies. Archived from 6255: 6139:, "Japanese Monetary Policy: a case of self-induced paralysis?", in 5559:

Discussion Papers from Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University

4229: 4172: 4125: 3990:

The Accidental Theorist and Other Dispatches from the Dismal Science

15460: 12670: 9028:"Fresh Dialogues interview with Alison van Diggelen, November 2009" 7930: 7821:"Fresh Dialogues interview with Alison van Diggelen, November 2009" 7701: 6730: 5603:

Krugman, P. (1981). "Trade, accumulation, and uneven development".

3115:(1998), and argued against mandates, subsidies, and tax breaks for 3077: 3066: 2997: 2704: 2342: 2293: 839: 582: 530: 15502: 11509: 10307:"Biden's plan may be our last chance to avoid climate catastrophe" 8514: 8505: 6106:, Jonathan Batten, Thomas A. Fetherston, Peter G. Szilagyi (eds.) 6029: 4276:

Scale economies, product differentiation, and the pattern of trade

3877:

A call for stimulative expansionary policy and an end to austerity

2707:

was the only country that adopted such controls, and although the

15783:

Gerald Loeb Award winners for Columns, Commentary, and Editorials

13289:

Gerald Loeb Award winners for Columns, Commentary, and Editorials

11554: 11477: 11134:"PAUL KRUGMAN: Bitcoin is a more obvious bubble than housing was" 6664:"David Blanchflower: Yet more nails in Osborne's economic coffin" 6237:"It's Baaack: Japan's Slump and the Return of the Liquidity Trap" 6235:

Krugman, Paul R.; Dominquez, Kathryn M.; Rogoff, Kenneth (1998).

4756:

Note: Krugman modeled a 'preference for diversity' by assuming a

3342: 3331: 1064:

regimes are unlikely to end smoothly but instead end in a sudden

652: 648: 529:. He retired from Princeton in June 2015, and holds the title of 15212: 13540: 13300: 10679:"Thirty new facts about Gordon Brown from Anthony Seldon's book" 9724:

Economies of representation, 1790–2000: colonialism and commerce

8549: 5941:"The International Finance Multiplier", P. Krugman, October 2008 5131:

Interview, U.S. Economist Krugman Wins Nobel Prize in Economics

4070:

A "briefing book" on the major policy issues around the economy.

1950:

that Japan was in a liquidity trap in the late 1990s, since the

772:

in 1979. From 1982 to 1983, Krugman spent a year working at the

15793:

Fellows of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

11564: 6630: 5700: 4728:"Economist Rankings at IDEAS – Top 10% Authors, as of May 2016" 4689: 4687: 4126:

It's Baaack: Japan's Slump and the Return of the Liquidity Trap

3096: 1886: 401: 13345:

Gerald Loeb Award for Columns/Editorial (1973–1976, 1978–1982)

10109:"What Economists (Including Me) Got Wrong About Globalization" 9086:"Paul Krugman, the Nobel prize winner who threatens the world" 6818:

In Honor of Paul Krugman: Winner of the John Bates Clark Medal

6564: 2052:

Paul Krugman accepts EPI Distinguished Economist Award (2011).

533:

there. He also holds the title of Centennial Professor at the

11636: 6141:

Japan's financial crisis and its parallels to U.S. experience

5917:

Craig Burnside, Martin Eichenbaum, and Sergio Rebelo (2008),

4694: 3533:(July 1991), with Guillermo de la Dehesa and Charles Taylor. 3403:

The Spatial Economy – Cities, Regions and International Trade

3229: 2892: 2685:

government to provide incentives for technological progress.

1478: 1254: 1042:

and Dale Henderson were completing their discussion paper on

915: 687:. According to Krugman, his interest in economics began with 12147: 11532: 11473: 7875:(unattributed) (November 2003). "The one-handed economist". 7207: 7083:(in Portuguese). Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Archived from 5802:"Interview with the 2008 laureate in economics Paul Krugman" 4684: 3467:

Foreign Direct Investment in the United States (3rd Edition)

3454:

Development, Geography, and Economic Theory (Ohlin Lectures)

2891:. Since the 1990s, he has promoted the practical use of the 2016: 518:

and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services.

15803:

MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences faculty

11493: 11167:"Does ChatGPT Mean Robots Are Coming For the Skilled Jobs?" 8416: 2805:

accused Krugman of advocating a return to self-destructive

2646: 2548: 2196:

Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)

930:

Krugman modeled a 'preference for diversity' by assuming a

635:, Nobel Prize Laureates 2008, at a press conference at the 589:, and international economics. Krugman considers himself a 452: 15718:

MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni

8051:"Paul Krugman defenders attacked by conservative bloggers" 5737:

Strategic trade policy and the new international economics

5555:"The Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman Trade Model: A Geometric Note" 3685:

Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics

3396: 3155: 3003:

In 2015, Krugman noted his ambivalence about the proposed

2952:. Their work argues that during a debt-driven slump, the " 443: 10236:"Opinion | Purity vs. Pragmatism, Environment vs. Health" 9443: 8881:"Financial Crisis Should Be at Center of Election Debate" 7336:"The Great Unraveling: Losing Our Way in the New Century" 5727:

sent me when I criticized his attacks on globalization.")

5395:

Paul Krugman (December 13, 2009). "Paul Samuelson, RIP".

5142:, October 13, 2008, transcript Retrieved October 14, 2008 3975:

The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008

3936:

The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008

3373:

policy issues. He subsequently became a professor at the

2745:

are the two individuals most responsible for causing the

2370:

The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008

522: 446: 13478: 11188:"Three Whiz Kid Economists of the 90's, Pragmatists All" 6028:

Andrew Leonard, "Krugman: 'We are all Brazilians now'",

6000:"The myth of decoupling," Sebastien Walti, February 2009 5673:"Bold strokes: a strong economic stylist wins the Nobel" 4115:

The Increasing Returns Revolution in Trade and Geography

2474:, and Clinton's campaign used some of Krugman's work on 2212:

2016, Doctor of Letters, honoris causa conferred by the

1046:

in the gold market. Krugman adapted their model for the

659:, New York, spent several years of his childhood in the 651:, while in 1920, his paternal grandparents arrived from 15788:

John F. Kennedy High School (Bellmore, New York) alumni

11410:"David Frum, AEI, Heritage And Health Care (blog post)" 10461:

Paul Krugman (August 14, 2011). "The Texas Unmiracle".

8239:"Housing data reveals return of 'leprechaun economics'" 6180:"Some Observations on the Return of the Liquidity Trap" 4002:

Essay collection, primarily from Krugman's writing for

3899:

The Great Unraveling: Losing Our Way in the New Century

3111:

are preferable to unemployment, dismissed the case for

1977:

Krugman was one of the most prominent advocates of the

1016: 842:

on international economics. He is also co-author, with

484:

who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the

9665: 9608:"Nobel prize winner sounding a trifle modern moneyish" 7844: 7842: 6234: 5586:

Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity

5072:"Friday Night Music: Got To Admit It's Getting Better" 4265:

Intra-industry specialization and the gains from trade

4024:

Essay collection, covering largely the same ground as

3626: 3130:

in the run-up to the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

2720:

In the early 2000s, Krugman repeatedly criticized the

976:, which New Trade Theory suggests might offer nations 13918: 9672:

Eggertsson, Gauti B.; Krugman, Paul (June 14, 2012).

9478:

The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money

6694: 5794: 5523: 5053:"Caught my eye because I lived in Utica from age 3-8" 3377:

and a distinguished scholar at the Graduate Center's

3357:, an academic economist who received her BA from the 2187:

2013, Doctor of Laws, honoris causa conferred by the

473: 455: 437: 15798:

Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs

15683:

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

10641: 10639: 9462: 9431: 9409:"Who You Gonna Bet On, Yet Again (Somewhat Wonkish)" 7850:"Fresh Dialogues interview with Alison van Diggelen" 7419: 7417: 7415: 6731:

Stephen King (chief economist HSBC) (July 9, 2012).

5451: 4314: 3922:

Fuzzy Math: The Essential Guide to the Bush Tax Plan

3707:(Spring 2007), with Robin Wells and Kathryn Graddy. 3337:

In December 2022 Krugman predicted that, because of

3179: 2267:(1990), he wrote in particular about the increasing 440: 11282:"THE DEFLATIONIST: How Paul Krugman found politics" 11035:"Predictions are Hard, Especially About the Future" 10405:

Paul Krugman, Washington Monthly, September 1, 1998

8814: 8308:"NYT columnist's 'leprechaun' reference criticised" 8302: 7956:"The Deflationist: How Paul Krugman found politics" 7953: 7839: 6292:

Journal of the Japanese and International Economies

5892: 5452:Behrens, Kristian; Robert-Nicoud, Frédéric (2009). 3733:, first edition (December 2005), with Robin Wells. 3583:

Exchange-Rate Instability (Lionel Robbins Lectures)

3518:

Geography and Trade (Gaston Eyskens Lecture Series)

