431:
439:
272:
33:
4811:
903:
523:, with the promise of a large land grant and the title of marquis if he was successful. He advised the king of the strategic importance of exploring the Florida coast for discovery of trade passages to the riches of China and Molucca. There was the hope that such waterways might also lead to the mines of New Spain in central Mexico and to the Pacific. He proposed colonizing several areas to defend the territory against incursions by the Indians and foreign powers.
4823:
889:
917:
3705:
789:(chief) is so called. I, by a miracle reached the fort of St. Augustine with seventeen persons I was taking with me. Three times the Indians gave the order to attack me, and the way I escaped them was by ingenuity and arousing fear in them, telling them that behind me many Spaniards were coming who would slay them if they found them." The Ais, like the
530:. This ambitious venture was supported materially and politically by his kinship alliance of seventeen families from northern Spain, all tied by blood relations and marriage. They pledged their persons and fortunes to the adelentado, hoping to enrich themselves later with large grants of lands and royal honors of civil and military offices in
695:
in present-day South
Carolina, into the interior of the Southeast. Captain Pardo was to find and supply an alternate overland route to the Spanish silver mines in central Mexico, as the Spanish mistakenly thought the Appalachian Mountains were part of a range extending that far. In the next couple of
597:
that the French called the River of
Dolphins. This was developed as the site of the present-day city of St. Augustine. Menéndez sailed north and confronted Ribault's fleet outside the bar of the River May in a brief skirmish. On 6 September, he returned to his first landfall, naming the site it after
2197:
Henderson, Richard R. (March 1989). A Preliminary inventory of
Spanish colonial resources associated with National Park Service units and national historic landmarks, 1987. United States Committee, International Council on Monuments and Sites, for the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park
708:
in southeastern
Tennessee. Pardo left the expedition for other business. In 1568 all the Spanish men but one in the garrisons were killed by Native Americans resisting their treatment, and the forts were destroyed. The Spanish did not attempt other colonization in this region.
778:
In
December 1571, Menéndez was sailing from Florida to Havana with two frigates when, as he tells it, "I was wrecked at Cape Canaveral because of a storm which came upon me, and the other boat was lost fifteen leagues further on in the Bahama Channel, in a river they call the
740:, which was solidified by Menéndez's marriage to Carlos's sister, who took the baptismal name Doña Antonia. The peace was uneasy, and Menéndez's use of his new wife as a hostage in negotiations with her people, as well as his negotiating with the Calusas' enemies, the
485:, flagship of the New Spain fleet and commanded by his son Admiral Juan Menéndez, had disappeared off the coast of South Carolina, and was assumed to be dead. The ship was lost in a hurricane that scattered the fleet as it was returning to Spain, at the latitude of
664:(Spanish for "slaughters"). Having taken control of the Florida coast, Menéndez had his soldiers complete the fort in St. Augustine. He also established missions to the natives for the Catholic Church, and explored the east coast and interior of the peninsula.
296:(Biscayan frigates) that pursued him and captured them both, and drove away the third. The exploits of Pedro Menéndez soon became a topic of conversation on the waterfronts of Spain and France, and in the royal courts. Meanwhile, the Seville merchants and the
318:
ports. He was appointed by the Crown in 1554 as
Captain-General of the Fleet of the Indies, the Spanish treasure fleet; that year he departed with the fleet and brought it back safely to Spain. He was affirmed in his belief of the strategic importance of the
806:. Although Menéndez left behind Jesuit missionaries Brother Francisco de Villareal and Padre Rogel in an attempt to convert the Tequesta to Roman Catholicism, the tribe were indifferent to their teachings. The Jesuits returned to St. Augustine after a year.
675:
between the mainland and the sea, building a wooden fort there. In 1572, the settlement was relocated to the mainland, in the area just south of the future town plaza. Secure as governor, Menéndez explored the area and built additional
547:, a Huguenot aristocrat who had participated in the first Jean Ribault expedition, returned to Florida in 1564 with three ships and 300 Huguenot colonists. He reached the River May on 22 June 1564, sailed up it a few miles, and founded
413:, Menéndez was required to explore this vast territory, which extended from the Gulf coast of present-day western Florida around the Florida keys to Newfoundland. He also was commanded by the king to establish two or three fortified
1318:
651:
Menéndez pursued Jean
Ribault, who had already left with four ships to attack the Spanish at St. Augustine. After Ribault had put out to sea, he was surprised by a storm that wrecked three of his ships near what is now the
660:'s south entrance. After several parleys with the Spanish, Ribault and the 150–350 Frenchmen with him (sources differ) surrendered. The Spanish executed nearly all of them in the dunes near the inlet. It was later known as
656:. His flagship was grounded near present-day Cape Canaveral. Informed by Indian allies that the French survivors were walking northward on the coast, Menéndez began to search for them, finding the party at the banks of the
254:
After Doña Maria remarried, Pedro was sent to live with a relative who promised to oversee his education. Pedro and his guardian did not get along, and he ran away from home. He was found six months later in
1198:
were classed as 1-, 2- or 3-deckers, and stepped two or more masts rigged with square sails and topsails (except for a lateen sail on the mizzenmast). Capacity ranged up to 900 tons or more. Menéndez's
480:
On 19 August 1563, Pedro Menéndez and his brother
Bartolomé were imprisoned by the Casa de Contratación, accused of accepting bribes and smuggling silver into Spain. In September, he received news that
564:
to Menéndez, signed by Philip II on 20 March 1565, granting him expansive trade privileges, the power to distribute lands, and licenses to sell 500 slaves, as well as various titles, including that of
335:
of treasure galleons. The appointment was highly prestigious, and it was unusual for the Crown to make the appointment. In the past the Casa de
Contratación had controlled this position.
1184:"The galleon evolved in response to Spain's need for an ocean-crossing cargo ship that could beat off corsairs. Pedro de Menéndez, along with the marquis Santa Cruz (later a hero of the
526:
Menéndez expected to make vast profits for himself and to increase the royal treasury with this
Florida enterprise, as it was to include the development of agriculture, fisheries, and
2285:
Pickett, Margaret F. ; Pickett, Dwayne W. (2011). "Four". The European Struggle to Settle North America: Colonizing Attempts by England, France and Spain, 1521–1608. McFarland.
755:
before returning to Florida, where he expanded Spanish power throughout southeastern Florida. His position as governor now secure, Menéndez explored the area and built additional
704:, where they built Fort San Juan and wintered over. In total, his expedition built six forts along this route, including one known as San Pedro at Olamico, the principal town of
259:
and taken back to his foster home. Eventually Menéndez entered the military and went off to fight in one of the wars with France. He served at sea in a small armada against the
644:. Laudonnière and several score Frenchmen escaped into the woods. Menéndez left a Spanish garrison at the captured fort, now renamed San Mateo. (In 1568 French soldiers led by
1188:), is credited with developing the prototypes which had the long hull – and sometimes the oars – of a galley married to the poop and prow of a
500:
Spain learned of the French expedition to Florida through its spies at ports on the Atlantic coast of France. Philip II was alarmed when Dr. Gabriel de Enveja reported that
7097:
243:
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés was born to an old noble family in the kingdom of Asturias. He was one of the younger sons of Juan Alonso Sánchez de Avilés, who had served the
288:
In this ship, the young Menéndez won his first victory of command in an engagement with French corsairs who had attacked three slow Spanish freighters off the coast of
346:
744:, helped cause the decline of relations to all out war, which continued intermittently into the next century. Menéndez was unsuccessful in locating his son Juan.
541:
and his son, Admiral Juan Menéndez, who had been its commander. As noted above, they were lost in 1563 in a hurricane. The crown continued to refuse his request.
3767:
3757:
1978:
6227:
817:, as well as his wife and family. In August 1572, Menéndez led a ship with thirty soldiers and sailors to take revenge for the killing of the Jesuits of the
534:. This support gave Menéndez a loyal cadre of lieutenants and officials who had blood connection to him, and had invested their own futures in his success.
