47:
2186:
1452:
3074:
1162:
3095:
2175:
3084:
1431:
in suspension thousands of kilometers from their terrestrial source. As they were transported, the finer clays may have stayed in suspension for a hundred years or more within the water column before they settled to the ocean bottom. The settling of this clay-size sediment occurred primarily by the formation of clay
1430:
These sediments accumulate on the ocean floor within areas characterized by little planktonic production. The clays which comprise them were transported into the deep ocean in suspension, either in the air over the oceans or in surface waters. Both wind and ocean currents transported these sediments
1256:
The composition of pelagic sediments is controlled by three main factors. The first factor is the distance from major landmasses, which affects their dilution by terrigenous, or land-derived, sediment. The second factor is water depth, which affects the preservation of both siliceous and calcareous
1375:
accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. It covers 38% of the ocean floor and accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1–0.5 cm/1000 yr. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, it consists of sediment that remains after the dissolution of
1349:
or both. This type of ooze accumulates on the ocean floor at depths below the carbonate compensation depth. Its distribution is also limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only
1422:
These pelagic sediments are typically bright red to chocolate brown in color. The color results from coatings of iron and manganese oxide on the sediment particles. In the absence of organic carbon, iron and manganese remain in their oxidized states and these clays remain brown after burial. When
1273:, ooze does not refer to a sediment's consistency, but to its composition, which directly reflects its origin. Ooze is pelagic sediment that consists of at least 30% of microscopic remains of either calcareous or siliceous
1309:
oozes. Oozes are also classified and named according to their mineralogy, i.e. calcareous or siliceous oozes. Whatever their composition, all oozes accumulate extremely slowly, at no more than a few centimeters per
1326:—of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze accumulates on the ocean floor at depths above the
1217:
that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far from land. These particles consist primarily of either the microscopic, calcareous or siliceous shells of
1338:
is ooze that is composed of at least 30% of the siliceous microscopic "shells" of plankton, such as diatoms and radiolaria. Siliceous oozes often contain lesser proportions of either
1186:
1285:-size fraction and siliciclastic clay-size fraction. Oozes can be defined by and classified according to the predominant organisms that compose them. For example, there are
2814:
2804:
1863:
574:
1831:
1193:
891:
475:
1708:
2720:
3087:
2135:
1903:
1241:
also occur within pelagic sediments. Based upon the composition of the ooze, there are three main types of pelagic sediments:
1796:
1330:. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3–5 cm/1000 yr.
3130:
2367:
465:
1856:
1756:, Vol. 5. of Selley, Richard C., L. Robin McCocks, and Ian R. Plimer, Encyclopedia of Geology, Oxford: Elsevier Limited.
1376:
both calcareous and siliceous biogenic particles while they settled through the water column. These sediments consist of
1257:
biogenic particles as they settle to the ocean bottom. The final factor is ocean fertility, which controls the amount of
1091:
2257:
2962:
2389:
2277:
2809:
2080:
1816:
1761:
17:
2267:
2227:
2997:
1983:
1086:
3077:
2670:
1849:
1018:
761:
569:
2125:
1327:
455:
1350:
15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2–1 cm/1000 yr.