3279:to exclude anyone expressing a different opinion." 1090: 521:Krugman was previously a professor of economics at 449: 434: 9927: 9783: 9400: 7359: 7357: 6661: 5388: 4147: 3375:Graduate Center of the City University of New York 1930:Krugman has done much to revive discussion of the 1030:Krugman has also been influential in the field of 809:Graduate Center of the City University of New York 486:Graduate Center of the City University of New York 13510:Gerald Loeb Award for Editorial/Commentary (1984) 11615:Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics 10636: 10269:"Paul Krugman's 3-part test for deficit spending" 9905:"Opinion | Taking on China and Its Currency" 9747: 9745: 9671: 8559:, Slate, September 27, 1999. Retrieved 08-25-2009 8503: 8209:"The U.S. Has a 'Leprechaun Economy' Effect, Too" 7412: 6763: 6077:Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 6048:"Krugman: The International Finance Multiplier", 5492: 5374:Graduate Center's Luxembourg Income Study Center. 3369:op-ed column that he and his wife are childless. 3119:(2000). In 2003, he questioned the usefulness of 15584: 7892:"13 Things I Meant to Write About but Never Did" 7561:"Paul Krugman's Prescription For A 'Depression'" 7183:. Green Templeton College, Oxford. May 7, 2014. 7109:. Portuguese American Journal. February 28, 2012 6495: 6070: 5964:, speech at the International Research Forum on 5696: 5694: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5419:London School of Economics and Political Science 4439:"Paul Krugman on Arguing With Zombies (Podcast)" 4410:"Paul Krugman on Arguing With Zombies (Podcast)" 2906:, he remarked that he is "gravitating towards a 2661:, among others, that the growth of economies in 9232:"Why We're in a New Gilded Age by Paul Krugman" 8754: 8752: 8417:Van Den Berg, Hendrik; Joshua J. Lewer (2006). 7392:"Nobelpristagaren i ekonomi 2008: Paul Krugman" 7387: 7385: 7354: 7157:. University College Dublin. January 14, 2014. 6700:"Krugman's Manifesto for Economic Common Sense" 6275: 6273: 5897:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 245–64. 4772: 4770: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4574: 4572: 3843: 19:"Krugman" redirects here. For the surname, see 15503:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences 14249: 9896: 9742: 9496: 9148:"Financial Innovation and Financial Fragility" 8783: 7874: 6733:"Krugman and Layard suffer from optimism bias" 5739:, Paul R. Krugman (ed), The MIT Press, p. 18, 4436: 4407: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 3674:(October 1991), co-edited with Marcus Miller. 3265:international sanctions as a result of the war 3164:when the latter was appointed chairman of the 2976:in the 1980s–1990s provoked some ire from the 2776:Krugman has also been critical of some of the 2696:as a way to mitigate the crisis. Writing in a 2405:From the mid-1990s onwards, Krugman wrote for 2145:winner to be awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize. 2116:2004, Fundación Príncipe de Asturias (Spain), 744:Krugman later praised his PhD thesis advisor, 498:. In 2008, Krugman was the sole winner of the 15183: 14502: 14235: 13904: 13273: 12163: 11652: 11349:"Changes (Personal/Professional) (blog post)" 9998:"Opinion | Making the Rust Belt Rustier" 9714: 9579:Conceicao, Daniel Negreiros (July 19, 2009). 9114: 9083: 6943:. Haverford.edu. May 28, 2004. Archived from 6558: 5691: 5432: 4153:"Globalization and the inequality of nations" 4096: 3824:, with Maurice Obstfeld. 7th Edition (2006), 3661:(April 1994), co-edited with Alasdair Smith. 1911: 1034:. As a graduate student, Krugman visited the 15678:American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent 15213:Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences 14522:Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences 13541:Gerald Loeb Award for Commentary (1985–2023) 13301:Gerald Loeb Award for Editorials (1970–1972) 11150:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 11010: 10991: 10907: 10460: 10386: 10214: 10198:"The Bad Economics of Fossil Fuel Defenders" 10136:"Opinion | Oh! What a Lovely Trade War" 9933: 9727:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 200–01. 9554:"Keynes's Relevance and Krugman's Economics" 9052: 8749: 8504:Kaplan, Ethan; Dani Rodrik (February 2001). 8435: 8334: 8267: 8112: 8081: 8017: 7986: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7382: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6270: 5951:"Global Economic Integration and Decoupling" 5394: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 4767: 4632: 4569: 4430: 3292:a “brave book,” criticizing the policies of 2780:'s economic policies. He has criticized the 2493:progressed, Krugman increasingly focused on 1009:differences". If trade is largely shaped by 15673:American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent 15633:Academics of the London School of Economics 11342: 11340: 11279: 9720: 9342: 8410: 8270:"Yellen's New Alliance Against Leprechauns" 7758: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7589: 6909:, August 7, 2005. Retrieved March 28, 2007. 6073:"The geography of finance: after the storm" 4394: 3772:, fourth edition (2017), with Robin Wells. 3746:, second edition (2009), with Robin Wells. 3188:and his party were unfairly blamed for the 2645:article, Paul Krugman argued that it was a 2081:National Association for Business Economics 887:Prior to Krugman's work, trade theory (see 606: 15763:United States Council of Economic Advisers 15190: 15176: 14509: 14495: 14242: 14228: 13911: 13897: 13280: 13266: 12170: 12156: 11659: 11645: 10395:Living Wage: What It Is and Why We Need It 10060:"Opinion | Trump, Trade and Tantrums" 9311: 9254: 8506:"Did the Malaysian Capital Controls Work?" 8359: 7762: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7011: 6533: 5775: 5282: 3822:International Economics: Theory and Policy 3798:, sixth edition (2021), with Robin Wells. 3785:, fifth edition (2018), with Robin Wells. 3759:, third edition (2013), with Robin Wells. 2556:was flooded with complaints. According to 1918: 1904: 832:International Economics: Theory and Policy 38: 11013:"What if This Is Our Last Real Election?" 9861: 9818: 9578: 9378: 9376: 9030:. Freshdialogues.com. November 13, 2009. 8731:The Daily of the University of Washington 8513: 7914: 7789: 7622: 7620: 6831: 6395:, Petersen Institute, September 1, 1998, 6370:"Further Notes on Japan's Liquidity Trap" 6088: 5624: 5477: 5412: 5214: 4907: 4211:"Target zones and exchange rate dynamics" 4198:Increasing returns and economic geography 4171: 3036:Krugman has called for a transition to a 2715: 2023:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2017:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 983: 500:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 480:; born February 28, 1953) is an American 363:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 11337: 10591: 9887:"Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession" 9837: 9781: 9605: 9193: 8466: 8145:"Leprechaun Economics and Neo-Lafferism" 7852:. Freshdialogues.com. December 9, 2009. 7823:. Freshdialogues.com. December 9, 2009. 7743: 7131:. University of Toronto. June 14, 2013. 6886: 6207: 5649:"Does globalization lead to inequality?" 4722: 4720: 3949:An updated version of his previous work. 3672:Exchange Rate Targets and Currency Bands 3469:(February 1995), with Edward M. Graham. 3168:and chief economic advisor to President 2501:put it in 2002, "There's been a kind of 2251: 2040: 1995: 1025: 920: 759: 610: 11407: 11346: 11312: 11261:from the original on September 13, 2017 11248: 11164: 11105: 11032: 10940: 10855: 10769: 10738: 10707: 10676: 10645: 10572: 10541: 10233: 10133: 10106: 10057: 10029:"Opinion | and the Trade War Came" 10026: 9995: 9967:"Opinion | when Fallacies Collide" 9964: 9902: 9884: 9843: 9702:from the original on September 24, 2013 9632: 9551: 9502: 9468: 9406: 9348: 9317: 9291: 9260: 9199: 8974:"McCain guru linked to subprime crisis" 8940: 8909: 8878: 8847: 8820: 8789: 8758: 8662: 8599: 8568: 8472: 8441: 8419:International Trade and Economic Growth 8365: 8063:from the original on September 25, 2011 8048: 7729:""China the financial nexus" – Krugman" 7680: 7668:from the original on September 23, 2016 6606:"How Did Paul Krugman Get It So Wrong?" 6445: 6303: 5602: 5552: 5406: 5350: 5100: 5069: 5050: 5031: 4982: 4944: 4514: 4483: 4468: 4208: 3397:Academic books (authored or coauthored) 3250:column, Krugman described Russia as a " 3156:On working in the Reagan administration 15585: 11294:from the original on February 26, 2010 11280:MacFarquhar, Larissa (March 1, 2010). 11132:Ciolli, Jacqui Frank, Kara Chin, Joe. 11068: 11066: 11028: 11026: 10772:"Opinion | Here Comes the Trump Slump" 10751:from the original on December 14, 2017 10606: 10554:from the original on February 25, 2017 9821:The political economy of globalization 9763:from the original on December 19, 2008 9552:Rezende, Felipe C. (August 18, 2009). 9373: 9263:"Samuel Brittan's recipe for recovery" 9034:from the original on December 20, 2009 8984:from the original on February 21, 2009 8724: 8347:from the original on February 13, 2017 8189:from the original on February 13, 2018 7889: 7856:from the original on December 14, 2009 7827:from the original on December 14, 2009 7763:Confessore, Nicholas (December 2002). 7709:from the original on December 19, 2009 7617: 7187:from the original on February 18, 2014 6912: 6177: 6010:"The International Finance Multiplier" 5852:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5811:, December 6, 2008. Stockholm, Sweden. 5710:by Paul Krugman, Slate, March 21, 1997 5583: 5493:Arvind Panagariya (October 13, 2008). 5323: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5101:Kitchen, Patricia (October 13, 2008). 5004: 4842:from the original on December 30, 2016 4590:from the original on February 20, 2009 4527:from the original on February 25, 2016 4464: 4462: 3698: 3307: 3133: 3126:Krugman endorsed Democratic candidate 2858: 2612:introducing a new economic statistic, 2596:On the 12 July 2016, Krugman tweeted " 1228:Measures of national income and output 667:, before growing up from age eight in 593:, referring to his books, his blog on 15501: 15455:2010: The archaeological team of the 15211: 15171: 14490: 14223: 13892: 13539: 13508: 13477: 13343: 13299: 13261: 12151: 11640: 11520:columns plus other writings 1996–2000 11438: 11325:from the original on February 6, 2017 11185: 10973:from the original on January 19, 2019 10677:Sparrow, Andrew (December 24, 2010). 10612:"Review: The Conscience of a Liberal" 10287:"Getting real about coal and climate" 9450:from the original on November 7, 2011 9419:from the original on November 7, 2017 9384:"How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?" 9330:from the original on December 6, 2016 9273:from the original on February 7, 2018 8971: 8891:from the original on October 18, 2008 8725:Lehrke, Dylan Lee (October 9, 2003). 8644:from the original on January 14, 2013 8612:from the original on December 6, 2012 7999:from the original on January 14, 2011 7968:from the original on October 10, 2011 7954:Larissa MacFarquhar (March 1, 2010). 7691: 7626: 7342:from the original on January 10, 2008 7161:from the original on January 16, 2014 7029:from the original on December 6, 2017 6973:from the original on October 14, 2008 6806: 6775:from the original on October 14, 2008 6344: 6244:Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 6216:from the original on October 20, 2008 6149:Institute for International Economics 5972:. Retrieved 08-20-2009, June 26, 2008 5893:Sarno, Lucio; Mark P. Taylor (2002). 5886: 5834:from the original on December 1, 2017 5505:from the original on November 7, 2017 5181:from the original on December 1, 2017 4927:from the original on October 17, 2011 4810:from the original on January 30, 2017 4717: 4695:"Home – Eastern Economic Association" 4647:"The Prize in Economic Sciences 2008" 4496:from the original on October 20, 2017 4292:Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 4287:A model of balance-of-payments crises 4130:Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2341:In his book, Krugman proposed a "new 2074:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1057:Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 727:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 211:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 96:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 15778:National Bureau of Economic Research 15200:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award 13479:Gerald Loeb Award for Columns (1977) 11528:National Bureau of Economic Research 11420:from the original on January 5, 2016 11226:. Macmillan Learning. Archived from 11033:McArdle, Megan (December 23, 2010). 10805:"Paul Krugman: The Economic Fallout" 10739:Krugman, Paul (September 29, 2017). 9850:The Journal of Economic Perspectives 9721:Dale, Leigh; Gilbert, Helen (2007). 9513:from the original on August 25, 2017 9349:Krugman, Paul (September 23, 2009). 8771:from the original on August 29, 2009 8693: 8485:from the original on August 25, 2013 8125:from the original on August 22, 2017 8030:from the original on October 8, 2011 7264:"Are Talking Heads Blowing Hot Air?" 7218:from the original on January 9, 2019 6849:"Paul Krugman, one-handed economist" 6546:from the original on August 25, 2013 5930:New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 5723:that "I still have the angry letter 4738:from the original on August 12, 2016 4705:from the original on August 29, 2012 4586:. W. W. Norton & Company. 2012. 4515:Blodget, Henry (November 22, 2014). 4437:Barry Ritholtz (February 14, 2020). 4408:Barry Ritholtz (February 14, 2020). 4137:Are currency crises self-fulfilling? 3572:(March 1989), with Elhanan Helpman. 2634: 2349:, the liberal journalist and author 2008:, Chemistry Prize Laureate; and Dr. 1085:"decoupling" in a globalized economy 1017:Agglomeration and economies of scale 804:National Bureau of Economic Research 12247:Agent-based computational economics 11547:"Paul Krugman: Commencement Speaker 11347:Krugman, Paul (February 28, 2014). 11313:Krugman, Paul (November 30, 2015). 11249:Krugman, Paul (December 19, 2007). 11106:Krugman, Paul (September 7, 2011). 11063: 11023: 10889:. The Independent. January 18, 2018 10856:Krugman, Paul (November 11, 2016). 10720:from the original on April 29, 2011 10542:Krugman, Paul (November 19, 2007). 10146:from the original on April 22, 2019 10070:from the original on April 22, 2019 10039:from the original on April 22, 2019 10027:Krugman, Paul (December 26, 2016). 10008:from the original on April 22, 2019 9977:from the original on April 22, 2019 9915:from the original on April 22, 2019 9437: 9242:from the original on April 19, 2014 9212:from the original on April 11, 2012 9127:from the original on April 26, 2010 9096:from the original on March 22, 2010 9065:from the original on March 22, 2010 8953:from the original on April 22, 2009 8823:"Paul Krugman Commencement Speech?" 8475:"Malaysia Wins Its Economic Gamble" 8473:Landler, Mark (September 4, 1999). 8442:Krugman, Paul (September 7, 1998). 8249:from the original on March 20, 2018 8219:from the original on April 21, 2018 8157:from the original on April 30, 2018 8018:Paul Krugman (September 11, 2011). 7987:Paul Krugman (September 16, 2001). 7312:. November 26, 2012. Archived from 7205: 6769:"Paul Krugman Wins Economics Nobel" 6662:David Blanchflower (July 2, 2012). 6294:, v.14, no.4, Dec 2000, pp. 221–37. 6281:"Thinking About the Liquidity Trap" 5874:from the original on March 28, 2010 5772:, Edward Glaeser, October 13, 2008. 