504:
had been appointed as "Captain-General and Viceroy of New France". He also said that a large expedition of ships, soldiers and supplies was being fitted at
5236:
1767:
279:
After two years of fighting, Menéndez returned to his family, having conceived a plan to use part of his inheritance to build his own vessel. He built a
6247:
5162:
7165:
2408:
640:. On 20 September 1565, they made a surprise attack and killed all the adult males they encountered, but spared women and children; 132 Frenchmen
285:, a small but fast row-sailer, suitable for patrolling the coast. He recruited a number of his relatives to sail with him in search of adventure.
7319:
6712:
4004:
385:
6207:
377:. In 1561, however, Menéndez was jailed by Casa officials for alleged smuggling, but he got his case transferred to court and won his release.
7170:
6257:
493:
to search for his son, who he believed might have reached there, but he was powerless to initiate it from prison, and his petitions to King
5862:
5220:
4476:
3893:
1326:
7254:
1608:
1461:
1211:. She carried 77 crewmen, 18 gunners, transported 317 soldiers and 26 families, as well as provisions and cargo. Her armament was iron."
338:
King Phillip II and Menéndez maintained a close relationship. The Crown invited him to be a part of the Royal Party when Phillip married
2392:
1806:
1647:
1566:
4724:
1032:
7299:
7209:
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to present-day Canada, and report on its coastal features, with a view to establishing a permanent settlement for the defense of the
2402:
361:, on their return voyage from the Caribbean and Mexico to Spain. Menéndez determined the route they followed, which led through the
7304:
7077:
6181:
4859:
4734:
551:. The Crown was alarmed by these encroachments on Spanish territory in such proximity to the course of the Spanish treasure fleet.
821:
in present-day Virginia. At the end of his life, he was appointed as governor of Cuba shortly after his arrival. Menéndez died of
6161:
4223:
940:
5299:
6935:
5046:
4309:
2325:
2314:
2290:
2264:
2249:
2191:
2102:
2036:
2011:
1915:
1839:
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1008:
981:
215:
47:
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1527:
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7025:
6393:
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314:
Menéndez is credited as the Spanish leader who first surveyed and authorized the building of the royal fortresses at major
7092:
6212:
3548:
2778:
2573:
2067:
Arredondo's Historical Proof of Spain's Title to Georgia: A Contribution to the History of One of the Spanish Borderlands
1903:
251:, and María Alonso y Menéndez Arango. His parents had twenty children, and Pedro was still a child when his father died.
5081:
720:, in October of that year. After several more transatlantic crossings, Menéndez fell ill and died on 17 September 1574.
231:
and was responsible for implementing royal policies to build fortifications for the defense of conquered territories in
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6176:
6112:
5834:
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5289:
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4984:
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3578:
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1972:
1945:
712:
Confident that he had fulfilled his primary contract with the King, including construction of forts along the coast of
598:
the Catholic saint, disembarked his troops, and quickly constructed fortifications to protect his people and supplies.
470:
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802:(in what is now Miami) and was able to negotiate for three chieftains to accompany him to Cuba as translators to the
641:
589:, accompanied by several smaller ships, and carrying over 1,000 sailors, soldiers, and settlers. On the feast day of
544:
1962:
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5809:
5293:
5071:
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4483:
3787:
3175:
2773:
2715:
2382:
349:
as Admiral, of the Fleet of the Indies. He sailed for the Indies that October as captain general and commanded the
6501:
6436:
671:
Indians deteriorated, Menéndez moved the Spanish settlement to a more defensible position on the north end of the
7249:
7062:
6854:
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6441:
5990:
5925:
5511:
5413:
4765:
2737:
2720:
2141:
1422:
6980:
6496:
5940:
5824:
1579:...Laudonnière decided to call it the River of Dolphins (today known as the Matanzas River, near St. Augustine).
554:
Desiring to protect its claimed territories in North America against further incursions by European powers, the
7334:
7082:
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5950:
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1751:
601:
Father Francisco López de Mendoza Grajales, the chaplain of the expedition, celebrated the first Thanksgiving
515:
After his release from prison, Menéndez was available again to serve the king's purposes. He was appointed as
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430:
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6388:
3922:
2320:
Sáinz Sastre, María Antonia. (1992). La Florida, Siglo XVI: Descubrimiento y Conquista. Editorial Mapfre.
1552:
The European Struggle to Settle North America: Colonizing Attempts by England, France and Spain, 1521–1608
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convoy system that became the main link between Spain and her overseas territories. In partnership with
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and settle them with settlers and slaves, and to begin the conversion of the Indians to Catholicism.
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2240:
Lyon, Eugene (1991). "Pedro Menéndez de Avilés". Edited by Gary Mormino (in English and Spanish).
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578:. He was ordered as well to drive away any intruders who were not subjects of the Spanish crown.
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and Calusa tribes, proved hostile to Spanish settlement as war continued on and off until 1670.
747:
Establishing a Spanish garrison of 200 men further up the coast, he sailed to what is today the
300:(House of Trade) were chagrined by Menéndez's success and his growing influence with the Crown.
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returned and destroyed it, killing the Spanish garrison in retaliation for the 1565 massacre.)
610:
575:
381:
358:
309:
200:
196:
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1935:
1904:
Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration for the State of Florida (1976).
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Menéndez marched his soldiers overland from St. Augustine to destroy the French settlement at
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Menéndez traveled to southwest Florida, looking for his son. There he made contact with the
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St. Augustine is the oldest continuously inhabited, European-established settlement in the
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The Spanish settlements within the present limits of the United States: Florida, 1562–1574
2177:
Sketches, Historical and Topographical, of the Floridas: More Particularly of East Florida
1154:
The Spanish settlements within the present limits of the United States: Florida, 1562–1574
1118:
The Spanish settlements within the present limits of the United States: Florida, 1562–1574
8:
7204:
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6809:
6762:
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6546:
6541:
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The Enterprise of Florida: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and the Spanish Conquest of 1565–1568
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1513:
The Enterprise of Florida: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and the Spanish Conquest of 1565–1568
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The Enterprise of Florida: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and the Spanish Conquest of 1565–1568
1171:
The Spanish Settlements Within the Present Limits of the United States: Florida 1562–1574
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The Enterprise of Florida: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and the Spanish Conquest of 1565–1568
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4729:
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3125:
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869:
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613:, was founded at the landing point, perhaps the first mission in what would become the
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494:
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320:
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The Deadly Politics of Giving: Exchange And Violence at Ajacan, Roanoke, And Jamestown
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The Deadly Politics of Giving: Exchange And Violence at Ajacan, Roanoke, And Jamestown
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5135:
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2245:
2230:
2187:
2098:
2071:
2032:
2007:
1968:
1941:
1911:
1868:
1857:"From Joara to Chiaha: Spanish Exploration of the Appalachian Summit Area, 1540–1568"
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1598:
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1092:
1065:
1038:
1004:
977:
859:
339:
244:
172:
5166:
2242:
Spanish Pathways in Florida: 1492–1992/Los Caminos Espanoles En La Florida 1492–1992
1284:
Spanish Pathways in Florida: 1492–1992/Los Caminos Espanoles En LA Florida 1492–1992
818:
6777:
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474:
366:
167:
70:
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1720:. Translated by Bennett, Charles E. The University of Alabama Press. p. 161.
7220:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
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2001:
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The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Exploration of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566–1568
1511:
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1349:
1249:
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637:
469:(the River May). The French sailed northward and established a settlement called
462:
458:
443:
289:
260:
204:
138:
6879:
3160:
2381:
1669:
345:
In 1559, Philip II again appointed Menéndez as Captain General, and his brother
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Menéndez later made contact with the less hostile Tequesta at their capital in
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594:
362:
248:
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4354:
1132:
7243:
6378:
5228:
5145:
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2615:
2387:
1872:
1392:
908:
756:
677:
633:
555:
548:
2361:
1695:
Spiritual Florida: A Guide to Retreat Centers and Religious Sites in Florida
1633:
The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States
593:, 28 August, the fleet sighted land and anchored off the north inlet of the
570:
of Florida. Menéndez was commissioned to reconnoiter North America from the
271:
179:; 15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574) was a Spanish admiral, explorer and
7150:
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2880:
2788:
2680:
2595:
2548:
2201:
History of the Tekesta – Part 6. Late Contact Period (1565 to the Present).