1081:
1056:
1013:
630:
443:
2185:
3120:
2322:
655:
268:
1281:
minerals. As a result, the grain size of oozes is often bimodal with a well-defined biogenic silt- to
2857:
2262:
2222:
1179:
1423:
more deeply buried, brown clay may change into red clay due to the conversion of iron-hydroxides to
2987:
2362:
2352:
2292:
1928:
1898:
1133:
766:
1460:
Deposits are thick on the continental shelves, and thinnest in the deep sea on either side of the
3125:
3024:
3007:
2844:
2337:
2202:
2140:
2130:
2023:
1411:. The bulk of red clay consists of eolian dust. Accessory constituents found in red clay include
1066:
1061:
660:
3019:
2957:
2384:
2070:
959:
611:
381:
373:
222:
2852:
2834:
2342:
2237:
1872:
510:
1322:
is ooze that is composed of at least 30% of the calcareous microscopic shells—also known as
3039:
2872:
2575:
2432:
2297:
2008:
1098:
713:
687:
308:
62:
8:
3034:
2919:
2914:
2640:
2312:
2272:
1988:
1592:
1432:
843:
97:
1246:
2977:
2690:
2680:
2645:
2545:
2530:
2427:
1698:
1576:
1396:
1258:
1166:
1051:
813:
792:
748:
505:
359:
333:
263:
254:
102:
67:
3059:
3049:
2992:
2972:
2655:
2620:
2555:
2535:
2525:
2407:
2095:
1953:
1812:
1792:
1757:
1641:
1377:
853:
729:
682:
460:
323:
294:
289:
213:
137:
2982:
2952:
2761:
2746:
2615:
2550:
2442:
2357:
2287:
2212:
1993:
1963:
1893:
1888:
1836:
1416:
1359:
1342:
1270:
1250:
1237:; or some mixture of these. Trace amounts of meteoric dust and variable amounts of
920:
675:
640:
121:
46:
2819:
2715:
2665:
2630:
2590:
2482:
2452:
2302:
2252:
2162:
2120:
2053:
1978:
1938:
1662:
1572:
1461:
1408:
1318:
1290:
1103:
1073:
943:
867:
782:
756:
588:
517:
423:
2929:
2924:
2829:
2824:
2660:
2600:
2595:
2327:
2217:
2038:
1973:
1948:
1724:
1703:
1624:
1596:
1412:
1334:
1242:
1140:
1028:
933:
833:
787:
777:
724:
428:
418:
401:
318:
2174:
3114:
3099:
2947:
2867:
2756:
2675:
2650:
2585:
2515:
2422:
2317:
2194:
2115:
2075:
2048:
1958:
1908:
1586:
1231:
1219:
1123:
1108:
848:
650:
635:
606:
564:
559:
539:
438:
391:
349:
249:
241:
1837:
Total
Sediment Thickness of the World's Oceans and Marginal Seas, Version 2
1542:
1451:
3054:
3002:
2942:
2893:
2771:
2766:
2741:
2725:
2700:
2417:
2307:
2247:
2033:
1943:
1918:
1440:
1436:
1388:
1384:
1346:
1294:
1238:
1145:
1128:
1113:
954:
838:
734:
544:
522:
470:
433:
413:
406:
328:
299:
3044:
2776:
2705:
2570:
2510:
2477:
2467:
2462:
2347:
2282:
2242:
2232:
2207:
2090:
2063:
2043:
2003:
1968:
1713:
1645:
1582:
1567:
1446:
1392:
1306:
1298:
1223:
1023:
896:
883:
862:
808:
797:
670:
623:
596:
500:
450:
338:
1841:
1811:(5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp.
2862:
2710:
2685:
2580:
2560:
2487:
2472:
2457:
2447:
2412:
2332:
2152:
2147:
2110:
2105:
2100:
1998:
1620:
1613:
1311:
1274:
1118:
708:
532:
527:
313:
279:
111:
3094:
1807:
Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl Jr., and J.A. Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005)
1791:. Developments in Sedimentology, vol. 63. Elsiever, New York. 849 pp.
2934:
2796:
2781:
2695:
2540:
2379:
2374:
2157:
2085:
2013:
1933:
1923:
1880:
1666:
1008:
993:
977:
938:
703:
665:
601:
354:
27:
Fine-grained sediment that accumulates on the floor of the open ocean
3029:
2751:
2610:
2502:
2492:
2437:
1913:
1424:
1404:
1302:
1234:
1214:
928:
386:
227:
38:
2898:
2888:
2058:
2028:
1672:
1400:
982:
972:
645:
618:
284:
167:
116:
1638:
Precipitation of dissolved mineral from water, often by bacteria
2605:
2018:
1380:
1339:
1286:
1277:
organisms. The remainder typically consists almost entirely of
181:
132:
127:
2967:
2786:
2565:
2520:
1718:
1693:
1003:
998:
554:
549:
396:
186:
1610:
Organic; accumulation of hard parts of some marine organisms
2399:
1678:
Mixed in very small proportion with more dominant sediments
1282:
1278:
1227:
906:
901:
495:
191:
162:
157:
152:
1543:
Classification of marine sediments by source of particles
1447:
Distribution and average thickness of marine sediments
1801:
2815:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
3112:
2805:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1766:
1857:
1415:, fish bones and teeth, whale ear bones, and
1187:
1737:
1721:, online database for sediment geochemistry
1651:Present with other, more dominant sediments
1477:Percent of total volume of marine sediments
1457:Total sediment thickness of the ocean floor
1864:
1850:
1194:
1180:
1871:
1709:Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor
1562:Percent of all ocean floor area covered
1450:
14:
3113:
2136:one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations
1353:
1261:particles produced in surface waters.
