Paul Wolfowitz - Knowledge

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Overturning the names produced by a formal search process, he appointed a figure linked to the US Republican party to head the bank's internal watchdog. Member countries worried that Wolfowitz's willingness to suspend lending to countries on grounds of corruption was vulnerable to selective application in line with US foreign policy interests. In a debate on the proposed Governance and Anti-Corruption Strategy at the bank's 2006 Annual Meetings, shareholders directed Wolfowitz to undertake extensive consultations and revise the strategy to show how objective measures of corruption would be incorporated into decisions and how the shareholders' representatives on the bank's Board would play a key role. Following the consultations and revisions, the Board approved a revised strategy in spring 2007.

5788: 5991: 1288: 1551: 1519: 1499: 1535: 1201: 1950:, Riza is "an Oxford-educated British citizen, was born in Tunisia and grew up in Saudi Arabia. She is known for her expertise on women's rights and has been listed on the bank's Web site as a media contact for Iraq reconstruction issues." According to Leiby and Linton Weeks, in their essay "In the Shadow of a Scandal", Riza's employment at the World Bank predated Wolfowitz's nomination as Bank president: "Riza started at the World Bank as a consultant in July 1997 and became a full-time employee in 1999"; and the relationship between Riza and Wolfowitz pre-dated it as well: 2005:, the daughter of the vice-president, promoting democracy in the Middle East". She "was also moved up to a managerial pay grade in compensation for the disruption to her career", resulting in a raise of over $ 60,000, as well as guarantees of future increases; "The staff association claims that the pay rise was more than double the amount allowed under employee guidelines." A promotion and raise had been among the options suggested by a World Bank ethics committee that was set up to advise on the situation. According to Steven R. Weisman, however, in a report published in 1764:." According to Kampfner, the CIA had ended its funding of the INC "in the mid-1990s when doubts were cast about Chalabi's reliability." Nevertheless, "as the administration geared up for conflict with Saddam, Chalabi was welcomed in the inner sanctum of the Pentagon" under the auspices of the OSP, and "Wolfowitz did not see fit to challenge any of Chalabi's information." The actions of the OSP have led to accusation of the Bush administration "fixing intelligence to support policy" with the aim of influencing Congress in its use of the 1795:, the Pentagon's chief spokesman, said 'prewar estimates that may be borne out in fact are likelier to be more lucky than smart.' added that earlier estimates and statements by Mr. Wolfowitz and others 'oozed with uncertainty.'" Di Rita's comments came as a much less optimistic secret Pentagon study—which had been complete at the time of Wolfowitz's testimony—was coming to public light, and when actual production results in Iraq were coinciding with those projected in the less optimistic Pentagon study. 1973:

CIA wasn't just that she was a foreign national, although that was and is today an issue for anyone interested in CIA employment. The problem was that Wolfowitz was married to someone else, and that someone was really angry about it, and she found a way to bring her complaint directly to the President. So when we, with our characteristic innocence, put Wolfowitz on our short-list for CIA, we were instantly told, by a very, very, very senior Republican foreign policy operative, 'I don't think so.' " The

1567: 5831: 5598: 1374:, which made it front-page news. The draft DPG announced that it had become the "first objective" of U.S. policy "to prevent the re-emergence of a new rival." With an eye toward "deterring potential competitors from even aspiring to a larger regional or global role," the United States would maintain unquestioned military superiority and, if necessary, employ force unilaterally. As window dressing, allies might be nice, but the United States no longer considered them necessary. 2109:, reported that "after six weeks of fighting efforts to oust him as president ... Wolfowitz began today to negotiate the terms of his possible resignation, in return for the bank dropping or softening the charge that he had engaged in misconduct ..." After expressions from the Bush administration that it "fully" supported Wolfowitz as World Bank president and its urging a "fair hearing" for him, President Bush expressed "regret" at Wolfowitz's impending resignation. 2233: 5543: 5533: 5524: 1483: 5841: 1471: 1834: 33: 1783:." Wolfowitz believed that the operation would require minimal troop deployment, Hersh explains, because "any show of force would immediately trigger a revolt against Saddam within Iraq, and that it would quickly expand." The financial expenditure would be kept low, Kampfner observes, if "under the plan American troops would seize the oil fields around Basra, in the South, and sell the oil to finance the opposition." 1347:

the people in the south and in the north who were rising up against him, while American fighter pilots flew overhead, desperately eager to shoot down those helicopters, and not allowed to do so." During that hearing, he also stated: "Some people might say—and I think I would sympathise with this view—that perhaps if we had delayed the ceasefire by a few more days, we might have got rid of Saddam Hussein."

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take the lion's share of the blame for Indonesia's financial collapse. The Suharto children's favored position became a major obstacle to the measures needed to restore economic confidence. Worst of all, they ensured that the economic crisis would be a political crisis as well. That he allowed this, and that he amassed such wealth himself, is all the more mysterious since he lived a relatively modest life.

1629:, "from that moment on, he and Wolfowitz used every available opportunity to press the case." The idea was initially rejected, at the behest of Secretary of State Colin Powell, but, according to Kampfner, "Undeterred Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz held secret meetings about opening up a second front—against Saddam. Powell was excluded." In such meetings they created a policy that would later be dubbed the 1680:. Wolfowitz stated, "We're clearly moving into a different phase, where our priority in Afghanistan is increasingly going to be stability and reconstruction. There's no way to go too fast. Faster is better." Despite the promises, according to Hersh, "little effort to provide the military and economic resources" necessary for reconstruction was made. This criticism would also re-occur after the 1099:, and Wolfowitz used the Chinese incentive as an opportunity to undermine Kissinger's foreign policy toward China. Instead, Wolfowitz advocated a unilateralist policy, claiming that the US did not need China's assistance but that the Chinese needed the US to protect them against the far more-likely prospect of a Soviet invasion of the Chinese mainland. Wolfowitz soon came into conflict with 2219: 1728:, "Emboldened by their experience in Afghanistan, they saw the opportunity to root out hostile regimes in the Middle East and to implant very American interpretations of democracy and free markets, from Iraq to Iran and Saudi Arabia. Wolfowitz epitomised this view." Wolfowitz "saw a liberated Iraq as both paradigm and linchpin for future interventions." The 2009:, the then-current chair of the committee emphasized that he was not informed at the time of the details or extent of the present and future raises built into the agreement with Riza. Wolfowitz referred to the controversy concerning his relationship with Riza in a statement posted on the website of the World Bank at the time (April 12, 2007). 2104:

Wolfowitz appeared before the World Bank Group's board of executive directors to respond on May 15. Adams speculated that "With Mr Wolfowitz so far refusing to step down, the board may need to take radical action to break the stalemate. Members have discussed a range of options, including sacking Mr

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This embittered letter remained a closely guarded secret, although a former high official of the CIA told me about it. Chris Nelson also reported it on April 16 in his widely respected, nonpartisan foreign policy newsletter: "A certain Ms. Riza was even then Wolfowitz's true love. The problem for the

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There has been a good deal of comment—some of it quite outlandish—about what our postwar requirements might be in Iraq. Some of the higher end predictions we have been hearing recently, such as the notion that it will take several hundred thousand U.S. troops to provide stability in post-Saddam Iraq,

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that he "took a keen personal interest in development, including health care, agriculture and private sector expansion" and that "Wolfowitz canceled food assistance to the Indonesian government out of concern that Suharto's family, which had an ownership interest in the country's only flour mill, was

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The B-Team demonstrated that it was possible to construct a sharply different view of Soviet motivation from the consensus view of the analysts and one that provided a much closer fit to the Soviets' observed behavior (and also provided a much better forecast of subsequent behavior up to and through

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concluded that it was "a potentially fatal blow" to Wolfowitz. In contrast, Fox News concluded that the new documents might offer Wolfowitz a "new lifeline" in the scandal, because the bank's ethics committee had launched a review of the Riza compensation case in early 2006 and concluded that it did

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In the early 1990s, Riza joined the National Endowment for Democracy and is credited there with development of the organization's Middle East program. Wolfowitz was on the endowment's board—which is how Riza first met him, according to Turkish journalist Cengiz Candar, a friend of the couple. "Shaha

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that oil revenue earned by Iraq alone would pay for Iraq's reconstruction after the Iraq war; he testified his "rough recollection" was: "The oil revenues of that country could bring between $ 50 and $ 100 billion over the course of the next two or three years. Now, there are a lot of claims on that

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in 2001 were a turning point in administration policy, as Wolfowitz later explained: "9/11 really was a wake up call and that if we take proper advantage of this opportunity to prevent the future terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction that it will have been an extremely valuable wake up call,"

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Mann points out that "the Reagan administration's decision to support democratic government in the Philippines had been hesitant, messy, crisis-driven and skewed by the desire to do what was necessary to protect the American military installations." Following massive street protests, Marcos fled the

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The team's 1976 report, which was leaked to the press, stated that "all the evidence points to an undeviating Soviet commitment to what is euphemistically called the 'worldwide triumph of socialism,' but in fact connotes global Soviet hegemony", highlighting a number of key areas where they believed

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Riza, an Arab feminist who confounds portrayals of Wolfowitz as a leader of a "Zionist conspiracy" of Jewish neoconservatives in Washington ... works as the bank's senior gender co-ordinator for the Middle East and North Africa ... not only shares Wolfowitz's passion for spreading democracy in the

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Although it is fashionable to blame all of Asia's present problems on corruption and the failure of Asian values, it is at bottom a case of a bubble bursting, of too many imprudent lenders chasing too many incautious borrowers. But the greed of Mr. Suharto's children ensured that their father would

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Although most governments in the world are, as they always have been, autocracies of one kind or another, no idea holds greater sway in the mind of educated Americans than the belief that it is possible to democratize governments, anytime, anywhere, under any circumstances ... (But) decades, if not

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On February 25, 1998, Wolfowitz testified before a congressional committee that he thought that "the best opportunity to overthrow Saddam was, unfortunately, lost in the month right after the war." Wolfowitz added that he was horrified in March as "Saddam Hussein flew helicopters that slaughtered

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The job of finding WMD and providing justification for the attack would fall to the intelligence services, but, according to Kampfner, "Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz believed that, while the established security services had a role, they were too bureaucratic and too traditional in their thinking." As a

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Wolfowitz's appointment to Indonesia was not an immediately obvious match. He was a Jew representing America in the largest Muslim republic in the world, an advocate of democracy in Suharto's dictatorship. But Wolfowitz's tenure as Ambassador was a notable success, largely because, in essence, he

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Wolfowitz initially proposed to the World Bank's Ethics Committee that he recuse himself from personnel matters regarding Riza, but the committee rejected that proposal. Riza was "seconded to the State Department", or placed on "external assignment", assigned "a job at the state department under

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on February 25, 2003, that "something in the order of several hundred thousand soldiers" would probably be required for postwar Iraq. By contrast, Wolfowitz estimated that fewer than 100,000 troops would be necessary in Iraq. Two days after Shinseki testified, Wolfowitz said to the House Budget

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law firm to oversee an investigation into the leaking of internal bank documents to Fox News. Those reports cite an internal memo to the bank staff later posted on the internet, dated April 9, 2007, in which the World Bank's general counsel, Ana Palacio, states that the bank's legal staff was

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Wolfowitz gave special emphasis to two particular issues. Identifying Sub-Saharan Africa as the region most challenged to improve living standards, he traveled widely in the region. He also made clear his focus on fighting corruption. Several aspects of the latter program raised controversy.