973:
The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568–1668
922:
873:
856:
853:
571:
527:
509:
501:
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off the coast of South Carolina. Menéndez conceived a plan for a voyage to
454:
373:) and up the east coast of Florida, taking advantage of the current of the
180:
32:
6461:
3340:
2052:
History of the Tekesta – Part 6. Late Contact Period (1565 to the Present)
1594:
Fifty Years of Southeastern Archaeology: Selected Works of John W. Griffin
1286:(in English and Spanish) (1st ed.). Pineapple Press Inc. p. 76.
6051:
5877:
5446:
5324:
4594:
4569:
4557:
4419:
3405:
3335:
3130:
3110:
3060:
2975:
2965:
2742:
780:
760:
374:
235:
and to establish Castilian governmental institutions in desirable areas.
207:
and the most significant city in the region for nearly three centuries.
6041:
1880:
1856:
1400:
1376:
1348:
Eugene Lyon (1996). "Settlement and Survival". In Michael Gannon (ed.).
6915:
5649:
4929:
4691:
4625:
4389:
4249:
4169:
4112:
3832:
3513:
3475:
3440:
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3055:
3035:
3005:
3000:
2960:
2905:
2843:
2823:
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2620:
2578:
768:
606:
566:
537:
In early 1564 Menéndez asked permission to go to Florida to search for
409:
256:
228:
1251:
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and the Conquest of Florida: A New Manuscript
696:
years, Pardo and his men traveled into present-day South Carolina and
5882:
5639:
5539:
5314:
5216:
5150:
4574:
3653:
3265:
3170:
3040:
3010:
2583:
2538:
512:, and many dismounted bronze cannons were loaded aboard the vessels.
450:
315:
199:, which became known as the Spanish treasure fleet, and for founding
147:
119:
1964:
Menéndez: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Captain General of the Ocean Sea
1381:
Proceedings of the Meeting of the French Colonial Historical Society
1213:
Menéndez: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Captain General of the Ocean Sea
1088:
Menendez: Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Captain General of the Ocean Sea
1061:
Menendez: Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Captain General of the Ocean Sea
184:
91:
6056:
4934:
4552:
4399:
4379:
4244:
3230:
3180:
3085:
2970:
2553:
2272:
Menéndez, Pedro Menéndez de Aviles, Captain General of the Open Sea
790:
741:
716:, Menéndez returned to Spain in 1567. He was appointed governor of
626:
415:
188:
95:
1590:
1247:
582:
7214:
7185:
5695:
5680:
4837:
3688:
3295:
2630:
2610:
1248:
Gonzalo Solís de Merás; David Arbesú (2020). David Arbesú (ed.).
1189:
785:
668:
622:
560:
486:
389:
350:
281:
223:
133:
203:, in 1565. This was the first successful European settlement in
6151:
5705:
5700:
5477:
4686:
4584:
3563:
3445:
2930:
2625:
2600:
2447:
822:
729:
705:
618:
505:
401:
324:
3704:
2206:
L'histoire notable de la Floride: situèe es Indes Occidentales
7192:
5466:
5130:
4414:
3430:
3370:
2813:
2640:
2063:
771:. He returned to Spain in 1567 and was appointed governor of
701:
393:
192:
123:
99:
732:
tribe, an advanced maritime people, at what is now known as
380:
Menéndez is credited as the chief planner of the formalized
5535:
5450:
3015:
1423:"Pedro Menéndez's Strategic Plan for the Florida Peninsula"
1227:"Pedro Menéndez's Strategic Plan for the Florida Peninsula"
849:
is named after him, as well as several streets in the area.
772:
717:
328:
275:
The house in Avilés where Pedro Menéndez de Aviles was born
143:
5428:
2125:
Secrets of Spanish Florida – A Secrets of the Dead Special
1030:
2416:
331:, was the key port to conduct a rendezvous of the annual
1662:
1447:
The French in Early Florida: In the Eye of the Hurricane
1215:. Albert C. Manucy. Pineapple Press, Inc. (1992). p. 100
2300:
1933:
1273:
1271:
1203:
of 1565 was a 900-ton galleon, which was also called a
292:. By effective captainship, he separated the two swift
2333:
The Florida Keys: True stories of the perilous straits
508:
for a voyage to Florida: it was to have more than 500
5183:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
1542:
1319:"Menéndez anguishes in prison as son is lost at sea"
1268:
884:
736:. He negotiated an initial peace with their leader,
2309:. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 45.
2031:. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 45.
2244:. Ann L Henderson (1st ed.). Pineapple Press Inc.
1749:
1584:
2057:
1629:
1549:Pickett, Margaret F.; Pickett, Dwayne W. (2011).
1034:La Florida, Siglo XVI: Descubrimiento y Conquista
813:for the last time in 1571, with 650 settlers for
457:arrived in territory claimed by Spain and called
7241:
2020:
1960:
1131:extracted from the historical text available at
759:. In 1567, he marched south and encountered the
5727:
2097:. University of Alabama Press. pp. 53–57.
2070:. University of California Press. p. 339.
1489:. University Press of Florida. pp. 52–53.
1443:
1354:. University Press of Florida. pp. 42–44.
1167:
1150:
1114:
969:
667:In May 1566, as relations with the neighboring
195:. He is notable for planning the first regular
1999:
1940:. B.F. Buck, Incorporated. pp. 205, 208.
1929:
1927:
1899:
1897:
1827:
1788:
1548:
585:with a fleet led by his 600-ton flagship, the
5372:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
4853:
2432:
2348:Essais sur les Moeurs et l'esprit des Nations
1591:John W. Griffin; Patricia C. Griffin (1996).
1312:
1310:
1084:
1057:
625:group, and was at the center of an important
263:who harassed the maritime commerce of Spain.
5047:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
4477:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
2396:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2229:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
2090:
1910:. North American Book Dist LLC. p. 51.
1709:
1597:. University Press of Florida. p. 184.
1450:. University Press of Florida. p. 207.
1144:
1110:
1108:
963:
700:, stopping at the Mississippian chiefdom of
617:. The mission served nearby villages of the
2409:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
2366:, 1572 July 3. From the Collections at the
2274:. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc.
2184:St. Simons Island: A Summary of Its History
2084:
2003:St. Simons Island: A Summary of Its History
1924:
1894:
1715:
1516:. University Press of Florida. p. 98.
1509:
1482:
1437:
1368:
1347:
1282:. In Gary Mormino; Ann L Henderson (eds.).
1277:
1254:. University Press of Florida. p. 11.
1161:
996:
434:Monument to Pedro Menéndez in Avilés, Spain
422:
4860:
4846:
2439:
2425:
1954:
1907:Florida: A Guide to the Southernmost State
1834:. University of Alabama Press. p. 3.
1821:
1743:
1636:. Princeton University Press. p. 33.
1503:
1341:
1316:
1307:
1078:
1003:. University Press of Florida. p. 4.
386:Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz
7166:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
4108:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
1993:
1782:
1756:. University of Miami Press. p. 35.
1241:
1105:
1051:
1024:
976:. Cambridge University Press. p. 5.
751:making contact with the local Indians of
442:Statue in St. Augustine, Florida, at the
227:, with Philip II, Menéndez was appointed
16:Spanish explorer and governor (1519–1574)
7171:Colonial universities in the Philippines
4735:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
2346:Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet (1773).
2064:Antonio de Arredondo; Mary Ross (1925).
1848:
1623:
1476:
1414:
990:
581:On 28 July 1565, Menéndez set sail from
437:
429:
270:
6162:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
2118:
1374:
941:Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine
7320:People involved in anti-piracy efforts
7242:
7115:
2379:
2363:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Sailing Order
2204:Laudonnière, René Goulaine de (1853).
7114:
7010:
7009:
6133:
6011:
5726:
5585:
5553:
5490:
5427:
5342:
5265:
5205:
5119:
5108:
4880:
4879:
4841:
3894:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
2420:
2026:
1981:from the original on 27 February 2017
1809:from the original on 27 February 2017
1795:. Yale University Press. p. 62.
1792:The Spanish Frontier in North America
1770:from the original on 27 February 2017
1611:from the original on 27 February 2017
1530:from the original on 27 February 2017
1464:from the original on 27 February 2017
1174:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 12–14.