1845:
3083:
1391:, subordinate residue of siliceous
24:
2963:National Oceanographic Data Center
2390:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
2278:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
25:
3142:
2810:Global Sea Level Observing System
1825:
1787:HĂĽNeke, H., and T. Mulder (2011)
3093:
3082:
3073:
3072:
2268:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
2184:
2173:
1439:and by their incorporation into
1161:
1160:
45:
2998:Ocean thermal energy conversion
2721:Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
575:Microbial calcite precipitation
13:
1:
290:Aeolian (windborne) transport
2258:El Niño–Southern Oscillation
2228:Craik–Leibovich vortex force
1984:Luke's variational principle
1730:
1328:carbonate compensation depth
7:
3131:Oceanographical terminology
1687:
1082:cross-cutting relationships
631:Amorphous calcium carbonate
10:
3147:
2323:Ocean dynamical thermostat
2171:
1832:http://www.odp.usyd.edu.au
1536:0.6 km (0.4 mi)
1494:2.5 km (1.6 mi)
1357:
656:Coastal sediment transport
3068:
2907:
2881:
2858:Ocean acoustic tomography
2843:
2795:
2734:
2671:Mohorovičić discontinuity
2629:
2501:
2398:
2263:General circulation model
2193:
1899:Benjamin–Feir instability
1879:
466:Soft-sediment deformation
63:Terrigenous (lithogenous)
2988:Ocean surface topography
2363:Thermohaline circulation
2353:Subsurface ocean current
2293:Hydrothermal circulation
2126:Wave–current interaction
1904:Boussinesq approximation
1754:Deep Ocean Pelagic Oozes
1635:Hydrogenous (authigenic)
1508:9 km (5.6 mi)
1264:
767:calcareous nannoplankton
456:Sediment–water interface
3025:Sea surface temperature
3008:Outline of oceanography
2203:Atmospheric circulation
2141:shallow water equations
2131:Waves and shallow water
2024:Significant wave height
1752:Rothwell, R.G., (2005)
1675:spheres, glassy nodules
1417:manganese micro-nodules
1367:, also known as either
661:Coastal sediment supply
434:Paleocurrent indicators
3020:Sea surface microlayer
2385:Wind generated current
1627:below about 5 km)
1522:8 km (5 mi)
1465:
1443:by pelagic organisms.
1092:original horizontality
762:biogenic calcification
612:oolitic aragonite sand
382:Sedimentary structures
223:Oolitic aragonite sand
2853:Deep scattering layer
2835:World Geodetic System
2343:Princeton Ocean Model
2223:Coriolis–Stokes force
1873:Physical oceanography
1474:Percent of ocean area
1454:
2873:Underwater acoustics
2433:Perigean spring tide
2298:Langmuir circulation
2009:Rossby-gravity waves
1599:, polar ocean floors
3035:Science On a Sphere
2641:Convergent boundary
2313:Modular Ocean Model
2273:Geostrophic current
1989:Mild-slope equation
1809:Glossary of Geology
1616:and siliceous oozes
1593:continental margins
1485:Continental shelves
1397:authigenic minerals
1354:Red and brown clays
892:Soil carbon storage
827:Sedimentary ecology
749:Biogenous sediments
33:Part of a series on
2691:Seafloor spreading
2681:Outer trench swell
2646:Divergent boundary
2546:Continental margin
2531:Carbonate platform
2428:Lunitidal interval
1789:Deep-Sea Sediments
1699:Diatomaceous earth
1577:volcanic eruptions
1499:Continental slopes
1480:Average thickness
1466:
1213:is a fine-grained
1134:carbonate-silicate
1104:Sedimentary record
1087:lateral continuity
884:Sedimentary carbon
814:Reverse weathering
793:diatomaceous earth
476:Vegetation-induced
360:Turbidity currents
334:ice-sheet dynamics
264:Sediment transport
255:Sedimentary budget
3121:Sedimentary rocks
3108:
3107:
3100:Oceans portal
3060:World Ocean Atlas
3050:Underwater glider
2993:Ocean temperature
2656:Hydrothermal vent
2621:Submarine volcano
2556:Continental shelf
2536:Coastal geography
2526:Bathymetric chart
2408:Amphidromic point
2096:Wave nonlinearity
1954:Infragravity wave
1797:978-0-444-53000-4
1685:
1684:
1642:Manganese nodules
1540:
1539:
1513:Continental rises
1347:silicoflagellates
1275:planktonic debris
1204:
1203:
854:Soil biodiversity
730:Sedimentary basin
683:Marine regression
461:Sedimentary basin
324:Fluvial processes
295:Biomineralization
214:Manganese nodules
18:Pelagic sediments
16:(Redirected from
3138:
3098:
3097:
3086:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3015:Pelagic sediment
2953:Marine pollution
2747:Deep ocean water
2616:Submarine canyon
2551:Continental rise
2443:Rule of twelfths
2358:Sverdrup balance
2288:Humboldt Current
2213:Boundary current
2188:
2177:
1994:Radiation stress
1964:Iribarren number
1939:Equatorial waves
1894:Ballantine scale
1889:Airy wave theory
1866:
1859:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1819:
1805:
1799:
1785:
1764:
1750:
1547:
1546:
1527:Deep-ocean floor
1468:
1467:
1409:manganese oxides
1360:Pelagic red clay
1271:marine sediments
1247:calcareous oozes
1207:Pelagic sediment
1196:
1189:
1182:
1169:
1164:
1163:
921:Sedimentary rock
676:pelagic red clay
641:Continental rise
49:
30:
29:
21:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3092:
3064:
2903:
2877:
2839:
2820:Sea-level curve
2791:
2730:
2716:Transform fault
2666:Mid-ocean ridge
2632:
2625:
2591:Oceanic plateau
2497:
2483:Tidal resonance
2453:Theory of tides
2394:
2303:Longshore drift
2253:Ekman transport
2189:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2169:
2121:Wave turbulence
2054:Trochoidal wave
1979:Longshore drift
1875:
1870:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1806:
1802:
1786:
1767:
1751:
1738:
1733:
1690:
1663:Dust from space
1573:Erosion of land
1545:
1462:mid-ocean ridge
1459:
1449:
1362:
1356:
1319:Calcareous ooze
1267:
1243:siliceous oozes
1200:
1159:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1074:Legacy sediment
1043:
1035:
1034:
1033:
989:
966:
950:
923:
913:
912:
911:
886:
876:
875:
874:
868:root microbiome
858:
828:
820:
819:
818:
804:
783:biogenic silica
773:
757:Calcareous ooze
751:
741:
740:
739:
720:
694:
591:
589:Marine sediment
581:
580:
579:
490:
482:
481:
480:
376:
366:
365:
364:
345:
304:
275:
259:
244:
234:
233:
232:
218:
208:
200:
199:
198:
174:
146:
124:
107:
92:
84:
83:
82:
72:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3144:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3126:Marine geology
3123:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3090:
3080:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3040:Stratification
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2930:Color of water
2927:
2925:Benthic lander
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2830:Sea level rise
2827:
2825:Sea level drop
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:Marine geology
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2601:Passive margin
2598:
2596:Oceanic trench
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:Ocean dynamics
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2218:Coriolis force
2215:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2039:Stokes problem
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:Kinematic wave
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1827:
1826:External links
1824:
1821:
1820:
1800:
1765:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1725:Biogenous Ooze
1722:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Marine geology
1701:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:siliceous ooze
1617:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1597:abyssal plains
1589:
1580:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1413:meteorite dust
1358:Main article:
1355:
1352:
1335:Siliceous ooze
1266:
1263:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1141:Paleolimnology
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
990:
988:
987:
986:
985:
980:
975:
967:
965:
964:
963:
962:
951:
949:
948:
947:
946:
941:
931:
925:
924:
919:
918:
915:
914:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
887:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
871:
870:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
844:soil pathogens
841:
836:
834:Soil biomantle
830:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
817:
816:
811:
805:
803:
802:
801:
800:
795:
790:
788:silicification
785:
778:Siliceous ooze
774:
772:
771:
770:
769:
764:
753:
752:
747:
746:
743:
742:
738:
737:
732:
727:
725:Salt tectonics
721:
719:
718:
717:
716:
711:
706:
695:
693:
692:
691:
690:
680:
679:
678:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
627:
626:
616:
615:
614:
609:
599:
593:
592:
587:
586:
583:
582:
578:
577:
572:
570:Mineralization
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
536:
535:
530:
525:
515:
514:
513:
508:
503:
492:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
447:
446:
441:
431:
426:
421:
419:Alluvial river
416:
411:
410:
409:
404:
402:graded bedding
399:
394:
384:
378:
377:
372:
371:
368:
367:
363:
362:
357:
352:
346:
344:
343:
342:
341:
336:
326:
321:
319:Exner equation
316:
311:
305:
303:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
276:
274:
273:
272:
271:
260:
258:
257:
252:
246:
245:
240:
239:
236:
235:
231:
230:
225:
219:
217:
216:
210:
209:
207:By composition
206:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:
195:
194:
189:
184:
175:
173:
172:
171:
170:
165:
160:
155:
147:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
135:
125:
119:
108:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
71:
70:
65:
59:
58:
55:
54:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3143:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:Marine energy
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Acidification
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:SOFAR channel
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:Oceanic crust
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Fracture zone
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Oceanic basin
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Abyssal plain
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Internal tide
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:Ocean current
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2176:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Wave shoaling
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Ursell number
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Internal wave
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Breaking wave
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1817:0-922152-76-4
1814:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1762:0-12-636380-3
1759:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1587:estuarine mud
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1550:Sediment type
1549:
1548:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1441:fecal pellets
1438:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:clay minerals
1382:
1379:
1374:
1373:pelagic clay,
1370:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1232:siliciclastic
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:phytoplankton
1216:
1212:
1208:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Sedimentology
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:
961:
958:
957:
956:
953:
952:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
922:
917:
916:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
885:
880:
879:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
860:
855:
852:
850:
849:Pedodiversity
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
824:
823:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
775:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
758:
755:
754:
750:
745:
744:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
697:
696:
689:
688:transgression
686:
685:
684:
681:
677:
674:
673:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Bioirrigation
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
636:Calcification
634:
632:
629:
625:
622:
621:
620:
617:
613:
610:
608:
607:aragonite sea
605:
604:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
590:
585:
584:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
565:Hydropedology
563:
561:
560:Soil salinity
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
519:
516:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
493:
489:Soil sediment
486:
485:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
445:
442:
440:
439:sole markings
437:
436:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
392:cross-bedding
390:
389:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
375:
370:
369:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Lithification
348:
347:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
270:
267:
266:
265:
262:
261:
256:
253:
251:
250:Sedimentation
248:
247:
243:
238:
237:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
215:
212:
211:
204:
203:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
177:
176:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
88:
87:
78:
75:
74:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
31:
19:
3055:Water column
3014:
3003:Oceanography
2978:Observations
2973:Explorations
2943:Marginal sea
2936:
2894:OSTM/Jason-2
2726:Volcanic arc
2701:Slab suction
2418:Head of tide
2308:Loop Current
2248:Ekman spiral
2034:Stokes drift