5565:from the original on April 25, 2013 5351:Krugman, Paul (February 28, 2014), 5314: 5201:"Essays on flexible exchange rates" 4800:"Columnist Biography: Paul Krugman" 4557:from the original on April 25, 2013 4459: 4447:(Podcast). Event occurs at 1:13:00 4418:(Podcast). Event occurs at 1:08:47 4073:Revised and Updated, January 1994, 3720:(February 2006), with Robin Wells. 3627:Academic books (edited or coedited) 3296:’s government. In 2024, amidst the 3216:Krugman has been a vocal critic of 2843:Capital in the Twenty-First Century 2649:that the economic successes of the 2602:Central Statistics Office (Ireland) 2098:H.C. Recktenwald Prize in Economics 2093:Freie Universität Berlin in Germany 876: 13: 15688:Fellows of the Econometric Society 15593:20th-century American male writers 11389:from the original on March 1, 2014 11186:Nasar, Sylvia (October 27, 1991). 11165:Krugman, Paul (December 6, 2022). 11131: 10922:from the original on March 1, 2022 10908:Paul Krugman (February 28, 2022). 10708:Krugman, Paul (October 12, 2008). 10658:from the original on July 17, 2016 10107:Krugman, Paul (October 10, 2019). 10058:Krugman, Paul (October 19, 2017). 9996:Krugman, Paul (January 27, 2017). 9361:from the original on June 14, 2018 9351:"The freshwater backlash (boring)" 9261:Krugman, Paul (October 16, 2009). 8600:Krugman, Paul (December 4, 2012). 8581:from the original on March 9, 2010 8454:from the original on April 2, 2010 8335:Paul Krugman (February 10, 2017). 7244:from the original on July 13, 2016 7135:from the original on June 14, 2013 7054:UCLA Anderson School of Management 7019:"EPI at 25: Honoring Paul Krugman" 6745:from the original on July 11, 2012 6712:from the original on July 11, 2012 6676:from the original on June 14, 2015 6643:from the original on July 12, 2012 6536:"Die the Krugman insurgency fail?" 5719:(He writes on p. xxvi of his book 5363:from the original on July 26, 2014 5302:from the original on March 4, 2016 5082:from the original on June 27, 2015 5013:from the original on July 22, 2009 4620:from the original on June 29, 2017 4469:Krugman, Paul (January 10, 2003). 4304:Journal of International Economics 4108:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 3955:The Return of Depression Economics 3531:The Risks Facing the World Economy 3391: 3363:University of California, Berkeley 3211: 3051: 2964:, reducing demand and employment. 2265:The Age of Diminished Expectations 1948:The Return of Depression Economics 907:Journal of International Economics 755: 731:Essays on flexible exchange rates. 14: 15814: 15663:American male non-fiction writers 11467: 11451:from the original on July 9, 2020 11359:from the original on May 17, 2017 11072: 10910:"Russia Is a Potemkin Superpower" 10770:Krugman, Paul (October 3, 2019). 10689:from the original on May 10, 2017 10624:from the original on May 10, 2017 9946:from the original on May 27, 2015 9614:from the original on May 16, 2011 9484:from the original on May 29, 2012 9407:Krugman, Paul (August 30, 2011). 8922:from the original on June 2, 2008 8860:from the original on May 12, 2011 8848:Krugman, Paul (August 29, 2005). 8802:from the original on June 1, 2012 8759:Krugman, Paul (October 7, 2001). 8094:from the original on May 29, 2017 8082:Paul Krugman (January 19, 2016). 7902:from the original on May 12, 2011 7639:Scandinavian Journal of Economics 7605:from the original on May 28, 2012 7595:"Lunch with the FT: Paul Krugman" 7269:. Hamilton College. May 12, 2011. 6930:, 2004. Retrieved March 28, 2007. 6458:from the original on May 11, 2011 6389:Restoring Japan's economic growth 6306:"Response to Nelson and Schwartz" 5353:"Changes (Personal/Professional)" 5007:"In Search of a Man Selling Krug" 4672:from the original on July 8, 2012 4539: 4335:, popularized in Krugman's book, 3570:Trade Policy and Market Structure 3316:, Krugman wrote a commentary for 3239: 3192:. He has also praised the former 3180:On Gordon Brown vs. David Cameron 2853: 2135:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics 408:Essays on flexible exchange rates 15653:Economists from New York (state) 15623:21st-century American economists 15618:20th-century American economists 12705:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis 11439:Clark, Andrew (April 22, 2011). 11432: 11408:Krugman, Paul (March 25, 2010). 11401: 11371: 11306: 11273: 11242: 11216: 11202: 11179: 11158: 11125: 11099: 11085: 11045: 11004: 10985: 10961:"Why Was Paul Krugman So Wrong?" 10953: 10941:Krugman, Paul (March 18, 2003). 10934: 10901: 10875: 10849: 10823: 10797: 10763: 10732: 10701: 10670: 10600: 10585: 10573:Krugman, Paul (August 7, 2009). 10566: 10535: 10515: 10499:Reckonings; Blessed Are the Weak 10492: 10469: 10454: 10431: 10408: 10363: 10340: 10317: 10299: 10279: 10261: 10234:Krugman, Paul (April 11, 2019). 10227: 10215:Paul Krugman (January 1, 2019). 10208: 10190: 10172: 10158: 10127: 10100: 10082: 10051: 10020: 9989: 9958: 9903:Krugman, Paul (March 14, 2010). 9878: 9812: 9775: 9626: 9606:Mitchell, Bill (July 18, 2009). 9599: 9572: 9545: 9285: 9224: 9139: 9115:Krugman, Paul (April 23, 2010). 9108: 9084:Jeremy Warner (March 19, 2010). 9077: 9046: 9020: 8996: 8965: 8941:Krugman, Paul (March 29, 2008). 8934: 8910:Krugman, Paul (March 24, 2008). 8903: 8879:Krugman, Paul (March 24, 2008). 8872: 8841: 8790:Krugman, Paul (August 2, 2002). 8718: 8687: 8663:Krugman, Paul (March 21, 2003). 8656: 8624: 8593: 8562: 8543: 8497: 8421:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 98–105. 8328: 8296: 8261: 8231: 8215:. Bloomberg L.P. July 19, 2017. 8201: 8169: 8137: 8106: 8075: 8042: 8011: 7980: 7947: 7883: 7868: 7813: 7721: 7651:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2009.01562.x 7583: 7571:from the original on May 9, 2012 7553: 7534: 7490: 7478: 7466: 7445: 7328: 7306:"The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers" 7298: 7273: 7256: 7230: 7199: 7173: 7147: 7129:"Honorary graduate Paul Krugman" 7121: 7099: 7073: 7041: 6637:"A Manifesto for Economic Sense" 6502:Keynes: The Return of the Master 6052:, Economist's View, 10-06-2008, 5605:Journal of Development Economics 5479:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2009.00241.x 5032:Krugman, Paul (April 19, 2022). 4983:Axelrod, David (March 2, 2020). 4945:Krugman, Paul (March 27, 2006). 4368: 4317: 3971:, and problems in Latin America. 3811:(March 2004), with Robin Wells. 3348: 3256:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 3031: 2825:In his June 28, 2010, column in 2481:In 1999, near the height of the 2102:University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 1885: 1873: 1114: 1091:Macroeconomics and fiscal policy 895:) emphasized trade based on the 750:The Theory of Interstellar Trade 643:Krugman was born to a Ukrainian 430: 15658:American foreign policy writers 15603:21st-century American essayists 15598:20th-century American essayists 15457:Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses 14598:Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich 10992:Paul Krugman (April 20, 2012). 9965:Krugman, Paul (March 7, 2016). 9469:Krugman, Paul (June 21, 2011). 9440:"There's something about macro" 9318:Krugman, Paul (July 29, 2009). 9200:Krugman, Paul (June 28, 2010). 9053:Paul Krugman (March 15, 2010). 8569:Krugman, Paul (March 4, 2010). 8366:Krugman, Paul (December 1994). 8177:"Leprechauns of Eastern Europe" 7890:Okrent, Daniel (May 22, 2005). 7057:. June 28, 2011. Archived from 6985: 6959: 6933: 6860: 6787: 6757: 6724: 6688: 6655: 6624: 6598: 6527: 6489: 6470: 6446:Krugman, Paul (June 15, 2009). 6439: 6417: 6382: 6363: 6328: 6297: 6228: 6201: 6189: 6171: 6130: 6097: 6064: 6042: 6022: 6003: 5994: 5975: 5944: 5935: 5911: 5895:The Economics of Exchange Rates 5860: 5814: 5749: 5730: 5713: 5666: 5641: 5596: 5577: 5546: 5517: 5486: 5379: 5344: 5271:"Economics: the final frontier" 5259: 5240: 5193: 5175:"Paul Krugman Biography |" 5167: 5145: 5125: 5094: 5070:Krugman, Paul (June 26, 2015). 5063: 5044: 5025: 5005:Dunham, Chris (July 14, 2009). 4998: 4976: 4957: 4938: 4884: 4854: 4822: 4792: 4750: 4658: 4333:Capitol Hill Baby-Sitting Co-op 4052:to the present, for the layman. 3596:Adjustment in the World Economy 3254:superpower" in reaction to the 2791:Krugman has criticized China's 2627:Krugman harshly criticized the 2207:Green Templeton College, Oxford 2137:for Krugman's contributions to 2123:2004, Doctor of Humane Letters 1060:, which showed that misaligned 1050:, resulting in a 1979 paper on 972:. He has also been critical of 537:. Krugman was President of the 145: 15733:People from Bellmore, New York 11666: 11500:The Unofficial Krugman Archive 10646:Krugman, Paul (June 7, 2009). 10476:Reckonings; Pursuing Happiness 10134:Krugman, Paul (July 3, 2017). 9681:Quarterly Journal of Economics 9503:Krugman, Paul (May 19, 2009). 9413:Conscience of a Liberal (blog) 9292:Krugman, Paul (June 6, 2015). 8972:Lerer, Lisa (March 28, 2008). 8821:Krugman, Paul (May 21, 2016). 8602:"The IMF and Capital Controls" 8113:Paul Krugman (April 8, 2016). 8049:Tim Mak (September 13, 2011). 7989:"Reckonings; Paying the Price" 7455:, 2007, W.W. Norton & Co. 7081:"Honoris Causa a Paul Krugman" 6771:. Economix.blogs.nytimes.com. 5265:Paul Krugman, March 11, 2008, 5051:Krugman, Paul (May 16, 2015). 4895:"The Conscience of a Liberal." 4602: 4508: 4484:Krugman, Paul (May 18, 2012). 4477: 4347:List of Jewish Nobel laureates 4258:Quarterly Journal of Economics 4218:Quarterly Journal of Economics 4160:Quarterly Journal of Economics 3557:Rethinking International Trade 3022: 2765:era safeguards that prevented 2614:Modified gross national income 2381: 2234:American Philosophical Society 2179:Universidade Técnica de Lisboa 2159:Distinguished Economist Award. 2079:1995, Adam Smith Award of the 1991:A manifesto for economic sense 1979:2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence 1936:unconventional monetary policy 1833:Publications in macroeconomics 838:, is a standard undergraduate 721:. He then went on to pursue a 16:American economist (born 1953) 1: 15753:The New York Times columnists 15728:Writers from Albany, New York 12641:Critique of political economy 12177: 11011:Paul Krugman (May 30, 2024). 9934:Paul Krugman (May 22, 2015). 9790:. Between The Lines. p. 8694:Dana, Will (March 23, 2003). 8508:. NBER Working Paper (8142). 8268:Paul Krugman (June 7, 2021). 6618:Institute of Economic Affairs 6534:Noah Smith (March 21, 2012). 6423:"What is wrong with Japan?", 6322:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2008.05.011 6310:Journal of Monetary Economics 6071:O'Brien, R; Keith, A (2009). 4387: 3330:Krugman is a vocal critic of 3204:, arguing their Party Leader 3056:Krugman describes himself as 2967: 2846:he stated we are in a Second 2491:2000 US presidential campaign 2059:American Economic Association 934:like that in a 1977 paper by 15743:CUNY Graduate Center faculty 15738:Princeton University faculty 15608:Nobel laureates in Economics 11551:Bard College at Simon's Rock 11502:contains nearly all his pre- 9885:Krugman, Paul (March 1994). 9471:"Mr. Keynes and the Moderns" 9397:. Retrieved October 9, 2009. 8368:"The Myth of Asia's Miracle" 7429:The New York Review of Books 7403:Conscience of a Conservative 5617:10.1016/0304-3878(81)90026-2 4732:Research Papers in Economics 4699:Eastern Economic Association 4352:List of newspaper columnists 4269:Journal of Political Economy 4202:Journal of Political Economy 4119:The American Economic Review 4083:Third Edition, August 1997, 3844:Books for a general audience 3166:Council of Economic Advisers 3064:means in Europe". In a 2009 2871:, and he has criticized the 2312:Conscience of a Conservative 2152:, awarded by Yale University 1985:. In June 2012, Krugman and 995:Journal of Political Economy 828:Research Papers in Economics 781:Council of Economic Advisers 704:In 1974, Krugman earned his 539:Eastern Economic Association 7: 15768:Writers about globalization 15668:Jewish American journalists 10837:. Forbes. November 10, 2016 10741:"Trump's Deadly Narcissism" 10415:Driving Under the Influence 10217:"Hope for a Green New Year" 9806:krugman anti-globalization. 9382:Krugman, Paul. (2009-9-2). 9117:"Don't cry for Wall Street" 8665:"Who Lost the U.S. Budget?" 8088:The Conscience of a Liberal 8024:The Conscience of a Liberal 7993:The Conscience of a Liberal 7802:"NS Profile – Paul Krugman" 7541:"Malefactors of Megawealth" 7496:October 17, 2007 – Krugman 7453:The Conscience of a Liberal 7397:September 10, 2013, at the 7371:"The Great Wealth Transfer" 6926:September 29, 2007, at the 6828:, Retrieved March 28, 2007. 6433:September 11, 2009, at the 6410:September 15, 2015, at the 6210:"Paul Krugman's Japan page" 6124:September 15, 2015, at the 5332:"Biography of Paul Krugman" 5133:"PBS, Jim Lehrer News Hour" 4969:September 15, 2015, at the 4490:The Conscience of a Liberal 4310: 4254:History versus expectations 4110:127 (3), pp. 1469–513. 3884:The Conscience of a Liberal 3705:Economics: European Edition 3424:The Self Organizing Economy 3138:Krugman has criticized the 2978:anti-globalization movement 2885:efficient-market hypothesis 2690:1997 Asian financial crisis 2509:has made him, according to 2420:The Harvard Business Review 2302:The Conscience of a Liberal 2299:In 2007, Krugman published 2232:Krugman was elected to the 2183:Universidade Nova de Lisboa 2012:, Chemistry Prize Laureate. 681:John F. Kennedy High School 600:The Conscience of a Liberal 357:Princess of Asturias Awards 196:City University of New York 10: 15819: 15698:Jewish American economists 15249:Eduardo García de Enterría 14590:Friedrich August von Hayek 12779:Real business-cycle theory 11483:Profile and column archive 11251:"About my son (blog post)" 11093:"Adam Smith Hates Bitcoin" 10180:"Building a Green Economy" 9645:W. W. Norton & Company 9059:The New York Times Company 8850:"Greenspan and the Bubble" 7503:November 13, 2007, at the 7206:College, Green Templeton. 6967:"Nobel Prize in Economics" 6870:. Nabe.com. Archived from 6350:"Japan's Trap", May 2008. 6015:December 22, 2018, at the 5761:December 26, 2017, at the 5458:Papers in Regional Science 5290:"Krugman Curriculum Vitae" 4915:"The one-handed economist" 4141:NBER Macroeconomics Annual 4097:Selected academic articles 3190:2007–2008 financial crisis 2608:subsidiaries), led to the 2464:1992 presidential campaign 1962:, John Makin, and others. 1584:New neoclassical synthesis 1567:Real business-cycle theory 1081:2007–2008 financial crisis 880: 789:London School of Economics 637:Swedish Academy of Science 535:London School of Economics 325:International trade theory 206:London School of Economics 18: 15562:Hélène Carrère d'Encausse 15508: 15497: 15327:Aurelio Menéndez Menéndez 15218: 15207: 14988:Christopher A. Pissarides 14862: 14611: 14528: 14414: 14395: 14364: 14333: 14314: 14290: 14259: 13927: 13841: 13754: 13671: 13599: 13546: 13535: 13515: 13504: 13484: 13473: 13408: 13385: 13350: 13339: 13306: 13295: 13219: 13177: 12819: 12553: 12302: 12267: 12185: 12121: 11958: 11810: 11692: 11676: 11621: 11612: 11596: 11591: 11543:seeking to refute Krugman 11441:"What's Left of the Left" 11383:The Graduate Center, CUNY 11315:"Inequality and the City" 10528:January 20, 2019, at the 10504:December 6, 2008, at the 10481:December 6, 2008, at the 10443:December 6, 2008, at the 10420:December 6, 2008, at the 10375:December 6, 2008, at the 10352:February 6, 2017, at the 10324:Reckonings; A Rent Affair 10292:Arkansas Democrat-Gazette 9844:Krugman, Paul R. (1987). 9819:Dev Gupta, Satya (1997). 8316:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann 7807:December 3, 2008, at the 7567:. National Public Radio. 7023:Economic Policy Institute 6903:December 6, 2008, at the 5924:October 28, 2008, at the 5678:October 21, 2008, at the 5328:Princeton Weekly Bulletin 5161:January 27, 2017, at the 5138:January 22, 2014, at the 4900:February 7, 2017, at the 4786:November 7, 2017, at the 4471:"Your questions answered" 4357:New Yorkers in journalism 4260:106 (2), pp. 651–67. 