166:
5443:Captaincy General of the Philippines
4935:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
4636:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
2355:
1854:
1420:
1377:"A Massacre Revised: Matanzas, 1565"
1237:(1). Florida Historical Society: 12.
1224:
1133:http://augustine.com Written History
136:; 16th-century colonial governor of
7146:Indochristian painting in New Spain
5266:
1325:. USA Today Network. Archived from
1031:María Antonia Sáinz Sastre (1992).
629:in the late 16th and 17th century.
214:. Menéndez de Avilés was the first
13:
7255:Spanish explorers of North America
6113:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
5586:
4867:
3703:
2373:
2307:Survey of Indian River Archaeology
2029:Survey of Indian River Archaeology
1091:. Pineapple Press. pp. 9–11.
266:
168:[ˈpeðɾomeˈnendeθðeaβiˈles]
14:
7346:
5343:
5206:
5087:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
4526:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
2403:"Avilés, Pedro Menéndez de"
2383:"Avilés, Pedro Menéndez de"
2006:. The History Press. p. 19.
1650:from the original on 31 July 2016
1037:. Editorial Mapfre. p. 131.
461:. They explored the mouth of the
303:
7300:Colonial United States (Spanish)
7198:Criollos in the colonial society
7126:Spanish missions in the Americas
6248:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
4822:
4821:
4809:
4662:A General History of the Pyrates
4484:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
4005:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA
1934:Willis Fletcher Johnson (1920).
1569:from the original on 21 May 2016
1231:The Florida Historical Quarterly
1064:. Pineapple Press. p. 101.
915:
901:
887:
31:
7305:Spanish colonial period of Cuba
7225:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
5109:
2259:. University of Alabama Press.
2045:
1967:. Pineapple Press. p. 95.
1734:
1700:
1687:
1218:
1178:
477:in present-day South Carolina.
392:that carried the trade between
221:(1565–74). By his contract, or
5554:
5277:Captaincy General of Guatemala
4985:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
4020:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
4015:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
3768:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
2222:. University Press of Florida.
1125:
723:
238:
1:
7176:General Archive of the Indies
6437:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
6108:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
6093:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
5042:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
4995:War of the Spanish Succession
4960:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
3876:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
2299:, Written History section at
2134:
1421:Lyon, Eugene (1 March 2022).
388:, he helped design the great
6134:
5248:Captaincy General of Yucatan
5178:Union with Holy Roman Empire
5157:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
5072:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
4449:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
3699:Pirate battles and incidents
2175:Forbes, James Grant (1821).
2166:Resources in other libraries
1427:Florida Historical Quarterly
7:
7295:People from Spanish Florida
7290:16th-century Spanish people
6012:
5728:Administrative subdivisions
4925:War of the League of Cognac
3848:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
3331:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
1750:Charlton W. Tebeau (1971).
1317:Sam Turner (18 July 2015).
1157:. G.P. Putnam. p. 123.
1121:. G.P. Putnam. p. 126.
880:
775:, in October of that year.
687:expedition, to travel from
605:on the grounds. The formal
10:
7351:
6442:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
6427:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
6329:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
5491:
5227:), Western United States (
5120:
4990:Portuguese Restoration War
4725:Pirate films and TV series
4165:African Slave Trade Patrol
3733:Action of 11 November 2008
2522:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
2446:
2270:Manucy, Albert C. (1992).
2227:The New History of Florida
2211:Lowery, Woodbury. (1911).
2127:pbs.org (26 December 2017)
1716:Laudonnière, René (2001).
1630:John William Reps (1965).
1351:The New History of Florida
1280:"Pedro Menéndez de Avilés"
1225:Lyon, Eugene (July 1988).
839:Pedro Menendez High School
407:Later, in his capacity as
307:
7210:Slavery in Spanish Empire
7121:
7110:
7016:
7005:
6903:
6797:
6790:
6675:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6497:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
6407:
6276:
6238:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
6200:
6144:
6140:
6129:
6098:Barcelona Trading Company
6065:
6022:
6018:
6007:
5911:
5863:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
5833:
5775:
5737:
5733:
5722:
5673:
5632:
5596:
5592:
5581:
5560:
5497:
5438:
5370:Venezuela, part of Guyana
5349:
5272:
5223:, Central United States (
5212:
5126:
5115:
5104:
4955:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
4940:Expulsion of the Moriscos
4886:
4875:
4803:
4753:
4712:
4705:
4653:
4618:
4535:
4433:
4235:
4222:
4214:Trans-Saharan slave trade
4150:
4081:
3813:Battle off Minicoy Island
3788:Battle of Cape Fear River
3758:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
3728:Action of 28 October 2007
3723:Action of 9 November 1822
3698:
3596:
3504:
2868:
2861:
2787:
2751:
2708:
2661:
2654:
2499:
2454:
2297:Ponce De Leon's Discovery
2182:Green, R. Edwin. (2004).
2161:Resources in your library
1961:Albert C. Manucy (1983).
1555:. McFarland. p. 69.
832:
763:(Jece) as he reached the
683:He also commissioned the
615:continental United States
212:continental United States
177:Pedro (Menéndez) d'Avilés
153:
129:
105:
85:
80:
76:
64:
53:
46:
42:
30:
23:
7151:Quito painting tradition
7141:Cusco painting tradition
6502:García López de Cárdenas
6492:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
6399:Felipe González de Ahedo
6319:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
4896:Conquest of the Americas
4209:Indian Ocean slave trade
4098:International piracy law
4035:Pirate attacks in Borneo
3907:Capture of the schooner
3899:Capture of the schooner
3833:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
3559:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
2147:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
1861:Southeastern Archaeology
1674:Diocese of St. Augustine
1670:"Mission Nombre de Dios"
1444:John T. McGrath (2000).
1168:Woodbury Lowery (1905).
1151:Woodbury Lowery (1911).
1138:4 September 2011 at the
1115:Woodbury Lowery (1911).
970:R. A. Stradling (2003).
956:
876:will be named after him.
829:, on 17 September 1574.
340:Mary I, Queen of England
160:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
37:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
25:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
6936:Comuneros (New Granada)
6713:Balearic Islands (1558)
6432:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
6359:Ruy López de Villalobos
6314:Miguel López de Legazpi
6228:García de Toledo Osorio
5092:Western Sahara conflict
5082:Independence of Morocco
5022:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
4965:Piracy in the Caribbean
4950:French Wars of Religion
4668:Captain Charles Johnson
4092:1717–1718 Acts of Grace
3803:Battle of Mandab Strait
3783:Battle of Boca Teacapan
3778:Balanguingui Expedition
3743:Action of 23 March 2010
2393:Encyclopædia Britannica
2335:. Pineapple Press Inc.
2000:R. Edwin Green (2004).
1855:Beck, Robin A. (1997).
1828:Charles Hudson (2005).
1789:David J. Weber (1992).
865:was named in his honor.
465:in Florida, calling it
176:
48:1st Governor of Florida
7250:American city founders
7181:Colonial Spanish Horse
6855:Colonia del Sacramento
6078:Spanish treasure fleet
5655:Royal Decree of Graces
4025:Operation Ocean Shield
3853:Battle of Tonkin River
3798:Battle of Doro Passage
3753:Action of 5 April 2010
3748:Action of 1 April 2010
3738:Action of 9 April 2009
3718:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
3708:
3544:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
3529:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
2676:British Virgin Islands
2380:Hannay, David (1911).
2255:Mallios, Seth. (2006)
2027:Rouse, Irving (1981).
1375:McGrath, John (1997).
1085:Albert Manucy (2014).
1058:Albert Manucy (2014).
946:St. Augustine, Florida
698:Western North Carolina
611:Mission Nombre de Dios
576:Spanish treasure fleet
446:
435:
382:Spanish treasure fleet
370:
359:Spanish Treasure Fleet
310:Spanish treasure fleet
276:
201:St. Augustine, Florida
164:Spanish pronunciation:
7335:Spanish city founders
6339:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
6299:Juan Sebastián Elcano
5614:Council of the Indies
4975:Spanish–Moro conflict
4945:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
4905:Treaty of Tordesillas
4641:Pirates versus Ninjas
4068:Slave raid of Suðuroy
4030:Persian Gulf Campaign
3915:Capture of the sloop
3843:Battle of the Leotung
3828:Battle of New Orleans
3707:
3569:Richard Avery Hornsby
3321:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
3281:Moses Cohen Henriques
3251:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
2996:Christina Anna Skytte
2534:Brethren of the Coast
2517:Baltic Slavic pirates
2464:Ancient Mediterranean
2225:Lyon, Eugene (1996).
