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Life of
Pauline Cushman, the Celebrated Union Spy and Scout: Comprising Her Early History, Her Entry into the Secret Service of the Army of the Cumberland, and Exciting Adventures with the Rebel Chieftains and Others While Within the Enemy's Lines ... the Whole Carefully Prepared from Her Notes and
160:-occupied city. Later, she would travel to New York where she would take the stage name Pauline Cushman. Over the course of her life, Cushman was married to Jere Fryer, Charles C. Dickinson, and August Fichtner. She had three children: Charles, Ida, and an adopted daughter, Emma.
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Because her undercover activities on behalf of the government were secret, there is a lack of corroborative information about her life at this time. After the war, however, she began a tour celebrating her experiences as a Union spy, working at one point with
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after the performance. The theatre company forced her to quit, but she had other ideas. She had decided to ingratiate herself with the rebels by making the toast, while offering her services to the Union as a
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Herringshaw's
National Library of American Biography: Contains Thirty-Five Thousand Biographies of the Acknowledged Leaders of Life and Thought of the United States; Illustrated with Three Thousand Vignette
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based on her first husband's military service which she received in the amount of $ 12 per month beginning in June 1893 . Her last few years were spent in a boarding house in San
Francisco, working as a
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152:'s soldiers). Harriet and her brother William were raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Her parents moved there to establish a trading post with indigenous peoples. In 1862, she made her stage debut in
202:, tried by a military court, and sentenced to death by hanging. Though she was already ill, she acted worse off than she was. The Confederates had to postpone her execution. Cushman was spared
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for her service to the
Federal cause, and became known as "Miss Major Pauline Cushman." By the end of the war in 1865, she was touring the country giving lectures on her exploits as a spy.
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By fraternizing with rebel military commanders, she managed to conceal battle plans and drawings in her shoes, but was caught twice in 1864 and brought before
Confederate
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She died as
Pauline Fryer at the age of sixty. The time of her Civil War fame was recalled at her funeral, which was arranged by members of the
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Pauline
Cushman and her husband, Jere Fryer, purchased this house located at 364 North Granite Street in Florence, Arizona Territory.
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285:. Their adopted daughter, Emma, died on April 17, 1888, at 6 years old of a seizure. As a result, the Fryers separated in 1890.
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Some reports state that she returned to the South in her role as a spy, dressed in male uniform. She was awarded the rank of
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345:. Her simple gravestone recognizes her contribution to the Union's victory. It is marked, "Pauline C. Fryer, Union Spy."
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aired an episode, "The Blue Spy" with
Pauline Cushman as the central character, portrayed by veteran actress
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602:, vol. XLI, no. 1199, Albany, NY: Luther Tucker & Son, p. 45, January 20, 1876
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American people convicted of spying for the United States by the
Confederate States of America
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269:, but was widowed within a year. Sources state that in 1879 she met Jere Fryer, and moved to
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detailing her early history, her entry into the secret service, notes, and memoranda.
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After a
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Harriet Wood, who later adopted the stage name of Pauline Cushman, was born in
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Due to conflicting details about her life, several source links are provided.
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by the invasion of the area by Union troops. She was also wounded twice.
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116:; June 10, 1833 – December 2, 1893) was an American actress and a
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She lost her child to sickness by 1868, and married again in 1872 in
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Prisoners sentenced to death by the Confederate States of America
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The Life of Pauline Cushman: The celebrated Union Spy and Scout,
128:. She is considered one of the most successful Civil War spies.
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Pauline Cushman. Film by the National Cemetery Administration
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574:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. p. 233.
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Female wartime cross-dressers in the American Civil War
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Herringshaw, Thomas William. 1909. "Cushman, Pauline".
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She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
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She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
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She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
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She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
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She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
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People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
499:. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas. p. 233.
721:Pauline Cushman: Civil War Spy And Theater Actress
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321:. She was found the next morning by her landlady.
103:Three, Charles and Ida, and adopted daughter Emma
95:Jere Fryer, August Fichtner, Charles C. Dickinson
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726:Pauline Cushman: Spy of the Cumberland Website
16:American actress and Civil War spy (1833–1893)
860:Burials at San Francisco National Cemetery
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375:List of female American Civil War soldiers
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140:Studio photograph of Pauline Cushman, 1864
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288:By 1892, she was living in poverty in
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474:. Guilford: Two Dot. pp. 98–99.
449:. Guilford: Two Dot. pp. 97–98.
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855:People from Casa Grande, Arizona
779:Pauline Cushman, the Federal Spy
678:Sarmiento, Ferdinand L. (1865).
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653:. Edinborough Press.
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311:rheumatism
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307:charwoman
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405:June 16,
369:See also
319:morphine
243:Florence
120:for the
100:Children
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351:Rawhide
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608:2014
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