3282:In 2012, Krugman praised 3005:Trans-Pacific Partnership 2992:In the midst of the 2009 2918:view of macroeconomics". 2829:, in light of the recent 2753:, financial markets, and 2731:privatize social security 2675:total factor productivity 2671:labor force participation 2322:Krugman also argued that 2247: 2118:Prince of Asturias Awards 2091:Free University of Berlin 2036: 779:as a staff member of the 502:for his contributions to 419: 415: 400: 395: 391: 387: 383: 372: 343: 317: 281: 248: 236: 224: 188: 167: 162: 158: 113: 78: 49: 37: 30: 15723:New Keynesian economists 15613:American Nobel laureates 15360:Martí de Riquer i Morera 15333:Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão 15290:Enrique Fuentes Quintana 14380:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi 11535:– articles by economist 9823:. Springer. p. 61. 9782:Glasbeek, H. J. (2002). 9755:Ricardo's difficult idea 9506:Actually existing Minsky 9320:"The lessons of 1979–82" 8555:August 27, 2009, at the 7936:"Obama's Nobel Headache" 7518:October 9, 2007, at the 6800:August 30, 2017, at the 6375:October 1, 2009, at the 6356:August 19, 2009, at the 6286:August 25, 2009, at the 6058:January 2, 2010, at the 5983:"Decoupling Demystified" 5919:"Currency crisis models" 5706:October 3, 2008, at the 5701:In Praise of Cheap Labor 5588:. Springer. p. 24. 5527:American Economic Review 5276:August 21, 2017, at the 5228:Incidents From My Career 5156:"Up Front: Paul Krugman" 4985:"Ep. 372 — Paul Krugman" 4904:Retrieved August 6, 2009 4762:American Economic Review 4652:August 30, 2017, at the 4362: 4280:American Economic Review 3864:End This Depression Now! 3046:greenhouse gas emissions 2938:Economics in Perspective 2933:The New Industrial State 2863:Krugman identifies as a 2773:companies from merging. 2757:unregulated, and to the 2453:World Trade Organization 2417:(1996–99), and then for 2375:End This Depression Now! 2305:, whose title refers to 2141:. He became the twelfth 2113:, Columnist of the Year. 2089:in Economics awarded by 2021:Krugman was awarded the 1589:Saltwater and freshwater 794:In 2000, Krugman joined 735:Central Bank of Portugal 607:Early life and education 15713:American male essayists 15556:Eduardo Matos Moctezuma 15337:Miquel Batllori i Munné 15237:Antonio Domínguez Ortiz 12419:Industrial organization 12242:Computational economics 12028:Stephany Griffith-Jones 11585:journalist listing site 10994:"The Crisis of Zionism" 10347:Inequality and the City 10329:March 24, 2017, at the 10090:"Economists on the Run" 9294:"Why am I a Keynesian?" 8115:"Sanders Over the Edge" 7941:March 30, 2009, at the 7765:"Comparative Advantage" 7546:August 6, 2016, at the 7513:September 24 appearance 7485:Conscience of a Liberal 7473:Conscience of a Liberal 7212:Green Templeton College 6482:August 6, 2009, at the 5756:"Honoring Paul Krugman" 5253:April 14, 2012, at the 4862:"Open Syllabus Project" 4645:Nobel Prize Committee, 4551:Encyclopædia Britannica 4209:Krugman, P. R. (1991). 4132:1998, pp. 137–205. 4121:99(3), pp. 561–71. 3379:Luxembourg Income Study 3144:Conscience of a Liberal 2879:. Although he has used 2769:, investment banks and 2610:Central Bank of Ireland 2347:Conscience of a Liberal 2205:2014, recipient of the 2194:2014, recipient of the 1517:International economics 1442:Overlapping generations 1048:foreign exchange market 543:international economics 378:IDEAS / RePEc 231:New Keynesian economics 175:International economics 15773:Yale University alumni 15638:American male bloggers 14420:Nobel Prize recipients 14366:Physiology or Medicine 13920:John Bates Clark Medal 12624:Modern monetary theory 12289:Experimental economics 12259:Pluralism in economics 12232:Mathematical economics 11840:John Kenneth Galbraith 10544:"Republicans and Race" 10166:"Notes on Immigration" 9846:"Is Free Trade Passe?" 9633:Krugman, Paul (1994). 9415:. The New York Times. 9389:July 17, 2016, at the 9202:"The Third Depression" 9181:Cite journal requires 8943:"The Gramm connection" 8531:Cite journal requires 8084:"Weakened at Bernie's" 7770:The Washington Monthly 7439:March 7, 2008, at the 7376:April 6, 2010, at the 6611:March 4, 2016, at the 6304:Krugman, Paul (2008). 6279:Krugman, Paul (2000), 6178:Sumner, Scott (2002). 5970:Federal Reserve System 5956:June 22, 2009, at the 5807:July 26, 2010, at the 5783:"Was it all in Ohlin?" 5553:Kikuchi, Toru (2010). 5337:March 3, 2016, at the 5233:March 4, 2016, at the 4492:. The New York Times. 3969:Asian financial crisis 3832:; 1st Edition (1998), 3480:World Savings Shortage 3441:Guillermo de la Dehesa 3439:(December 1995), with 3260:gross domestic product 3194:British prime minister 3184:According to Krugman, 3153: 2982:strategic trade policy 2972:Krugman's support for 2958:paradox of flexibility 2928:John Kenneth Galbraith 2897:neoclassical synthesis 2759:Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act 2736:In August 2005, after 2716:U.S. economic policies 2677:can lead to sustained 2451:and opposition to the 2277:Movement Conservatives 2260: 2258:Brooklyn Book Festival 2175:Universidade de Lisboa 2150:Howland Memorial Prize 2143:John Bates Clark Medal 2063:John Bates Clark Medal 2053: 2013: 1946:Krugman had argued in 1860:Mathematical economics 1611:Modern monetary theory 1374:Universal basic income 990:new economic geography 984:New economic geography 927: 765: 719:National Merit Scholar 640: 508:new economic geography 351:John Bates Clark Medal 335:New economic geography 15309:Miguel Artola Gallego 15296:Rodrigo Uría González 14709:James M. Buchanan Jr. 14357:(United States/Japan) 14271:(Japan/United States) 13980:Hendrik S. Houthakker 13651:Holman W. Jenkins Jr. 11385:. February 28, 2014. 11108:"Golden Cyberfetters" 10401:May 11, 2011, at the 10313:. September 15, 2021. 9759:. Web.mit.edu. 1996. 9009:May 29, 2017, at the 8792:"Dubya's Double Dip?" 8727:"Krugman blasts Bush" 8337:"When the Fire Comes" 7800:, February 16, 2004, 7432:, November 22, 2007, 7369:. December 14, 2006, 7240:. February 25, 2016. 6874:on September 27, 2011 6854:May 17, 2006, at the 6847:, November 13, 2003, 6824:June 4, 2016, at the 6696:Katrina vanden Heuvel 6165:May 30, 2015, at the 6110:, November 30, 2006, 6030:"How the World Works" 5988:May 15, 2011, at the 5788:May 23, 2009, at the 5495:"Paul Krugman, Nobel" 5009:. Genealogywise.com. 4947:"North of the Border" 4923:, November 13, 2003, 4872:on September 21, 2022 4781:"Paul Krugman, Nobel" 3505:Currencies and Crises 3361:and her PhD from the 3359:University of Chicago 3289:The Crisis of Zionism 3272:2003 invasion of Iraq 3202:2010 general election 3148: 3097:land-use restrictions 2987:comparative advantage 2956:", together with the 2889:rational expectations 2457:supply-side economics 2255: 2189:University of Toronto 2051: 1999: 1700:Wesley Clair Mitchell 1675:Thomas Robert Malthus 1512:Development economics 1036:Federal Reserve Board 1032:international finance 1026:International finance 924: 897:comparative advantage 893:Heckscher–Ohlin model 867:Nobel Prize Committee 824:international finance 763: 614: 575:Open Syllabus Project 15392:Juan Iglesias Santos 15388:El Colegio de México 15315:Juan Velarde Fuertes 15273:Luis Díez del Corral 15255:Ramón Carande Thovar 14972:Oliver E. Williamson 14602:Tjalling C. Koopmans 13775:Zanny Minton Beddoes 13523:Robert L. Heilbroner 13377:Joseph A. Livingston 12498:Social choice theory 12254:Behavioral economics 12237:Complexity economics 11930:Pavlina R. Tcherneva 11629:Oliver E. Williamson 11524:Krugman Publications 11198:on October 24, 2020. 10648:"Gordon the Unlucky" 10275:. December 13, 2019. 8761:"Fuzzy Math Returns" 8571:"Malaysian Memories" 8284:on December 28, 2021 8185:. December 4, 2017. 8153:. November 8, 2017. 8020:"The Years of Shame" 7316:on November 30, 2012 7285:search.amphilsoc.org 7281:"APS Member History" 7049:"Loeb Award Winners" 7025:. November 1, 2011. 6767:(October 13, 2008). 6425:Nihon Keizai Shinbun 6360:Retrieved 08-22-2009 6143:, Ryōichi Mikitani, 6090:10.1093/cjres/rsp015 6035:May 3, 2009, at the 5721:The Great Unraveling 5330:, October 20, 2008, 5246:Paul Krugman, 2002, 4779:, October 13, 2008, 4758:CES utility function 4580:"About Paul Krugman" 4486:"Head Still Talking" 4295:11, pp. 311–25. 4282:70, pp. 950–59. 4271:89, pp. 959–73. 4204:99, pp. 483–99. 4143:11, pp. 345–78. 4012:Pop Internationalism 3270:Krugman opposed the 2836:In a 2014 review of 2797:Late-2000s recession 2778:Obama administration 2709:Malaysian government 2692:, Krugman advocated 2629:Trump administration 2598:leprechaun economics 2470:'s economic plan in 2285:The Great Unraveling 2269:US income inequality 2256:Krugman at the 2010 2214:University of Oxford 2171:Doctor honoris causa 2110:Editor and Publisher 2072:1992, Fellow of the 1967:late 2000s recession 1437:Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans 1277:Liquidity preference 932:CES utility function 796:Princeton University 739:Carnation Revolution 679:. He graduated from 597:, and his 2007 book 527:Princeton University 273:Matthew J. Slaughter 201:Princeton University 15748:Regional economists 15648:American columnists 15382:Carlo Maria Martini 15277:Luis Sánchez Agesta 15202:for Social Sciences 15000:Christopher A. Sims 14928:Thomas C. Schelling 14900:Robert F. Engle III 14801:Robert E. Lucas Jr. 14649:Theodore W. Schultz 14070:Lawrence H. Summers 14052:Sanford J. Grossman 14022:Martin S. Feldstein 13938:Kenneth E. Boulding 13862:Michelle Singletary 13850:Elisabeth Rosenthal 13633:Robert J. Samuelson 12582:American (National) 12282:Economic statistics 12135:Keynesian economics 11684:John Maynard Keynes 11445:New York (magazine) 11230:on December 1, 2017 10594:Savannah Daily News 10575:"The Town Hall Mob" 10508:, by Paul Krugman, 10485:, by Paul Krugman, 10447:, by Paul Krugman, 10424:, by Paul Krugman, 10379:, by Paul Krugman, 10370:True Blue Americans 10360:, November 30, 2015 10356:, by Paul Krugman, 10333:, by Paul Krugman, 10096:. October 22, 2019. 9863:10.1257/jep.1.2.131 9560:on November 4, 2017 9090:The Daily Telegraph 8398:on October 16, 2008 7777:on February 6, 2007 6969:. Swedish Academy. 6947:on January 18, 2012 5800:Krugman PR (2008), 5688:, October 16, 2008. 5470:2009PRegS..88..467B 5113:on February 4, 2022 4337:Peddling Prosperity 4306:9, pp. 469–79. 4050:Keynesian economics 4026:Peddling Prosperity 3699:Economics textbooks 3437:EMU and the Regions 3312:In 1998 during the 3308:Views on technology 3160:Krugman worked for 3134:U.S. race relations 3040:. He supported the 2960:, can exacerbate a 2869:saltwater economist 2859:Keynesian economics 2831:G-20 Toronto Summit 2802:The Daily Telegraph 2782:Obama stimulus plan 2726:income distribution 2651:East Asian 'tigers' 2558:Larissa MacFarquhar 2511:Nicholas Confessore 2361:-winning historian 2290:Bush administration 2120:in Social Sciences. 2031:general equilibrium 1956:inflation targeting 1938:to counter Japan's 1892:Business portal 1828:Macroeconomic model 1705:John Maynard Keynes 1502:Economic statistics 1447:General equilibrium 1079:In response to the 1062:fixed exchange rate 1044:speculative attacks 856:income distribution 834:, co-authored with 816:international trade 579:income distribution 512:international trade 396:Academic background 304:John Maynard Keynes 15451:David Attenborough 15261:José Luis Pinillos 15224:Román Perpiñá Grau 14916:Edward C. Prescott 14904:Clive W.J. Granger 14880:Joseph E. Stiglitz 14853:Daniel L. McFadden 14741:Harry M. Markowitz 14305:J. M. G. Le Clézio 14028:Joseph E. Stiglitz 14010:Franklin M. Fisher 13856:Geoffrey A. Fowler 13763:Joseph E. Stiglitz 13692:Gretchen Morgenson 13663:Walter S. Mossberg 11835:James K. Galbraith 11772:Arthur Melvin Okun 11512:: archives of his 11510:Paul Krugman (MIT) 11488:The New York Times 11414:The New York Times 11353:The New York Times 11319:The New York Times 11255:The New York Times 11210:"Robin L. Bergman" 11192:The New York Times 11172:The New York Times 11112:The New York Times 10947:The New York Times 10915:The New York Times 10862:The New York Times 10811:. November 9, 2016 10809:The New York Times 10776:The New York Times 10745:The New York Times 10714:The New York Times 10710:"Gordon Does Good" 10652:The New York Times 10610:(March 22, 2008). 10579:The New York Times 10548:The New York Times 10510:The New York Times 10487:The New York Times 10463:The New York Times 10451:, February 4, 2003 10449:The New York Times 10426:The New York Times 10381:The New York Times 10358:The New York Times 10335:The New York Times 10240:The New York Times 10221:The New York Times 10204:. August 16, 2021. 10202:The New York Times 10184:The New York Times 10140:The New York Times 10064:The New York Times 10033:The New York Times 10002:The New York Times 9971:The New York Times 9940:The New York Times 9909:The New York Times 9693:10.1093/qje/qjs023 9587:on August 26, 2017 9395:The New York Times 9355:The New York Times 9324:The New York Times 9298:The New York Times 9267:The New York Times 9206:The New York Times 9121:The New York Times 9015:The New York Times 9004:"Behind the Curve" 8947:The New York Times 8916:The New York Times 8912:"Taming the Beast" 8854:The New York Times 8796:The New York Times 8765:The New York Times 8737:on October 9, 2009 8706:on August 29, 2009 8696:"Voodoo Economics" 8669:The New York Times 8606:The New York Times 8575:The New York Times 8479:The New York Times 8341:The New York Times 8275:The New York Times 8245:. April 21, 2017. 8182:The New York Times 8150:The New York Times 8119:The New York Times 7896:The New York Times 7338:. Powell's Books. 7087:on August 18, 2012 6999:. November 8, 2010 6868:"Adam Smith Award" 6586:on August 25, 2013 6452:The New York Times 5770:The New York Times 5653:Nobel Perspectives 5413:LSE Staff (2023). 5397:The New York Times 5357:The New York Times 5267:The New York Times 5154:, August 6, 2009, 5152:The New York Times 5076:The New York Times 5038:The New York Times 4951:The New York Times 4891:The New York Times 4804:The New York Times 4342:List of economists 4149:(with AJ Venables) 3914:The New York Times 3635:(September 2000), 3482:(September 1994), 3456:(September 1995), 3405:(July 1999), with 3294:Benjamin Netanyahu 3274:. He wrote in his 3223:The New York Times 3198:Conservative Party 2827:The New York Times 2786:The New York Times 2667:capital investment 2600:", in response to 2568:The New York Times 2554:The New York Times 2532:The New York Times 2507:The New York Times 2487:The New York Times 2472:The New York Times 2466:, Krugman praised 2444:Washington Monthly 2396:The New York Times 2355:The New York Times 2261: 2054: 2014: 1780:Edward C. Prescott 1507:Monetary economics 1070:'first generation' 1066:speculative attack 1011:economies of scale 951:home market effect 928: 912:economies of scale 871:economies of scale 820:economic geography 766: 725:in economics from 713:in economics from 641: 633:Toshihide Masukawa 595:The New York Times 559:The New York Times 531:professor emeritus 516:economies of scale 495:The New York Times 426:Paul Robin Krugman 128:(divorced) 54:Paul Robin Krugman 15643:American bloggers 15580: 15579: 15576: 15575: 15568:Michael Ignatieff 15493: 15492: 15243:Julio Caro Baroja 15198:Laureates of the 15165: 15164: 15064:Richard H. Thaler 15028:Robert J. Shiller 15024:Lars Peter Hansen 14996:Thomas J. Sargent 14984:Dale T. Mortensen 14876:A. Michael Spence 14872:George A. Akerlof 14841:Robert A. Mundell 14809:James A. Mirrlees 14777:Douglass C. North 14749:William F. Sharpe 14701:Franco Modigliani 14677:George J. Stigler 14661:Lawrence R. Klein 14550:Paul A. Samuelson 14484: 14483: 14397:Economic Sciences 14374:Harald zur Hausen 14349:Toshihide Maskawa 14217: 14216: 14034:A. Michael Spence 14004:Dale W. Jorgenson 13998:Marc Leon Nerlove 13968:Lawrence R. Klein 13932:Paul A. Samuelson 13886: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13821:Adrian Wooldridge 13722:Steven Pearlstein 13716:Robert L. Pollock 13639:Jane Bryant Quinn 13621:Warren T. Brookes 13608:L. Gordon Crovitz 13531: 13530: 13500: 13499: 13469: 13468: 13400:Robert L. Bartley 13335: 13334: 13255: 13254: 12786:New institutional 12145: 12144: 12033:Nobuhiro Kiyotaki 11978:Olivier Blanchard 11935:Anthony Thirlwall 11762:Franco Modigliani 11712:James Duesenberry 11635: 11634: 11622:Succeeded by 11494:KrugmanOnline.com 11381:(Press release). 