2218:Lyon, Eugene (1983).
2186:. The History Press.
2091:Seth Mallios (2006).
753:St. Catherines Island
646:Dominique de Gourgues
441:
433:
274:
197:trans-oceanic convoys
7325:Explorers of Florida
7280:People from Asturias
7136:Mesoamerican Codices
6860:Comuneros (Paraguay)
6698:Siege of Castelnuovo
6284:Christopher Columbus
6103:Consulate of the Sea
6083:Casa de Contratación
5674:Titles and positions
5067:Spanish–American War
5057:Liberal constitution
4900:Asia and the Pacific
4563:skull and crossbones
4519:Mistress of the Seas
4201:Capture of the brig
4178:Atlantic slave trade
3939:Falklands Expedition
3793:Battle of Cape Lopez
3713:1582 Cagayan battles
3640:Queen Anne's Revenge
3191:José Joaquim Almeida
3176:John Newland Maffitt
3096:Hayreddin Barbarossa
2936:Bartolomeu Português
2926:Artemisia I of Caria
2921:Alexandre Exquemelin
2759:Baltic Slavic piracy
2512:Anglo-Turkish piracy
2331:Viele, John (1999).
2301:http://augustine.com
1753:A History of Florida
1693:Herreros, Mauricio
1510:Eugene Lyon (1983).
1483:Eugene Lyon (1983).
1323:Tallahassee Democrat
1278:Eugene Lyon (1991).
997:Eugene Lyon (1983).
809:Menéndez voyaged to
449:In 1562, a group of
355:Armada de la Carrera
298:Casa de Contratación
7315:Knights of Santiago
7310:Spanish West Indies
6865:Cartagena de Indias
6487:Diego de Mazariegos
6457:Pere Fages i Beleta
6324:Sebastián de Ocampo
5805:Provincias Internas
5777:Captaincies General
5691:Municipal president
5660:School of Salamanca
5431:Spanish East Indies
5410:Misiones Orientales
5282:Spanish West Indies
5246:, Central America (
5193:Pyrénées-Orientales
5146:Union with Portugal
5037:Napoleonic invasion
5017:War of Jenkins' Ear
4580:No purchase, no pay
4548:Davy Jones's locker
4491:The Angel's Command
4335:Guybrush Threepwood
4183:Barbary slave trade
4160:African slave trade
3957:Jiajing wokou raids
3858:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
3081:François l'Olonnais
2941:Bartholomew Roberts
2829:Republic of Pirates
2368:Library of Congress
1937:The History of Cuba
654:Ponce de Leon Inlet
545:René de Laudonnière
371:Estrecho de Florida
327:, on the island of
7330:Deaths from typhus
7285:People from Avilés
7161:Academia Antártica
7116:Other civil topics
6482:Pánfilo de Narváez
6384:Sebastián Vizcaíno
6349:Andrés de Urdaneta
6309:Juan Ponce de León
6294:Ferdinand Magellan
6268:Bernardo de Gálvez
6167:Indian auxiliaries
5665:Trial of residence
5645:Laws of the Indies
5429:Asia and Oceania (
5290:Dominican Republic
4740:Timeline of piracy
4697:Piracy kidnappings
4350:Jacquotte Delahaye
4305:Charlotte de Berry
4295:Captain Sabertooth
4188:Blockade of Africa
4143:Piracy Law of 1820
4073:Turkish Abductions
4010:Operation Atalanta
3944:Great Lakes Patrol
3823:Battle of Nam Quan
3773:Attack on Veracruz
3709:
3291:Nicholas van Hoorn
3276:Michel de Grammont
3141:Jacquotte Delahaye
3126:Hippolyte Bouchard
3046:Elise Eskilsdotter
2986:Charlotte de Berry
2951:Benjamin Hornigold
2179:. C.S. Van Winkle.
1329:on 31 January 2016
936:History of Florida
931:El Portal, Florida
870:F110-class frigate
847:Saint Johns County
447:
436:
347:Bartolomé Menéndez
277:
7260:Governors of Cuba
7237:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7106:
7105:
7011:Spanish conquests
7001:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6786:
6785:
6467:Pedro de Alvarado
6452:Gaspar de Portolà
6447:Pedro de Valdivia
6422:Francisco Pizarro
6374:Nicolás de Ovando
6369:Alonso de Ercilla
6344:Alonso de Salazar
6177:Ships of the line
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5549:
5548:
5506:Northern Africa (
5502:Equatorial Guinea
5486:
5485:
5423:
5422:
5338:
5337:
5261:
5260:
5252:Spanish Caribbean
5225:Spanish Louisiana
5201:
5200:
5136:Crown of Castille
5100:
5099:
5077:Spanish Civil War
5052:Adams–Onís Treaty
5032:Nootka Convention
4980:Thirty Years' War
4970:Eighty Years' War
4891:Catholic Monarchs
4881:Timeline–immersed
4835:
4834:
4816:Piracy portal
4799:
4798:
4776:Fictional pirates
4675:Truce of Ratisbon
4649:
4648:
4610:Walking the plank
4470:On Stranger Tides
4410:Tony Tony Chopper
4300:Captain Stingaree
4237:Fictional pirates
4053:Sack of Baltimore
4048:Raid on Cartagena
3990:Moscow University
3869:Beluga Nomination
3838:Battle of Pianosa
3763:Antelope incident
3654:Marquis of Havana
3592:
3591:
3301:Olivier Levasseur
3241:Louis-Michel Aury
3206:Klaus Störtebeker
3156:Jeanne de Clisson
3076:François Le Clerc
2911:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
2857:
2856:
2774:South China Coast
2738:Strait of Malacca
2356:Primary resources
2326:978-84-7100-475-8
2315:978-0-404-15668-8
2291:978-0-7864-5932-2
2265:978-0-8173-5336-0
2250:978-1-56164-003-4
2192:978-1-59629-017-4
2142:Library resources
2104:978-0-8173-5336-0
2038:978-0-404-15668-8
2013:978-1-59629-017-4
1917:978-0-403-02161-1
1841:978-0-8173-5190-8
1802:978-0-300-05917-5
1763:978-0-87024-149-9
1740:Lyon 1983, p. 124
1727:978-0-8173-8347-3
1706:Lyon 1983, p. 122
1604:978-0-8130-1420-3
1562:978-0-7864-6221-6
1523:978-0-8130-0777-9
1496:978-0-8130-0777-9
1457:978-0-8130-1784-6
1361:978-0-8130-1415-9
1293:978-1-56164-003-4
1261:978-0-8130-6842-8
1186:Battle of Lepanto
1098:978-1-56164-692-0
1071:978-1-56164-692-0
1044:978-84-7100-475-8
1010:978-0-8130-0777-9
983:978-0-521-52512-1
767:near present-day
497:went unanswered.
467:la Rivière de Mai
245:Catholic Monarchs
157:
156:
109:17 September 1574
7342:
7265:Spanish admirals
7112:
7111:
7078:Chibchan Nations
7007:
7006:
6976:Santiago de Cuba
6835:Guadalupe Island
6795:
6794:
6522:
6521:
6515:
6514:
6477:Diego de Almagro
6354:Antonio de Ulloa
6258:Ambrosio Spinola
6253:Pedro de Zubiaur
6223:Alfonso d'Avalos
6213:Antonio de Leyva
6157:Army of Flanders
6142:
6141:
6131:
6130:
6020:
6019:
6009:
6008:
5735:
5734:
5724:
5723:
5594:
5593:
5583:
5582:
5551:
5550:
5524:Peñón of Algiers
5488:
5487:
5425:
5424:
5340:
5339:
5263:
5262:
5245:
5203:
5202:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5105:
5027:Seven Years' War
5000:Queen Anne's War
4877:
4876:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4825:
4824:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4710:
4709:
4512:Pirate Latitudes
4505:Long John Silver
4498:Voyage of Slaves
4365:Long John Silver
4260:Captain Birdseye
4233:
4232:
4103:Letter of marque
4063:Salvador Pirates
4058:Sack of Campeche
3881:Chepo Expedition
3863:Battle of Tysami
3818:Battle off Mukah
3808:Battle of Manila
3647:Quedagh Merchant
3605:Adventure Galley
3451:Victual Brothers
3436:Thomas Cavendish
3401:Sayyida al Hurra
3386:Samuel Hall Lord
3366:Roche Braziliano
3351:Robert Culliford
3286:Nathaniel Gordon
3256:Martin Frobisher
3216:Laurens de Graaf
3186:Jørgen Jørgensen
3121:Henry Strangways
3101:Hendrick Lucifer
3051:Eustace the Monk
2916:António de Faria
2866:
2865:
2834:Republic of Salé
2804:Île Sainte-Marie
2659:
2658:
2636:Victual Brothers
2544:Cilician pirates
2441:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2385:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1194:or merchantman.