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The relationship created further controversy over Wolfowitz's nomination to head the World Bank, because the bank's ethics rules preclude sexual relationships between a manager and a staff member serving under that manager, even if one reports to the other only indirectly through a chain of

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published on the website of Fox News on January 31 and March 27, 2007. A day after the second report published by Behar, on March 28, 2007, Kamen had disclosed that "Bank records obtained by the Government Accountability Project" documented pay raises in excess of Bank policies given to

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was offering the dictator support in his conflict with Iran. James Mann points out: "quite a few neo-conservatives, like Wolfowitz, believed strongly in democratic ideals; they had taken from the philosopher Leo Strauss the notion that there is a moral duty to oppose a leader who is a

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to whom he was romantically linked. A Reuters report described his tenure there as "a protracted battle over his stewardship, prompted by his involvement in a high-paying promotion for his companion". Wolfowitz is the only World Bank president to have resigned over a scandal.

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Wolfowitz narrowly escaped an attack when six rockets hit the floors below his room. Army Lt. Col. Charles H. Buehring was killed and seventeen other soldiers were wounded. Wolfowitz and his DOD staffers escaped unharmed and returned to the United States on October 28, 2003.

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Several of Wolfowitz's initial appointments at the bank proved controversial, including two US nationals (Robin Cleveland and Kevin Kellems) formerly with the Bush administration, whom he appointed as close advisors with $ 250,000 tax-free contracts. Another appointee,

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based in the U.S. Defense Department." According to an unnamed Pentagon source quoted by Hersh, the OSP "was created in order to find evidence of what Wolfowitz and his boss, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, believed to be true—that Saddam Hussein had close ties to

860:. Ikle brought in a new team that included Wolfowitz. While at ACDA, Wolfowitz wrote research papers and drafted testimony, as he had previously done at the Committee to Maintain a Prudent Defense Policy. He traveled with Ikle to strategic arms limitations talks in 1959:

When Wolfowitz was considered for head of the CIA after the 2000 election, Clare Wolfowitz wrote President-elect George Bush a letter telling him that her husband's relationship with a foreign national—Riza—posed a national security risk. It has been reported that

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Mr. Wolfowitz is willing to speak the truth to power ... he saw earlier than most, and spoke publicly about, the need for dictators to plan democratic transitions. It is the world's dictators who are the chief causes of world poverty. If anyone can stand up to the

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Prior to the invasion, Wolfowitz actively championed it, as he later stated: "For reasons that have a lot to do with the U.S. government bureaucracy we settled on the one issue that everyone could agree on which was weapons of mass destruction as the core reason"

1946:, journalists reported that Wolfowitz was involved in a relationship with World Bank Senior Communications Officer (and Acting Manager of External Affairs) for the Middle East and North Africa Regional Office Shaha Ali Riza. According to Richard Leiby, of 935:", ignoring the "political, demographic, and economic rot" already eating away at the Soviet system. Wolfowitz reportedly had a central role in Team B, mostly focused on analyzing the role that medium-range missiles played in Soviet military strategy. 1812:

are wildly off the mark. It is hard to conceive that it would take more forces to provide stability in post-Saddam Iraq than it would take to conduct the war itself and to secure the surrender of Saddam's security forces and his army—hard to imagine.

1412:. He was instrumental in adding more than $ 75 million to the university's endowment, developing an international finance concentration as part of the curriculum, and combining the various Asian studies programs into one department. He also advised 1857:

also opposed Wolfowitz: "It's time for other candidates to come forward that have experience in development. This is a position on which hundreds of millions of people depend for their lives ... Let's have a proper leadership of professionalism."

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troops, planes and ships to assist. Wolfowitz rebuffed the offer, saying: "We can do everything we need to." Wolfowitz later announced publicly, according to Kampfner, "that 'allies, coalitions and diplomacy' were of little immediate concern."

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Sipress and Nakashima reported that "Wolfowitz's colleagues and friends, both Indonesian and American" pointed to the "U.S. envoy's quiet pursuit of political and economic reforms in Indonesia." Dewi Fortuna Anwar, a foreign policy adviser to

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On April 16, 2002, the National Solidarity Rally for Israel was called in Washington to promote US support and collaboration with Israel. Wolfowitz was the sole representative of the Bush administration to attend, speaking alongside Former

1717:(JTA) that Wolfowitz continued by saying that "Innocent Palestinians are suffering and dying as well. It is critical that we recognize and acknowledge that fact," before being booed and drowned out by chants of "No more Arafat." 1279:, on October 18, 2002, then Deputy Secretary of Defense Wolfowitz observed that "the reason the terrorists are successful in Indonesia is because the Suharto regime fell and the methods that were used to suppress them are gone." 1955:

was married at the time and Paul was married," Candar recalled, and it wasn't until late 1999—after Riza divorced and Wolfowitz had separated from his wife of 30 years, Clare Selgin Wolfowitz—that the couple began dating."

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on the day of the attacks, Rumsfeld asked, "Why shouldn't we go against Iraq, not just al-Qaeda?" with Wolfowitz adding that Iraq was a "brittle, oppressive regime that might break easily—it was doable," and, according to

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the invasion of Afghanistan). The formal presentation of the competing views in a session out at Langley also made clear that the enormous experience and expertise of the B-Team as a group were formidable."

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hearing, stating that the current administration lacked the sense of purpose to "liberate ourselves, our friends and allies in the region, and the Iraqi people themselves from the menace of Saddam Hussein."

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not warrant any further attention by the committee. Wolfowitz failed, on April 19, 2007, to attend a high-profile meeting and the controversy led to disruption at the World Bank when some employees wore

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Wolfowitz, issuing a vote of no confidence or reprimanding him. Some board members argue that a vote of no confidence would make it impossible for him to stay in the job." By Wednesday, May 16, 2007,

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said: "'The World Bank will once again become a hate figure. This could bring street protests and violence across the developing world.'" In a speech at the U.N. Economic and Social Council, economist

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adding: "if we say our only problem was to respond to 9/11, and we wait until somebody hits us with nuclear weapons before we take that kind of threat seriously, we will have made a very big mistake."

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went native. With tutoring help from his driver, he learned the language, and hurled himself into the culture. He attended academic seminars, climbed volcanoes, and toured the neighborhoods of Jakarta.

1150:; although Kirkpatrick had been forced to speak out in favor of democracy, the article continued to influence Reagan's policy toward Marcos. Following the assassination of Philippine opposition leader 775:: "Paul thinks the way Albert thinks." In the summer of 1969, Wohlstetter arranged for Wolfowitz, Perle and Peter Wilson to join the Committee to Maintain a Prudent Defense Policy which was set up by 6628: 2862: 2051:

reported that, in a 2005 memorandum, Wolfowitz had personally directed the bank's human resources chief to offer Riza a large pay rise and promotion, according to two anonymous sources who told the

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According to Kampfner, "Wolfowitz used his perch at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies as a test-bed for a new conservative world vision." Wolfowitz was associated with the

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that Wolfowitz launched his boldest challenge to the established order." After Nixon and Kissinger had gone to China in the early 1970s, US policy was to make concessions to China as an essential

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predicted that "Paul D. Wolfowitz, the director of policy planning ... will be replaced", because "Mr. Haig found Mr. Wolfowitz too theoretical." Instead, on June 25, 1982, Haig was replaced by

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In 2005, he left the Pentagon to serve as president of the World Bank only to resign after two years over a scandal involving allegations he used his position to help World Bank staffer

3510: 6683: 1249:, Suharto's successor as head of state (1998–99), stated "that Wolfowitz was a competent and popular envoy." But "he never intervened to push human rights or stand up to corruption." 994:: "He said it was not he who changed his political philosophy so much as the Democratic Party, which abandoned the hard-headed internationalism of Harry Truman, Kennedy and Jackson." 1446:, advocating the redeployment of US troops in permanent bases in strategic locations throughout the world where they can be ready to act to protect US interests abroad. During the 2816: 4788: 1123: 303: 946:

intermediary, which detailed the proposed sale of U.S. weapons to an Arab government. An inquiry was launched, but the probe was later dropped and Wolfowitz was never charged.

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Colin Powell and President Bush. Defense Secretary Cheney produced a revised plan released in 1992. Many of the ideas in the Wolfowitz Doctrine later became part of the

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On May 17, 2007, the World Bank Group's board of Executive Directors announced that Paul Wolfowitz would resign as World Bank Group president at the end of June 2007.

5827: 1339:, Wolfowitz's team coordinated and reviewed military strategy, raising $ 50 billion in allied financial support for the operation. Wolfowitz was present with Cheney, 1013:

formed the administration's foreign policy advisory team. Allen initially rejected Wolfowitz's appointment but following discussions, instigated by former colleague

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for providing intelligence to an Israeli government official while he was still an employee at ACDA. He was accused of handing over a classified document, via an

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of "Wolfowitz interview with the San Francisco Chronicle", conducted by Robert Collier, "Presenter: Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz", press release,

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published on a series of investigative stories on the World Bank, based in part on leaks of internal bank documents. On April 11, 2007, Reuters and Al Kamen in

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From 1994 to 2001, Wolfowitz served as Professor of International Relations and Dean of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at

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money, but ... We are dealing with a country that can really finance its own reconstruction and relatively soon." By October of that year, "

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Bazbauers, Adrian Robert. "The wolfensohn, wolfowitz, and zoellick presidencies: Revitalising the neoliberal agenda of the world bank."