11095:. April 12, 2013. 10969:. April 1, 2013. 10295:. April 24, 2021. 10168:. March 27, 2006. 10113:www.bloomberg.com 9936:"Trade and Trust" 9830:978-0-7923-9903-2 9801:978-1-896357-41-6 9734:978-0-7546-6257-0 9055:"Taking on China" 8428:978-0-7656-1803-0 8306:(June 12, 2021). 7934:, April 6, 2009, 7695:(March 4, 1996). 7507:, in response to 7061:on March 21, 2019 6765:Catherine Rampell 6635:(June 27, 2012). 6631:Paul Krugman and 6520:978-1-84614-258-1 6448:"Stay the Course" 6401:978-0-88132-262-0 6157:978-0-88132-289-7 6116:978-0-444-52020-3 5904:978-0-521-48584-5 5868:"Currency Crises" 5745:978-0-262-61045-2 3902:(September 2003) 3621:978-0-262-08150-4 3611:(May 1985), with 3585:(November 1988), 3426:(February 1996), 3101:natural selection 3062:social democratic 2873:freshwater school 2761:, which repealed 2694:currency controls 2635:East Asian growth 2476:income inequality 2332:Southern Strategy 2200:James Joyce Award 2191:, Toronto, Canada 2164:Gerald Loeb Award 2129:Haverford College 2049: 1928: 1927: 1855:Political economy 1810:N. Gregory Mankiw 1800:Thomas J. Sargent 1645:Market monetarism 1459:Endogenous growth 1289:National accounts 974:industrial policy 717:, where he was a 655:. He was born in 525:, and, later, at 423: 422: 64:February 28, 1953 21:Krugman (surname) 15810: 15758:Trade economists 15538:Alejandro Portes 15499: 15498: 15427:Giovanni Sartori 15404: 15349: 15304: 15285: 15232: 15209: 15208: 15192: 15185: 15178: 15169: 15168: 15158: 15150: 15148:Philip H. Dybvig 15131: 15112: 15110:Robert B. Wilson 15097: 15087:Abhijit Banerjee 15078: 15072:William Nordhaus 15066: 15058: 15046: 15038: 15030: 15014: 15012:Lloyd S. Shapley 15002: 14990: 14980:Peter A. Diamond 14974: 14962: 14954: 14952:Roger B. Myerson 14938: 14936:Edmund S. Phelps 14930: 14924:Robert J. Aumann 14918: 14906: 14894: 14882: 14855: 14849:James J. Heckman 14843: 14835: 14827: 14825:Myron S. Scholes 14821:Robert C. Merton 14815: 14803: 14795: 14789:John F. Nash Jr. 14785:John C. Harsanyi 14779: 14767: 14759: 14751: 14745:Merton H. Miller 14735: 14727: 14719: 14711: 14703: 14695: 14687: 14679: 14671: 14663: 14655: 14653:Sir Arthur Lewis 14643: 14641:Herbert A. Simon 14635: 14623: 14604: 14592: 14580: 14578:Wassily Leontief 14572: 14570:Kenneth J. Arrow 14560: 14552: 14544: 14511: 14504: 14497: 14488: 14487: 14422: 14343:Makoto Kobayashi 14324:Martti Ahtisaari 14244: 14237: 14230: 14221: 14220: 14148:Matthew Gentzkow 14046:Jerry A. Hausman 14040:James J. Heckman 13962:Kenneth J. Arrow 13913: 13906: 13899: 13890: 13889: 13874:Alyssa Rosenberg 13815:James B. Stewart 13567:Robert Samuelson 13555:Daniel Henninger 13537: 13536: 13506: 13505: 13475: 13474: 13461:Lester C. Thurow 13427:Chester Goolrick 13341: 13340: 13297: 13296: 13282: 13275: 13268: 13259: 13258: 12459:Natural resource 12294:Economic history 12220:Mechanism design 12172: 12165: 12158: 12149: 12148: 12133: 12108:Michael Woodford 12098:Lawrence Summers 12053:Maurice Obstfeld 12023:Robert J. Gordon 11945:Sidney Weintraub 11925:G. L. S. Shackle 11661: 11654: 11647: 11638: 11637: 11608:Roger B. Myerson 11597:Preceded by 11589: 11588: 11537:Robert P. Murphy 11461: 11460: 11458: 11456: 11436: 11430: 11429: 11427: 11425: 11405: 11399: 11398: 11396: 11394: 11375: 11369: 11368: 11366: 11364: 11344: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11330: 11310: 11304: 11303: 11301: 11299: 11277: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11246: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11235: 11220: 11214: 11213: 11206: 11200: 11199: 11194:. Archived from 11183: 11177: 11176: 11162: 11156: 11155: 11149: 11141: 11138:Business Insider 11129: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11103: 11097: 11096: 11089: 11083: 11082: 11079:Business Insider 11070: 11061: 11060: 11049: 11043: 11042: 11030: 11021: 11020: 11008: 11002: 11001: 10989: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10978: 10957: 10951: 10950: 10943:"Things to Come" 10938: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10927: 10905: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10894: 10879: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10868: 10853: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10842: 10827: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10801: 10795: 10794: 10792: 10790: 10767: 10761: 10760: 10758: 10756: 10736: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10705: 10699: 10698: 10696: 10694: 10674: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10663: 10643: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10604: 10598: 10597: 10589: 10583: 10582: 10570: 10564: 10563: 10561: 10559: 10539: 10533: 10519: 10513: 10496: 10490: 10489:, March 29, 2000 10473: 10467: 10466: 10458: 10452: 10438:A Failed Mission 10435: 10429: 10412: 10406: 10390: 10384: 10367: 10361: 10344: 10338: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10303: 10297: 10296: 10283: 10277: 10276: 10265: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10231: 10225: 10224: 10212: 10206: 10205: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10186:. April 7, 2010. 10176: 10170: 10169: 10162: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10151: 10131: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10120: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10086: 10080: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10055: 10049: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10024: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10013: 9993: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9931: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9900: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9865: 9841: 9835: 9834: 9816: 9810: 9808: 9789: 9779: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9749: 9740: 9738: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9701: 9678: 9669: 9663: 9662: 9630: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9603: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9583:. Archived from 9576: 9570: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9556:. Archived from 9549: 9543: 9542: 9536: 9532: 9530: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9500: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9489: 9475: 9466: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9455: 9435: 9429: 9428: 9426: 9424: 9404: 9398: 9380: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9346: 9340: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9315: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9289: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9197: 9191: 9190: 9184: 9179: 9177: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9159: 9153:. Archived from 9152: 9143: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9112: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9081: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9050: 9044: 9043: 9041: 9039: 9024: 9018: 9017:. March 9, 2009. 9000: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8969: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8958: 8938: 8932: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8876: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8865: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8829:on June 23, 2016 8825:. Archived from 8818: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8756: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8733:. Archived from 8722: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8711: 8702:. Archived from 8691: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8680: 8675:on July 25, 2009 8671:. Archived from 8660: 8654: 8653: 8651: 8649: 8643: 8636: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8566: 8560: 8547: 8541: 8540: 8534: 8529: 8527: 8519: 8517: 8501: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8414: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8394:. Archived from 8384:10.2307/20046929 8363: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8352: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8283: 8278:. Archived from 8265: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8235: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8205: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8141: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8046: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7951: 7945: 7923: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7872: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7846: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7817: 7811: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7773:. Archived from 7760: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7689: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7667: 7636: 7624: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7593:(May 24, 2012). 7587: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7557: 7551: 7550:David M. Kennedy 7538: 7532: 7494: 7488: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7449: 7443: 7421: 7410: 7389: 7380: 7361: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7347: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7103: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7077: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7015: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7004: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6937: 6931: 6916: 6910: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6864: 6858: 6840: 6829: 6810: 6804: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6761: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6698:(July 9, 2012). 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6628: 6622: 6604:Cochrane, John. 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6585: 6578: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6497:Robert Skidelsky 6493: 6487: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6443: 6437: 6421: 6415: 6386: 6380: 6367: 6361: 6348: 6342: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6301: 6295: 6277: 6268: 6267: 6241: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6175: 6169: 6134: 6128: 6108:Elsevier Science 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6068: 6062: 6046: 6040: 6026: 6020: 6007: 6001: 5998: 5992: 5979: 5973: 5948: 5942: 5939: 5933: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5851: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5812: 5798: 5792: 5779: 5773: 5753: 5747: 5734: 5728: 5717: 5711: 5698: 5689: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5645: 5639: 5638: 5628: 5600: 5594: 5593: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5449: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5370: 5368: 5348: 5342: 5325: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5301: 5294: 5286: 5280: 5263: 5257: 5244: 5238: 5225: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5171: 5165: 5149: 5143: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5109:. Archived from 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4980: 4974: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4911: 4905: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4868:. Archived from 4866:opensyllabus.org 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4834: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4796: 4790: 4774: 4765: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4724: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4691: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4662: 4656: 4643: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4576: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4553:. June 8, 2017. 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4521:Business Insider 4512: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4466: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4405: 4382: 4372: 4327: 4325:Biography portal 4322: 4321: 4320: 4249: 4215: 4193: 4175: 4157: 3977:(December 2008) 3939:(December 2008) 3687:(January 1986), 3411:Anthony Venables 3298:Israel–Hamas war 3162:Martin Feldstein 3140:Republican Party 3103:(1996), opposed 3083: 2767:commercial banks 2763:Great Depression 2755:investment banks 2547:Five days after 2363:David M. Kennedy 2222:Hamilton College 2139:New Trade Theory 2050: 2027:New Trade Theory 1983:John H. Cochrane 1971:Japanese economy 1920: 1913: 1906: 1890: 1889: 1880:Money portal 1878: 1877: 1876: 1790:William Nordhaus 1775:Robert Lucas Jr. 1665:François Quesnay 1301:Nominal rigidity 1272:Demand for money 1250:Microfoundations 1186:Financial crisis 1166:Effective demand 1136:Aggregate supply 1131:Aggregate demand 1118: 1095: 1094: 944:New Trade Theory 883:New trade theory 877:New trade theory 852:classic textbook 836:Maurice Obstfeld 629:Makoto Kobayashi 504:new trade theory 476: 471: 470: 469: 468: 461: 458: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 330:New trade theory 289:William Nordhaus 258:Tahir R. Andrabi 149: 147: 129: 122:Robin L. Bergman 71:Albany, New York 67: 63: 61: 42: 28: 27: 15818: 15817: 15813: 15812: 15811: 15809: 15808: 15807: 15693:Group of Thirty 15583: 15582: 15581: 15572: 15526:Karen Armstrong 15504: 15489: 15473:Martha Nussbaum 15445:Tzvetan Todorov 15439:Ralf Dahrendorf 15415:Jürgen Habermas 15409:Anthony Giddens 15394: 15354:John H. Elliott 15339: 15298: 15279: 15226: 15214: 15203: 15196: 15166: 15161: 15153: 15144:Douglas Diamond 15134: 15115: 15100: 15081: 15069: 15061: 15056:Bengt Holmström 15049: 15041: 15033: 15017: 15005: 14993: 14977: 14965: 14957: 14941: 14933: 14921: 14912:Finn E. Kydland 14909: 14897: 14892:Vernon L. Smith 14888:Daniel Kahneman 14885: 14869: 14858: 14846: 14838: 14830: 14818: 14813:William Vickrey 14806: 14798: 14793:Reinhard Selten 14782: 14773:Robert W. Fogel 14770: 14762: 14757:Ronald H. Coase 14754: 14738: 14733:Trygve Haavelmo 14730: 14722: 14717:Robert M. Solow 14714: 14706: 14698: 14690: 14682: 14674: 14666: 14658: 14646: 14638: 14626: 14621:Milton Friedman 14618: 14607: 14595: 14583: 14575: 14563: 14555: 14547: 14535: 14524: 14515: 14485: 14480: 14418: 14410: 14407:(United States) 14391: 14360: 14329: 14310: 14286: 14283:(United States) 14277:(United States) 14269:Osamu Shimomura 14255: 14248: 14218: 14213: 14136:Amy Finkelstein 14088:Andrei Shleifer 14082:Kevin M. Murphy 14064:Paul R. Krugman 14016:Daniel McFadden 13974:Robert M. Solow 13944:Milton Friedman 13923: 13917: 13887: 13878: 13837: 13791:John O'Sullivan 13750: 13746:Brian M. Carney 13704:Michael Hiltzik 13667: 13595: 13561:Michael Kinsley 13542: 13527: 13511: 13496: 13480: 13465: 13404: 13381: 13346: 13331: 13315:Patricia Shontz 13302: 13291: 13286: 13256: 13251: 13248:Business portal 13215: 13214: 13213: 13173: 12937:von Böhm-Bawerk 12825: 12824: 12815: 12587:Ancient thought 12565: 12564: 12558: 12549: 12548: 12547: 12298: 12263: 12215:Contract theory 12200:Decision theory 12181: 12176: 12146: 12141: 12140: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12130: 12117: 12093:Joseph Stiglitz 12088:Andrei Shleifer 12078:Julio Rotemberg 12008:Stanley Fischer 11993:Richard Clarida 11988:Guillermo Calvo 11954: 11950:L. Randall Wray 11940:William Vickrey 11915:Steven Pressman 11870:Nicholas Kaldor 11850:Myron J. Gordon 11812:Post-Keynesians 11806: 11722:Trygve Haavelmo 11688: 11672: 11665: 11631: 11627: 11618: 11610: 11606: 11602: 11470: 11465: 11464: 11454: 11452: 11437: 11433: 11423: 11421: 11406: 11402: 11392: 11390: 11377: 11376: 11372: 11362: 11360: 11345: 11338: 11328: 11326: 11311: 11307: 11297: 11295: 11278: 11274: 11264: 11262: 11247: 11243: 11233: 11231: 11222: 11221: 11217: 11208: 11207: 11203: 11184: 11180: 11163: 11159: 11143: 11142: 11130: 11126: 11116: 11114: 11104: 11100: 11091: 11090: 11086: 11071: 11064: 11059:. June 7, 2018. 