161:. The accompanying map showed the range of elephants extending throughout sub-Saharan Africa, but showed that already in most regions they had been driven back from the coastal lands. He distinguished between the more valuable soft ivory from elephants that live in open woodlands and short-grass savannahs, and the less valuable hard ivory from elephants of the jungles and long-grassed savannahs. The trade at that time was dominated by Arabs based on Zanzibar in the east and by Portuguese in Angola in the west.
70:. In November, they founded the Kakoma station in Unjamwesi, and stayed there for nine months. Captain von Scholer returned to Europe via Zanzibar after founding the station at Kakama. In 1881 Boehm and Reichard explored the Wala River, to the west of Gondo, as far as its mouth. Boehm and Kaiser made a three-month expedition to Lake Tanganyika, returning to the Gondo station at the end of 1881.
150:. In 1888 Reichard published observations on African slavery, saying that the trade is mainly conducted by Africans rather than Arabs. He said that 80% to 98% of Africans were slaves, with only the chiefs and their relatives being free. The owner had to treat his slaves well or they would simply run away to become a slave elsewhere. A comment on these assertions in the
142:
of
Zanzibar in the same way as a European monarch. He said that when the German fleet visited it should have simply occupied the sultanate. Reichard and Böhm had made significant land acquisitions in the territories they explored, and Reichard called for a German protectorate, which came into formal
50:. In 1880 he volunteered as a member of an expedition of the German African society to establish a scientific station in East Africa. He prepared and equipped himself, taking Swahili lessons, and contributed 50,000 marks of his own money to the cost of the expedition.
109:
twice, finding it was only 200 yards (180 m) wide, with many waterfalls and rapids as it drops down through the Konde Irunde and
Mitumba mountains. Boehm died on 27 March 1884. Reichard observed that the
85:
that "calm, peace and order" reigned within the Fipa state. He described the rule of King
Kapuufi as "generally energetic, but nevertheless mild". In October 1882 Eduard Kaiser died on an expedition to
283:
Deutsch-Ostafrika. Das Land und seine
Bewohner. Seine politische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung (German East Africa. The land and its inhabitants. Its political and economic development)
114:
was between 1,200 yards (1,100 m) and 600 yards (550 m) wide and appeared to be the true source of the Congo based on volume of water. He found that the
Lualaba flows through
105:
Boehm and
Reichard left the Belgian station of Mpala on the Tanganyika on 1 September 1883. They managed to cross the Luapala into a country then called "Urua". Reichard crossed the
130:. The discoveries forced a number of revisions of the map of central Africa. He struggled back to the east, reaching Zanzibar on the Indian Ocean coast in November 1884.
690:
154:
said "Mr. Reichard's reasoning shows he has kept his nature unspotted from the world, and is more guileless than any one but a slave owner or a chief".
126:
to the copper mines of
Katanga, of which the Europeans were already aware. He reported that the Katanga region was subject to the powerful chief
639:
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466:
318:
296:
274:
252:
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Vorschläge zu einer praktischen
ReiseausrĂĽstung fĂĽr Ost- und Centralafrika (Proposals for practical travel gear for East and Central Africa)
705:
46:
and in 1873 joined the Corps Rheno-Palatia, a student organization. After graduation he was employed for some time as an engineer in
710:
545:
Karsch, F. (1886). "Ăśber eine neue von dem
Afrikareisenden Herrn Paul Reichard in Ostafrika entdeckte Harlekin-Krabbenspinne".
261:
Dr. Emin Pascha. Ein Vorkämpfer der Kultur im Innern
Afrikas (Dr. Emin Pasha. A champion of culture in the African interior)
695:
535:
485:
173:
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At first the leader of the expedition was Captain von Schoeler, and other members were the zoologist
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138:
In 1889 Reichard criticized the German government for making the mistake of treating the Sultan
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and the topographer Edward Kaiser. In July 1880 they marched into the interior of what is now
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90:. In December 1882, Reichard and Böhm left Igonda and traveled to Lake Tanganyika, exploring
22:(2 December 1854 – 16 September 1938) was a German explorer who traveled extensively in the
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existence with the signature of an agreement between Germany and Britain on 1 July 1890.
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186:"Bericht ĂĽber eine Reise nach Urua und Katanga (Report on a trip to Urua and Katanga)".
633:
597:
574:
520:
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246:
225:"Was soll mit den befreiten Sklaven geschehen (What should happen with freed slaves)".