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Ten months later, on January 15, 2003, with hostilities still continuing, Wolfowitz made a fifteen-hour visit to the Afghan capital,

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At that time, the official administration line was "containment", and the contents of Wolfowitz's plan calling for "preemption" and "

1007: 557: 91: 5990: 4246: 2124:, Wolfowitz has blogged for the group and appeared in group events. In 2011, he wrote columns that appeared in publications such as 1154:

in 1983, many within the Reagan administration including the President himself began to fear that the Philippines could fall to the

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and other agencies were underestimating the threat from the Soviet Union, either by intentionally tailoring intelligence to support

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and others, on February 27, 1991, at the meeting with the President where it was decided that the troops should be demobilised.

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or by simply failing to give enough weight to darker interpretations of Soviet intentions." Attempting to counter these claims,

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that they had seen the memo. The memo was part of a package of 102 pages of documents released by the bank on April 14, 2007.

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policies to eliminate family planning from World Bank programs. According to Nicole Gaouette, in her report published in the

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that followed the invasion, Wolfowitz denied influencing policy on Iraq and disclaimed responsibility. He is a leading

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Davis, Jack. "Paul Wolfowitz on Intelligence Policy-Relations" (CIA Center For The Study Of Intelligence, 1996)

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alongside more traditional Democratic causes, such as social welfare programs, civil rights, and labor unions.

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Bush's Brain Trust Had a Grand Plan for the Middle East. The Results Are Coming Home Every Day in Body Bags",

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of London also reported on his wife's letter when Wolfowitz was appointed president of the World Bank in 2005.

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Following the invasion of Afghanistan the Bush administration had started to plan for the next stage of the

1713:"wants you to know that he stands in solidarity with you". Sharon Samber and Matthew E. Berger reported for 1605:

administration, Wolfowitz served as U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense reporting to U.S. Secretary of Defense

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On May 14, 2007, the World Bank committee investigating the alleged ethics violations reported (in part):

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Arab world, but is said to have reinforced his determination to remove Saddam Hussein's oppressive regime.

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World Bank Group's board of executive directors and staffers complained also that Wolfowitz was imposing

1915:, faced criticism, including from his colleagues, for attempting to bring policies on climate change and 1753: 1018: 584: 356: 5787: 4550: 3892:"Dominique Strauss-Kahn, Anwar Ibrahim, and Paul Wolfowitz: The Woman Troubles of Men Who Oversee Money" 3163: 2298: 6623: 6226: 6065: 5499: 5489: 5484: 5434: 5399: 5389: 5384: 5354: 5329: 5274: 5229: 4709:. Search result in obsolete directory of "The President and His Leadership Team". Accessed May 4, 2007. 4314: 3753: 3654: 3531: 3461: 3389: 2681: 1527: 761:

Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East: The Politics and Economics of Proposals for Nuclear Desalting

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Repeated Absence of References to Birth Control in Internal Reports Alarms Women's Health Advocates",

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the government's intelligence analysts had failed. According to Jack Davis, Wolfowitz observed later:

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served as a faculty mentor living in the house. In August 1963, he and his mother participated in the

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result, "they set up what came to be known as the 'cabal', a cell of eight or nine analysts in a new

1714: 4214: 3556: 2895: 6688: 6070: 6008: 5878: 5344: 5334: 5314: 5304: 5259: 5254: 5035: 4965: 2186: 1409: 981: 3432: 1170:. Wolfowitz tried to change the administration's policy, stating in an April 15, 1985, article in 6525: 6486: 6176: 6045: 5632: 5414: 5369: 5349: 4289: 4118: 3858: 3774: 3561: 3019: 2867: 2197: 1863: 1780: 1757: 1741: 1262: 1172: 1167: 3444: 6568: 6515: 6491: 6459: 5980: 5707: 5617: 5070: 2730: 2723: 2029: 1901: 1689: 1511: 1435: 649: 465: 5556: 4603:

Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz

3209: 3093: 2576: 1287: 6410: 6373: 5956: 5692: 4275: 3600: 3255: 2970: 2190: 1885: 1772: 1765: 1729: 1681: 1229: 1034: 756: 657: 612: 512: 4728:"Statement by Paul Wolfowitz, President of the World Bank Group WB/IMF Spring Meetings 2007" 3876:"Statement by Paul Wolfowitz, President of the World Bank Group WB/IMF Spring Meetings 2007" 2829: 1550: 1534: 1518: 1498: 1106:, who had been Kissinger's assistant at the time of the visits to China. On March 30, 1982, 1047:

centuries, are normally required for people to acquire the necessary disciplines and habits.

6563: 6537: 6438: 6337: 5712: 5647: 5564: 5095: 5045: 4798: 3795: 2890: 2788: 1889: 1613: 1163: 1029: 828: 752: 520: 4195: 4097: 3116: 3033: 3007: 1117: 8: 6511: 6424: 6417: 6136: 5951: 5858: 5767: 5752: 5642: 5527: 4958: 4771: 3505: 3483: 3372: 1841:

In March 2005, Wolfowitz was nominated to be president of the World Bank by US President

1142: 990: 932: 691: 644:

In the mid-1960s, while they were both undergraduate students at Cornell residing at the

549: 401: 348: 4585: 3576:"Wolfowitz Clashed Repeatedly With World Bank Staff: Tenure as President Has Been Rocky" 3271: 2081: 1912: 1184:

where they called for democratic reforms and met with non-communist opposition leaders.

771:. Wohlstetter became Wolfowitz's "mentor". In the words of Wolfowitz's future colleague 6286: 5911: 5893: 5863: 5687: 5050: 4884: 4504: 4169: 3071: 2830:"Cyberpedia Library: Jackson, Henry M. 'Scoop' (1912–1983): HistoryLink.org Essay 5516" 2655: 2181: 1692: 1475: 1359: 1308: 1151: 768: 729: 713: 624: 503: 295: 4625:

Milne, David. "Intellectualism in US diplomacy: Paul Wolfowitz and his predecessors."

1370:

Before this classified document was fully vetted by the White House, it was leaked to

575:

Having proposed a plan to invade Iraq in 2001, Wolfowitz was an early advocate of the

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In 1980, Wolfowitz resigned from the Pentagon and became a visiting professor at the

903: 883:, the American intelligence agencies came under attack over their annually published 791: 745: 336: 283: 271: 215: 146: 4634:

Foreclosing the Future: The World Bank and the Politics of Environmental Destruction

2515: 1189: 6542: 6445: 6431: 6327: 6246: 6221: 6151: 5921: 5853: 5717: 5682: 5612: 5075: 5060: 4989: 4894: 4732: 4700: 4231: 4175: 3331: 3175: 2949: 2544: 2259: 2224: 2140: 1799: 1792: 1699: 1455: 1358:

wrote the "Defense Planning Guidance of 1992" (DPG), which came to be known as the

1137: 1010: 835: 831: 744:. Against his father's wishes, Wolfowitz decided to go to graduate school to study 737: 733: 668: 629: 620: 507: 71: 3760:, May 2, 2007, A8, Retrieved May 8, 2007 (restricted access; free preview); rpt. 2466: 1900:, Wolfowitz was present with other world leaders at the press conference given by 579:

and has widely been described as an architect of the war. In the aftermath of the

6171: 6116: 6050: 6031: 5961: 5941: 5916: 5883: 5868: 5085: 5055: 4942: 4911: 4825: 4716: 4670: 4406: 4361: 4342: 4085: 4023: 4012: 3972: 3898: 3708: 3677: 3538: 3170: 3150:

Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategies, Forces and Resources for a New Century

3123: 3100: 3040: 3014: 2808: 2779: 2238: 2169: 2047: 1916: 1850: 1821: 1606: 1559: 1491: 1444:

Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategies, Forces and Resources for a New Century

1363: 1060: 892: 795: 717: 687: 683: 679: 675: 608: 588: 239: 187: 122: 83: 4618:

Milne, David. "Paul Wolfowitz and the promise of American power, 1969–2001." on

1752:

Within months of being set up, the OSP "rivaled both the CIA and the Pentagon's

1176:

that "The best antidote to Communism is democracy." Wolfowitz and his assistant

962:. He was US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Regional Programs for the 6271: 6266: 6261: 6216: 6201: 6186: 6146: 6121: 5936: 5931: 5873: 5777: 5772: 5762: 5722: 5702: 5697: 5065: 5040: 4527: 3817: 3112: 3089: 2283: 1881: 1842: 1710: 1696: 1602: 1539: 1487: 1451: 1362:, to "set the nation's direction for the next century." As military strategist 1103: 1052: 653: 627:. As a student at Cornell, Wolfowitz was profoundly impacted by John Hershey's 516: 112: 3966:"World Bank Launches Probe Into Leak of Confidential Documents to FOXNews.com" 3835: 3153:, Project for the New American Century, September 2000, accessed May 14, 2007. 3126:

Project for the New American Century, January 26, 1998, accessed May 24, 2007.