1182:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1142:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
994:
988:
987:
967:
925:
920:
919:
918:
911:
906:
905:
904:
897:
892:
891:
890:
827:Santander, Spain
734:Charlotte harbor
693:Port Royal Sound
475:Port Royal Sound
170:
165:
112:
89:15 February 1519
81:Personal details
71:Diego de Velasco
67:
58:
35:
21:
20:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7229:
7205:Old inquisition
7117:
7102:
7012:
6985:
6941:Trinidad (1797)
6911:La Noche Triste
6899:
6895:San Juan (1797)
6845:San Juan (1595)
6782:
6671:
6511:Notable battles
6506:
6472:Martín de Ursúa
6403:
6334:Alonso de Ojeda
6304:Juan de la Cosa
6289:Pinzón brothers
6272:
6243:John of Austria
6218:Martín de Goiti
6196:
6136:
6117:
6061:
6014:
5995:
5907:
5903:Terra Australis
5898:Río de la Plata
5843:Castilla de Oro
5829:
5771:
5767:Río de la Plata
5729:
5710:
5669:
5628:
5624:Santa Hermandad
5588:
5569:
5565:Terra Australis
5556:
5545:
5512:Spanish Morocco
5493:
5482:
5473:Northern Taiwan
5434:
5419:
5390:Río de la Plata
5345:
5334:
5268:
5267:Central America
5257:
5239:
5208:
5197:
5141:Crown of Aragon
5122:
5111:
5096:
5012:Bourbon Reforms
4882:
4871:
4866:
4836:
4831:
4810:
4808:
4795:
4761:Barbary pirates
4749:
4745:Women in piracy
4701:
4645:
4614:
4543:Buried treasure
4531:
4463:Facing the Flag
4456:Treasure Island
4429:
4375:Vaas Montenegro
4370:Monkey D. Luffy
4340:Hector Barbossa
4325:Elizabeth Swann
4290:Captain Pugwash
4227:
4225:
4218:
4195:Veloz Passagera
4193:Capture of the
4146:
4077:
3886:Capture of the
3694:
3626:Flying Dutchman
3588:
3554:Miguel Enríquez
3506:
3500:
3466:William Dampier
3421:Simon Mascarino
3416:Shirahama Kenki
3396:Samuel Pallache
3361:Roberto Cofresí
3271:Mary Wolverston
3246:Mansel Alcantra
3221:Lawrence Prince
2901:Albert W. Hicks
2853:
2791:
2783:
2747:
2704:
2650:
2646:Women in piracy
2611:Sindhi corsairs
2564:French corsairs
2554:Cossack pirates
2507:Albanian piracy
2500:Types of pirate
2495:
2450:
2445:
2400:
2376:
2374:Further reading
2358:
2353:
2305:Rouse, Irving.
2172:
2171:
2170:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2025:
2021:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1902:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1764:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1644:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1605:
1589:
1585:
1572:
1570:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1442:
1438:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1315:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1246:
1242:
1223:
1219:
1183:
1179:
1166:
1162:
1149:
1145:
1140:Wayback Machine
1130:
1126:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1011:
995:
991:
984:
968:
964:
959:
951:Spanish Florida
921:
916:
914:
907:
902:
900:
893:
888:
886:
883:
835:
726:
638:St. Johns River
463:St. Johns River
444:Lightner Museum
428:
312:
306:
269:
267:Military career
261:French corsairs
241:
163:
114:
110:
90:
65:
59:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7348:
7338:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7235:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7190:
7189:
7188:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7021:Canary Islands
7017:
7014:
7013:
7003:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6875:Túpac Amaru II
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6820:Bogotá savanna
6817:
6812:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6792:
6788:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6728:Spanish Armada
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6677:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6622:White Mountain
6619:
6617:Cape Celidonia
6614:
6612:English Armada
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6528:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6389:Juan Fernández
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6364:Diego Columbus
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6192:Army of Africa
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6172:Spanish Armada
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6148:
6146:
6138:
6137:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6073:Manila galleon
6069:
6067:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6028:
6026:
6016:
6015:
6005:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5839:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5731:
5730:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5590:
5589:
5587:Administration
5579:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5508:Western Sahara
5504:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5406:Banda Oriental
5387:
5373:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5221:Coastal Alaska
5213:
5210:
5209:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5113:
5112:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4873:
4872:
4869:Spanish Empire
4865:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4842:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4819:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4786:Piracy by year
4783:
4778:
4773:
4771:Female pirates
4768:
4766:By nationality
4763:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4360:Joshamee Gibbs
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4230:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4167:
4162:
4156:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4140:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3994:
3985:
3976:
3967:
3963:Maersk Alabama
3959:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3891:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:Robert Maynard
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:Vincenzo Gambi
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3381:Samuel Bellamy
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:Robert Surcouf
3353:
3348:
3346:Richard Glover
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3316:Pierre Lafitte
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Grace O'Malley
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:Edward England
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2991:Cheung Po Tsai
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Benito de Soto
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:Abraham Samuel
2888:
2886:Adam Baldridge
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2839:Saint Augustin
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2716:Horn of Africa
2712:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2700:Gulf of Guinea
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2686:Lake Nicaragua
2678:
2667:
2665:
2663:Atlantic World
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Jewish pirates
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2398:
2388:Chisholm, Hugh
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2329:
2318:
2303:
2294:
2283:
2268:
2253:
2238:
2223:
2216:
2215:. G.P. Putnam.
2209:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2180:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2117:
2103:
2083:
2077:978-0598643285
2076:
2056:
2044:
2037:
2019:
2012:
1992:
1974:978-1561640157
1973:
1953:
1947:978-0722295168
1946:
1923:
1916:
1893:
1867:(2): 165–168.