11051: 11050: 11046: 11031: 11024: 11009: 11005: 10990: 10986: 10976: 10974: 10959: 10958: 10954: 10939: 10935: 10925: 10923: 10906: 10902: 10892: 10890: 10881: 10880: 10876: 10866: 10864: 10858:"The Long Haul" 10854: 10850: 10840: 10838: 10829: 10828: 10824: 10814: 10812: 10803: 10802: 10798: 10788: 10786: 10768: 10764: 10754: 10752: 10737: 10733: 10723: 10721: 10706: 10702: 10692: 10690: 10675: 10671: 10661: 10659: 10644: 10637: 10627: 10625: 10605: 10601: 10590: 10586: 10571: 10567: 10557: 10555: 10540: 10536: 10530:Wayback Machine 10520: 10516: 10506:Wayback Machine 10497: 10493: 10483:Wayback Machine 10474: 10470: 10459: 10455: 10445:Wayback Machine 10436: 10432: 10428:, June 25, 2000 10422:Wayback Machine 10413: 10409: 10403:Wayback Machine 10393:Book review of 10391: 10387: 10377:Wayback Machine 10368: 10364: 10354:Wayback Machine 10345: 10341: 10331:Wayback Machine 10322: 10318: 10311:The Irish Times 10305: 10304: 10300: 10285: 10284: 10280: 10267: 10266: 10262: 10252: 10250: 10232: 10228: 10213: 10209: 10196: 10195: 10191: 10178: 10177: 10173: 10164: 10163: 10159: 10149: 10147: 10132: 10128: 10118: 10116: 10105: 10101: 10088: 10087: 10083: 10073: 10071: 10056: 10052: 10042: 10040: 10025: 10021: 10011: 10009: 9994: 9990: 9980: 9978: 9963: 9959: 9949: 9947: 9932: 9928: 9918: 9916: 9901: 9897: 9889: 9883: 9879: 9842: 9838: 9831: 9817: 9813: 9802: 9780: 9776: 9766: 9764: 9751: 9750: 9743: 9735: 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9699: 9687:(3): 1469–513. 9676: 9670: 9666: 9659: 9631: 9627: 9617: 9615: 9604: 9600: 9590: 9588: 9577: 9573: 9563: 9561: 9550: 9546: 9534: 9533: 9524: 9523: 9516: 9514: 9501: 9497: 9487: 9485: 9473: 9467: 9463: 9453: 9451: 9438:Krugman, Paul. 9436: 9432: 9422: 9420: 9405: 9401: 9391:Wayback Machine 9381: 9374: 9364: 9362: 9347: 9343: 9333: 9331: 9316: 9312: 9302: 9300: 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9259: 9255: 9245: 9243: 9238:. May 8, 2014. 9230: 9229: 9225: 9215: 9213: 9198: 9194: 9182: 9180: 9171: 9170: 9163: 9161: 9157: 9150: 9144: 9140: 9130: 9128: 9113: 9109: 9099: 9097: 9082: 9078: 9068: 9066: 9051: 9047: 9037: 9035: 9026: 9025: 9021: 9011:Wayback Machine 9001: 8997: 8987: 8985: 8970: 8966: 8956: 8954: 8939: 8935: 8925: 8923: 8908: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8877: 8873: 8863: 8861: 8846: 8842: 8832: 8830: 8819: 8815: 8805: 8803: 8788: 8784: 8774: 8772: 8757: 8750: 8740: 8738: 8723: 8719: 8709: 8707: 8692: 8688: 8678: 8676: 8661: 8657: 8647: 8645: 8641: 8634: 8630: 8629: 8625: 8615: 8613: 8598: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8567: 8563: 8557:Wayback Machine 8548: 8544: 8532: 8530: 8521: 8520: 8502: 8498: 8488: 8486: 8471: 8467: 8457: 8455: 8440: 8436: 8429: 8415: 8411: 8401: 8399: 8372:Foreign Affairs 8364: 8360: 8350: 8348: 8333: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8304:Brian O'Donovan 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8266: 8262: 8252: 8250: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8222: 8220: 8207: 8206: 8202: 8192: 8190: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8160: 8158: 8143: 8142: 8138: 8128: 8126: 8111: 8107: 8097: 8095: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8047: 8043: 8033: 8031: 8016: 8012: 8002: 8000: 7985: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7952: 7948: 7943:Wayback Machine 7924: 7915: 7905: 7903: 7888: 7884: 7873: 7869: 7859: 7857: 7848: 7847: 7840: 7830: 7828: 7819: 7818: 7814: 7809:Wayback Machine 7794: 7790: 7780: 7778: 7761: 7744: 7734: 7732: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7690: 7681: 7671: 7669: 7665: 7634: 7628:Neary, J. Peter 7625: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7599:Financial Times 7588: 7584: 7574: 7572: 7559: 7558: 7554: 7548:Wayback Machine 7539: 7535: 7520:Wayback Machine 7505:Wayback Machine 7495: 7491: 7483: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7451:Krugman, Paul. 7450: 7446: 7441:Wayback Machine 7424:Michael Tomasky 7422: 7413: 7399:Wayback Machine 7390: 7383: 7378:Wayback Machine 7363:Krugman, Paul, 7362: 7355: 7345: 7343: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7319: 7317: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7289: 7287: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7266: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7221: 7219: 7204: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7164: 7162: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7112: 7110: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7090: 7088: 7079: 7078: 7074: 7064: 7062: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7032: 7030: 7017: 7016: 7012: 7002: 7000: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6965: 6964: 6960: 6950: 6948: 6939: 6938: 6934: 6928:Wayback Machine 6917: 6913: 6905:Wayback Machine 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6856:Wayback Machine 6841: 6832: 6826:Wayback Machine 6811: 6807: 6802:Wayback Machine 6792: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6762: 6758: 6748: 6746: 6738:Financial Times 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6693: 6689: 6679: 6677: 6669:The Independent 6660: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6629: 6625: 6613:Wayback Machine 6603: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6532: 6528: 6521: 6494: 6490: 6484:Wayback Machine 6475: 6471: 6461: 6459: 6444: 6440: 6435:Wayback Machine 6422: 6418: 6412:Wayback Machine 6387: 6383: 6377:Wayback Machine 6368: 6364: 6358:Wayback Machine 6349: 6345: 6333: 6329: 6302: 6298: 6288:Wayback Machine 6278: 6271: 6256:10.2307/2534694 6239: 6233: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6212:. Web.mit.edu. 6206: 6202: 6194: 6190: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6167:Wayback Machine 6151:, October 2000 6135: 6131: 6126:Wayback Machine 6102: 6098: 6069: 6065: 6060:Wayback Machine 6047: 6043: 6037:Wayback Machine 6027: 6023: 6017:Wayback Machine 6008: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5990:Wayback Machine 5980: 5976: 5966:Monetary policy 5958:Wayback Machine 5949: 5945: 5940: 5936: 5926:Wayback Machine 5916: 5912: 5905: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5870:. Web.mit.edu. 5866: 5865: 5861: 5845: 5844: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5824: 5822:"Archived copy" 5820: 5819: 5815: 5809:Wayback Machine 5799: 5795: 5790:Wayback Machine 5781:Krugman (1999) 5780: 5776: 5763:Wayback Machine 5754: 5750: 5735: 5731: 5718: 5714: 5708:Wayback Machine 5699: 5692: 5680:Wayback Machine 5671: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5601: 5597: 5582: 5578: 5568: 5566: 5551: 5547: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5491: 5487: 5450: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5411: 5407: 5393: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5366: 5364: 5349: 5345: 5339:Wayback Machine 5326: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5278:Wayback Machine 5264: 5260: 5255:Wayback Machine 5245: 5241: 5235:Wayback Machine 5226: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5184: 5182: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5163:Wayback Machine 5150: 5146: 5140:Wayback Machine 5130: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5068: 5064: 5049: 5045: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5003: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4971:Wayback Machine 4962: 4958: 4943: 4939: 4930: 4928: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4902:Wayback Machine 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4832: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4798: 4797: 4793: 4788:Wayback Machine 4775: 4768: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4726: 4725: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4693: 4692: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4654:Wayback Machine 4644: 4633: 4623: 4621: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4593: 4591: 4578: 4577: 4570: 4560: 4558: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4497: 4482: 4478: 4467: 4460: 4450: 4448: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4406: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4323: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4230:10.2307/2937922 4213: 4173:10.2307/2946642 4155: 4099: 3887:(October 2007) 3852:(January 2020) 3846: 3701: 3629: 3613:Elhanan Helpman 3520:(August 1991), 3407:Masahisa Fujita 3399: 3394: 3392:Published works 3351: 3310: 3242: 3234:Fake News Award 3214: 3212:On Donald Trump 3182: 3158: 3136: 3128:Hillary Clinton 3081: 3054: 3052:Political views 3034: 3025: 2994:Great Recession 2970: 2954:paradox of toil 2904:Great Recession 2861: 2856: 2815:Andrei Shleifer 2747:subprime crisis 2718: 2679:economic growth 2669:and increasing 2642:Foreign Affairs 2637: 2587:Hillary Clinton 2455:on the left to 2400:Michael Tomasky 2384: 2351:Michael Tomasky 2307:Barry Goldwater 2250: 2041: 2039: 2019: 1960:Milton Friedman 1924: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1865: 1864: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1795:Joseph Stiglitz 1755:Milton Friedman 1735:Friedrich Hayek 1660: 1650: 1649: 1532: 1522: 1521: 1492: 1484: 1483: 1469:Mundell–Fleming 1464:Matching theory 1402:Keynesian cross 1387: 1379: 1378: 1349: 1341: 1340: 1126: 1093: 1074:currency crisis 1052:currency crises 1028: 1019: 986: 955:ceteris paribus 940:Joseph Stiglitz 885: 879: 800:Group of Thirty 758: 756:Academic career 715:Yale University 710:summa cum laude 625:Osamu Shimomura 609: 551:currency crises 547:liquidity traps 474: 464: 463: 433: 429: 368: 339: 313: 277: 263:Richard Baldwin 250: 238: 226: 220: 216:Yale University 184: 163:Academic career 154: 151: 148: 1996) 143: 139: 131: 127: 123: 109: 86:Yale University 74: 68: 65: 59: 57: 56: 55: 45: 44:Krugman in 2023 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15816: 15806: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15655: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15625: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15578: 15577: 15574: 15573: 15571: 15570: 15564: 15558: 15552: 15546: 15540: 15534: 15532:Michael Sandel 15528: 15522: 15516: 15509: 15506: 15505: 15495: 15494: 15491: 15490: 15488: 15487: 15481: 15475: 15469: 15467:Howard Gardner 15463: 15453: 15447: 15441: 15435: 15429: 15423: 15417: 15411: 15405: 15384: 15378: 15372: 15370:Jacques Santer 15362: 15356: 15350: 15329: 15323: 15317: 15311: 15305: 15292: 15286: 15269: 15267:Juan José Linz 15263: 15257: 15251: 15245: 15239: 15233: 15219: 15216: 15215: 15205: 15204: 15195: 15194: 15187: 15180: 15172: 15163: 15162: 15160: 15159: 15156:Claudia Goldin 15151: 15132: 15125:Joshua Angrist 15113: 15098: 15095:Michael Kremer 15079: 15067: 15059: 15047: 15039: 15031: 15020:Eugene F. Fama 15015: 15003: 14991: 14975: 14963: 14955: 14948:Eric S. Maskin 14944:Leonid Hurwicz 14939: 14931: 14919: 14907: 14895: 14883: 14866: 14864: 14860: 14859: 14857: 14856: 14844: 14836: 14828: 14816: 14804: 14796: 14780: 14768: 14765:Gary S. Becker 14760: 14752: 14736: 14728: 14725:Maurice Allais 14720: 14712: 14704: 14696: 14688: 14680: 14672: 14664: 14656: 14644: 14636: 14633:James E. Meade 14624: 14615: 14613: 14609: 14608: 14606: 14605: 14593: 14581: 14573: 14561: 14553: 14545: 14532: 14530: 14526: 14525: 14514: 14513: 14506: 14499: 14491: 14482: 14481: 14479: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14415: 14412: 14411: 14409: 14408: 14401: 14399: 14393: 14392: 14390: 14389: 14386:Luc Montagnier 14383: 14377: 14370: 14368: 14362: 14361: 14359: 14358: 14355:Yoichiro Nambu 14352: 14346: 14339: 14337: 14331: 14330: 14328: 14327: 14320: 14318: 14312: 14311: 14309: 14308: 14301: 14299: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14284: 14281:Roger Y. Tsien 14278: 14275:Martin Chalfie 14272: 14265: 14263: 14257: 14256: 14247: 14246: 14239: 14232: 14224: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14211: 14208:Philipp Strack 14205: 14202:Gabriel Zucman 14199: 14193: 14190:Isaiah Andrews 14187: 14181: 14175: 14169: 14166:Dave Donaldson 14163: 14160:Yuliy Sannikov 14157: 14151: 14145: 14139: 14133: 14130:Jonathan Levin 14127: 14121: 14115: 14112:Susan C. Athey 14109: 14106:Daron Acemoglu 14103: 14097: 14091: 14085: 14079: 14073: 14067: 14061: 14058:David M. Kreps 14055: 14049: 14043: 14037: 14031: 14025: 14019: 14013: 14007: 14001: 13995: 13992:Gary S. Becker 13989: 13983: 13977: 13971: 13965: 13959: 13953: 13947: 13941: 13935: 13928: 13925: 13924: 13916: 13915: 13908: 13901: 13893: 13884: 13883: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13876: 13870: 13868:Chad Livengood 13864: 13858: 13852: 13845: 13843: 13839: 13838: 13836: 13835: 13829: 13823: 13817: 13811: 13809:Jesse Eisinger 13805: 13799: 13793: 13787:Patrick Foulis 13771: 13765: 13758: 13756: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13748: 13742: 13736: 13730: 13724: 13718: 13712: 13706: 13700: 13694: 13688: 13682: 13680:David Ignatius 13675: 13673: 13669: 13668: 13666: 13665: 13659: 13653: 13647: 13641: 13635: 13629: 13623: 13617: 13611: 13603: 13601: 13597: 13596: 13594: 13593: 13587: 13585:Gordon Crovitz 13581: 13575: 13569: 13563: 13557: 13550: 13548: 13544: 13543: 13533: 13532: 13529: 13528: 13526: 13525: 13519: 13517: 13513: 13512: 13502: 13501: 13498: 13497: 13495: 13494: 13488: 13486: 13482: 13481: 13471: 13470: 13467: 13466: 13464: 13463: 13457: 13455:George Melloan 13451: 13441: 13439:Sarai Ribicoff 13435: 13429: 13423:Paul Lieberman 13419: 13412: 13410: 13406: 13405: 13403: 13402: 13396: 13389: 13387: 13383: 13382: 13380: 13379: 13373: 13367: 13361: 13354: 13352: 13348: 13347: 13337: 13336: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13329: 13327:Robert H. Metz 13323: 13317: 13310: 13308: 13304: 13303: 13293: 13292: 13285: 13284: 13277: 13270: 13262: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13217: 13216: 13212: 13211: 13206: 13196: 13191: 13185: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13171: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12828: 12826: 12820: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12782: 12781: 12771: 12770: 12769: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12748: 12747: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12726: 12725: 12724: 12723: 12713: 12708: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12651:Disequilibrium 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12627: 12626: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12600: 12599: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12568: 12566: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12546: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12525: 12520: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12464:Organizational 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12310: 12309: 12308: 12306: 12300: 12299: 12297: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12285: 12284: 12273: 12271: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12261: 12256: 12251: 12250: 12249: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12227:Macroeconomics 12224: 12223: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12195:Microeconomics 12191: 12189: 12183: 12182: 12175: 12174: 12167: 12160: 12152: 12143: 12142: 12129: 12128: 12126: 12125: 12123: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12103:John B. Taylor 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12083:Robert Shiller 12080: 12075: 12070: 12068:Kenneth Rogoff 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11968:George Akerlof 11964: 11962: 11960:New Keynesians 11956: 11955: 11953: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11895:Abba P. Lerner 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11875:Michał Kalecki 11872: 11867: 11862: 11860:Michael Hudson 11857: 11855:Geoff Harcourt 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11820:Victoria Chick 11816: 11814: 11808: 11807: 11805: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11792:Paul Samuelson 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11767:Robert Mundell 11764: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11747:Lawrence Klein 11744: 11739: 11734: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11707:William Baumol 11704: 11702:Gardner Ackley 11698: 11696: 11694:Neo-Keynesians 11690: 11689: 11687: 11686: 11680: 11678: 11674: 11673: 11670: 11664: 11663: 11656: 11649: 11641: 11633: 11632: 11623: 11620: 11611: 11604:Eric S. Maskin 11600:Leonid Hurwicz 11598: 11594: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11576: 11574:nobelprize.org 11567: 11558: 11544: 11539:and historian 11533:Contra Krugman 11530: 11521: 11507: 11497: 11491: 11480: 11469: 11468:External links 11466: 11463: 11462: 11431: 11400: 11370: 11336: 11305: 11287:The New Yorker 11272: 11241: 11215: 11201: 11178: 11157: 11124: 11098: 11084: 11062: 11044: 11022: 11017:New York Times 11003: 10998:New York Times 10984: 10952: 10933: 10900: 10874: 10848: 10822: 10796: 10762: 10731: 10700: 10669: 10635: 10599: 10584: 10565: 10534: 10514: 10491: 10468: 10453: 10430: 10407: 10385: 10362: 10339: 10337:, June 7, 2000 10316: 10298: 10278: 10260: 10226: 10223:. p. A18. 