2801: 2425: 1566: 949: 568:(SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University. He is currently a visiting scholar at the 6557: 6531: 6332: 6322: 6301: 6291: 6251: 6241: 6236: 6211: 6161: 6156: 6131: 6085: 6075: 6055: 5727: 5677: 5667: 5622: 5607: 5101: 4074: 4001: 3935: 3312: 3251: 3205: 3076: 2034: 1961: 1873: 1854: 1776: 1761: 1725: 1721: 1630: 1626: 1555: 1507: 1387: 1379: 1355: 1246: 1159: 1111: 1003: 911: 849: 799: 772: 436: 377: 324: 267: 5597: 3103:, Project for the New American Century, June 3, 1997, accessed May 27, 2007. 1880:

He was confirmed and became president on June 1, 2005. He soon attended the

1660:, then Secretary-General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, went to 694:. He was reportedly the model for a minor character named Philip Gorman in 667:. Their relationship led to controversy later, during his presidency of the 6506: 6501: 6452: 6296: 6111: 6106: 6080: 5946: 5737: 5672: 5090: 4835: 4754: 4528:"Ex-USTBC chair receives presidential medal for promoting Taiwan-U.S. ties" 4483: 4200: 4181: 3737:"Profile: Paul Wolfowitz: Hawk with a Lot of Loot Needs a Bit of Lady Luck" 2609: 2204: 2151: 1983: 1798:

During Wolfowitz's pre-war testimony before Congress, he dismissed General

1677: 1661: 1340: 1304: 1077: 959: 955: 839: 784: 389: 134: 4808: 4017:"World Bank Anticorruption Drive Blunted as China Threatens to Halt Loans" 3315:, "Presenter: Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz", press release, 3289:"Speakers Stick to Consensus Theme at National Solidarity Rally for Israel 227: 6393: 6317: 6256: 6231: 6191: 6166: 5969: 5657: 2064: 1846: 1645: 1459: 1332: 1312: 1177: 1133: 1014: 880: 869: 838:, Jackson supported higher military spending and a hard line against the 764: 741: 721: 695: 634: 4651: 4595: 2232: 1837:

Press conference at G8 Summit (Paul Wolfowitz standing at rear on right)

1188:

country on a US Air Force plane and the US recognized the government of

790:

While finishing his dissertation, Wolfowitz taught in the department of

6519: 6141: 5757: 5732: 5662: 5106: 4981: 4590:

Hanlon, Joseph. "Wolfowitz, the World Bank, and illegitimate lending."

4434:"Wolfowitz, Jeb Bush Foreign Policy Adviser, Plays Up Reagan Influence" 4355:"A Conversation with Libyan National Council Representative Ali Aujali" 3368: 3356: 2039: 2002: 1943: 1942:

After President George W. Bush nominated Wolfowitz as president of the

1937: 1904: 1482: 1252:

Officials involved in the USAID program during Wolfowitz's tenure told

1155: 1118:

State Department Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs

1073: 780: 700: 664: 595: 553: 4676: 4641:

Paul D. Wolfowitz: Visionary intellectual, policymaker, and strategist

2405: 1470: 896: 611:(b. Warsaw; 1910–1981) and Lillian Dundes, Paul Wolfowitz was born in 6276: 4707:"Paul Wolfowitz – Department of Defense, Deputy Secretary of Defense" 4418:"The Pro-Freedom Republicans Are Coming: 131 Sign Gay-Marriage Brief" 4240: 2871:

39.5 (1996):35–42, accessed May 21, 2007. ("Jack Davis served in the

1861:

In the US, there was some praise for the nomination. An editorial in

1833: 907: 873: 857: 638: 3796:"Wolfowitz Under Fire After Partner Receives Promotion and Pay Rise" 2954:"Indonesian Rights Groups Denounce Wolfowitz' World Bank Nomination" 1431:", and its January 26, 1998, open letter to President Bill Clinton. 6281: 6196: 3275: 2162: 2021: 1746: 1649: 1634: 1413: 1351: 1336: 1316: 1095:

ally. The Chinese were now pushing for the US to end arms sales to

1092: 776: 576: 6000: 4632:

Rich, Bruce. "The Brief, Broken Presidency of Paul Wolfowitz." in

4354: 4335: 2407:

To Start a War: How the Bush Administration took America into Iraq

931:

Team B's conclusions have faced criticism. They have been called "

6629:

Assistant Secretaries of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs

4663: 4455: 4079:"Documents May Give Wolfowitz New Lifeline in World Bank Scandal" 3882:, April 12, 2007, Retrieved May 1, 2007. (Video and audio links.) 3258:

Donald Rumsfeld Has His Own Special Sources. Are they reliable?"

2028:, reported that Wolfowitz and the World Bank board had hired the 2015: 1817: 1225: 887:. According to James Mann, "The underlying issue was whether the 852:, under pressure from Senator Jackson, dismissed the head of the 32: 6679:

Members of the Jewish Institute for National Security of America

4740:, April 12, 2007. Accessed May 1, 2007. (Video and audio links.) 1876:

of the world, it must be the man who stood up to Saddam Hussein.

1028:

President Reagan's foreign policy was heavily influenced by the

763:. At the University of Chicago, Wolfowitz took two courses with 5586: 4789:

Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs

4680: 4307:"The Friend of My Enemy is My Enemy « the Enterprise Blog" 3624:, April 24, 2007, updated April 25, 2007, accessed May 2, 2007. 1893: 1442:

In September 2000, the PNAC produced a 90-page report entitled

1181: 1124:

Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs

1096: 1081: 997: 915: 888: 865: 816: 304:

Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs

3408:"Pentagon Contradicts General on Iraq Occupation Force's Size" 3367:, October 5, 2003. Retrieved September 5, 2010. Referenced in 2720: 2185:

commenting on a "dissent cable" that had been signed by 1,000

2168:

In August 2016, Wolfowitz announced his intention to vote for

4950: 4479:"Amb. Wolfowitz Raises Concerns About Surveillance and Putin" 3058:

Transcript of hearing, Committee on International Relations,

2708:, May 10, 2007, Retrieved May 10, 2007. (Page 2 of 3 pages.) 1673: 1543: 1523: 1323:

From 1989 to 1993, Wolfowitz served in the administration of

1217: 1088: 861: 4693:"Biography: Paul Wolfowitz: President, The World Bank Group" 4451:"Former Bush adviser Wolfowitz to vote for Clinton: Spiegel" 3500:"Stiglitz warns of violence if Wolfowitz goes to World Bank" 1224:

From 1986 to 1989, during the military-backed government of

798:

from 1970 to 1972; one of his students was future colleague

623:, where his father was a professor of statistical theory at 3045: 2540:"Statements of Executive Directors and President Wolfowitz" 2161:

In February 2015, Wolfowitz advised presidential candidate

1931: 1849:

in Economics and former chief economist for the World Bank

1665: 1056: 950:

Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Regional Programs

876:

that could be diverted into a clandestine weapons program.

821:

In the 1970s, Wolfowitz and Perle served as aides to proto-

532: 5018:

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

4215:"Wolfowitz Said to Be Working On Deal for His Resignation" 3557:"Banking on Wolfowitz: And You Thought Iraq Was Difficult" 1450:

campaign, Wolfowitz served as a foreign policy advisor to

1195: 1122:

In 1982, Secretary of State Shultz appointed Wolfowitz as

6684:

Members of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group

4162: 4006:"Wolfowitz vs. the World Bank Board: It's Trench Warfare" 2977:, November 1, 2004, accessed November 26, 2014 (7 pages). 2441:"10 Years On, Paul Wolfowitz Admits U.S. Bungled in Iraq" 1703: 4719: (archived May 2, 2006) – Archived biography at the 3940:"World Bank Launches Internal Probe to Root Out Leakers" 3379:, September 4, 2010 (September 5, 2010, p. WK8, NY ed.). 2122:

American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research

2058:

On April 14, 2007, after reviewing these documents, the

674:

Wolfowitz speaks five languages in addition to English:

656:. They married in 1968, had three children and lived in 4026:, Fox News, March 27, 2007, both accessed May 14, 2007. 3913:, Robert E. Kelly. May 25, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011 3762:

2-2007/ "World Bank Ex-Board Member Disputes Wolfowitz"

3311:

of telephone interview of Paul Wolfowitz, conducted by

2139:

Wolfowitz is a former steering committee member of the

1282: 1260:

In "The Tragedy of Suharto", published in May 1998, in

4933:

Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies

3824: 3782:, May 7, 2007, Washington Wire, Retrieved May 8, 2007. 2935:

Rise of the Vulcans: the history of Bush's war cabinet

2886:"FBI probes DOD office - (United Press International)" 2755:

Rise of the Vulcans: the history of Bush's war cabinet

2725:

America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy

1987:

on March 20, 2005, despite their cultural differences:

1114:

as US Secretary of State, and Wolfowitz was promoted.

1051:

Wolfowitz broke from this official line by denouncing

978:

Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies

810: 566:

Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies

155:

Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies

6724:

United States Under Secretaries of Defense for Policy

4998:

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

4723:. Last updated: March 16, 2005. Accessed May 2, 2007. 4622:(Manchester University Press, 2017) pp. 159–192. 3925:, Business Live. June 6, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011 3859:"Wolfowitz Loses Ground in Fight for World Bank Post" 3844:, "strictly confidential" documents posted online at 3813:"Wolfowitz Says He Won't Quit, Calls Charges 'Bogus'" 3768:, May 2, 2007, Retrieved May 8, 2007; cf. Greg Hitt, 2716: 2714: 1845:. Criticism of his nomination appeared in the media. 1216:

U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia Paul Wolfowitz, wearing

1206:

United States Ambassador to the Republic of Indonesia

552:

and diplomat who served as the 10th President of the

4059:"Wolfowitz Laid Out Terms for Partner’s Pay Package" 3256:"Annals of National Security Selective Intelligence: 2682:"The Next Crusade: Paul Wolfowitz at the World Bank" 2214: 2033:

scrutinizing two articles by investigative reporter

4643:(Greenwood, 2007), aq standard scholarly biography. 4613:

Kingmakers: The Invention of the Modern Middle East

4290:"'Second Chance' at Career Goes Sour for Wolfowitz" 4098:"Wolfowitz Absent As World Bank Board Decides Fate" 3635:"Special 'relationship' Behind US West Asia policy" 2985: 2983: 2838:

The Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History

2067:"in a display of defiance against his leadership." 1968:also reported on the letter Clare Wolfowitz wrote: 4088:, Fox News, April 14, 2007, accessed May 14, 2007. 3986:"Under Flood of Criticism, Looking to Plug a Leak" 3975:, Fox News, April 11, 2007, accessed May 16, 2007. 3498: 3336:"Wolfowitz Comments Revive Doubts Over Iraq's WMD" 2865:Paul Wolfowitz on Intelligence-Policy Relations", 2722: 2711: 1311:, and Under Sec. Wolfowitz listen as Defense Sec. 637:. The rest of his father's family perished in the 3901:, New Ledger. May 16, 2011. Accessed June 9, 2011 3832:"Ethics Committee Case No 2 and President Papers" 3435:, CNN, October 26, 2003, accessed April 18, 2007. 3135:U.S. House Committee on International Relations, 2819:), updated April 19, 2007, accessed May 21, 2007. 2651:"The Busy Life of Being a Lightning Rod for Bush" 2191:President Trump's executive action on immigration 6555: 4551:"President Tsai confers honor on Paul Wolfowitz" 4267:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 4154:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3671:How Cheney took control of Bush's foreign policy 3618:"Wolfowitz Deputy Under Fire for Climate Change" 2980: 2637:107.1 (July/August 2004), accessed May 17, 2007. 2279:"Wolfowitz Joins Think Tank as Visiting Scholar" 1538:Dep. Sec. Wolfowitz is escorted by Army General 1427:(PNAC); he signed both the PNAC's June 3, 1997 " 1420:campaign, which was managed by Donald Rumsfeld. 4247:"Markets: Bush Expresses Regret Over Wolfowitz" 3911:"Can Asians become chief of IMF or World Bank?" 3754:"World Bank Ex-Board Member Disputes Wolfowitz" 3655:"Reliable Source: What Will the Neighbors Say?" 2559:"Wolfowitz Exit Seen Clearing Way for Progress" 2146:In February 2013, Wolfowitz publicly supported 1771:Kampfner outlined Wolfowitz's strategy for the 1656:began on October 7, 2001. On October 10, 2001, 1644:After the September 11 attacks, the US invaded 1434:In February 1998, Wolfowitz testified before a 1042:entitled "Dictatorships and Double Standards". 6369:Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs 4673:at the American Enterprise Institute's website 3958: 3790: 3788: 3661:, March 22, 2007, C-03, Retrieved May 1, 2007. 3479:"Shareholders' dismay at lack of consultation" 2971:"The Believer: Paul Wolfowitz Defends His War" 2016:Wolfowitz's leadership of the World Bank Group 1828: 1494:, and Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz in March 2003 1465: 369:February 13, 1981 – December 22, 1982 6594:Ambassadors of the United States to Indonesia 6016: 5813: 5572: 4966: 4713:"Paul Wolfowitz, Deputy Secretary of Defense" 4185:"), May 15, 2007, accessed November 17, 2008. 4053: 4051: 4049: 3934: 3727:, Sidney Blumenthal, Salon.com, May 24, 2007. 3302: 3139:, February 25, 1998, accessed April 18, 2007. 3062:, February 25, 1998, accessed April 17, 2007. 2696: 2694: 2599: 2597: 2179:In January 2017, Wolfowitz wrote an op-ed in 1204:Paul Wolfowitz (center) during his tenure as 720:in 1962 and 1963, while philosophy professor 6654:Ithaca High School (Ithaca, New York) alumni 4249:. Archived from the original on May 19, 2007 4136:. Archived from the original on May 18, 2007 4134:"Wolfowitz Rejects World Bank Ethics Ruling" 3848:, April 12, 2007, Retrieved April 14, 2007. 3743:, March 20, 2005, Retrieved April 18, 2007. 3680:, Craig Unger, Salon.com, November 9, 2007; 3582:, April 15, 2007: A12, accessed May 1, 2007. 3451:, October 27, 2003, accessed April 18, 2007. 3361:"Report Offered Bleak Outlook About Iraq Oil 3195:, February 23, 2002, accessed May 26, 2007. 2991:"Jakarta Tenure Offers Glimpse of Wolfowitz" 2516:"Wolfowitz Quits World Bank as U.S. Relents" 2012:The affair resurfaced in headlines in 2011. 998:State Department Director of Policy Planning 736:society. Wolfowitz graduated in 1965 with a 16:American politician and diplomat (born 1943) 5588:United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense 4646:Wolfowitz, Paul D. "Clinton's first year." 4279:, May 17, 2007, accessed November 19, 2008. 4244:, May 9, 2007, accessed November 17, 2008; 3785: 3641:, August 1, 2002, Retrieved April 18, 2007. 3590: 3588: 3468:, March 27, 2005, accessed January 3, 2009. 3399: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 1896:. When this meeting was interrupted by the 1397: 938:In 1978, Wolfowitz was investigated by the 646:Cornell Branch of the Telluride Association 316:December 22, 1982 – March 12, 1986 6023: 6009: 5820: 5806: 5579: 5565: 4973: 4959: 4236:"White House: Give Wolfowitz Fair Hearing" 4122:, April 20, 2007, accessed April 20, 2007. 4104:, April 19, 2007, accessed April 20, 2007. 4046: 3978: 3547:, April 16, 2007, accessed April 16, 2007. 3487:, March 16, 2005, accessed April 16, 2007. 3396:, March 21, 2005, accessed April 18, 2007. 3278:, April 15, 2002, accessed April 18, 2007. 2997:, March 28, 2005, accessed April 16, 2007. 2840:), August 19, 2003, accessed May 17, 2007. 2691: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2659:, April 22, 2002, accessed March 24, 2008. 2645: 2643: 2594: 2565:(UK), May 18, 2007, accessed May 18, 2007. 1652:, which had orchestrated the attack. The 1017:, Allen offered Wolfowitz the position of 31: 6719:Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star 6589:21st-century American non-fiction writers 4843:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense 4611:Meyer, Karl E. and Shareen Blair Brysac. 4497: 4114:"Wolfowitz's Troubles Disrupt World Bank" 3805: 3702:Libby and Wolfie: A Story of Reacharounds 3049:, October 1, 2003, accessed June 7, 2007. 2960:, March 22, 2005, accessed June 20, 2007. 2958:Alliance for Reform and Democracy in Asia 2924:, April 7, 2003, accessed April 16, 2007. 2918:"For Wolfowitz, a Vision May Be Realized" 2843: 2721:Ivo H. Daalder; James H. Lindsay (2005). 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2577:"World Bank Chief Paul Wolfowitz Resigns" 2254:Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1228:, Wolfowitz was the US Ambassador to the 1002:Following the 1980 election of President 92:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense 6609:American people of Polish-Jewish descent 6477:Timeline of modern American conservatism 5013:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 4500:"A Diplomat's Proper Channel of Dissent" 4282: 4207: 4125: 4065:, April 12, 2007, accessed May 14, 2007. 4043:, March 28, 2007, accessed May 10, 2007. 3995: 3992:, April 11, 2007, accessed May 16, 2007. 3928: 3868: 3865:, April 27, 2007, Retrieved May 1, 2007. 3802:, April 7, 2007, Retrieved May 2, 2007. 3649: 3647: 3627: 3585: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3324: 3299:), April 15, 2002, accessed May 3, 2007. 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3204: 3117:"Open letter to President Bill Clinton," 3083: 3026: 3023:, May 27, 1998, accessed April 16, 2007. 2760: 2513: 2196:In February 2023, Wolfowitz was awarded 2174:2016 United States presidential election 1932:Wolfowitz's relationship with Shaha Riza 1832: 1641:had advocated in their earlier letters. 1584: 1565: 1549: 1533: 1517: 1497: 1481: 1469: 1298: 1286: 1218:local Indonesian traditional Batik Shirt 1211: 1199: 619:immigrant family, and grew up mainly in 548:(born December 22, 1943) is an American 207:May 15, 1989 – January 19, 1993 6649:George W. Bush administration personnel 4498:Wolfowitz, Paul D. (January 31, 2017). 4196:"Angry Wolfowitz in Four-letter Tirade" 3821:, April 30, 2007, accessed May 2, 2007. 3730: 3612: 3610: 3604:, April 19, 2007, accessed May 1, 2007. 3596:"World Bank May Target Family Planning: 3568: 3405: 3182: 3179:, April 8, 2004, accessed May 19, 2007. 3142: 3106: 3052: 3000: 2945: 2943: 2863:"The Challenge of Managing Uncertainty: 2795: 2662: 2640: 2551: 2514:King, Neil; Hitt, Greg (May 18, 2007). 2438: 2379:"Wolfowitz Retreats on Al Qaeda Charge" 2321: 2319: 2271: 2148:legal recognition for same-sex marriage 1589:Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz departs the 1196:Ambassador to the Republic of Indonesia 759:, writing his doctoral dissertation on 6556: 5836:United States Ambassadors to Indonesia 4548: 4296:, May 18, 2007, accessed May 18, 2007. 4224: 4221:, May 16, 2007, accessed May 16, 2007. 4204:, May 15, 2007, accessed May 16, 2007. 4068: 4029: 3532:"Many Wary, Some Cheer Wolfowitz Pick" 3496: 3390:"Wolfowitz Strives To Quell Criticism" 2822: 2688:, April 9, 2007, accessed May 7, 2007. 2616: 2613:, April 1, 2005, accessed May 1, 2007. 2548:, May 17, 2007, accessed May 17, 2007. 2487: 2403: 2351: 2296: 2287:, July 3, 2007, accessed July 3, 2007. 1919:towards a more conservative position. 1786:On March 27, 2003, Wolfowitz told the 1620:In the first emergency meeting of the 767:. He completed his dissertation under 259:April 11, 1986 – May 12, 1989 6482:Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism 6364:Foundation for Defense of Democracies 6004: 5801: 5560: 5204: 5003:International Development Association 4954: 4875:United States Ambassador to Indonesia 4549:Madjar, Kayleigh (February 9, 2023). 4188: 3746: 3644: 3513:from the original on January 12, 2022 3345: 3342:, May 30, 2003, accessed May 8, 2007. 3321:, May 9, 2003, accessed May 2, 2007. 3287:Sharon Samber and Matthew E. Berger, 3262:, May 12, 2003, accessed May 8, 2007. 