1847:
1840:
1820:
1801:
1781:
1762:
1742:
1733:
1726:
1708:
1699:
1686:
1661:
1642:
1622:
1603:
1583:
1561:
1541:
1522:
1502:
1495:
1475:
1456:
1436:
1413:
1367:
1360:
1340:
1306:
1292:
1267:
1260:
1240:
1217:
1177:
1160:
1143:
1124:
1104:
1097:
1077:
1070:
1050:
1043:
1023:
1009:
989:
982:
961:
960:
958:
955:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
927:
926:
912:
898:
895:Florida portal
882:
879:
878:
877:
866:
862:Pedro Menendez
850:
843:State Road 206
834:
831:
819:Ajacán Mission
783:, because the
757:fortifications
725:
722:
678:fortifications
673:barrier island
658:Matanzas River
427:
423:Enterprise of
421:
363:Florida Strait
321:Bahama Channel
308:Main article:
305:
304:Treasure fleet
302:
268:
265:
249:War of Granada
247:in the war of
240:
237:
155:
154:
151:
150:
131:
127:
126:
113:(aged 55)
107:
103:
102:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
51:
50:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7347:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7156:Tapada limeña
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7113:
7109:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7008:
7004:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6902:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6789:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6748:Montes Claros
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6688:Vienna (1529)
6686:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6674:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6520:
6516:
6513:
6509:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6417:Hernán Cortés
6415:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6409:Conquistadors
6406:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6379:Juan de Ayala
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6233:Duke of Savoy
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6132:
6128:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6032:Dollar (Peso)
6030:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6010:
6006:
5992:
5991:Santo Domingo
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:New Andalusia
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5815:Santo Domingo
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5739:Viceroyalties
5736:
5732:
5725:
5721:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5584:
5580:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5552:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5489:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5344:South America
5341:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5271:
5264:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5229:Spanish Texas
5226:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5207:North America
5204:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5188:Franche-Comté
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5118:
5114:
5107:
5103:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4863:
4858:
4856:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4828:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
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4728:
4726:
4723:
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4718:
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4715:
4711:
4708:
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4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:Miscellaneous
4652:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:Miscellaneous
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Pirate utopia
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
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4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Elaine Marley
4318:
4316:
4315:Edward Kenway
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:Captain Flint
4273:
4271:
4270:Captain Crook
4268:
4266:
4265:Captain Blood
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
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4215:
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4122:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4088:Acts of grace
4086:
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4074:
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4018:
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4008:
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4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3981:Orkim Harmony
3977:
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3973:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3924:Carré d'As IV
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3888:Ambrose Light
3884:
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3879:
3877:
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3872:
3870:
3866:
3864:
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3697:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3668:Royal Fortune
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3612:Ambrose Light
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3584:Woodes Rogers
3582:
3580:
3579:Thomas Warren
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:Julius Caesar
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Chaloner Ogle
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3491:Zheng Zhilong
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
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3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Sadie Farrell
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Princess Sela
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3306:Pedro Gilbert
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:Liang Daoming
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
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3169:
3167:
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3159:
3157:
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3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Francis Drake
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:Dominique You
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Charles Gibbs
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
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2957:
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2902:
2899:
2897:
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2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Abduwali Muse
2874:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:Major figures
2860:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2799:Barataria Bay
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:Pirate havens
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:Barbary Coast
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
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2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
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2669:
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2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Timber pirate
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
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2341:1-56164-179-0
2338:
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2280:1-56164-015-8
2277:
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2239:
2236:
2235:0-8130-1415-8
2232:
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2217:
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2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
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2178:
2174:
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2073:
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2068:
2060:
2053:
2048:
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2023:
2015:
2009:
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1996:
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1729:
1723:
1719:
1718:Three Voyages
1712:
1703:
1696:
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1665:
1649:
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1643:0-691-00618-0
1639:
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937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
924:
913:
910:
909:Piracy portal
899:
896:
885:
875:
871:
867:
864:
863:
858:
855:
851:
848:
844:
840:
837:
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816:
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800:
794:
792:
788:
787:
782:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Georgia coast
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
721:
719:
715:
710:
707:
703:
699:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:Fort Caroline
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
596:
595:tidal channel
592:
591:St. Augustine
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
568:
563:
562:
557:
556:Spanish Crown
552:
550:
549:Fort Caroline
546:
542:
540:
539:La Concepcion
535:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:La Concepción
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
445:
440:
432:
426:
420:
418:
417:
412:
411:
405:
403:
399:
396:in Spain and
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:of the great
352:
348:
343:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
311:
301:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
283:
273:
264:
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258:
252:
250:
246:
236:
234:
230:
226:
225:
220:
219:
213:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
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178:
174:
169:
161:
152:
149:
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132:
128:
125:
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117:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
88:
84:
79:
75:
72:
69:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
7131:Architecture
7026:The Americas
6890:Newfoundland
6880:Túpac Katari
6870:Cuerno Verde
6805:Tenochtitlan
6637:Valenciennes
6394:Luis Fajardo
6318:
6263:Blas de Lezo