27:
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481:
23:
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453:"Schwarz-Weiß-RoT" über Ostafrka. Deutsche Kolonialpläne und afrikanische Realität
82:
59:
47:
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558:
511:
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and monthly record of geography
212:"Das afrikanische Elfenbein und sein Handel (African ivory, and its trade)".
139:
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In 1889 Reichard published an exhaustive account of African ivory and the
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Out of our minds: reason and madness in the exploration of Central Africa
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He wrote numerous reports on the expedition that appeared in the
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Later a station was established at Igonda. Reichard said of the
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Journal of the American Geographical and Statistical Society
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Journal of the American Geographical and Statistical Society
172:, where he died on 16 September 1938 and was buried in the
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26:. His discoveries led to the establishment of the
672:
501:. Vol. 5. Office of the Diplomatic reviews.
122:further to the north. Reichard travelled up the
446:. Vol. 21. John H. Schultz & Co. 1889.
188:Globus. Zeitschrift für Länder- und Völkerkunde
438:
401:
164:After his return to Europe, Reichard lived in
38:Paul Reichard was born on 2 December 1854 in
691:Burials at Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery
474:Cohen, Ronald; Toland, Judith Drick (1988).
148:Communications of the German African society
473:
362:
638:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
602:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
579:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
526:. University of California Press. p.
465:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
450:
425:Death register Wilmersdorf, Nr. 1472/1938.
317:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
295:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
273:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
251:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
569:. Vol. 2. Berlin. 1931. p. 398.
567:Reichshandbuch der Deutschen Gesellschaft
617:Nature: international journal of science
477:State formation and political legitimacy
619:. Vol. 27. Macmillan Journals ltd.
610:
587:
350:
673:
628:. Vol. III. Leipzig. p. 146.
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544:
517:
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389:
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53:
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513:. Vol. 7. Edward Stanford. 1885.
413:
706:German people in German East Africa
547:Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift
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199:"Die Wanjanuesi (The Wanjanuesi)".
13:
14:
722:
667:, Royal Museum for Central Africa
174:Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery
653:. G. Philip & Son. p.
440:"African Slavery and the Arabs"
179:
133:
98:to the west of the lake in the
711:People from the Rhine Province
419:
214:Deutsche Geographische Blätter
33:
1:
326:
647:White, Arthur Silva (1890).
611:Lockyer, Sir Norman (1883).
455:. Münster. pp. 143–144.
42:on the Rhine. He studied in
7:
285:(in German). Leipzig. 1892.
263:(in German). Leipzig. 1891.
168:for a while, then moved to
10:
727:
696:German explorers of Africa
626:Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon
480:. Transaction Publishers.
451:BĂĽckendorf, Jutta (1997).
307:(in German). Berlin. 1897.
241:(in German). Berlin. 1889.
650:The development of Africa
624:Schnee, Heinrich (1920).
518:Fabian, Johannes (2000).
507:"Copper-mines of Katanga"
590:Berliner und Wahlberlner
559:10.1002/mmnd.18860300114
227:Deutsche Kolonialzeitung
201:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Erdkunde
588:Kullnik, Heinz (1960).
378:Copper-mines of Katanga
363:Cohen & Toland 1988
592:. Berlin. p. 429.
495:Collet, C. D. (1889).
81:region to the east of
665:Archive Paul Reichard
498:Diplomatic fly-sheets
170:Berlin-Charlottenburg
613:"Geographical Notes"
701:People from Neuwied
54:African exploration
416:, p. 239-240.
28:German East Africa
402:African Slavery..
118:and then through
66:from the port of
24:African continent
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207:: 246–331. 1889.
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100:Congo Free State
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233:: 281ff. 1889.
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220:: 132ff. 1889.
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194:: 23–26. 1885.
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48:Kaiserslautern
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30:Protectorate.
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180:Publications
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134:Later career
124:Lufira River
120:Kikonja Lake
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19:
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686:1938 deaths
681:1854 births
390:Collet 1889
339:Fabian 2000
159:ivory trade
116:Lake Upemba
34:Early years
675:Categories
414:White 1890
327:References
88:Lake Rukwa
634:cite book
598:cite book
575:cite book
553:: 95–96.
461:cite book
313:cite book
291:cite book
269:cite book
247:cite book
68:Bagamoyo
64:Tanzania
305:Stanley
107:Luapula
77:of the
40:Neuwied
534:
484:
92:Karema
44:Munich
128:Msiri
96:Mpala
79:Rukwa
75:Ufipa
640:link
604:link
581:link
532:ISBN
482:ISBN
467:link
319:link
297:link
275:link
253:link
166:Nice
655:239
555:doi
176:.
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