3228: 3198: 3156: 2963: 2910: 2855: 2533: 2354:"The Brains Behind Bush's War Policy" 2328:"Wolfowitz: Not Iraq War 'architect'" 2325: 1633:, centering on "pre-emption" and the 1504:Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff 1474:Wolfowitz and Dutch Foreign Minister 1384:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1331:, under then US Secretary of Defense 1329:Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 1293:Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 663:In late 1999, Wolfowitz began dating 247:United States Ambassador to Indonesia 195:Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 104:March 2, 2001 – June 1, 2005 61:June 1, 2005 – June 30, 2007 6664:Jewish American government officials 6574:21st-century American businesspeople 6354:Project for the New American Century 4816:Undersecretary of Defense for Policy 4525: 3607: 3525: 3034:"What the West Wants from Indonesia" 2940: 2467:"Wolfowitz to spread neo-con gospel" 2464: 2316: 2115: 1760:, or INC, the exile group headed by 1425:Project for the New American Century 1404:Project for the New American Century 1283:Undersecretary of Defense for Policy 6669:Jewish American non-fiction writers 6497:Idealism in international relations 6030: 4721:United States Department of Defense 3449:United States Department of Defense 3406:Schmitt, Eric (February 28, 2003). 3318:United States Department of Defense 3214:. Simon and Schuster. p. 156. 3193:United States Department of Defense 2297:keller, bill (September 22, 2002). 1390:. He left the government after the 1354:, Wolfowitz and his then-assistant 1074:Airborne Warning and Control System 1032:, as outlined in a 1979 article in 958:administration, Wolfowitz moved to 854:Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 811:Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 13: 6709:Presidents of the World Bank Group 6584:21st-century American male writers 4571: 4015:, Fox News, January 31, 2007, and 3272:"Thousands in US rally for Israel" 3137:"U.S. Options in Confronting Iraq" 3060:"U.S. Options in Confronting Iraq" 2989:Alan Sipress and Ellen Nakashima, 2894:. January 13, 2005. Archived from 2605:"Guardian Profile: Paul Wolfowitz" 2574: 2202:President of the Republic of China 1804:US Senate Armed Services Committee 1148:Dictatorships and Double Standards 14: 6740: 6704:Politicians from Ithaca, New York 6634:Businesspeople from New York City 6604:American male non-fiction writers 5008:International Finance Corporation 4902:President of the World Bank Group 4657: 4526:Teng, Pei-ju (February 8, 2023). 4440:, February 22, 2015, 3:09 PM CST. 4375:"AEI - Scholars - Paul Wolfowitz" 4336:"What Will 'Odyssey Dawn' Bring?" 4037:"In the Loop: Where the Money Is" 3923:"France's Lagarde leads IMF race" 3497:Peston, Robert (March 20, 2005). 3462:"Wolfowitz Picked for World Bank" 2465:Paul, Reynolds (March 17, 2005). 2352:Purdum, Todd (February 1, 2003). 2326:Topaz, Jonathan (June 17, 2014). 1676:, and met with the new president 1554:Wolfowitz, Rumsfeld, and General 1140:who quoted heavily from her 1979 1070:Palestine Liberation Organization 49:President of the World Bank Group 6674:Johns Hopkins University faculty 6359:National Endowment for Democracy 5989: 5839: 5829: 5786: 5596: 5542: 5541: 5532: 5531: 5523: 5522: 5280:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4542: 4519: 2851:"The Hard Liner" 2 November 2003 2700:Linton Weeks and Richard Leiby, 2439:Harnden, Toby (March 18, 2013). 2231: 2217: 1926: 1706:, Wolfowitz told the crowd that 1220:, during a visit to local School 901:Director of Central Intelligence 868:cities. He also helped dissuade 726:civil-rights march on Washington 558:U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense 481: 6714:Reagan administration personnel 4491: 4471: 4443: 4427: 4411: 4393: 4367: 4348: 4329: 4299: 4107: 4091: 3916: 3904: 3885: 3851: 3770:"Top Wolfowitz Adviser Resigns" 3718: 3695: 3686:contributing editor Craig Unger 3664: 3550: 3490: 3477:Alan Beattie and Edward Alden, 3471: 3460:Paul Blustein and Peter Baker, 3454: 3438: 3425: 3382: 3281: 3265: 3129: 3065: 2927: 2878: 2747: 2568: 2507: 2490:"Dick Cheney's Big Neo-Con Con" 1807:Committee on February 27, 2003: 1136:, was welcomed by the dictator 1084:in the Reagan administration." 984:. Shortly after, he joined the 477: 6379:Emergency Committee for Israel 5205: 4980: 4687:Official biographical accounts 4592:Brown Journal of World Affairs 4581:41#1 (2014) pp. 91–114.. 4057:Krishna Guha and Eoin Callan, 3445:"DoD Identifies Army Casualty" 2817:International Relations Center 2635:Cornell Alumni Magazine Online 2488:Ostroy, Andy (June 20, 2014). 2481: 2458: 2432: 2397: 2371: 2345: 2290: 2045:On April 12, 2007, the London 1816:On October 26, 2003, while in 1788:House Appropriations Committee 1601:From 2001 to 2005, during the 1162:would lose its strongholds at 885:National Intelligence Estimate 755:in political science from the 751:In 1972, Wolfowitz received a 732:Wolfowitz was a member of the 1: 6614:American political scientists 6384:American Enterprise Institute 4579:Forum for Development Studies 3373:"Freedom's just another word" 2120:As a visiting scholar of the 1742:Office of Special Plans (OSP) 1448:2000 US presidential election 1418:1996 US presidential election 1416:on foreign policy during his 1235:According to Peter J. Boyer, 856:(ACDA) and replaced him with 602: 570:American Enterprise Institute 6729:University of Chicago alumni 6694:New York (state) Republicans 6644:Directors of Policy Planning 3433:"Bold, Well-executed Attack" 3072:Paul Wolfowitz, velociraptor 2702:"In the Shadow of a Scandal" 1898:July 7, 2005 London bombings 1454:as part of the group led by 1315:briefs reporters during the 707: 562:U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia 7: 4762:Director of Policy Planning 3039:September 29, 2007, at the 3032:As qtd. in Scott Burchill, 2873:Directorate of Intelligence 2210: 1829:President of the World Bank 1754:Defense Intelligence Agency 1570:Wolfowitz and Rear Admiral 1466:Deputy Secretary of Defense 1019:Director of Policy Planning 906:formed a committee of anti- 357:Director of Policy Planning 10: 6745: 6619:American political writers 6579:21st-century American Jews 3942:. Fox News. Archived from 3780:Wall Street Journal Online 3122:September 9, 2008, at the 2784:A Letter to Paul Wolfowitz 1935: 1528:Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani 1401: 1087:Mann stresses: "It was on 814: 6639:Cornell University alumni 6469: 6402: 6389:Foreign Policy Initiative 6346: 6310: 6099: 6091:Constitutional Federalism 6061:Humanitarian intervention 6038: 5987: 5849: 5784: 5603: 5594: 5520: 5211: 5200: 5196: 5115: 5026: 4988: 4939: 4929: 4923: 4918: 4908: 4899: 4891: 4881: 4872: 4864: 4859: 4849: 4840: 4832: 4822: 4813: 4805: 4795: 4786: 4778: 4768: 4759: 4751: 4746: 4669:October 27, 2011, at the 4405:February 2, 2014, at the 3676:October 12, 2008, at the 3293:United Jewish Communities 3099:February 5, 2005, at the 3094:"Statement of Principles" 1715:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1622:National Security Council 1072:(PLO) and to the sale of 1008:National Security Advisor 805: 716:in 1961. He lived in the 539: 527: 499: 491: 459: 443: 416: 411: 407: 395: 383: 373: 362: 354: 342: 330: 320: 309: 301: 289: 277: 263: 252: 245: 233: 221: 211: 200: 193: 181: 171: 160: 152: 140: 128: 118: 108: 97: 89: 77: 65: 54: 46: 42: 30: 23: 6071:Liberal internationalism 4703:). Accessed May 4, 2007. 4605:(2010) pp. 196–231 3537:October 1, 2007, at the 3008:"The Tragedy of Suharto" 2802:"Profile: Paul Wolfowitz 2265: 2187:Foreign Service Officers 1981:According to the London 1964:intercepted the letter. 1410:Johns Hopkins University 1398:Johns Hopkins University 1366:described the doctrine: 1257:indirectly benefiting." 982:Johns Hopkins University 6659:Jewish American bankers 6526:Republican in Name Only 6487:British neoconservatism 6046:American exceptionalism 4620:American foreign policy 4607:excerpt and text search 4167:("The Internet home of 4119:San Francisco Chronicle 3775:The Wall Street Journal 3766:goldnotes.wordpress.com 3758:The Wall Street Journal 3562:The Wall Street Journal 3020:The Wall Street Journal 2868:Studies in Intelligence 2520:The Wall Street Journal 2404:Draper, Robert (2020). 2198:Order of Brilliant Star 2030:Williams & Connolly 1864:The Wall Street Journal 1781:Iraqi National Congress 1758:Iraqi National Congress 1654:invasion of Afghanistan 1429:Statement of Principles 1263:The Wall Street Journal 1173:The Wall Street Journal 1168:Subic Bay Naval Station 968:US Secretary of Defense 37:Official portrait, 2001 6516:New York Intellectuals 6492:Clash of Civilizations 5071:Lewis Thompson Preston 4364:. AEI, April 11, 2011. 4345:. AEI, March 28, 2011. 4201:The Guardian Unlimited 3707:June 22, 2007, at the 3169:March 7, 2008, at the 3164:"Mission Accomplished: 2299:"The Sunshine Warrior" 1994: 1979: 1957: 1902:British Prime Minister 1878: 1838: 1814: 1690:Israeli Prime Minister 1598: 1582: 1563: 1558:testifying before the 1547: 1531: 1515: 1512:Andrews Air Force Base 1495: 1479: 1376: 1320: 1296: 1273: 1242: 1221: 1209: 1049: 929: 652:, who later became an 6374:Henry Jackson Society 4629:62.3 (2007): 667-680. 4627:International Journal 4601:Immerman, Richard H. 4530:. Central News Agency 4360:June 3, 2011, at the 4341:June 1, 2011, at the 4276:The Houston Chronicle 4022:May 10, 2007, at the 4011:May 18, 2007, at the 3971:May 16, 2007, at the 3897:May 21, 2011, at the 3838:on December 12, 2008. 3601:The Los Angeles Times 2807:May 19, 2007, at the 2277:Zachary A. Goldfarb, 2200:with Grand Cordon by 1989: 1970: 1952: 1886:global climate change 1884:to discuss issues of 1869: 1836: 1809: 1773:2003 invasion of Iraq 1730:2003 invasion of Iraq 1702:. As reported by the 1682:2003 invasion of Iraq 1588: 1569: 1553: 1546:, Iraq, July 21, 2003 1537: 1522:Wolfowitz meets with 1521: 1501: 1485: 1473: 1368: 1352:1991 Persian Gulf War 1337:1991 Persian Gulf War 1302: 1290: 1268: 1237: 1230:Republic of Indonesia 1215: 1203: 1044: 964:US Defense Department 924: 757:University of Chicago 658:Chevy Chase, Maryland 613:Brownsville, Brooklyn 546:Paul Dundes Wolfowitz 513:University of Chicago 421:Paul Dundes Wolfowitz 6699:People from Brooklyn 6538:Never Trump movement 6338:John Courtney Murray 5096:Kristalina Georgieva 5046:Eugene R. Black, Sr. 4650:(1994) 73#1: 28-43. 