1944:Gravity wave
1919:Cnoidal wave
1808:
1803:
1788:
1753:
1619:Dominant on
1591:Dominant on
1579:, blown dust
1559:Distribution
1456:
1437:flocculation
1429:
1421:
1393:microfossils
1389:volcanic ash
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1295:foraminifera
1268:
1255:
1239:volcanic ash
1210:
1206:
1205:
1146:Biosignature
1114:Stratigraphy
1067:soil science
1062:paleontology
1019:Organic-rich
960:conglomerate
839:Soil zoology
735:Tidal bundle
714:hemipelagite
698:
545:Soil horizon
511:permeability
471:Unconformity
414:Alluvial fan
407:ripple marks
374:By structure
329:Glacier flow
300:Bioturbation
3045:Thermocline
2762:Mesopelagic
2735:Ocean zones
2706:Slab window
2571:Hydrography
2511:Abyssal fan
2478:Tidal range
2468:Tidal power
2463:Tidal force
2348:Rip current
2283:Gulf Stream
2243:Ekman layer
2233:Downwelling
2208:Baroclinity
2195:Circulation
2091:Wave height
2081:Wave action
2064:megatsunami
2044:Stokes wave
2004:Rossby wave
1969:Kelvin wave
1949:Green's law
1714:Radiolarite
1659:Cosmogenous
1646:phosphorite
1583:Quartz sand
1568:Terrigenous
1307:radiolarian
1299:globigerina
1269:In case of
1224:zooplankton
1078:Principles
1024:Phosphorite
897:Soil carbon
863:Rhizosphere
809:Microfossil
798:radiolarite
671:Marine clay
624:calcite sea
597:Abyssal fan
451:River delta
444:imbrication
339:ice rafting
79:Hydrogenous
76:Cosmogenous
3115:Categories
2983:Reanalysis
2882:Satellites
2863:Sofar bomb
2711:Subduction
2686:Ridge push
2581:Ocean bank
2561:Contourite
2488:Tide gauge
2473:Tidal race
2458:Tidal bore
2448:Slack tide
2413:Earth tide
2333:Ocean gyre
2153:Wind setup
2148:Wind fetch
2111:Wave setup
2106:Wave radar
2101:Wave power
1999:Rogue wave
1929:Dispersion
1621:deep-ocean
1614:Calcareous
1433:aggregates
1369:brown clay
1312:millennium
1119:Rock cycle
1099:Provenance
1057:geological
934:Carbonates
709:contourite
666:Evaporites
518:morphology
506:pore space
314:Concretion
309:Compaction
280:Weathering
242:By process
112:Grain size
91:By texture
2845:Acoustics
2797:Sea level
2696:Slab pull
2633:tectonics
2541:Cold seep
2503:Landforms
2380:Whirlpool
2375:Upwelling
2158:Wind wave
2086:Wave base
2014:Sea state
1934:Edge wave
1924:Cross sea
1731:Footnotes
1667:meteorite
1607:Biogenous
1585:, clays,
1291:coccolith
1251:red clays
1029:Siliceous
1014:Iron-rich
1009:Greywacke
994:Evaporite
978:sandstone
939:limestone
704:turbidite
602:Aragonite
355:Siltation
98:Roundness
68:Biogenous
56:By origin
39:Sediments
3078:Category
3030:Seawater
2757:Littoral
2752:Deep sea
2611:Seamount
2493:Tideline
2438:Rip tide
2368:shutdown
2338:Overflow
2071:Undertow
1914:Clapotis
1688:See also
1648:deposits
1556:Examples
1425:hematite
1405:limonite
1401:zeolites
1399:such as
1365:Red clay
1343:spicules
1303:pteropod
1259:biogenic
1235:sediment
1215:sediment
1211:pelagite
1167:Category
1048:History
944:dolomite
929:Badlands
387:Bedforms
228:Tektites
3088:Commons
2958:Mooring
2908:Related
2899:Jason-3
2889:Jason-1
2772:Pelagic
2767:Oceanic
2742:Benthic
2059:Tsunami
2029:Soliton
1673:Tektite
1623:floor (
1378:aeolian
1124:calcium
1052:geology
1042:Related
983:mudrock
973:breccia
955:Clastic
699:Pelagic
646:Bay mud
619:Calcite
523:texture
285:Erosion
269:coastal
168:colloid
138:granule
117:boulder
103:Sorting
2777:Photic
2606:Seabed
2019:Seiche
1815:
1795:
1760:
1669:debris
1553:Source
1471:Region
1395:, and
1381:quartz
1340:sponge
1305:, and
1287:diatom
1249:, and
1230:-size
1165:
1129:silica
540:Catena
501:matrix
397:duness
182:oolite
178:Other
133:pebble
128:gravel
122:cobble
2968:Ocean
2937:Alvin
2787:Swash
2631:Plate
2576:Knoll
2566:Guyot
2521:Atoll
2400:Tides
2163:model
2049:Swell
1881:Waves
1719:SedDB
1694:Chalk
1630:~55%
1602:~45%
1324:tests
1265:Oozes
1004:Chert
999:Chalk
555:Humin
550:Humus
533:color
528:value
424:Fault
187:scree
2935:DSV
2920:Argo
2782:Surf
2238:Eddy
1813:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1758:ISBN
1407:and
1283:sand
1279:clay
1228:clay
907:Peat
902:Coal
496:Soil
429:Fold
192:till
163:clay
158:silt
153:sand
1681:1%
1654:1%
1533:13%
1530:78%
1519:31%
1505:41%
1491:15%
1435:by
1371:or
1222:or
1209:or
3117::
1768:^
1739:^
1665:,
1644:,
1595:,
1575:,
1516:6%
1502:6%
1488:9%
1427:.
1419:.
1403:,
1387:,
1383:,
1345:,
1314:.
1301:,
1297:,
1293:,
1289:,
1253:.
1245:,
1226:;
1865:e
1858:t
1851:v
1464:.
1195:e
1188:t
1181:v
20:)
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