6208:Duke of Alba
6088:Spanish Road
5926:Buenos Aires
5835:Governorates
5604:Ayuntamiento
5597:Organization
5062:Carlist Wars
4910:Italian Wars
4807:
4680:Pirate Round
4660:
4631:Space pirate
4605:Treasure map
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4395:Roronoa Zoro
4345:Jack Sparrow
4285:Captain Nemo
4280:Captain Hook
4202:
4194:
4170:
4040:
3997:
3989:
3980:
3971:
3962:
3949:
3932:Dai Hong Dan
3931:
3923:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3887:
3868:
3687:
3682:Whydah Gally
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3633:Ganj-i-Sawai
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3597:Pirate ships
3558:
3549:Luis Fajardo
3534:James Brooke
3524:David Porter
3496:Zheng Yi Sao
3471:William Kidd
3426:Stede Bonnet
3411:Shap-ng-tsai
3391:Samuel Mason
3311:Peter Easton
3261:Mary Lindsey
3211:Lai Choi San
3201:Joseph Barss
3196:Joseph Baker
3166:John Hawkins
3161:Johanna Hård
3151:Jean Lafitte
3146:Jan Janszoon
3136:Israel Hands
3116:Henry Morgan
3106:Henri Caesar
3021:Dirk Chivers
2956:Black Caesar
2881:Abshir Boyah
2752:Other waters
2733:Persian Gulf
2721:Somali Coast
2709:Indian Ocean
2681:Spanish Main
2596:River pirate
2574:Moro pirates
2549:Child pirate
2474:21st century
2407:
2391:
2362:
2347:
2332:
2306:
2296:
2271:
2256:
2241:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2183:
2176:
2156:Online books
2146:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2093:
2086:
2066:
2059:
2047:
2028:
2022:
2002:
1995:
1983:. Retrieved
1963:
1956:
1936:
1906:
1884:. Retrieved
1864:
1860:
1850:
1830:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1791:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1752:
1745:
1736:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1632:
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1593:
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999:
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923:Spain portal
861:
857:Liberty Ship
854:World War II
810:
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528:naval stores
525:
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510:arquebusiers
502:Jean Ribault
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159:
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111:(1574-09-17)
66:Succeeded by
55:
18:
7275:1574 deaths
7270:1519 births
7098:Philippines
7063:El Salvador
6683:Capo d'Orso
6567:St. Quentin
6542:Rome (1527)
6201:Strategists
5951:Guadalajara
5878:New Navarre
5873:New Castile
5858:La Luisiana
5810:Puerto Rico
5800:Philippines
5757:New Granada
5447:Philippines
5408:(Uruguay),
5404:(Bolivia),
5354:New Granada
5294:Puerto Rico
5240: [
5110:Territories
4930:Encomiendas
4595:Pirate code
4570:Keelhauling
4558:Jolly Roger
4420:Will Turner
4355:José Gaspar
4255:Barbe Rouge
4152:Slave trade
3406:Sister Ping
3336:Rachel Wall
3131:Huang Bamei
3111:Henry Every
3066:Fūma Kotarō
3061:Flying Gang
2976:Calico Jack
2966:Bully Hayes
2769:Falcon Lake
2743:Nosy Boraha
2601:Sea Beggars
2589:Confederate
2559:Filibusters
2208:. P. Jannet
1299:20 November
1016:23 November
815:Santa Elena
724:Later years
689:Santa Elena
642:were killed
471:Charlesfort
400:in Spanish
375:Gulf Stream
239:Early years
7244:Categories
6768:Somosierra
6758:Manila Bay
6632:Nördlingen
6572:Gravelines
6052:Columnario
6024:Currencies
5941:Concepción
5913:Audiencias
5888:New Toledo
5853:La Florida
5686:Corregidor
5650:Papal bull
5555:Antarctica
5463:Micronesia
4920:Golden Age
4754:Categories
4730:Privateers
4692:Matelotage
4626:Air pirate
4590:Pet parrot
4442:The Pirate
4390:Nico Robin
4310:Davy Jones
4250:Tom Ayrton
4224:Pirates in
4113:Piracy Act
4082:Piracy law
3998:North Star
3661:My Revenge
3514:Angelo Emo
3476:Zheng Jing
3441:Thomas Tew
3236:Lo Hon-cho
3056:Flora Burn
3036:Edward Low
3006:Dan Seavey
3001:Chui A-poo
2961:Blackbeard
2906:Anne Bonny
2844:Saint-Malo
2824:Port Royal
2809:Libertatia
2621:Ushkuyniks
2584:Privateers
2579:Narentines
2539:Buccaneers
2469:Golden Age
2135:References
1573:27 October
1201:San Pelayo
811:La Florida
769:Vero Beach
714:La Florida
685:Juan Pardo
607:Franciscan
587:San Pelayo
567:adelantado
558:issued an
532:La Florida
521:La Florida
517:adelantado
491:La Florida
459:La Florida
425:La Florida
410:adelantado
257:Valladolid
233:La Florida
229:adelantado
218:La Florida
205:La Florida
139:La Florida
130:Occupation
7073:Nicaragua
7051:Guatemala
6961:Pichincha
6946:Chacabuco
6885:Pensacola
6830:Mataquito
6810:Cajamarca
6791:New World
6763:Trafalgar
6667:Alhucemas
6547:Landriano
6532:Comuneros
6518:Old World
6462:Joan Orpí
6182:Royalists
5956:Guatemala
5883:New Spain
5820:Venezuela
5795:Guatemala
5752:New Spain
5747:Columbian
5640:Exequatur
5540:Cape Juby
5394:Argentina
5217:New Spain
5151:Gibraltar
4915:Habsburgs
4575:Marooning
4203:Brillante
3992:hijacking
3983:hijacking
3974:hijacking
3965:hijacking
3266:Mary Read
3171:John Hoar
3041:Eli Boggs
3011:Diabolito
2792:and bases
2728:Indonesia
2693:Venezuela
2671:Caribbean
1873:0734-578X
1654:6 October
1615:6 October
1534:6 October
1468:6 October
1393:0362-7055
799:El Portal
742:Tocobagas
609:outpost,
495:Philip II
451:Huguenots
416:presidios
398:Vera Cruz
323:and that
316:Caribbean
148:New Spain
120:Cantabria
116:Santander
60:1565–1574
56:In office
7083:Colombia
7068:Honduras
6981:Asomante
6966:Ayacucho
6956:Carabobo
6931:Curalaba
6708:Ceresole
6602:Gembloux
6562:Mühlberg
6277:Mariners
6135:Military
6057:Doubloon
6042:Maravedí
5986:Santiago
5893:Paraguay
5619:Germania
5459:Caroline
5414:Malvinas
5398:Paraguay
5358:Colombia
5300:Trinidad
5167:Sardinia
5007:Bourbons
4827:Category
4553:Eyepatch
4425:Zanzibar
4400:Sandokan
4380:Mr. Smee
4245:Askeladd
4173:Incident
4043:incident
3952:incident
3934:incident
3926:incident
3871:incident
3486:Zheng Yi
3481:Zheng Qi
3461:Wang Zhi
3341:Redbeard
3231:Limahong
3181:John Pro
3086:Gan Ning
2971:Cai Qian
2779:Sulu Sea
2606:Sea Dogs
2198:Service.
1979:Archived
1881:40713105
1807:Archived
1768:Archived
1679:2 August
1648:Archived
1609:Archived
1567:Archived
1528:Archived
1462:Archived
1401:42953207
1333:9 August
1196:Galeones
1136:Archived
881:See also
860:SS
791:Tequesta
662:Matanzas
627:chiefdom
390:galleons
351:galleons
189:Asturias
173:Asturian
96:Asturias
7215:Asiento
7186:Mustang
7046:Yucatán
7041:Chiapas
6921:Tucapel
6753:Passaro
6703:Algiers
6693:Preveza
6662:Tetouan
6657:Vitoria
6647:Bitonto
6587:Antwerp
6582:Lepanto
6537:Bicocca
6013:Economy
5936:Charcas
5931:Caracas
5825:Yucatán
5696:Regidor
5681:Alcalde
5609:Cabildo
5516:Tripoli
5455:Mariana
5402:Charcas
5378:(Peru,
5362:Ecuador
5325:Bonaire
5320:Curazao
5305:Jamaica
5233:Florida
4791:Pirates
4720:Pirates
4228:culture
4226:popular
4171:Amistad
3972:Zafirah
3675:Saladin
3507:hunters
3296:Ng Akew
2896:Alfhild
2869:Pirates
2849:Tortuga
2631:Vikings
2527:Algiers
2456:Periods
2412:. 1900.
2390:(ed.).
1697:, p. 25
1433:(1): 2.
1209:galeaza
872:of the
786:cacique
669:Timucua
636:on the
623:Timucua
561:asiento
487:Bermuda
453:led by
367:Spanish
290:Galicia
282:patache
224:asiento
134:Admiral
7193:Castas
6951:Boyacá
6926:Guiana
6916:Iguape
6840:Recife
6778:Mactan
6773:Annual
6738:Rocroi
6733:Leiden
6718:Djerba
6652:Bailén
6607:Ostend
6592:Azores
6187:Legión
6152:Tercio
6145:Armies
6047:Escudo
5976:Panamá
5971:Mexico
5966:Manila
5921:Bogotá
5706:Vecino
5701:Syndic
5532:Béjaïa
5492:Africa
5478:Tidore
5366:Panama
5330:Belize
5237:Mexico
5163:Sicily
5159:Naples
5121:Europe
4781:Piracy
4687:Mutiny
4585:Pegleg
4536:Tropes
4434:Novels
4330:Franky
4000:affair
3564:Pompey
3505:Pirate
3446:Veborg
2931:Awilda
2819:Mamora
2626:Uskoks
2448:Piracy
2339:
2324:
2313:
2289:
2278:
2263:
2248:
2233:
2190:
2144:about
2110:4 July
2101:
2074:
2035:
2010:
1985:8 July
1971:
1944:
1914:
1886:3 July
1879:
1871:
1838:
1813:8 July
1799:
1774:7 July
1760:
1724:
1640:
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1520:
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1406:3 July
1399:
1391:
1387:: 16.
1358:
1290:
1258:
1095:
1068:
1041:
1007:
980:
874:Armada
868:A new
833:Legacy
823:typhus
804:Arawak
738:Carlos
730:Calusa
706:Chiaha
619:Mocama
506:Dieppe
402:Mexico
325:Havana
294:zabras
185:Avilés
92:Avilés
7088:Chile
7056:Petén
7031:Aztec
6850:Bahia
6825:Penco
6815:Cusco
6743:Downs
6723:Tunis
6642:Ceuta
6627:Breda
6577:Malta
6557:Tunis
6552:Pavia
6066:Trade
5981:Quito
5946:Cusco
5785:Chile
5520:Tunis
5467:Palau
5384:Chile
5315:Aruba
5310:Haiti
5244:]
5173:Milan
5131:Spain
4713:Lists
4415:Usopp
4405:Sanji
4041:Quest
3950:Irene
3909:Fancy
3901:Bravo
3619:Fancy
3431:Teuta
3371:Rusla
2814:Lundy
2655:Areas
2641:Wokou
2386:. In
1877:JSTOR
1397:JSTOR
957:Notes
702:Joara
691:, at
583:Cádiz
394:Cadiz
357:, or
333:Flota
193:Spain
187:, in
183:from
146:, in
124:Spain
100:Spain
7093:Inca
7036:Maya
6971:Guam
6904:Lost
6676:Lost
6597:Mons
6037:Real
5961:Lima
5848:Cuba
5790:Cuba
5762:Perú
5538:and
5536:Ifni
5528:Oran
5451:Guam
5380:Acre
5376:Peru
5286:Cuba
5165:and
4706:Meta
4385:Nami
4137:1850
4133:1837
4129:1721
4125:1717
4121:1698
4117:1536
3917:Anne
3689:York
3016:Dido
2489:2024
2484:2023
2479:2022
2337:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2311:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2112:2012
2099:ISBN
2072:ISBN
2033:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1987:2016
1969:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1888:2021
1869:ISSN
1836:ISBN
1815:2016
1797:ISBN
1776:2016
1758:ISBN
1722:ISBN
1681:2015
1656:2016
1638:ISBN
1617:2016
1599:ISBN
1575:2015
1557:ISBN
1536:2016
1518:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1470:2016
1452:ISBN
1408:2021
1389:ISSN
1356:ISBN
1335:2020
1301:2012
1288:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1207:and
1093:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1039:ISBN
1018:2012
1005:ISBN
978:ISBN
852:The
773:Cuba
718:Cuba
621:, a
603:Mass
329:Cuba
144:Cuba
142:and
106:Died
86:Born
6798:Won
6525:Won
5633:Law
5530:,
5250:),
5231:),
3988:MV
3979:MT
3970:MT
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1191:nao
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841:on
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