10207: 10189: 10171: 10157: 10126: 10099: 10094:Foreign Policy 10081: 10050: 10019: 9988: 9957: 9926: 9895: 9877: 9836: 9829: 9811: 9800: 9774: 9741: 9733: 9713: 9664: 9658:978-0393312928 9657: 9625: 9598: 9571: 9544: 9495: 9461: 9430: 9399: 9372: 9341: 9310: 9284: 9253: 9223: 9192: 9183:|journal= 9160:on May 6, 2010 9138: 9107: 9076: 9045: 9019: 9002:Paul Krugman. 8995: 8964: 8933: 8902: 8885:Spiegel Online 8871: 8840: 8813: 8782: 8748: 8717: 8686: 8655: 8623: 8592: 8561: 8542: 8533:|journal= 8496: 8465: 8434: 8427: 8409: 8358: 8327: 8295: 8260: 8230: 8200: 8168: 8136: 8105: 8074: 8041: 8010: 7979: 7961:The New Yorker 7946: 7913: 7882: 7867: 7838: 7812: 7788: 7742: 7731:. Channel4.com 7720: 7693:Hirsh, Michael 7679: 7616: 7582: 7552: 7533: 7529:Democracy Now! 7509:Alan Greenspan 7489: 7477: 7465: 7444: 7434:"The Partisan" 7411: 7381: 7353: 7327: 7310:Foreign Policy 7297: 7272: 7255: 7229: 7198: 7172: 7146: 7120: 7098: 7072: 7040: 7010: 6984: 6958: 6932: 6911: 6885: 6859: 6830: 6805: 6786: 6756: 6723: 6687: 6654: 6633:Richard Layard 6623: 6597: 6572:(March 2012). 6557: 6526: 6519: 6488: 6469: 6438: 6416: 6381: 6379:, Paul Krugman 6362: 6343: 6327: 6316:(4): 857–860. 6296: 6269: 6250:(2): 137–205. 6227: 6208:Paul Krugman. 6200: 6188: 6170: 6129: 6096: 6063: 6041: 6021: 6002: 5993: 5974: 5962:Donald L. Kohn 5943: 5934: 5910: 5903: 5885: 5859: 5813: 5793: 5774: 5748: 5729: 5712: 5690: 5665: 5640: 5595: 5576: 5545: 5534:(3): 297–308. 5516: 5485: 5431: 5415:"Paul Krugman" 5405: 5387: 5378: 5343: 5313: 5281: 5258: 5248:Rudi Dornbusch 5239: 5213: 5192: 5166: 5144: 5124: 5093: 5062: 5043: 5024: 4997: 4975: 4956: 4937: 4906: 4883: 4853: 4821: 4791: 4766: 4749: 4716: 4683: 4657: 4631: 4614:nobelprize.org 4601: 4568: 4547:"Paul Krugman" 4538: 4507: 4476: 4458: 4429: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4329: 4328: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4307: 4296: 4283: 4272: 4261: 4250: 4205: 4194: 4144: 4133: 4122: 4111: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4091: 4081: 4071: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4031: 4030: 4029: 4009: 4008: 4007: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3972: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3932: 3924:(May 4, 2001) 3919: 3918: 3917: 3912:A book of his 3895: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3860: 3858:978-1324005018 3845: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3819: 3809:Microeconomics 3806: 3793: 3780: 3767: 3754: 3741: 3728: 3718:Macroeconomics 3715: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3695: 3682: 3669: 3656: 3648:(March 1995), 3643: 3628: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3606: 3598:(August 1987) 3593: 3580: 3567: 3559:(April 1990), 3554: 3541: 3528: 3515: 3502: 3490: 3477: 3464: 3451: 3434: 3421: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3367:New York Times 3350: 3347: 3314:dot-com bubble 3309: 3306: 3276:New York Times 3247:New York Times 3241: 3240:Foreign policy 3238: 3227:New York Times 3213: 3210: 3181: 3178: 3157: 3154: 3135: 3132: 3107:, argued that 3105:farm subsidies 3053: 3050: 3042:Green New Deal 3033: 3030: 3024: 3021: 2969: 2966: 2962:liquidity trap 2930:– whose works 2924:Post-Keynesian 2920:Post-Keynesian 2877:macroeconomics 2860: 2857: 2855: 2854:Economic views 2852: 2838:Thomas Piketty 2738:Alan Greenspan 2717: 2714: 2636: 2633: 2622:Daniel Mulhall 2583:Bernie Sanders 2572:New York Times 2563:The New Yorker 2542:New York Times 2495:George W. Bush 2459:on the right. 2426:Foreign Policy 2411:(1997–99) and 2391:J. Peter Neary 2383: 2380: 2359:Pulitzer prize 2330:had used the " 2249: 2246: 2241:Foreign Policy 2218: 2217: 2210: 2203: 2192: 2185: 2167: 2166:for Commentary 2160: 2153: 2146: 2131: 2121: 2114: 2105: 2094: 2083: 2077: 2070: 2038: 2035: 2018: 2015: 2006:Martin Chalfie 2002:George W. Bush 1987:Richard Layard 1932:liquidity trap 1926: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1915: 1908: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1882: 1867: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1850:Microeconomics 1847: 1846: 1845: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1765:Lawrence Klein 1762: 1760:Paul Samuelson 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1715:Michał Kalecki 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1661: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1635:Disequilibrium 1632: 1631: 1630: 1623:Post-Keynesian 1620: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1603: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1493: 1491:Related fields 1490: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1417:Phillips curve 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1269: 1267:Money creation 1264: 1263: 1262: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1225: 1223:Liquidity trap 1220: 1215: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1141:Business cycle 1138: 1133: 1127: 1125:Basic concepts 1124: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1111: 1110: 1108:Macroeconomics 1104: 1103: 1092: 1089: 1040:Stephen Salant 1027: 1024: 1018: 1015: 985: 982: 881:Main article: 878: 875: 848:Paul Samuelson 757: 754: 746:Rudi Dornbusch 671:, a hamlet in 621:Martin Chalfie 615:Paul Krugman, 608: 605: 591:modern liberal 587:macroeconomics 421: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 404: 398: 397: 393: 392: 389: 388: 385: 384: 381: 380: 370: 369: 367: 366: 360: 354: 347: 345: 341: 340: 338: 337: 332: 327: 321: 319: 315: 314: 312: 311: 306: 301: 296: 294:Rudi Dornbusch 291: 285: 283: 279: 278: 276: 275: 270: 265: 260: 254: 252: 246: 245: 243:Rudi Dornbusch 240: 234: 233: 228: 225:School or 222: 221: 219: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 192: 190: 186: 185: 183: 182: 180:Macroeconomics 177: 171: 169: 165: 164: 160: 159: 156: 155: 153: 152: 141: 135: 134: 132: 125: 121: 120: 117: 115: 111: 110: 108: 107: 93: 82: 80: 76: 75: 69: 53: 51: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15815: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15708:Living people 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15590: 15588: 15569: 15565: 15563: 15559: 15557: 15553: 15551: 15547: 15545: 15541: 15539: 15535: 15533: 15529: 15527: 15523: 15521: 15517: 15515: 15511: 15510: 15507: 15500: 15496: 15486: 15482: 15480: 15479:Saskia Sassen 15476: 15474: 15470: 15468: 15464: 15462: 15458: 15454: 15452: 15448: 15446: 15442: 15440: 15436: 15434: 15433:Mary Robinson 15430: 15428: 15424: 15422: 15418: 15416: 15412: 15410: 15406: 15402: 15398: 15393: 15389: 15385: 15383: 15379: 15377: 15373: 15371: 15367: 15366:Pierre Werner 15363: 15361: 15357: 15355: 15351: 15347: 15343: 15338: 15334: 15330: 15328: 15324: 15322: 15321:Silvio Zavala 15318: 15316: 15312: 15310: 15306: 15302: 15297: 15293: 15291: 15287: 15283: 15278: 15274: 15270: 15268: 15264: 15262: 15258: 15256: 15252: 15250: 15246: 15244: 15240: 15238: 15234: 15230: 15225: 15221: 15220: 15217: 15210: 15206: 15201: 15193: 15188: 15186: 15181: 15179: 15174: 15173: 15170: 15157: 15152: 15149: 15145: 15141: 15137: 15133: 15130: 15126: 15122: 15118: 15114: 15111: 15107: 15103: 15099: 15096: 15092: 15088: 15084: 15080: 15077: 15073: 15068: 15065: 15060: 15057: 15053: 15048: 15045: 15040: 15037: 15032: 15029: 15025: 15021: 15016: 15013: 15009: 15008:Alvin E. Roth 15004: 15001: 14997: 14992: 14989: 14985: 14981: 14976: 14973: 14969: 14968:Elinor Ostrom 14964: 14961: 14956: 14953: 14949: 14945: 14940: 14937: 14932: 14929: 14925: 14920: 14917: 14913: 14908: 14905: 14901: 14896: 14893: 14889: 14884: 14881: 14877: 14873: 14868: 14867: 14865: 14861: 14854: 14850: 14845: 14842: 14837: 14834: 14829: 14826: 14822: 14817: 14814: 14810: 14805: 14802: 14797: 14794: 14790: 14786: 14781: 14778: 14774: 14769: 14766: 14761: 14758: 14753: 14750: 14746: 14742: 14737: 14734: 14729: 14726: 14721: 14718: 14713: 14710: 14705: 14702: 14697: 14694: 14693:Richard Stone 14689: 14686: 14685:Gérard Debreu 14681: 14678: 14673: 14670: 14665: 14662: 14657: 14654: 14650: 14645: 14642: 14637: 14634: 14630: 14625: 14622: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14610: 14603: 14599: 14594: 14591: 14587: 14586:Gunnar Myrdal 14582: 14579: 14574: 14571: 14567: 14566:John R. Hicks 14562: 14559: 14558:Simon Kuznets 14554: 14551: 14546: 14543: 14542:Jan Tinbergen 14539: 14538:Ragnar Frisch 14534: 14533: 14531: 14527: 14523: 14519: 14512: 14507: 14505: 14500: 14498: 14493: 14492: 14489: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14421: 14417: 14416: 14413: 14406: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14398: 14394: 14387: 14384: 14381: 14378: 14375: 14372: 14371: 14369: 14367: 14363: 14356: 14353: 14350: 14347: 14344: 14341: 14340: 14338: 14336: 14332: 14325: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14317: 14313: 14306: 14303: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14293: 14289: 14282: 14279: 14276: 14273: 14270: 14267: 14266: 14264: 14262: 14258: 14253: 14245: 14240: 14238: 14233: 14231: 14226: 14225: 14222: 14209: 14206: 14203: 14200: 14197: 14196:Oleg Itskhoki 14194: 14191: 14188: 14185: 14182: 14179: 14176: 14173: 14170: 14167: 14164: 14161: 14158: 14155: 14152: 14149: 14146: 14143: 14140: 14137: 14134: 14131: 14128: 14125: 14122: 14119: 14118:Emmanuel Saez 14116: 14113: 14110: 14107: 14104: 14101: 14100:Steven Levitt 14098: 14095: 14094:Matthew Rabin 14092: 14089: 14086: 14083: 14080: 14077: 14074: 14071: 14068: 14065: 14062: 14059: 14056: 14053: 14050: 14047: 14044: 14041: 14038: 14035: 14032: 14029: 14026: 14023: 14020: 14017: 14014: 14011: 14008: 14005: 14002: 13999: 13996: 13993: 13990: 13987: 13986:Zvi Griliches 13984: 13981: 13978: 13975: 13972: 13969: 13966: 13963: 13960: 13957: 13954: 13951: 13948: 13945: 13942: 13939: 13936: 13933: 13930: 13929: 13926: 13921: 13914: 13909: 13907: 13902: 13900: 13895: 13894: 13891: 13875: 13871: 13869: 13865: 13863: 13859: 13857: 13853: 13851: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13840: 13834: 13830: 13828: 13824: 13822: 13818: 13816: 13812: 13810: 13806: 13804: 13803:Peter Goodman 13800: 13798: 13794: 13792: 13788: 13784: 13780: 13776: 13772: 13770: 13766: 13764: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13753: 13747: 13743: 13741: 13737: 13735: 13731: 13729: 13725: 13723: 13719: 13717: 13713: 13711: 13707: 13705: 13701: 13699: 13695: 13693: 13689: 13687: 13683: 13681: 13677: 13676: 13674: 13670: 13664: 13660: 13658: 13654: 13652: 13648: 13646: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13634: 13630: 13628: 13624: 13622: 13618: 13616: 13612: 13609: 13605: 13604: 13602: 13598: 13592: 13588: 13586: 13582: 13580: 13579:Ron Ridenhour 13576: 13574: 13570: 13568: 13564: 13562: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13545: 13538: 13534: 13524: 13521: 13520: 13518: 13514: 13507: 13503: 13493: 13490: 13489: 13487: 13483: 13476: 13472: 13462: 13458: 13456: 13452: 13450: 13446: 13445:Stan DeCoster 13442: 13440: 13436: 13434: 13430: 13428: 13424: 13420: 13418: 13414: 13413: 13411: 13407: 13401: 13397: 13395: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13384: 13378: 13374: 13372: 13368: 13366: 13365:Henry Wallich 13362: 13360: 13359:Clem Morgello 13356: 13355: 13353: 13349: 13342: 13338: 13328: 13324: 13322: 13318: 13316: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13305: 13298: 13294: 13290: 13283: 13278: 13276: 13271: 13269: 13264: 13263: 13260: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13218: 13210: 13207: 13204: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13186: 13182: 13180: 13176: 13170: 13169: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12832:de Mandeville 12830: 12829: 12827: 12823: 12818: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12780: 12777: 12776: 12775: 12774:New classical 12772: 12768: 12765: 12764: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12730:Malthusianism 12728: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12706: 12702: 12699: 12698: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12691:Institutional 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12625: 12622: 12621: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12495: 12494:Public choice 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12469:Participation 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12429:Institutional 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12379:Expeditionary 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12369:Environmental 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12311: 12307: 12305: 12301: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12283: 12280: 12279: 12278: 12275: 12274: 12272: 12270: 12266: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12248: 12245: 12244: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12197: 12196: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12188: 12184: 12180: 12173: 12168: 12166: 12161: 12159: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12136: 12132: 12124: 12120: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12058:Edmund Phelps 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11965: 11963: 11961: 11957: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11920:Joan Robinson 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11908: 11906: 11905:Bill Mitchell 11903: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11825:Paul Davidson 11823: 11821: 11818: 11817: 11815: 11813: 11809: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11787:William Poole 11785: 11783: 11782:Bill Phillips 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11757:Lloyd Metzler 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11737:Walter Heller 11735: 11733: 11730: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11717:Robert Eisner 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11695: 11691: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11675: 11671: 11668: 11662: 11657: 11655: 11650: 11648: 11643: 11642: 11639: 11630: 11626: 11625:Elinor Ostrom 11617: 11616: 11609: 11605: 11601: 11595: 11590: 11584: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11562: 11559: 11556: 11552: 11548: 11545: 11542: 11538: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11525: 11522: 11519: 11515: 11511: 11508: 11505: 11501: 11498: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11489: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11475: 11472: 11471: 11450: 11446: 11442: 11435: 11419: 11415: 11411: 11404: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11374: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11343: 11341: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11309: 11293: 11289: 11288: 11283: 11276: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11245: 11229: 11225: 11224:"Robin Wells" 11219: 11211: 11205: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11182: 11174: 11173: 11168: 11161: 11153: 11147: 11139: 11135: 11128: 11113: 11109: 11102: 11094: 11088: 11080: 11076: 11069: 11067: 11058: 11054: 11048: 11040: 11036: 11029: 11027: 11018: 11014: 11007: 10999: 10995: 10988: 10972: 10968: 10967: 10962: 10956: 10948: 10944: 10937: 10921: 10917: 10916: 10911: 10904: 10888: 10884: 10878: 10863: 10859: 10852: 10836: 10832: 10826: 10810: 10806: 10800: 10785: 10781: 10777: 10773: 10766: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10735: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10704: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10673: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10642: 10640: 10623: 10619: 10618: 10613: 10609: 10603: 10595: 10588: 10580: 10576: 10569: 10553: 10549: 10545: 10538: 10532:July 9, 2016. 