4487:. December 21, 2016. 4424:, February 28, 2013. 4400:Bilderberg Meetings. 4084:May 7, 2007, at the 3938:(February 8, 2007). 3794:Suzanne Goldenberg, 2891:The Washington Times 2861:Qtd. by Jack Davis, 2603:Suzanne Goldenberg, 2385:. September 13, 2003 1890:economic development 1614:September 11 attacks 1490:, Defense Secretary 1266:, Wolfowitz states: 1164:Clark Air Force Base 1132:, on a visit to the 1076:(AWACS) aircraft to 1030:Kirkpatrick Doctrine 954:In 1977, during the 607:The second child of 480: 1968; 6512:Anti-Stalinist left 6425:The Public Interest 6418:The Weekly Standard 6137:Charles Krauthammer 5528:Category World Bank 4636:(2013) pp: 114-137. 4594:13.2 (2007): 41-54 4288:Steven R. Weisman, 4213:Steven R. Weisman, 4063:The Financial Times 4041:The Washington Post 3990:The Washington Post 3857:Steven R. Weisman, 3811:William McQuillen, 3692:, November 12, 2007 3688:, David Shankbone, 3659:The Washington Post 3622:The Financial Times 3580:The Washington Post 3506:The Daily Telegraph 3484:The Financial Times 3466:The Washington Post 3394:The Washington Post 2995:The Washington Post 2922:The Washington Post 2898:on January 13, 2005 2706:The Washington Post 2494:The Huffington Post 2080:on April 19, 2007, 2072:Bush administration 2026:The Washington Post 1948:The Washington Post 1732:began on March 19. 1254:The Washington Post 1023:Department of State 991:The Washington Post 933:worst-case analysis 910:experts, headed by 615:, New York, into a 550:political scientist 402:Stephen W. Bosworth 349:Gaston J. Sigur Jr. 6287:Reuel Marc Gerecht 5051:George David Woods 4885:John Cameron Monjo 4747:Political offices 4730:. Online posting. 4639:Solomon, Lewis D. 4615:(2009) pp 381–410. 4505:The New York Times 4438:Bloomberg Politics 4294:The New York Times 4219:The New York Times 3863:The New York Times 3711:, Ward Harkarvey, 3412:The New York Times 3377:The New York Times 3365:The New York Times 3080:(February 7, 2002) 3013:2005-02-08 at the 2973:, online posting, 2956:, online posting, 2684:, online posting, 2656:The New York Times 2575:Parker, Jennifer. 2383:The New York Times 2358:The New York Times 2303:The New York Times 2281:, online posting, 2182:The New York Times 2107:The New York Times 2007:The New York Times 1839: 1693:Benjamin Netanyahu 1599: 1583: 1564: 1548: 1532: 1516: 1496: 1480: 1476:Jozias van Aartsen 1372:The New York Times 1360:Wolfowitz Doctrine 1321: 1309:Norman Schwarzkopf 1297: 1222: 1210: 1152:Benigno Aquino Jr. 1108:The New York Times 1101:Secretary of State 872:from reprocessing 769:Albert Wohlstetter 730:A. Philip Randolph 714:Cornell University 712:Wolfowitz entered 625:Cornell University 504:Cornell University 296:John Cameron Monjo 6624:American Zionists 6551: 6550: 6207:Jeane Kirkpatrick 6182:David Aaronovitch 5998: 5997: 5795: 5794: 5554: 5553: 5548:Country Relations 5516: 5515: 5512: 5511: 4949: 4948: 4940:Succeeded by 4919:Academic offices 4909:Succeeded by 4882:Succeeded by 4860:Diplomatic posts 4850:Succeeded by 4823:Succeeded by 4796:Succeeded by 4769:Succeeded by 4697:web.worldbank.org 4459:. August 26, 2016 4381:on April 28, 2011 4311:blog.american.com 4230:Jeannine Aversa ( 3713:The Village Voice 3633:Philip Sherwell, 3594:Nicole Gaouette, 3221:978-0-7432-4829-7 2729:. Wiley. p. 2417:978-0-525-56104-0 2410:. Penguin Press. 2248:Joint Vision 2020 2154:submitted to the 2116:Recent activities 2077:Los Angeles Times 1966:Sidney Blumenthal 1684:later that year. 1572:Robert T. Moeller 1530:, October 5, 2001 1382:" was opposed by 1325:George H. W. Bush 1277:2002 Bali bombing 1226:President Suharto 1130:Jeane Kirkpatrick 1040:Jeane Kirkpatrick 904:George H. W. Bush 792:political science 746:political science 543: 542: 431:December 22, 1943 337:John H. Holdridge 284:John H. Holdridge 272:George H. W. Bush 216:George H. W. Bush 177:George R. Packard 6736: 6599:American bankers 6543:Euston Manifesto 6470:Related articles 6432:National Affairs 6328:Henry M. Jackson 6311:Major influences 6247:Zalmay Khalilzad 6222:Joshua Muravchik 6152:Norman Podhoretz 6025: 6018: 6011: 6002: 6001: 5993: 5977: 5966: 5898: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5822: 5815: 5808: 5799: 5798: 5790: 5600: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5545: 5544: 5538:World Bank Group 5535: 5534: 5526: 5525: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5076:James Wolfensohn 5061:Alden W. Clausen 4990:World Bank Group 4975: 4968: 4961: 4952: 4951: 4924:Preceded by 4895:James Wolfensohn 4892:Preceded by 4865:Preceded by 4833:Preceded by 4806:Preceded by 4779:Preceded by 4772:Stephen Bosworth 4752:Preceded by 4744: 4743: 4733:World Bank Group 4726:Wolfowitz, Paul. 4701:World Bank Group 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4447: 4441: 4431: 4425: 4415: 4409: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4377:. Archived from 4371: 4365: 4352: 4346: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4313:. Archived from 4303: 4297: 4286: 4280: 4272: 4266: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4232:Associated Press 4228: 4222: 4211: 4205: 4192: 4186: 4159: 4153: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4129: 4123: 4111: 4105: 4095: 4089: 4072: 4066: 4055: 4044: 4033: 4027: 3999: 3993: 3982: 3976: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3946:on April 3, 2007 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3889: 3883: 3874:Paul Wolfowitz, 3872: 3866: 3855: 3849: 3839: 3834:. Archived from 3828: 3822: 3809: 3803: 3792: 3783: 3750: 3744: 3741:The Sunday Times 3734: 3728: 3725:Wolfowitz's tomb 3722: 3716: 3715:, June 14, 2007. 3699: 3693: 3668: 3662: 3651: 3642: 3631: 3625: 3614: 3605: 3592: 3583: 3572: 3566: 3554: 3548: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3502: 3494: 3488: 3475: 3469: 3458: 3452: 3442: 3436: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3403: 3397: 3386: 3380: 3354: 3343: 3332:Associated Press 3328: 3322: 3306: 3300: 3285: 3279: 3269: 3263: 3252:Seymour M. Hersh 3249: 3226: 3225: 3202: 3196: 3186: 3180: 3160: 3154: 3146: 3140: 3133: 3127: 3110: 3104: 3087: 3081: 3069: 3063: 3056: 3050: 3030: 3024: 3006:Paul Wolfowitz, 3004: 2998: 2987: 2978: 2969:Peter J. Boyer, 2967: 2961: 2947: 2938: 2931: 2925: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2882: 2876: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2826: 2820: 2799: 2793: 2780:Bacevich, Andrew 2777: 2758: 2757:(2004) pp. 28–31 2751: 2745: 2744: 2728: 2718: 2709: 2698: 2689: 2675: 2660: 2647: 2638: 2627: 2614: 2601: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2572: 2566: 2555: 2549: 2545:World Bank Group 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2401: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2323: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2294: 2288: 2275: 2260:World Bank Group 2241: 2236: 2235: 2227: 2225:Biography portal 2222: 2221: 2220: 2156:US Supreme Court 2141:Bilderberg group 2130:The Sunday Times 2082:Juan José Daboub 1913:Juan José Daboub 1800:Eric K. Shinseki 1793:Lawrence Di Rita 1700:Rudolph Giuliani 1658:George Robertson 1508:Richard B. Myers 1456:Condoleezza Rice 1319:in February 1991 1138:Ferdinand Marcos 1067: 1011:Richard V. Allen 986:Republican Party 879:Under President 836:Cold War liberal 832:Henry M. Jackson 734:Quill and Dagger 669:World Bank Group 621:Ithaca, New York 535: 485: 483: 479: 434: 430: 428: 412:Personal details 398: 386: 367: 345: 333: 314: 292: 280: 257: 236: 224: 205: 184: 174: 165: 153:5th Dean of the 143: 131: 102: 80: 72:James Wolfensohn 68: 59: 35: 21: 20: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6689:Neoconservatism 6554: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6465: 6398: 6342: 6306: 6172:Peter Berkowitz 6117:Frederick Kagan 6107:William Kristol 6095: 6066:Interventionism 6051:Democratization 6034: 6032:Neoconservatism 6029: 5999: 5994: 5985: 5975: 5964: 5896: 5845: 5840: 5838: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5796: 5791: 5782: 5601: 5590: 5585: 5555: 5550: 5508: 5207: 5192: 5111: 5086:Robert Zoellick 5056:Robert McNamara 5022: 4984: 4979: 4945: 4943:Jessica Einhorn 4936: 4927: 4914: 4912:Robert Zoellick 4905: 4897: 4887: 4878: 4870: 4855: 4846: 4838: 4828: 4819: 4811: 4801: 4792: 4784: 4774: 4765: 4757: 4717:Wayback Machine 4671:Wayback Machine 4660: 4648:Foreign Affairs 4574: 4572:Further reading 4569: 4559: 4557: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4496: 4492: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4432: 4428: 4422:The Daily Beast 4416: 4412: 4407:Wayback Machine 4398: 4394: 4384: 4382: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4362:Wayback Machine 4353: 4349: 4343:Wayback Machine 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4317:on June 2, 2011 4305: 4304: 4300: 4287: 4283: 4260: 4259: 4252: 4250: 4245: 4229: 4225: 4212: 4208: 4194:Richard Adams, 4193: 4189: 4147: 4146: 4139: 4137: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4112: 4108: 4096: 4092: 4086:Wayback Machine 4073: 4069: 4056: 4047: 4034: 4030: 4024:Wayback Machine 4013:Wayback Machine 4000: 3996: 3983: 3979: 3973:Wayback Machine 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3933: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3899:Wayback Machine 3890: 3886: 3873: 3869: 3856: 3852: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3810: 3806: 3793: 3786: 3751: 3747: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3709:Wayback Machine 3700: 3696: 3682:Interview with 3678:Wayback Machine 3669: 3665: 3653:Richard Leiby, 3652: 3645: 3632: 3628: 3615: 3608: 3593: 3586: 3574:Karen DeYoung, 3573: 3569: 3555: 3551: 3539:Wayback Machine 3530: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3495: 3491: 3476: 3472: 3459: 3455: 3443: 3439: 3430: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3404: 3400: 3388:Paul Blustein, 3387: 3383: 3355: 3346: 3329: 3325: 3307: 3303: 3286: 3282: 