10531: 10527: 10524: 10518: 10512:, May 3, 2000 10511: 10507: 10503: 10500: 10495: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10477: 10472: 10464: 10457: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10434: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10411: 10404: 10400: 10397: 10396: 10389: 10383:, May 7, 2002 10382: 10378: 10374: 10371: 10366: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10348: 10343: 10336: 10332: 10328: 10325: 10320: 10312: 10308: 10302: 10294: 10293: 10288: 10282: 10274: 10270: 10264: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10230: 10222: 10218: 10211: 10203: 10199: 10193: 10185: 10181: 10175: 10167: 10161: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10130: 10114: 10110: 10103: 10095: 10091: 10085: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10054: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10023: 10007: 10003: 9999: 9992: 9976: 9972: 9968: 9961: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9930: 9914: 9910: 9906: 9899: 9888: 9881: 9873: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9856:(2): 131–44. 9855: 9851: 9847: 9840: 9832: 9826: 9822: 9815: 9807: 9803: 9797: 9793: 9788: 9787: 9778: 9762: 9758: 9756: 9748: 9746: 9736: 9730: 9726: 9725: 9717: 9698: 9694: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9675: 9668: 9660: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9642: 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8413: 8397: 8393: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8369: 8362: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8331: 8315: 8314: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8282: 8277: 8276: 8271: 8264: 8248: 8244: 8240: 8234: 8218: 8214: 8213:Bloomberg.com 8210: 8204: 8188: 8184: 8183: 8178: 8172: 8156: 8152: 8151: 8146: 8140: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8109: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8078: 8062: 8058: 8057: 8052: 8045: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8014: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7967: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7950: 7944: 7940: 7937: 7933: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7901: 7897: 7893: 7886: 7878: 7877:The Economist 7871: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7843: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7806: 7803: 7799: 7798: 7797:New Statesman 7792: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7766: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7730: 7724: 7708: 7704: 7703: 7698: 7694: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7645:(2): 217–50. 7644: 7640: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7621: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7586: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7556: 7549: 7545: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7493: 7486: 7481: 7474: 7469: 7462: 7461:0-393-06069-1 7458: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7408: 7407:Ronald Reagan 7404: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7388: 7386: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7368: 7367: 7366:Rolling Stone 7360: 7358: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7265: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7233: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7160: 7156: 7150: 7134: 7130: 7124: 7108: 7102: 7086: 7082: 7076: 7060: 7056: 7055: 7050: 7044: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7014: 6998: 6997:news.yale.edu 6994: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6962: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6915: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6857: 6853: 6850: 6846: 6845: 6844:The Economist 6839: 6837: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6813:Avinash Dixit 6809: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6790: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6727: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6665: 6658: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6627: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6601: 6582: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6566:Henry Farrell 6561: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6530: 6522: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6498: 6492: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6473: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6442: 6436: 6432: 6429: 6426: 6420: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6385: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6366: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6347: 6341: 6340:0-393-04839-X 6337: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6276: 6274: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6238: 6231: 6215: 6211: 6204: 6197: 6192: 6181: 6174: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6133: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6091: 6086: 6083:(2): 245–65. 6082: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6045: 6038: 6034: 6031: 6025: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6006: 5997: 5991: 5987: 5984: 5978: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5947: 5938: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5914: 5906: 5900: 5896: 5889: 5873: 5869: 5863: 5855: 5849: 5830: 5823: 5817: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5787: 5784: 5778: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5757: 5752: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5733: 5726: 5722: 5716: 5709: 5705: 5702: 5697: 5695: 5687: 5686: 5685:The Economist 5681: 5677: 5674: 5669: 5658:September 14, 5654: 5650: 5644: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5611:(2): 149–61. 5610: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5587: 5580: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5520: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5480: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5464:(2): 467–89. 5463: 5459: 5455: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5420: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5398: 5391: 5382: 5375: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5347: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5298: 5291: 5285: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5243: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5202: 5196: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5141: 5137: 5134: 5128: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5001: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4960: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4926: 4922: 4921: 4920:The Economist 4916: 4910: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4857: 4838: 4831: 4825: 4814:September 14, 4809: 4805: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4721: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4589: 4585: 4584:krugmanonline 4581: 4575: 4573: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4480: 4472: 4465: 4463: 4446: 4445: 4440: 4433: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4393: 4371: 4367: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4315: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4224:(3): 669–82. 4223: 4219: 4212: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4166:(4): 857–80. 4165: 4161: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4090: 4089:0-262-11224-8 4086: 4082: 4080: 4079:0-262-61092-2 4076: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4066:0-262-11156-X 4063: 4059: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4045: 4044:0-393-31292-5 4041: 4038:(April 1995) 4037: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4020:0-262-11210-8 4017: 4014:(March 1996) 4013: 4010: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3998:0-393-04638-9 3995: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3983:0-393-07101-4 3980: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3963:0-393-04839-X 3960: 3956: 3953: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3945:0-393-07101-4 3942: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3931: 3930:0-393-05062-9 3927: 3923: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3908:0-393-05850-6 3905: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3894: 3893:0-393-06069-1 3890: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3873:0-393-08877-4 3870: 3867:(April 2012) 3866: 3865: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3839: 3838:0-673-52186-9 3835: 3831: 3830:0-321-29383-5 3827: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3817:0-7167-5997-7 3814: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3804:1-319-24494-7 3801: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3791:1-319-06660-7 3788: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3778:1-4641-8665-0 3775: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3765:1-4292-5163-8 3762: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3752:0-7167-7158-6 3749: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3739:1-57259-150-1 3736: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3726:0-7167-6763-5 3723: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3713:0-7167-9956-1 3710: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3694: 3693:0-262-11112-8 3690: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3680:0-521-41533-0 3677: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3667:0-226-45460-6 3664: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3654:0-226-45459-2 3651: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3641:0-226-45462-2 3638: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3604:1-56708-023-5 3601: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3591:0-262-11140-3 3588: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3578:0-262-08182-2 3575: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3565:0-262-11148-9 3562: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3552:0-88132-116-8 3549: 3546:(June 1991), 3545: 3542: 3540: 3539:1-56708-073-1 3536: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3526:0-262-11159-4 3523: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3513:0-262-11165-9 3510: 3507:(June 1992), 3506: 3503: 3501: 3500:0-88165-097-8 3497: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3488:0-88132-161-3 3485: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3475:0-88132-204-0 3472: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3462:0-262-11203-5 3459: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3449:1-56708-038-3 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MIT Press, 3412: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3389: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3349:Personal life 3346: 3344: 3340: 3339:generative AI 3335: 3333: 3328: 3326: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3284:Peter Beinart 3280: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3248: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3206:David Cameron 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3174:welfare state 3171: 3170:Ronald Reagan 3167: 3163: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3086: 3085:Michael Hirsh 3080: 3079: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3038:green economy 3032:Green economy 3029: 3020: 3017: 3016:globalization 3012: 3008: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2942:Irving Fisher 2939: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2895:model of the 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2881:New Keynesian 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2820: 2819:Robert Vishny 2816: 2810: 2808: 2807:protectionism 2804: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2793:exchange rate 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2722:Bush tax cuts 2713: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2632: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2576:Rudy Giuliani 2573: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2528:Daniel Okrent 2525: 2521: 2520: 2519:The Economist 2514: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449:protectionism 2446: 2445: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2433: 2432:The Economist 2428: 2427: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2379: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2336:welfare queen 2333: 2329: 2328:Ronald Reagan 2325: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2259: 2254: 2245: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2125:honoris causa 2122: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2103: 2100:, awarded by 2099: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2087:honoris causa 2085:1998, Doctor 2084: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2067:The Economist 2064: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1901: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785:Peter Diamond 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1770:Edmund Phelps 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1745:Richard Stone 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1730:Joan Robinson 1728: 1726: 1725:Simon Kuznets 1723: 1721: 1720:Gunnar Myrdal 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1695:Irving Fisher 1693: 1691: 1690:Knut Wicksell 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1562:New classical 1560: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1525: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1487: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1316:Shrinkflation 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1213:Interest rate 1211: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170:Expectations 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1023: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 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