3270: 3266: 3250: 3229: 3222: 3203: 3199: 3187: 3183: 3171:Wayback Machine 3161: 3157: 3147: 3143: 3134: 3130: 3124:Wayback Machine 3111: 3107: 3101:Wayback Machine 3088: 3084: 3070: 3066: 3057: 3053: 3041:Wayback Machine 3031: 3027: 3015:Wayback Machine 3005: 3001: 2988: 2981: 2968: 2964: 2948: 2941: 2932: 2928: 2916:Michael Dobbs, 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2860: 2856: 2849:Sam Tanenhaus, 2848: 2844: 2834:historylink.org 2827: 2823: 2809:Wayback Machine 2800: 2796: 2778: 2761: 2752: 2748: 2741: 2719: 2712: 2699: 2692: 2676: 2663: 2648: 2641: 2631:"Paul's Choice" 2628: 2617: 2602: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2573: 2569: 2557:Matthew Jones, 2556: 2552: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2512: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2463: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2437: 2433: 2418: 2402: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2324: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2295: 2291: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2239:Politics portal 2237: 2230: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2170:Hillary Clinton 2126:The Independent 2118: 2060:Financial Times 2053:Financial Times 2048:Financial Times 2020:In early 2007, 2018: 1940: 1934: 1929: 1917:family planning 1851:Joseph Stiglitz 1831: 1822:Al-Rashid Hotel 1820:staying at the 1724:. According to 1607:Donald Rumsfeld 1597:in January 2005 1593:Abraham Lincoln 1560:9/11 Commission 1514:, May 14, 2004. 1502:Wolfowitz with 1492:Donald Rumsfeld 1468: 1458:calling itself 1406: 1400: 1364:Andrew Bacevich 1285: 1198: 1120: 1065: 1061:Donald Rumsfeld 1059:at a time when 1000: 988:. According to 952: 823:neoconservative 819: 813: 808: 796:Yale University 718:Telluride House 710: 609:Jacob Wolfowitz 605: 589:neoconservative 531: 511: 487: 484: 2002) 475: 471: 468: 451: 444:Political party 435: 432: 426: 424: 423: 422: 396: 384: 368: 363: 343: 331: 315: 310: 290: 278: 270: 258: 253: 240:Frank G. Wisner 234: 222: 206: 201: 188:Jessica Einhorn 182: 172: 166: 161: 141: 129: 123:Donald Rumsfeld 103: 98: 84:Robert Zoellick 78: 66: 60: 55: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6742: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6421: 6414: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6350: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6272:Michael Gerson 6269: 6267:James Kirchick 6264: 6262:Michael Ledeen 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6227:Jennifer Rubin 6224: 6219: 6217:Jonah Goldberg 6214: 6209: 6204: 6202:Eliot A. Cohen 6199: 6194: 6189: 6187:Anne Applebaum 6184: 6179: 6177:Douglas Murray 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6147:Elliott Abrams 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6127:Paul Wolfowitz 6124: 6122:Irving Kristol 6119: 6114: 6109: 6103: 6101: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6028: 6027: 6020: 6013: 6005: 5996: 5995: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5972: 5967: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5825: 5824: 5817: 5810: 5802: 5793: 5792: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5604: 5602: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5584: 5583: 5576: 5569: 5561: 5552: 5551: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5081:Paul Wolfowitz 5078: 5073: 5068: 5066:Barber Conable 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5041:John J. McCloy 5038: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4978: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4955: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4938: 4928: 4926:George Packard 4925: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4910: 4907: 4898: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4880: 4871: 4868:John Holdridge 4866: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4853:Gordon England 4851: 4848: 4839: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4824: 4821: 4812: 4807: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4794: 4785: 4782:John Holdridge 4780: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4767: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4724: 4710: 4704: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4674: 4664:Paul Wolfowitz 4659: 4658:External links 4656: 4655: 4654: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4599: 4588: 4582: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4541: 4518: 4490: 4470: 4442: 4426: 4410: 4392: 4366: 4347: 4328: 4298: 4281: 4223: 4206: 4187: 4124: 4106: 4090: 4067: 4045: 4028: 3994: 3977: 3957: 3927: 3915: 3903: 3884: 3867: 3850: 3823: 3818:Bloomberg News 3804: 3784: 3745: 3729: 3717: 3694: 3663: 3643: 3626: 3616:Krishna Guha, 3606: 3584: 3567: 3549: 3524: 3489: 3470: 3453: 3437: 3424: 3398: 3381: 3344: 3323: 3301: 3280: 3264: 3260:The New Yorker 3227: 3220: 3206:Kampfner, John 3197: 3181: 3162:Martin Sieff, 3155: 3141: 3128: 3113:Elliott Abrams 3105: 3090:Elliott Abrams 3082: 3064: 3051: 3025: 2999: 2979: 2975:The New Yorker 2962: 2939: 2926: 2909: 2877: 2854: 2842: 2821: 2794: 2759: 2746: 2740:978-0471741503 2739: 2710: 2690: 2686:The New Yorker 2661: 2649:Eric Schmitt, 2639: 2629:David Dudley, 2615: 2593: 2567: 2550: 2532: 2506: 2480: 2457: 2431: 2416: 2396: 2370: 2344: 2315: 2289: 2284:The New Yorker 2269: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2251: 2243: 2242: 2228: 2212: 2209: 2117: 2114: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2017: 2014: 1936:Main article: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1882:31st G8 summit 1874:Robert Mugabes 1847:Nobel Laureate 1843:George W. Bush 1830: 1827: 1766:War Powers Act 1711:George W. Bush 1697:New York Mayor 1603:George W. Bush 1595: (CVN-72) 1540:David Petraeus 1488:George W. Bush 1467: 1464: 1452:George W. Bush 1402:Main article: 1399: 1396: 1284: 1281: 1197: 1194: 1190:Corazón Aquino 1180:made trips to 1119: 1116: 1104:Alexander Haig 1053:Saddam Hussein 999: 996: 951: 948: 815:Main article: 812: 809: 807: 804: 709: 706: 654:anthropologist 604: 601: 564:, and dean of 541: 540: 537: 536: 529: 525: 524: 501: 497: 496: 493: 489: 488: 473: 469: 464: 463: 461: 457: 456: 455:(1981–present) 445: 441: 440: 420: 418: 414: 413: 409: 408: 405: 404: 399: 393: 392: 387: 381: 380: 375: 371: 370: 360: 359: 352: 351: 346: 340: 339: 334: 328: 327: 322: 318: 317: 307: 306: 299: 298: 293: 287: 286: 281: 275: 274: 265: 261: 260: 250: 249: 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 225: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 198: 197: 191: 190: 185: 179: 178: 175: 169: 168: 158: 157: 150: 149: 147:Gordon England 144: 138: 137: 132: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 113:George W. Bush 110: 106: 105: 95: 94: 87: 86: 81: 75: 74: 69: 63: 62: 52: 51: 44: 43: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 25:Paul Wolfowitz 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6741: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6569:Living people 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6532:Cuckservative 6530: 6527: 6524: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6446:Harry's Place 6443: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6401: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 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6062: 6059: 6057: 6056:Globalization 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6026: 6021: 6019: 6014: 6012: 6007: 6006: 6003: 5992: 5982: 5979: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5848: 5837: 5823: 5818: 5816: 5811: 5809: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5789: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5589: 5582: 5577: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5563: 5562: 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3619: 3613: 3611: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3528: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3493: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3474: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3428: 3413: 3409: 3402: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3313:Sam Tanenhaus 3310: 3305: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3223: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3152: 3151: 3145: 3138: 3132: 3125: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3098: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3079: 3078: 3077:The Economist 3073: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3003: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2936: 2930: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2881: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2839: 2835: 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Behar 2031: 2027: 2023: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1997:supervision. 1993: 1988: 1986: 1985: 1978: 1976: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1962:Scooter Libby 1956: 1951: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1927:Controversies 1924: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1875: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1855:Jeffrey Sachs 1852: 1848: 1844: 1835: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1777:Ahmed Chalabi 1774: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1762:Ahmad Chalabi 1759: 1755: 1750: 1748: 1743: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1726:John Kampfner 1723: 1722:War on Terror 1718: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1631:Bush Doctrine 1628: 1627:John Kampfner 1623: 1618: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1596: 1594: 1587: 1580: 1579: 1578:Ronald Reagan 1573: 1568: 1562:in March 2004 1561: 1557: 1556:Richard Myers 1552: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1493: 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